The invention relates to a chisel having a chisel head and a chisel shaft, wherein the chisel shaft has in the region of the end thereof facing away from the chisel head a thread portion having a thread, wherein the chisel head carries a chisel tip comprising a hard material and wherein the chisel head is provided with a support face in the region of the side facing the chisel shaft.
Such cutting chisels are generally used on cutting rollers of ground processing machines, in particular road construction machines, mining machines or the like.
The cutting rollers of road milling machines, mining machines or the like are usually provided with chisel holder changing systems. In this instance, base portions of the chisel holder changing systems can be connected to the surface of a cutting roller pipe, in particular welded or screwed thereto. In this instance, the base portions are positioned relative to each other so that helical loading members are produced on the surface of the cutting roller. Chisel holders are connected to the base portions, wherein the chisel holders may be screwed, welded or otherwise retained with respect to the base portion, for example, clamped. In the simplest case, the chisel holders may also be directly connected to the surface of a cutting roller pipe. The chisel holders have a chisel receiving member. The chisels described above can be mounted therein so as to be able to be replaced. During use of the machine, the chisels strike with the chisel tips thereof the substrate which is intended to be removed and cut into it. In this instance, the ground material is broken up. The material which has been removed in this manner can be transported, for example, via the helical broaching and loading members toward the center of the cutting roller and conveyed out of the operating region of the cutting roller at that location by means of ejectors. The material can then be transported away using appropriate devices, for example, transport belts. The chisels are provided with chisel tips, which comprise hard material and which bring about the cutting engagement. They are consequently subjected to an abrasive attack and must therefore comprise a suitable hard material in order to achieve the longest possible service-life. From the prior art there are known chisels in which the chisel tip comprises hard metal. In order to be able to generate uniform wear at the periphery with such chisels, the chisels are generally rotatably arranged in chisel receiving members of the chisel holders.
There are also known chisels which are provided in the region of the chisel tips thereof with a “superhard material”. For example, the chisel tips have a coating of polycrystalline diamond or another material which has a hardness which is comparable with diamond. Such a chisel is known from US 2012/0080930 A1. Such chisel tips have an extraordinarily long service-life and exhibit hardly any wear during operational use. It is therefore not absolutely necessary to fix these chisels in a rotatable manner in the chisel holders. US 2012/0080930 A1 therefore proposes providing the chisel shaft of the chisel with a thread and clamping the chisel securely to the chisel holder by means of a nut. If after a specific operating time wear appears on the chisel, the nut can be released, the chisel can be rotated slightly and the nut can then be retightened.
The chisel is supported with a support portion of the chisel head on a correspondingly formed counter-face of the chisel holder. In this instance, the support portion is constructed in a frustoconical manner and tapers from the chisel head in the direction toward the chisel shaft. During the cutting engagement of the chisel, the cutting force which acts on the chisel varies not only with regard to the value thereof, but also with regard to the force direction. In this instance, it may be the case inter alia that stresses which act in an impact-like manner act on the chisel in the case of uneven surface quality. Those loading situations may result in the support face of the chisel or the corresponding counter-face of the chisel holder being deflected and then the thread connection between the chisel and the chisel holder becoming loose. The chisel can then break or become lost.
An object of the invention is to provide a chisel of the type mentioned in the introduction with which an improved operational reliability and service-life can be achieved.
This object is achieved in that the support face of the chisel head is curved.
The curvature of the support face allows an increased surface with respect to a frustoconical construction for the same construction space. This results in smaller surface pressures and therefore in a construction method which is optimized in terms of loading. Furthermore, in conjunction with a counter-face of the chisel holder, which counter-face is curved in accordance with the support face, a type of “ball-and-socket joint” can be constructed. Such a bearing can react particularly well to the changing force directions which occur during the cutting process and can discharge those forces uniformly and reliably into the chisel holder. Tension peaks which occur in particular in the case of impact-like loads are thereby minimized. The term “curved” is intended to be understood according to the invention to be support face geometries in which the support face is constructed to be spherically convex or correspondingly concave, in particular constructed to be spherical, ellipsoid-like, etc. Spherical or ellipsoid-like geometries can be readily produced and in particular allow the above-mentioned ball-and-socket type construction.
