Patent Grant
11388927
Aspects of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for manufacturing filter rods for smoking articles, and, more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for inserting different objects into a filter element for a smoking article, such as a cigarette, with subsequent cleaning of the hardware prior to insertion of further objects into the filter element.
Popular smoking articles, such as cigarettes, have a substantially cylindrical rod shaped structure and include a charge, roll or column of smokable material such as shredded tobacco (e.g., in cut filler form) surrounded by a paper wrapper thereby forming a so-called “smokable rod” or “tobacco rod.” Normally, a cigarette has a cylindrical filter element aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod. Typically, a filter element comprises cellulose acetate tow plasticized using triacetin, and the tow is circumscribed by a paper material known as “plug wrap.” A cigarette can incorporate a filter element having multiple segments, and one of those segments can comprise activated charcoal particles. Typically, the filter element is attached to one end of the tobacco rod using a circumscribing wrapping material known as “tipping paper.” It also has become desirable to perforate the tipping material and plug wrap, in order to provide dilution of drawn mainstream smoke with ambient air. Descriptions of cigarettes and the various components thereof are set forth in Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999). A cigarette is employed by a smoker by lighting one end thereof and burning the tobacco rod. The smoker then receives mainstream smoke into his/her mouth by drawing on the opposite end (e.g., the filter end) of the cigarette.
The sensory attributes of cigarette smoke can be enhanced by applying additives to tobacco and/or by otherwise incorporating flavoring materials into various components of a cigarette. See, Leffingwell et al., Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (1972). For example, one type of tobacco flavoring additive is menthol. See, Borschke, Rec. Adv. Tob. Sci., 19, p. 47-70, 1993. Various proposed methods for modifying the sensory attributes of cigarettes have involved suggestion that filter elements may be used as vehicles for adding flavor to the mainstream smoke of those cigarettes. U.S. Pat. No. 6,761,174 to Jupe et al. proposes the placement of adsorbent and flavor-releasing materials in a cigarette filter. U.S. Pat. No. 6,584,979 to Xue et al. proposes the placement of fibers containing small particle size adsorbents/absorbents in the filter. U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,486 to Dube et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al. propose the placement of a flavor-containing pellet in a cigarette filter. Other representative types of cigarette filters incorporating flavoring agents are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,335 to Tiggelbeck et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,082,098 to Owens, Jr.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,671 to Byrne; U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,391 to Woods et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,829 to Thesing et al.
Cigarettes having adjustable filter elements that allow smokers to select the level of flavor that is available for transfer into mainstream smoke have been proposed. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,995 to Kallianos et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,375 to Patron et al. Some proposed cigarettes may be manipulated, reportedly for the purpose of providing components of their filter elements with the propensity to modify the nature or character of mainstream smoke. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,038 to Homburger; U.S. Pat. No. 3,339,557 to Karalus; U.S. Pat. No. 3,420,242 to Boukar; U.S. Pat. No. 3,508,558 to Seyburn; U.S. Pat. No. 3,513,859 to Carty; U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,665 to Kindgard; U.S. Pat. No. 3,669,128 to Cohen; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,126,141 to Grossman.
Some proposed cigarettes have a hollow object positioned in their filter element, and the contents of that object is reportedly released into the filter element upon rupture of the object in the attempt to alter the nature or character of the mainstream smoke passing through the filter element. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,339,558 to Waterbury; U.S. Pat. No. 3,366,121 to Carty; U.S. Pat. No. 3,390,686 to Irby, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,428,049 to Leake; U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,130 to Harlow et al; U.S. Pat. No. 3,575,1809 to Carty; U.S. Pat. No. 3,602,231 to Dock; U.S. Pat. No. 3,625,228 to Dock; U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,226 to Horsewell et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,521 to Dock; U.S. Pat. No. 3,916,914 to Brooks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,773 to Walker; U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,144 to Tateno et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,085 to Deal; U.S. Pat. No. 7,836,895 to Dube et al; U.S. Pat. No. 9,060,545 to Besso et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,878,962 to Karles et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,578,298 to Karles et al.; U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2006/0144412 to Mishra et al.; and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2006/0112964 to Jupe et al.; and PCT WO 03/009711 to Kim and WO 2007/060543 to Besso et al. Some proposed cigarettes may also have a capsule positioned in the filter element, and the contents of that capsule reportedly released into the filter element upon rupture of the capsule in order to deodorize the filter element after the cigarette is extinguished. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,722 to MacAdam et al.
Commercially marketed “Rivage” brand cigarettes have included a filter possessing a cylindrical plastic container containing water or a liquid flavor solution. Cigarettes representative of the “Rivage” brand cigarettes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,056 to Tamaoki et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,981 to Tamaoki et al., both of which are assigned to Japan Tobacco, Inc. The cylindrical casing within the filter reportedly may be deformed upon the application of external force, and a thin wall portion of the casing is consequently broken so as to permit release of the liquid within the casing into an adjacent portion of that filter.
A cigarette holder has been available under the brand name “Aquafilter.” Cigarette holders representative of the “Aquafilter” brand product are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,797,644 to Shaw; U.S. Pat. No. 4,003,387 to Goldstein; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,153 to Kaye; assigned to Aquafilter Corporation. Those patents propose a disposable cigarette holder into which the mouth end of a cigarette is inserted. Smoke from the cigarette that is drawn through the holder reportedly passes through filter material impregnated with water. A disposable filter adapted to be attachable to the mouth end of a cigarette has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,997 to Smith et al. A flavor-containing capsule contained within the disposable filter reportedly may be squeezed in order to release the flavor within the capsule.
Some smokers might desire a cigarette that is capable of providing, in some instances, selectively, a variety of different flavors, depending upon the smoker's immediate desire. The flavor of such a cigarette might be selected based on the smoker's desire for a particular flavor at that time, or a desire to change flavors during the smoking experience. For example, changing flavors during the smoking experience may enable a smoker to end the cigarette with a breath freshening flavor, such as menthol or spearmint. Accordingly, such a cigarette may be capable of providing distinctive and different pleasurable sensory experiences, for a smoker.
Some smokers might also desire a cigarette that is capable of releasing a deodorizing agent upon completion of a smoking experience. Such agents may be used to ensure that the remaining portion of a smoked cigarette yields a pleasant aroma after the smoker has finished smoking that cigarette. Accordingly, such a cigarette may be capable of releasing a deodorizing agent, as desired by the smoker.
Some smokers might desire a cigarette that is capable of moistening, cooling, or otherwise modifying the nature or character of the mainstream smoke generated by that cigarette. Because certain agents that can be used to interact with smoke are volatile and have the propensity to evaporate over time, the effects of those agents upon the behavior of those cigarettes may require introduction of those agents near commencement of the smoking experience. Accordingly, such a cigarette may be capable of moistening, smoothing or cooling the smoke delivered to a smoker, for that smoker.
