CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR RECEIVING OPTICAL SIGNALS

Abstract

In order to further develop a circuit arrangement (CR; CR′) for receiving optical signals (SI) from at least one optical guide (GU), said circuit arrangement (CR; CR′) comprising: at least one light-receiving component (PD) for converting the optical signals (SI) into electrical current signals (IPD),at least one transimpedance amplifier (TA), being provided with the electrical current signals (IPD) from the light-receiving component (PD),at least one automatic gain controller (AG) for controlling the gain or transimpedance (R) of the transimpedance amplifier (TA),at least one integrator (IN) in a feedback path (FP), said integrator (IN) generating a control signal (Vint),at least one voltage-controlled current source (CS), being provided with the control signal (Vint) from the integrator (IN),at least one limiter (LI) acting as a comparator and generating in its output a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input,and a corresponding method in such a way that a multilevel optical link can be provided,at least one second transimpedance amplifier (TA2) arranged in parallel to the transimpedance amplifier (TA), andat least one automatic offset controller (AO) for setting the voltage (Voffset) for the second transimpedance amplifier (TA2)are proposed.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention basically relates to the technical field of optical transmission of signals.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for receiving optical signals as well as to a corresponding method.

Within the scope of the present invention, the term optical or light is understood not only as the range of electromagnetic radiation visible to the eye, extending in a wavelength range from about 380 nanometers to about 780 nanometers (which corresponds to a frequency of about 789 terahertz down to about 385 terahertz).

Rather, the term light or light-emitting is understood as the entire electromagnetic wavelength or frequency spectrum, including the spectrum not visible to the eye, in particular the I[nfra]R[ed] range (wavelength range up to about 2,000 nanometers or frequency range down to about 150 terahertz), for example a wavelength of about 850 nanometers or a frequency of about 350 terahertz.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A typical optical communication system (cf. FIG. 1: typical optical link; FIG. 2: typical optical link signalling) comprises three components:

• • a light-emitting element LD, for example a laser diode, together with its driver DR, which converts the electrical data logic levels to optical power logic levels;
  • a light guide GU, for example a fibre, which carries the light; and
  • a light-receiving element PD, for example a photodetector, such as a photodiode, together with a transimpedance amplifier TA, which senses the light at the end of the light guide GU and converts the light back to an electrical signal.

Such a system typically transmits two-level electrical data pattern V_{in-data-digital} and recovers a replica two-level electrical data pattern V_{out-data-digital} at the receiver side. Light (optical) power levels P₁ and P₀ (cf. FIG. 2) injected into the light guide GU correspond to each electrical level V_HIGH and V_LOW. It follows that, at the receiver side, two different light power levels arrive at the input of the light-receiving element PD. These two different light power levels generate two different current levels, namely I₁ and I₀.

The current signal I_PD generated at the light-receiving element PD has to be converted to a voltage signal. The current generated by the light-receiving element PD is converted to voltage by the transimpedance amplifier TA, wherein V_{out-data-analog}=R*I_in-main, with R being the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier TA.

An integrator IN in the feedback path FP generates a control signal V_int in order to subtract the average input current coming from the light-receiving element PD. This is done in order to generate the zero crossing in the input of a limiter LI. The limiter LI acts as a comparator which generates in its output a V_HIGH (V_LOW) logic level for positive (negative) voltages in its input. The automatic gain control block AG controls the transimpedance amplifier gain R in order to keep the amplitude V_{out-data-analog} to a desired level (for example constant) for different I_PD current levels that might occur as input to the transimpedance amplifier TA.

In case another low speed signal is to be transmitted from the transmitter side to the receiver side, a status change in the transmitter side could be transmitted to the receiver side. This could be for example a change from EIOS (Electrical Idle Ordered Set—a type of data link layer packet) state to EIEOS (Electric Idle Exit Ordered Set) state in the PCI Express standard.

Another optical link could be dedicated to the new signal. However, this is very costly because extra components and extra power is required. Also in some cases, dedicating a complete extra optical link might not be an option at all.

If the slow speed signal is transmitted over the same optical link, which means that the high-speed signals and the low-speed signals share the same optical components (physical medium), a third optical power level P₂ different from P₁ and from P₀ is to be transmitted in order to be able to distinguish between the two signals, making a multi-level signalling necessary.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Starting from the above-explained disadvantages and technical problems as well as taking the outlined prior art into account, the object of the present invention is to further develop a circuit arrangement of the above-mentioned type and a method of the above-mentioned type in such way that a multilevel optical link can be provided.