According to a preferred construction variant of the invention, there may be provision for the chisel head to have a tool receiving member. By means of this tool receiving member, the chisel can be gripped from the front chisel side with a screwing tool and screwed to the chisel holder. The chisel is readily accessible in the region of the chisel head and has a diameter which is greater than the chisel shaft. In this instance, the tool receiving member can then also be constructed with a large effective cross-section in order to be able to better introduce the necessary tightening torques for clamping the chisel.
In a particularly preferable manner, the tool receiving member is constructed as an outer polygonal member, in particular as an outer hexagonal member, so that screwing is possible with conventional fixing tools. It is also conceivable for one or more recesses which act as tool receiving members to be formed round the chisel head, such as, for example, bores. They can be orientated substantially axially, that is to say, therefore, parallel with the longitudinal center axis of the chisel according to the invention or substantially radially, that is to say, therefore, orthogonally to the longitudinal center axis. Tools can then be inserted therein and a rotation of the chisel brought about. An advantageous aspect of a through-hole in a radial direction is the fact that the tool receiving member is also retained when the chisel head is worn to a very great extent.
A preferred variant of the invention is such that a concave discharge face of the chisel head directly or indirectly adjoins the tool receiving member and is arranged in the region between the chisel tip and the tool receiving member. The discharge face discharges the ground material which is substantially cut away by the chisel tip away from the tool receiving member and therefore prevents or at least reduces the wear in the region of the tool receiving member. In this regard, the discharge face forms a type of deflector.
In that the discharge face discharges the cut material outward, wear to the chisel holder is also prevented.
In a particularly preferred manner, there may also be provision for the maximum cross-section, in particular the diameter, of the chisel head to be greater than the cross-sectional region of the chisel holder adjoining the chisel head in order to protect it from wear.
In order to be able to bring about a chisel construction which is as compact as possible, there may be provision for a receiving member in which the chisel tip is inserted to be formed in the region of the chisel head forming the discharge face.
The chisel tip preferably has an operating portion which is formed from a superhard material. Such a material may be formed from a material which has a similar hardness to diamond. It is particularly conceivable to use polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, synthetic diamond, vapor-deposition diamond, silicon-bonded diamond, cobalt-bonded diamond, thermally stable diamond, cubic boron nitride, a diamond-infiltrated material, a diamond-tipped matrix, a diamond-impregnated carbide or a similar material. This is not a conclusive listing and it is clear to the person skilled in the art that the advantages of the present invention are produced with a large number of different chisel tips and the materials used therein.
A particularly preferred variant of the invention is such that the chisel shaft has an expansion portion in the region between the thread and the chisel head. That expansion portion is used to form relatively high resilient deformations during the tensioning of the chisel by means of the thread thereof and accordingly a pretension in the chisel shaft. Accordingly, the expansion portion acts as a type of spring. If the chisel strikes the hard substrate to be processed, as a result of the tension direction the pretensioning force is relieved and a residual clamping force is produced. The resilient deformation in the expansion portion ensures that the residual clamping force is not completely eliminated. If the chisel is then out of engagement with the ground again, the pretension in the expansion portion is again produced. The thread connection of the chisel is thereby prevented from becoming loose even in the event of impact-like loads. Furthermore, the resilient deformation in the expansion portion ensures that an adequate pretension and therefore also a residual clamping force is maintained in spite of the unavoidable setting losses. A durably reliable chisel fixing action is thereby achieved. This is particularly advantageous during the use of the above-mentioned superhard materials and the associated high running times of the chisels.
In order to be able to form a sufficiently effective expansion portion in this instance with conventional road milling applications, the expansion portion is intended to extend at least 20 mm and a maximum of 50 mm in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the chisel shaft.
The expansion portion may have a portion with uniform cross-section, in particular a cylindrical cross-section and/or a cross-section which changes in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the chisel shaft. In the case of changing cross-sections, the expansion rate of the expansion portion can be adjusted in a selective manner.