A smoker may also appreciate the ability to enhance a sensory aspect of his/her smoking experience, and/or the extent or magnitude of that sensory experience, such as can be accomplished by allowing the smoker to purposefully select a cigarette having certain characteristics or behaviors and, in some instances, by allowing the smoker to determine the magnitude or extent of such characteristics or behaviors that the cigarette exhibits and/or the source thereof. That is, it may be desirable to provide a cigarette possessing components that can be employed so as to allow the smoker to select a cigarette based on an indicated character or nature and, in some instances, allow the smoker to control, whether selectively or not, the nature or character of the mainstream smoke produced by that cigarette, and the source from which it is obtained. In particular, it may be desirable to provide a cigarette that is capable of enhancing the sensory attributes, and the extent or magnitude of such attributes, of the mainstream smoke (e.g., by flavoring that smoke). More particularly, it may be desirable to facilitate the manufacture of such cigarettes incorporating such flavor agents and sources, and the like, in a rapid, highly-automated fashion. It also may be desirable to provide an improved manner of incorporating discrete smoke-altering solid objects such as flavor pellets, flavor capsules, adsorbent/absorbent particles, and/or various combinations thereof, into cigarette filters, in a rapid, highly automated fashion.
In light of the above desirable attributes, a smoker may appreciate one or more visual cues of the sensory enhancements (i.e., characteristic, behavior, the magnitudes thereof and/or combinations thereof) present in a particular cigarette, that are, for example, informative to the smoker in selecting a cigarette, or instructive to the smoker as to accessing the available sensory enhancements.
Commensurately with such desirable characteristics of a smoking article, it is similarly desirable and important for the apparatus and associated method of manufacturing such a smoking article to include provisions for facilitating a precise, consistent, and efficient manufacturing process.
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for forming a rod member used in the manufacture of cigarette filter elements, wherein the apparatus includes an object insertion device configured to insert a plurality of objects into and along the rod member, with the rod member being formed from a continuous supply of a filter material. The object insertion device comprises a rotatable insertion member disposed adjacent to the continuous supply of the filter material and defining a continuous series of object receptacles about a periphery thereof. The insertion member is configured to rotate in a first rotational direction to receive the objects in the object receptacles at a first rotational position and to insert the objects from the receptacles into the rod member at a second rotational position. A cleaning element is disposed adjacent to the rotatable insertion member between the second rotational position and the first rotational position thereof in the first rotational direction. The cleaning element is configured to engage each of the series of object receptacles upon rotation of the insertion member between the second and first rotational positions so as to remove at least some residual material from the object receptacles having the residual material therein prior to the object receptacles receiving another of the plurality of objects at the first rotational position.
The method includes the step of inserting a plurality of objects into and along the rod member using an object insertion device, wherein the rod member is formed from a continuous supply of a filter material, and wherein the object insertion device comprises a rotatable insertion member disposed adjacent to the continuous supply of the filter material and defining a continuous series of object receptacles about a periphery thereof. Inserting the plurality of objects into and along the rod member comprises rotating the insertion member in a first rotational direction to receive the objects in the object receptacles at a first rotational position and to insert the objects from the receptacles into the rod member at a second rotational position. Each of the series of object receptacles is engaged with a cleaning element disposed adjacent to the rotatable insertion member between the second rotational position and the first rotational position thereof in the first rotational direction, upon rotation of the insertion member between the second and first rotational positions, so as to remove at least some residual material from the object receptacles having the residual material therein prior to the object receptacles receiving another of the plurality of objects at the first rotational position.
In some aspects, the apparatus and method may be configured and arranged such that one or more first objects (e.g., rupturable capsules, pellets) and one or more second objects (e.g., rupturable capsules, pellets) are inserted into each rod and disposed along the length of each rod such that, when the rod is subdivided into rod portions, each rod portion includes at least one first object and at least one second object. In particular aspects, the apparatus and method may be configured and arranged such that the first objects are different from the second objects. Aspects of the apparatus incorporate equipment for supplying a continuous supply of filter material to form a continuous filter rod (e.g., a filter tow processing unit adapted to supply filter tow to a continuous rod forming unit). A representative apparatus may also at least partially incorporate, for example, a rotating wheel arrangement such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,262,550 to Barnes et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,972,254 to Stokes et al. In some aspects, the apparatus and method may be configured and arranged such that the first and second objects are supplied in a particular order into the filter material forming the continuous filter rod. A representative apparatus and method may also include a first and second rotatable feeder device for respectively delivering first and second objects to a rotating wheel insertion arrangement for insertion of the first and second objects into the filter material forming the continuous filter rod.
As a result, the filter material is formed into a continuous filter rod, in some aspects having the first and second objects positioned within that rod and along the longitudinal axis thereof. The continuous filter rod then is subdivided at predetermined axial intervals so as to form a plurality of filter rods or filter rod portions, such that each filter rod portion defines a plurality of cigarette filter elements, each having at least one first object and at least one second object therein. Accordingly, the first and second objects are placed within the filter material forming the continuous filter rod, with the first and second objects being appropriately proximal to each other such that a desired combination of at least one first object and at least one second object per filter rod portion may be obtained when the continuous filter rod is subdivided.
Since the rotating wheel insertion arrangement is implemented in a continuous filter rod formation process, it is important for the pockets of the rotating wheel/insertion member to remain free of debris or residue left behind by the objects received within the pockets thereof during the object insertion operation. That is, should a pocket of the rotating wheel/insertion member be clogged or otherwise impeded, or if an object becomes stuck within the pocket, the rotating wheel/insertion member will likely fail to pick up another object within that pocket upon the next cycle. As such, the undesirable result will be missing objects in the continuous filter rod at repeating positions corresponding to the clogged/impeded pocket of the rotating wheel/insertion member. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure implement one or more cleaning elements configured and arranged to engage the rotating wheel/insertion member during the object insertion process, in a continuous and unobtrusive manner, so as to maintain the integrity of the rotating wheel/insertion member in the object insertion process and thereby providing a more reliable and consistent process for reducing or eliminating defects in the formed filter rod caused by damaged or missing objects.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, which are briefly described below. The present disclosure includes any combination of two, three, four, or more features or elements set forth in this disclosure or recited in any one or more of the claims, regardless of whether such features or elements are expressly combined or otherwise recited in a specific aspect description or claim herein. This disclosure is intended to be read holistically such that any separable features or elements of the disclosure, in any of its aspects, should be viewed as intended to be combinable, unless the context of the disclosure clearly dictates otherwise.
Having thus described the disclosure in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
The present disclosure now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all aspects of the disclosure are shown. Indeed, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the aspects set forth herein; rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Cigarette rods are manufactured using a cigarette making machine, such as a conventional automated cigarette rod making machine. Example cigarette rod making machines are of the type commercially available from Molins PLC or Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. For example, cigarette rod making machines of the type known as MkX (commercially available from Molins PLC) or PROTOS (commercially available from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG) can be employed. A description of a PROTOS cigarette making machine is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,190 to Brand, at col. 5, line 48 through col. 8, line 3, which is incorporated herein by reference. Types of equipment suitable for the manufacture of cigarettes also are set forth, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,203 to La Hue; U.S. Pat. No. 4,844,100 to Holznagel; U.S. Pat. No. 5,156,169 to Holmes et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,906 to Myracle, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,647,870 to Blau et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,449 to Kitao et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,917 to Kitao et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,210,486 to Hartmann; U.S. Pat. No. 7,234,471 to Fitzgerald et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,275,548 to Hancock et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,281,540 to Barnes et al.
The components and operation of conventional automated cigarette making machines will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette making machinery design and operation. For example, descriptions of the components and operation of several types of chimneys, tobacco filler supply equipment, suction conveyor systems and garniture systems are set forth, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,147 to Molins et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,915,176 to Heitmann et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,713 to Frank; U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,816 to Rudszinat; U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,754 to Heitmann et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,506 to Pinck et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,665 to Heitmann; U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,823 to Keritsis et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,360,751 to Fagg et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0136419 to Muller. The automated cigarette making machines of the type set forth herein provide a formed continuous cigarette rod or smokable rod that can be subdivided into formed smokable rods of desired lengths.
Filtered cigarettes incorporating filter elements provided from filter rods that are produced in accordance with the present disclosure can be manufactured using traditional types of cigarette making techniques. For example, so-called “six-up” filter rods, “four-up” filter rods and “two-up” filter rods that are of the general format and configuration conventionally used for the manufacture of filtered cigarettes can be handled using conventional-type or suitably modified cigarette rod handling devices, such as tipping devices available as Lab MAX, MAX, MAX S or MAX 80 from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. See, for example, the types of devices set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,600 to Erdmann et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,670 to Heitmann et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,187 to Reuland et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,115 to Vos et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,296,578 to Read, Jr.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,434,585 to Holmes. The operation of those types of devices will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of automated cigarette manufacture.
Cigarette filter rods that are produced in accordance with the present disclosure can be used to provide multi-segment filter rods. Such multi-segment filter rods can be employed for the production of filtered cigarettes possessing multi-segment filter elements. An example of a two-segment filter element is a filter element possessing a first cylindrical segment incorporating activated charcoal particles (e.g., a “dalmation” type of filter segment) at one end, and a second cylindrical segment that is produced from a filter rod produced in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The production of multi-segment filter rods can be carried out using the types of rod-forming units that have been employed to provide multi-segment cigarette filter components. Multi-segment cigarette filter rods can be manufactured using a cigarette filter rod making device available under the brand name Mulfi from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG of Hamburg, Germany.
Various types of cigarette components, including tobacco types, tobacco blends, top dressing and casing materials, blend packing densities; types of paper wrapping materials for tobacco rods, types of tipping materials, and levels of air dilution, can be employed. See, for example, the various representative types of cigarette components, as well as the various cigarette designs, formats, configurations and characteristics, which are set forth, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry, U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,530 to Kraker, U.S. Pat. No. 7,565,818 to Thomas et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,237,559 to Ashcraft et al.; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0066986 to Nestor et al. and 2007/0246055 to Oglesby.
Filter rods can be manufactured pursuant to aspects of the present disclosure using a rod-making apparatus, and an example rod-making apparatus includes a rod-forming unit. Representative rod-forming units are available as KDF-2 and KDF-3E from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG; and as Polaris-ITM Filter Maker from International Tobacco Machinery. Filter material, such as cellulose acetate filamentary tow, typically is processed using a conventional filter tow processing unit. For example, filter tow can be bloomed using bussel jet methodologies or threaded roll methodologies. An example tow processing unit has been commercially available as E-60 supplied by Arjay Equipment Corp., Winston-Salem, N.C. Other example tow processing units have been commercially available as AF-2, AF-3 and AF-4 from Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG. and as Candor-ITM Tow Processor from International Tobacco Machinery. Other types of commercially available tow processing equipment, as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, can be employed. Other types of filter materials, such as gathered paper, nonwoven polypropylene web or gathered strands of shredded web, can be provided using the types of materials, equipment and techniques set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,809 to Pryor et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,025,814 to Raker. In addition, representative manners and methods for operating a filter material supply units and filter-making units are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,671 to Bynre; U.S. Pat. No. 4,850,301 to Green, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,664 to Siems et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,285 to Rivers and U.S. Pat. No. 7,074,170 to Lanier, Jr. et al.
Representative types of filter rods incorporating objects, and representative types of cigarettes possessing filter elements incorporating objects, such as flavor-containing capsules or pellets, can possess the types of components, format and configuration, and can be manufactured using the types of techniques and equipment set forth, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0029118 A1 to Nelson et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,085 to Deal, U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,905 to Green, Jr. et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al.
The filter material 40 can vary, and can be any material of the type that can be employed for providing a tobacco smoke filter for cigarettes. Preferably a traditional cigarette filter material is used, such as cellulose acetate tow, gathered cellulose acetate web, polypropylene tow, gathered cellulose acetate web, gathered paper, strands of reconstituted tobacco, or the like. Especially preferred is filamentary tow such as cellulose acetate, polyolefins such as polypropylene, or the like. One preferred filter material that can provide a suitable filter rod is cellulose acetate tow having 3 denier per filament and 40,000 total denier. As another example, cellulose acetate tow having 3 denier per filament and 35,000 total denier can provide a suitable filter rod. As another example, cellulose acetate tow having 8 denier per filament and 40,000 total denier can provide a suitable filter rod. For further examples, see the types of filter materials set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,424,172 to Neurath; U.S. Pat. No. 4,811,745 to Cohen et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,602 to Hill et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,277 to Takegawa et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,419 to Arzonico et al.
Filamentary tow, such as cellulose acetate, is processed using a conventional filter tow processing unit 218 such as a commercially available E-60 supplied by Arjay Equipment Corp., Winston-Salem, N.C. Other types of commercially available tow processing equipment, as are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, may similarly be used. Normally a plasticizer such as triacetin is applied to the filamentary tow in traditional amounts using known techniques. Other suitable materials for construction of the filter element will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette filter design and manufacture.