A preferred variant of the invention is such that the shaft cross-section does not taper from the chisel head in the direction toward the thread portion and the thread portion does not have a substantially smaller diameter than the transition region which is formed between the chisel head and the thread portion, and such that a nut is retained on the thread. If the improbable case of a chisel breakage occurs, wherein the chisel head breaks off the chisel shaft, then the chisel shaft remaining in the chisel holder can be pulled backward out of the chisel holder with this construction.
Another variant of the invention is such that the chisel head has a peripheral recess and/or a peripheral projection in the region of the support face.
As already mentioned above, the forces acting on the chisel change during the cutting process. The curved support face of the chisel can react to those changing force directions particularly well, as explained above. The chisel is retained with the chisel shaft thereof in a chisel receiving member of the chisel holder or the like. If a particularly powerful pulse-like transverse force acts on the chisel, the axial portion thereof is discharged into the chisel holder via the support face. The radial portion instead attempts to pivot the chisel head with respect to the chisel holder; furthermore, the chisel shaft is thereby also stressed in terms of flexion. Finally, a tensile stress is also further introduced into the chisel shaft via the threaded connection. Consequently, a disadvantageous, multi-axis tension state can be produced in the region of the chisel shaft. In order to be able to achieve a configuration of the chisel which is optimized in terms of loading in this instance, there is provision according to a variant of the invention for the chisel head to have in the region of the support face a peripheral recess and/or a peripheral projection. Accordingly, a corresponding projection or a corresponding recess may be arranged in the region of the counter-face of the chisel holder. If, for example, a recess is arranged in the chisel head, a projection of the chisel holder engages therein. That engagement results in a connection geometry which allows improved discharge of forces and which reduces the tensions in the chisel shaft.
Furthermore, such a construction of a chisel makes it possible to compensate for production tolerances between the curved face of the chisel and the chisel holder. If, for example, a recess is formed in the chisel head, there are formed at both sides of the recess defined abutment regions which always ensure a sufficiently reliable surface contact between the chisel and the chisel holder. For this functionality, there does not have to be provision, for example, for a projection of the chisel holder to engage in a recess of the chisel, or, if a projection is arranged on the chisel, for that projection to engage in a recess of the chisel holder. In order to compensate for the surface tolerances, it is instead simply necessary for a recess to be provided in the chisel and/or in the chisel holder. For example, it is also conceivable for the chisel holder and/or the chisel to be constructed so as to have recesses, in which a peripheral sealing element is introduced. That peripheral sealing element, for example, a copper ring, an O-ring or the like, then prevents introduction of dirt into the region of the chisel shaft. The above-mentioned tooth arrangement in which a projection and a recess of the chisel or the chisel holder engage in each other, may also perform such a sealing action to a given extent in the form of a labyrinth-like seal.
There is provision in a particularly preferable manner for the recess and/or the projection to extend concentrically round the chisel shaft.
As already mentioned, the thread of the chisel may carry a nut. That nut may be provided with a sealing portion. That sealing portion prevents dirt from being introduced into the chisel holder in the region of the chisel shaft.
The nut preferably has a securing portion having blocking faces at the peripheral side. The securing portion adjoins with the blocking faces thereof support faces of the chisel holder and consequently forms in the peripheral direction of the thread a positive-locking fixing of the nut with respect to the chisel holder. When the chisel is tensioned, therefore, the nut does not have to be retained with a counter-tool. Furthermore, the nut is fixed to the chisel holder in a state protected from abrasive attack. A construction of the nut in a tension-optimized manner is produced when there is provision for the blocking faces to be constructed in a concave manner and preferably to merge into each other via convex transition portions. Such a geometry is further also simple to produce.
A further preferred variant of the invention may be such that the chisel is constructed as a forged component.
The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings, in which:
It is also conceivable for the entire chisel tip 20 to be constructed integrally. The chisel tip could then comprise, for example, hard metal. It is further conceivable for the chisel head 11 itself to be provided with a hard material coating which forms the chisel tip and which is preferably of superhard material. The component complexity can thereby be considerably reduced.
Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the hard material coating 21 to be applied directly to the connection portion 23 with the carrier member 22 being omitted.