The continuous length of filter material 40 is pulled through a block 230 by the action of the rod-forming unit 212, and directed into a gathering region thereof, to form a cylindrical composite. The gathering region can have a tongue and horn configuration, a gathering funnel configuration, stuffer or transport jet configuration, or other suitable type of gathering mechanism. The tongue 232 provides for further gathering, compaction, conversion or formation of the cylindrical composite from block 230 into an essentially cylindrical (i.e., rod-like) shape whereby the continuously extending strands or filaments of the filter material extend essentially along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder so formed. The filter material 40, which has been compressed into the cylindrical composite, is continuously received into the rod-forming unit 212 to form the continuous filter rod 220. In conjunction with the formation of the continuous filter rod 220, the first and second objects may be inserted along the length of and within the web of filter material as that filter material is being formed into the continuous filter rod 220 and/or after the filter material is formed into the continuous filter rod 220 (i.e., at any point along the rod-forming unit 212 (or upstream or downstream thereof). However, the first and second objects may also be introduced into the filter material at other points in the process and this example aspect is not intended to be limiting in that regard. In order to insert the first and second objects into the continuous filter rod, the rod-forming unit 212 may include an element-dividing mechanism (not shown) disposed upstream of the object insertion unit 214. In some instances, the element-dividing mechanism may be the object insertion unit 214 (or portion thereof) itself.
The cylindrical composite is fed into wrapping mechanism 234, which includes endless garniture conveyor belt 236 or other garniture mechanism. The garniture conveyor belt 236 is continuously and longitudinally advanced using an advancing mechanism 238, such as a ribbon wheel or cooperating drum, so as to transport the cylindrical composite through wrapping mechanism 234. The wrapping mechanism provides a strip of wrapping material 45 (e.g., non-porous paper plug wrap) to the outer surface of the cylindrical composite in order to produce a continuous wrapped filter rod 220.
Generally, the strip or web of wrapping material 45 is provided from rotatable bobbin 242. The wrapping material is drawn from the bobbin, is trained over a series of guide rollers, passes under block 230, and enters the wrapping mechanism 234 of the rod-forming unit. The endless garniture conveyor belt 236 transports both the strip of wrapping material and the cylindrical composite in a longitudinally extending manner through the wrapping mechanism 234 while draping or enveloping the wrapping material about the cylindrical composite.
The seam formed by an overlapping marginal portion of wrapping material has adhesive (e.g., hot melt adhesive) applied thereto at applicator region 244 in order that the wrapping material can form a tubular container for the filter material. Alternatively, the hot melt adhesive may be applied directly upstream of the wrapping material's entry into the garniture of the wrapping mechanism 234 or block 230, as the case may be. The adhesive can be cooled using chill bar 246 in order to cause rapid setting of the adhesive. It is understood that various other sealing mechanisms and other types of adhesives can be employed in providing the continuous wrapped rod.
The continuous wrapped rod 220 passes from the sealing mechanism and is subdivided (e.g., severed) at regular intervals at the desired, predetermined length using cutting assembly 222, which may include as a rotary cutter, a highly sharpened knife, or other suitable rod cutting or subdividing mechanism. It is particularly desirable that the cutting assembly does not flatten or otherwise adversely affect the cross-sectional shape of the rod. The rate at which the cutting assembly severs the continuous rod at the desired points is controlled via an adjustable mechanical gear train (not shown), or other suitable mechanism. The rate at which the first and second objects are inserted into the continuous web of filter material/continuous filter rod is in a direct relationship to the speed of operation of the rod-making machine. The object insertion unit 214 can be geared in a direct drive relationship to the drive assembly of the rod-making apparatus. Alternatively, the object insertion unit 214 can have a direct drive motor synchronized with the drive assembly of the rod-forming unit and feedback controlled by coupling with the object inspection mechanism 247 to adjust the insertion unit drive assembly should the object insertion location shift out of position. In light of the relationship of the rate of object insertion and the rod-making machine, aspects of the present disclosure are also directed to increasing the production rate of the rod-making machine without adversely affecting the object placement within the filter material.
Referring to
As the rotatable insertion member 248 rotates in a clock-wise fashion, individual first and second objects (not shown) held within the pockets (not shown) on the peripheral face of the wheel are brought into contact with the filter material 40 within the block 230, where the first and second objects are ejected from the pockets into the gathered filter material 40/filter rod 220 As such, the first and second objects 50, 52 may be discretely or otherwise separately positioned within the filter material 40/filter rod 220 by a single insertion device 100. Details of an example rotatable insertion arrangement are further detailed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al.
Aspects of the present disclosure may implement spacing patterns associated with the rotatable insertion member 248, for particularly distributing discrete first and second objects along the length of the continuous filter rod 220. That is, in one instance, the rotatable insertion member 248 may be configured so as to place particular pairs or other numbers of first and second objects in closer proximity to each other or immediately adjacent to each other to define a particular group of objects. For example, the pockets for those objects may be more closely spaced or the rotatable insertion member 248 may be configured in a different manner so as to, for instance, receive and deliver the groups of first and second objects in a substantially consistent and continuous feed according to the desired pattern. In some instances, the first and second objects may be inserted into the continuous filter rod 220 and along the axis thereof by the insertion device 100 in serially-disposed groups, wherein each successive group may have the first and second objects 50, 52 alternatingly disposed along the longitudinal axis with respect to the previous group. For example, as shown in
Referring to
In some instances, the retaining member 470 may be inserted (
In some instances, the retaining member 470 may also facilitate stacking of the objects (or otherwise the insertion of a plurality of such objects) within the pocket 454. In this regard, the air drawn through the retaining member 470 is of substantial force to maintain multiple objects within the pocket 454, wherein some of such objects may not necessarily be directly adjacent the retaining member 470. The insertable or integral retaining member 470 may be of any suitable shape, size, or configuration which substantially prevents the relatively small objects from entering the channel 474 or blocking the channel inlet 472, while allowing air to be drawn into the channel 474 to maintain the objects within the pocket 454 during rotation of the insertion member 248. For example, the axial cross-section of the pocket 454, and thus the retaining member 470, may be substantially circular (
Since the object insertion unit 214 implementing the insertion device 100 is implemented in a continuous filter rod formation process, it is important for the pockets 454 of the rotatable insertion member 248 to remain free of debris or residue left behind by the objects received within the pockets 454 during the object insertion operation. That is, should a pocket 454 be clogged or otherwise impeded, or if an object becomes stuck within the pocket 454, the rotatable insertion member 248 will likely fail to pick up another object within that pocket 454 upon the next cycle. As such, the undesirable result will be missing objects 50, 52 in the continuous filter rod 220 at repeating positions corresponding to the clogged/impeded pocket 454 of the rotatable insertion member 248.
As such, some aspects of the present disclosure as shown, for example, in
Since debris, residue, or residual material is removed from the object receptacles 454 by the cleaning element 700, a material recovery device 750 may be disposed adjacent to and operably engaged with the cleaning element 700. In such arrangements, the material recovery device 750 is configured to receive the residual material removed from the object receptacles 454 and to channel the residual material away from the rotatable insertion member 248. In one example, as shown in
In other aspects, the function of the cleaning element 700 may be combined and operably engaged, for example, with the previously-disclosed ejection mechanism (i.e., a pressurized air emission device) in communication with the rotatable insertion member 248 and/or the pockets 454 defined thereby, between the second rotational position 670 and the first rotational position 620A, 620B, to help eject the debris/residue from the pockets 454 in conjunction with the action of the cleaning element 700. For example, pressurized air may be applied to each pocket 454, as appropriate and between the second rotational position 670 and the first rotational position 620A, 620B, wherein the pressurized air acts to eject that debris/residue out of the pocket 454 at the desired time (e.g., when the particular pocket 454 is engaged with the cleaning element 700).
In particular aspects of the present disclosure, the cleaning device 700 comprises a longitudinally elongate brush 710 having a leading edge 720 and a trailing edge 740 with respect to the rotatable insertion member 248 rotating in the first rotational direction 650. In some aspects, the leading edge 720 of the brush 710 is secured adjacent to the rotatable insertion member 248 such that the trailing edge 740 extends in the first rotational direction 650. In this manner, the trailing edge 740 of the brush 710 is unsecured adjacent to the rotatable insertion member 248. Accordingly, the brush 710 may be pivotable about the leading edge 710 thereof so as to, for example, allow the brush 710 to more effectively conform to the structure of the object receptacles 454 to remove the debris/residue therefrom. In other instances, the securement of the leading edge 720 of the brush 710 may lock the brush 710 into a fixed attitude relative to the rotatable insertion member 248 (i.e., by securing the leading edge 720, the trailing edge 740 is also fixed and the brush 710 is not pivotable about the leading edge 720).
Referring to
With continuing reference to
The first and second delivery systems 600A, 600B may each further include a respective hopper assembly 252A, 252B and/or other transfer mechanism for feeding or otherwise delivering the first and second objects 50, 52 (such as, for example, capsules and/or pellets, mini-capsules and/or mini-pellets, or combinations thereof) to the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B. In some instances, the insertion unit 214 may include a hopper assembly such as that further detailed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al. That is, each hopper assembly 252 may include an upper hopper that acts as a reservoir for a plurality of first or second objects, and provides for supply of same objects to a lower hopper. Passage of objects from the upper hopper to the lower hopper is promoted by vibrating the objects contained in the upper hopper, as well as (optionally) by employing a movable screening mechanism (e.g., a reciprocating bar possessing vertically extending passageways for object transport). The lower hopper is shaped so that the objects are stacked therein. The objects in the lower hopper are stacked on top of one another, but at a depth (when viewed looking toward the hopper) of a single object. The bottom of the lower hopper is shaped so as to cooperate with a portion of upper region of the respective rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B that is positioned so as to rotate in a vertical plane, and the objects are fed from the lower hopper into pockets or receptacles defined by the peripheral face of that rotatable feeder device. That is, objects within the lower hopper are delivered in single file to the pockets/receptacles defined along a portion of the peripheral face of the upper region of the rotatable feeder device. The details and operation of the multi-portion hopper assembly 252A, 252B/feeder device 610A, 610B are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al., and are not otherwise described in detail herein, but instead are referenced to that patent. The types of equipment, dimensions, operational parameters, and materials of construction hopper assembly/feeder device also find reference in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al.
The feeder devices 610A, 610B and/or the insertion member 248 may be driven by respective pulley and belt assemblies coupled with the main drive assembly of the rod-making apparatus 210. Alternatively, the feeder devices 610A, 610B and/or the insertion member 248 may have independent drive motors synchronized with, or controlled by, the main drive assembly (not shown) of the rod-forming unit 212. Alternatively, feeder devices 610A, 610B and/or the insertion member 248 may be driven using independent drives that are servo-controlled for synchronization. For example, a servo system or drive system may be provided for controlling, aligning, or otherwise enabling operation of the configurations described herein. Such control systems, servo systems, or other drive system may be adapted from the control systems disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al. for driving/operating a single wheel assembly.
Since the first and second delivery systems 600A, 600B, each comprising a rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B defining a continuous series of object receptacles or feeder pockets 612A, 612B about a periphery thereof, are disposed adjacent to the rotatable insertion member 248 and are configured to respectively deliver the first and second objects 50, 52 from the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B to the object receptacles 454 of the rotatable insertion member 248, the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B may also be adversely affected by accumulation in the feeder pockets 612A, 612B of debris/residue from the objects 50, 52. As such, should a feeder pocket 612A, 612B become clogged or otherwise impeded, or if an object becomes stuck within the feeder pocket 612A, 612B, the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B will likely fail to pick up another object 50, 52 within that feeder pocket 612A, 612B upon the next cycle. As such, the undesirable result will be missing objects 50, 52 in the rotatable insertion member 248, which would be further realized as missing objects 50, 52 within the continuous filter rod 220 at repeating positions corresponding to the clogged/impeded feeder pocket(s) 612A, 612B of the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B.
As such, and as shown, for example, in
Since debris, residue, or residual material is removed from the feeder pockets 612A, 612B by the cleaning element 700, a material recovery device 750 may be disposed adjacent to and operably engaged with the cleaning element 700, in a similar manner as that shown with respect to the material recovery device 750 associated with the cleaning element 700 and the rotatable insertion member 248, as shown in
In other aspects, the function of the cleaning element 700 may be combined and operably engaged, for example, with the previously-disclosed positive air pressure mechanism configured and used to eject the objects from the feeder pockets 612A, 612B at the transfer positions 620A, 620B. That is, in some aspects the positive air pressure mechanism may be implemented between the respective second rotational positions 620A, 620B and first rotational positions 605A, 605B of the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B to help eject the debris/residue from the feeder pockets 612A, 612B in conjunction with the action of the cleaning element 700. For example, pressurized air may be applied to each feeder pocket 612A, 612B, as appropriate and between the respective second rotational positions 620A, 620B and first rotational positions 605A, 605B of the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B, wherein the pressurized air acts to eject that debris/residue out of the feeder pocket 612A, 612B at the desired time (e.g., when the particular feeder pocket 612A, 612B is engaged with the cleaning element 700).
In particular aspects of the present disclosure, the cleaning device 700 associated with the rotatable feeder devices 610A, 610B comprises a longitudinally elongate brush 710 having a leading edge 720 and a trailing edge 740 with respect to the respective rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B rotating in the second rotational direction 660. In some aspects, the leading edge 720 of the brush 710 is secured adjacent to the respective rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B such that the trailing edge 740 extends in the second rotational direction 660. In this manner, the trailing edge 740 of the brush 710 is unsecured adjacent to the respective rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B. Accordingly, the brush 710 may be pivotable about the leading edge 710 thereof so as to, for example, allow the brush 710 to more effectively conform to the structure of the feeder pocket 612A, 612B to remove the debris/residue therefrom. In other instances, the securement of the leading edge 720 of the brush 710 may lock the brush 710 into a fixed attitude relative to the respective rotatable feeder device 610A, 610B (i.e., by securing the leading edge 720, the trailing edge 740 is also fixed and the brush 710 is not pivotable about the leading edge 720).