Alternatively, the connection portion 23 could also be constructed integrally with the carrier member 22, which would lead to a similar chisel tip, as in the preceding example, only the interface would be different.
The portion of the chisel head 11 forming the receiving member 12 has a discharge face 13 which expands from the chisel tip 20 in the direction toward the shaft 17. That discharge face 13 may in particular be constructed in a concave manner, as clearly shown in
Via the thread 19, the chisel can be screwed to the nut 30 shown in
The chisel holder 40 has at the end thereof facing away from the cylindrical attachment 42 a holder receiving member 47.
The convex/concave pairings selected prevent for the selected high tightening torques a plastic deformation of the blocking faces 34 or the retention faces 47.1 from being able to be produced. Consequently, in particular the holder receiving member 47 remains in the desired form and during the chisel change a new nut 30 can be inserted in a reproducible manner.
During the tool engagement, the chisel tip 20 strikes the substrate which is intended to be cut and cuts into it. In this instance, the material cut slides off the chisel tip 20. As a result of the large forces present in the region of the chisel tip 20, a great abrasive attack is brought about in this instance. This attack is taken into account by the structure of the chisel 10 with the connection portion 23, which comprises hard material, for example, hard metal. After the material removed has passed the connection portion 23, it reaches the region of the discharge face 13. It has then already lost a large proportion of its abrasive nature and can be safely guided further by the discharge face 13. In this instance, it is guided radially outward from the discharge face 13 and discharged from the tool receiving member 14 and the chisel holder 40 so that where possible it is not subjected to wear or is subjected only to slight wear.
Since the chisel 10 cannot rotate, it is first worn away at one side. This is permissible up to a specific wear limit. Then, the chisel 10 is released by means of the appropriate tool which engages on the tool receiving member 14. Subsequently, the nut 30 can be pulled from the holder receiving member 47 and inserted therein again in a rotated state. As a result of this rotation, the thread intake in the thread 36 is also arranged in a rotated position with respect to the chisel holder 40. When the same chisel 10 is again screwed to the nut 30, wherein the same tightening torque is again preferably intended to be selected, then the chisel head 11, and consequently the chisel tip 20 opposite the chisel holder 40, moves into abutment in a correspondingly rotated position. The processing side of the chisel 10 is then formed by a non-worn chisel tip location.
In the present embodiment, 5 blocking faces 34 which are arranged in a state distributed in a uniform manner with respect to each other are provided on the nut 30. Accordingly, the chisel 10 may also be secured at five mutually rotated locations to the chisel holder 40. It has been found that such an arrangement is particularly advantageous when the chisel 10 is used for the purpose of fine-milling of road surfaces. When rotated by the extent of a blocking face 34, the chisel 10 can then be worn in a manner optimized in terms of wear, wherein at the same time a high surface quality of the milled road surface is retained. When six blocking faces are used, optimized use of the chisel tip 20 in terms of wear is not achieved, as is possible with 5 blocking faces. When four blocking faces are used, there is an excessively high variance in the surface quality when the chisel tip 20 is intended to be used completely. Furthermore, when 5 blocking faces are used, that is to say, an uneven number of blocking faces 34, it is also possible to operate in such a manner that the chisel 10 is always rotated to the extent of two blocking faces 34. In this manner, a continuous uniform wear of the chisel for the purpose of high surface qualities of the milled surface can be achieved.
The chisel shaft 17 of the chisel 10 according to
In place of the projection 44.1, it is also possible to use a ring, for example, a sealing ring, in particular a commercially available O-ring or a copper ring or a similar metal ring. This may be laid in a peripheral groove of the chisel holder 40 in the region of the counter-face 44. With the region thereof which protrudes over the counter-face 44, this sealing ring then engages in the recess 15.1.
As can further be seen in
The chisel holder 40 is inserted with the plug type attachment 48 thereof into a plug type receiving member of a lower portion 50. The chisel holder 40 is supported with respect to the lower portion 50 and is retained in the lower portion 50 with a pressure screw 56 which acts on the plug type attachment 48.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2013 110 676.5 | Sep 2013 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2014/068499 | 9/1/2014 | WO | 00 |