Referring to
An inspection/detection system 247 may be located near the cutting assembly. The detection system, such as an infrared detection system, relays information regarding the detection of a first and second object within the filter rod to the control system 290. Typically, the first and second objects within the filter rod are of a contrasting shade or color to be detected by visual detection sensors in the detection system 247. In other instances, the inspection/detection system 247 may be appropriately modified so as to be capable of detecting/inspecting various first and second objects. For example, the inspection/detection system 247 may be configured to detect/inspect a capsule, a pellet, or any multiples or combinations thereof. Such an inspection/detection system 247 is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al.
The rod-making apparatus optionally can be equipped with a system adapted to provide information associated with rod production and operation event analysis. For example, a rod-making apparatus, such as a commercially available KDF-2 type of unit, can be adapted so as to be equipped with a central processing unit. A representative central processing unit is available as a Siemens 314-C processor. The central processing unit is equipped with input and output modules. As such, the operation of the rod-making unit can be monitored, and data so generated can be transferred to the central processing unit. In addition, data received by the central processing unit can be presented on a video touch screen or retrieved by a high level operating system (e.g., via an Ethernet). A remote unit such as Siemens IM-153 equipped with inputs, outputs and a counter module available as Siemens FM350-2 installed in sending unit collects data provided to the central processing unit using a bus system (e.g., Profibus). Depending upon information gathered, data that can be generated may relate to number of rods manufactured during a particular time frame, machine operating speed, manufacturing efficiency, number of stops, filters sent to a making machine and stoppage reasons.
Referring to
Referring to
One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the rod-making apparatus 210 may optionally include more than one such block 230 and insertion unit 214 assembly, where such a plurality of assemblies may be, for example, disposed in series. In other instances, a single block 230 may be configured with more than one such insertion unit 214. For example, where each insertion member 248 of the insertion units 214 has a diameter of between about 135 mm and about 140 mm, a pair of insertion members 248 may be mounted with respect to a single block 230 with about 150 mm center-to-center spacing. In instances of more than one insertion device 214 (i.e., more than one block/insertion unit assembly or more than one insertion member per single block), the rod-making apparatus 210 may be configured to place a mixed plurality of first and second objects 50, 52 (i.e., various combinations of first and second objects such as, for example, capsules or pellets, mini-capsules or mini-pellets, or combinations thereof) into the filter material 40/filter rod 220, with each of the object-insertion devices 214 handling or capable of handling various types of objects. In some instances, the block/insertion member assemblies (multiple assemblies) or the insertion members (single block/multiple insertion members) may also be modularly configured or otherwise optional such that the number of object-insertion devices 214 may be varied as necessary or desirable. In order to accomplish the desired configuration of first and second object insertion, the plurality of object-insertion devices 214 may be coordinated and/or synchronized in various manners, such as by timing, sensing, or any other suitable scheme.
Preferred types of first and second objects and the dimensions thereof are set forth below. The objects can vary. Each object may possess a generally spherical shape, and most preferably is highly spherical in nature. Some objects can be generally solid in nature. Some objects can be composed of a plastic material; and each can be, for example, a solid spherical bead composed of a mixture of polyethylene and flavor, or a spherical bead having the form of exchange resin or gel. Some objects can be composed of an inorganic material; and can be for example, a spherical alumina bead. The objects also can each have the form of a spherical bead composed of a carbonaceous material. The objects also can each have the form of a hollow sphere. Typical hollow objects are liquid-containing objects, such as breakable capsules, which are highly spherical, are uniform in size and weight, have surface properties that allow such objects to be processed efficiently and effectively using automated filter making equipment, and are highly uniform in composition. Some objects have diameters of about 3 mm to about 4 mm, preferably about 3.5 mm, and the components of the preferred filter rod-making equipment of the present disclosure are suitably adapted or designed to efficiently and effectively produce filter rods incorporating those types of objects. Preferred hollow objects have sufficient physical integrity to not rupture during handling and insertion thereof into the filter material.
Other types of objects, beads, capsules and capsule components that can be employed for the production of filter rods using the foregoing filter rod manufacturing techniques and equipment are of the type set forth, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,521 to Dock; U.S. Pat. No. 3,916,914 to Brooks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,144 to Tateno et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,722 to MacAdam et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,836,895 to Dube et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 03/009711 to Kim. Tobacco products can incorporate those types of components set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 7,793,665 to Dube et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 8,408,216 to Luan et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,878,962 to Karles et al.; US Patent Publication No. 2006/0144412 to Mishra et al.; PCT WO 2006/136197; PCT WO 2006/136199; PCT WO 2007/010407; PCT WO 2007/060543; U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,085 to Deal; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,098 to Thomas et al.; as well as within filtered cigarettes that have been marketed under the tradename “Camel Lights with Menthol Boost” and “Camel Crush” by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Example pelletized carrier materials and flavor packages are of the type employed in cigarettes that have been marketed commercially in the USA. For example, flavor-carrying pellets have been incorporated into cigarette filters employed on Camel brand cigarettes under the tradenames Mandalay Lime, Mandarin Mint, Breach Breezer, Back Ally Blend, Snakeyes Scotch, Izmir Stinger, Kauai Kolada, Midnight Madness, Aegean Spice, Screwdriver Slots, Twist, Twista Lime, Dark Mint and Blackjack Gin; Kool brand cigarettes under the tradenames Flow and Groove; and Salem brand cigarettes under the tradename Deep Freeze; all of which have been marketed by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.
Referring to
According to other aspects of the present disclosure, as illustrated in
Referring to
The wrapping material 20 of the tobacco rod 15 can have a wide range of compositions and properties. The selection of a particular wrapping material will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design and manufacture. Tobacco rods can have one layer of wrapping material; or tobacco rods can have more than one layer of circumscribing wrapping material, such as is the case for the so-called “double wrap” tobacco rods. Example types of wrapping materials, wrapping material components and treated wrapping materials are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry; U.S. Pat. No. 7,275,548 to Hancock et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,281,540 to Barnes et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 2004/057986 to Hancock et al.; and PCT Application Pub. No. WO 2004/047572 to Ashcraft et al.
At one end of the tobacco rod 15 is the lighting end 28, and at the other end is positioned a filter element 30. The filter element 30 positioned adjacent one end of the tobacco rod 15 such that the filter element and tobacco rod are axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another. Filter element 30 may have a generally cylindrical shape, and the diameter thereof may be essentially equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod. The ends of the filter element permit the passage of air and smoke therethrough. The filter element 30 includes filter material 40 (e.g., cellulose acetate tow impregnated with triacetin plasticizer) that is over-wrapped along the longitudinally extending surface thereof with circumscribing plug wrap material 45. That is, the filter element 30 is circumscribed along its outer circumference or longitudinal periphery by a layer of plug wrap 45, and each end is open to expose the filter material 40.
Within the filter element 30 is positioned at least one first object 50 and at least one different second object 52 (the first and second objects including, for example, capsules, pellets). The number of each of the first and second objects within each filter element, most preferably is a pre-determined number, and that number can be 1, 2, 3, or more (i.e., at least one). Most preferably, in some aspects, each filter element contains a single one of each of a first and second object 50, 52 disposed within the filter material 40 of the filter element, in some instances, particularly towards the central region of the filter element. Most preferably, the nature of the filter material 40 is such that the first and second objects 50, 52 are secured or lodged in place within the filter element 30. In some instances, some of the at least one first and/or second objects 50, 52 (or pluralities thereof) may be hollow, such as a breakable capsule, that may carry a payload incorporating a compound that is intended to introduce some change to the nature or character of mainstream smoke drawn through that filter element (e.g., a flavoring agent). That is, the shell of some hollow first and/or second objects 50, 52 may be ruptured at the discretion of the smoker to release the object payload. Alternatively, some first and second objects 50, 52 may be a solid, porous material with a high surface area capable of altering the smoke and/or air drawn through the filter element. Some first and second objects may be a solid material, such as a polyethylene bead, acting as a substrate or matrix support for a flavoring agent. Some preferred first and second objects are capable of releasing the agent at the command of the user. For example, a preferred breakable hollow object containing a liquid payload is resistant to the release of the payload until the time that the smoker applies a purposeful application of physical force sufficient to rupture the hollow object. Typically, a filter material, such as cellulose acetate tow, is generally absorbent of liquid materials of the type that comprise the payload, and hence the released payload components are capable of undergoing wicking (or otherwise experiencing movement or transfer) throughout the filter element. Since at least one first and second object is included in each filter element, the filter element may include combinations of various types of objects, as appropriate or desired.
The filter element 30 is attached to the tobacco rod 15 using tipping material 58 (e.g., essentially air impermeable tipping paper), that circumscribes both the entire length of the filter element 30 and an adjacent region of the tobacco rod 15. The inner surface of the tipping material 58 is fixedly secured to the outer surface of the plug wrap 45 and the outer surface of the wrapping material 20 of the tobacco rod, using a suitable adhesive; and hence, the filter element and the tobacco rod are connected to one another.
The tipping material 58 connecting the filter element 30 to the tobacco rod 15 can have indicia (not shown) printed thereon. For example, a band on the filter end of a cigarette (not shown) can visually indicate to a smoker the general locations or positions of the first and second objects 50, 52 within the filter element 30. These indicia may help the smoker to locate some first and second objects 50, 52 so that they can, for example, be more easily ruptured by squeezing the filter element 30 directly outside the position of any such rupturable object. The indicia on the tipping material 58 may also indicate the nature of the payload carried by each object. For example, the indicia may indicate that the particular payload is a spearmint flavoring by having a particular color, shape, or design. If desired, the inner surface (i.e., the surface facing the plug wrap) of the tipping material can be coated with a material that can act to retard the propensity of rupturable object contents from migration, wicking or bleeding from the filter material 40 into the tipping material, and hence causing what might be perceived as unsightly visible staining of the tipping material. Such a coating can be provided using a suitable film-forming agent (e.g., ethylcellulose, or a so-called lip release coating composition of the type commonly employed for cigarette manufacture).
A ventilated or air diluted smoking article can be provided with an optional air dilution means, such as a series of perforations 62, each of which extend through the tipping material and plug wrap. The optional perforations 62 can be made by various techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as laser perforation techniques. As these techniques are carried out after insertion of any first and second objects 50, 52 into the filter element 30, care is taken to avoid damaging the objects during the formation of the perforations 62. One way to avoid damage from air dilution techniques, such as those employing laser perforation technologies, involves locating the perforations at a position adjacent to the positions of the first and second objects 50, 52. In such a manner, radiation, heat or physical forces acting upon the filter element during perforation processes do not have such a great propensity to damage the objects. Alternatively, so-called off-line air dilution techniques can be used (e.g., through the use of porous paper plug wrap and pre-perforated tipping paper). The perforated region can be positioned upstream of any object, or the perforated region can be positioned downstream of any object (i.e., towards the extreme mouth-end of the filter element).
The plug wrap 45 can vary. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,719 to Martin. Typically, the plug wrap is a porous or non-porous paper material. Plug wrap materials are commercially available. Example plug wrap papers are available from Schweitzer-Maudit International as Porowrap Plug Wrap 17-M1, 33-M1, 45-M1, 65-M9, 95-M9, 150-M4, 260-M4 and 260-M4T. Preferred plug wrap materials are non-porous in nature. Non-porous plug wraps exhibit porosities of less than about 10 CORESTA units, and preferably less than about 5 CORESTA units. Example non-porous plug wrap papers are available as Ref. No. 646 Grade from Olsany Facility (OP Paprina) of the Czech Republic (Trierendberg Holding). Plug wrap paper can be coated, particularly on the surface that faces the filter material, with a layer of a film-forming material. Such a coating can be provided using a suitable polymeric film-forming agent (e.g., ethylcellulose, ethylcellulose mixed with calcium carbonate, or a so-called lip release coating composition of the type commonly employed for cigarette manufacture). Alternatively, a plastic film (e.g., a polypropylene film) can be used as a plug wrap material. For example, non-porous polypropylene materials that are available as ZNA-20 and ZNA-25 from Treofan Germany GmbH & Co. KG can be employed as plug wrap materials.
The use of non-porous plug wrap materials is desirable in order to avoid the contents of rupturable objects within filter elements from causing what might be perceived as unsightly visible staining of the tipping material 58. For example, highly non-porous plug wrap materials can act to retard or block the propensity of liquid contents of the rupturable objects from migration, wicking or bleeding from the filter material 40 into the tipping material. The plug wrap is typically applied about the rod in a garniture region, downstream of the gathering region.
Tobacco materials 16 useful for carrying out the present disclosure can vary. Tobacco materials can be derived from various types of tobacco, such as flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco, Oriental tobacco or Maryland tobacco, dark tobacco, dark-fired tobacco and Rustica tobaccos, as well as other rare or specialty tobaccos, or blends thereof. Descriptions of various types of tobaccos, growing practices, harvesting practices and curing practices are set for in Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999). Most preferably, the tobaccos are those that have been appropriately cured and aged.
Typically, tobacco materials for cigarette manufacture are used in a so called “blended” form. For example, certain popular tobacco blends, commonly referred to as “American blends,” comprise mixtures of flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco and Oriental tobacco. Such blends, in many cases, contain tobacco materials that have a processed form, such as processed tobacco stems (e.g., cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems), volume expanded tobacco (e.g., puffed tobacco, such as dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET), preferably in cut filler form). Tobacco materials also can have the form of reconstituted tobaccos (e.g., reconstituted tobaccos manufactured using paper-making type or cast sheet type processes). The precise amount of each type of tobacco within a tobacco blend used for the manufacture of a particular cigarette brand varies from brand to brand. See, for example, Tobacco Encyclopedia, Voges (Ed.) p. 44-45 (1984), Browne, The Design of Cigarettes, 3rd Ed., p. 43 (1990) and Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) p. 346 (1999). Other representative tobacco types and types of tobacco blends also are set forth, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,224 to Lawson et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,888 to Perfetti et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,537 to Brown et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry; U.S. Pat. No. 5,360,023 to Blakley et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,701,936 to Shafer et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,205,066 to Lawson et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,240,678 to Crooks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 7,836,895 to Dube et al.; U.S. Pat. Application Pub. Nos. 2004/0255965 to Perfetti et al. and 2005/0066986 to Nestor et al.; PCT Application Pub. No. WO 02/37990; and Bombick et al., Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 39, p. 11-17 (1997).
Tobacco materials typically are used in forms, and in manners, that are traditional for the manufacture of smoking articles, such as cigarettes. The tobacco normally is used in cut filler form (e.g., shreds or strands of tobacco filler cut into widths of about 1/10 inch to about 1/60 inch, preferably about 1/20 inch to about 1/35 inch, and in lengths of about ¼ inch to about 3 inches). The amount of tobacco filler normally used within the tobacco rod of a cigarette ranges from about 0.6 g to about 1 g. The tobacco filler normally is employed so as to fill the tobacco rod at a packing density of about 100 mg/cm3 to about 300 mg/cm3, and often about 150 mg/cm3 to about 275 mg/cm3.
If desired, the tobacco materials of the tobacco rod can further include other components. Other components include casing materials (e.g., sugars, glycerin, cocoa and licorice) and top dressing materials (e.g., flavoring materials, such as menthol). The selection of particular casing and top dressing components is dependent upon factors such as the sensory characteristics that are desired, and the selection of those components will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design and manufacture. See, Gutcho, Tobacco Flavoring Substances and Methods, Noyes Data Corp. (1972) and Leffingwell et al., Tobacco Flavoring for Smoking Products (1972).
The dimensions of a representative cigarette 10 can vary. Preferred cigarettes are rod shaped, and can have diameters of about 7.5 mm (e.g., circumferences of about 22.5 mm to about 25 mm); and can have total lengths of about 80 mm to about 100 mm. The length of the filter element 30 can vary. Typical filter elements can have lengths of about 20 mm to about 40 mm. In one preferred aspect, the length of the filter element 30 is about 27 mm, and the length of the tobacco rod 15 is about 56 mm to about 57 mm. In another aspect, the length of the filter element is about 31 mm, and the length of the tobacco rod is about 67 mm to about 68 mm. The tipping paper 58 can circumscribe the entire filter element and about 4 mm of the length of the tobacco rod in the region adjacent to the filter element.
Preferred cigarettes made according to the method of the present disclosure exhibit desirable resistance to draw, whether or not any hollow objects within their filter elements are broken. For example, an example cigarette exhibits a pressure drop of between about 50 mm and about 200 mm water pressure drop at 17.5 cc/sec. air flow. Preferred cigarettes exhibit pressure drop values of between about 70 mm and about 180 mm, more preferably between about 80 mm to about 150 mm water pressure drop at 17.5 cc/sec. air flow. Typically, pressure drop values of cigarettes are measured using a Filtrona Filter Test Station (CTS Series) available from Filtrona Instruments and Automation Ltd.
In use, the smoker lights the lighting end 28 of the cigarette 10 and draws smoke into his/her mouth through the filter element 30 at the opposite end of the cigarette. The smoker can smoke all or a portion of the cigarette with the first and second objects 50, 52 intact. During the portion of the smoking experience that any objects 50, 52 remain intact, smoke generated in the tobacco rod 15 is drawn to the smoker through the filter material 40 of the filter element. Most preferably, the overall character or nature of the drawn smoke is virtually unaffected to any significant degree as a result of the presence of the intact object(s) within the filter element, unless particular objects are configured to be activated by or otherwise affect the drawn smoke. If desired, the smoker may rupture any or all of the rupturable first and/or second objects 50, 52 at any time before, during, or even after, the smoking experience. Breakage of any rupturable object acts to release the contents that are contained and sealed therewithin. Release of the contents of any rupturable object into the filter element thus enables the smoker to achieve the intended benefit of action of certain of those contents, whether that benefit results from flavoring or scenting the smoke, cooling or moistening the smoke, freshening the scent of the cigarette butt, or achieving some other goal associated with modifying the overall composition of the smoke or altering the performance characteristics of the cigarette. That is, in highly preferred aspects, the contents of any rupturable object are not released into the filter element until the particular object is purposefully physically broken; but when a rupturable object is ruptured, a portion of component contained within the rupturable object (e.g., portions of a flavoring agent) that is consequently released into the filter element is incorporated into each subsequent puff of mainstream smoke that is received through that filter element. In this manner, any rupturable object can be ruptured by the smoker at their discretion. Multiple flavors or scents in or otherwise associated with the individual objects allows for different taste in each puff of the cigarette, or an increased amplitude of sensory response in each puff may be experienced by the smoker, if the flavor is the same in all objects. In some instances, relatively small objects may be incorporated in each filter element, due to the different manners in, and the different extent to, which the sensory responses may be affected when smoking the cigarette.
During use of the cigarette, application of physical pressure to any of the rupturable first and/or second objects 50, 52, for example by a squeezing action provided by the fingers of the smoker to the filter element 30, causes relevant region of the filter element to deform and hence causes a particular rupturable object or objects to rupture and release the respective payload to the filter material 40 of the filter element. The rupture of any rupturable first and/or second object 50, 52 can be discerned by an audible pop or snap, the feel of a crushing or shattering of the rupturable object, or the sense of a rapid decrease in the resistance to the pressure applied by the smoker. Rupture of a rupturable object causes contents of its payload to disperse throughout portions of the filter material 40, and potentially to some extent into the tobacco rod 15. Most preferably, the filter element into which the first and second objects are placed and maintained is such that the filter element effectively maintains its overall shape during the manufacture, storage and use of the cigarette. Most preferably, the filter element is sufficiently flexible such that the overall cylindrical shape of the filter element returns to essentially its original shape after the application of pressure to the filter element is ceased. That is, the filter element possesses sufficient flexibility to allow squeezing pressure applied by the fingers of the smoker to break a rupturable object, and sufficient resilience to allow the deformed filter element to return to its original shape.
Many modifications and other aspects of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific aspects disclosed and that modifications and other aspects are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
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