This object is achieved by a circuit arrangement according to the present invention with the herein described features and by a method according to the present invention with the herein described features. Advantageous embodiments and expedient further developments of the present invention are characterized in the respective sub-claims.

This object is achieved by a circuit arrangement for receiving optical signals from at least one optical guide, said circuit arrangement comprising:

• • at least one light-receiving component for converting the optical signals into electrical current signals,
  • at least one transimpedance amplifier, being provided with the electrical current signals from the light-receiving component,
  • at least one automatic gain controller for controlling the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier, in particular in order to keep the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier to a desired, for example constant, level for different levels of the electrical current signals,
  • at least one integrator in a feedback path, said integrator generating a control signal,
  • at least one voltage-controlled current source, being provided with the control signal from the integrator,
  • at least one limiter acting as a comparator and generating in its output a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input,
  • at least one second transimpedance amplifier arranged in parallel to the transimpedance amplifier, and
  • at least one automatic offset controller for setting the voltage for the second transimpedance amplifier.

This object is achieved by a method for receiving optical signals from at least one optical guide, said method comprising the steps of:

• • converting the optical signals into electrical current signals by means of at least one light-receiving component;
  • provided the electrical current signals from the light-receiving component to at least one transimpedance amplifier;
  • controlling the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier by means of at least one automatic gain controller, in particular in order to keep the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier to a desired, for example constant, level for different levels of the electrical current signals;
  • generating a control signal by means of at least one integrator in a feedback path;
  • providing the control signal from the integrator to at least one voltage-controlled current source;
  • generating in the output of at least one limiter a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input; and
  • setting the voltage for at least one second transimpedance amplifier by means of at least one automatic offset controller, said second transimpedance amplifier being arranged in parallel to the transimpedance amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein at least one second limiter is assigned to the second transimpedance amplifier and to the automatic offset controller.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the second transimpedance amplifier

• • corresponds to the transimpedance amplifier, or
  • is a scaled version of the transimpedance amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the automatic gain controller sets the same gain or same transimpedance for both the transimpedance amplifier and the second transimpedance amplifier by sensing the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein at least one peak detector circuit is provided for sensing the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the peak detector circuit is part of the automatic gain control or is shared between the automatic gain controller and the automatic offset controller.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier is provided to the input of the automatic offset controller.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the transimpedance amplifier is at least one multi-stage amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the second transimpedance amplifier is at least one multi-stage amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein a short is arranged between the output node of the first stage of the transimpedance amplifier and the output node of the first stage of the second transimpedance amplifier.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the light-receiving component is at least one photodetector, in particular at least one photodiode.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the optical guide is at least one fibre.

This object is further achieved by an embodiment according to the present invention wherein the end of the optical guide, which is not assigned to the light-receiving component, is assigned to at least one light-emitting component, which is preceded by at least one driver for converting electrical data logic levels into the optical signals.

The above-disclosed circuit arrangement may work according to the above-disclosed method.

The present invention finally relates to the use of at least one circuit arrangement according to the type presented hereinbefore and/or of the method according to the type presented hereinbefore for the optical transmission of data signals and of status signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

As has already been discussed hereinbefore, there are various possibilities for embodying and further developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand reference is made to the explanations above and to the dependent claims, and on the other hand further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention are explained in greater detail hereinafter, inter alia by way of the exemplary embodiments illustrated by FIG. 3 to FIG. 5.

It is shown in:

FIG. 1 in a schematic diagram an example of a circuit arrangement according to the prior art operating according to the method of the prior art;

FIG. 2 in a comparative diagram an example of the prior art signalling of the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 in a schematic diagram a first exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention;

FIG. 4 in a comparative diagram an exemplary embodiment of the signalling of the circuit arrangement of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 5 in a schematic diagram a second exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention.

Like or similar embodiments, elements or features are provided with identical reference numerals in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, the following explanations regarding the embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention—unless specified otherwise—relate both

• • to the first exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement CR shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and
  • to the second exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement CR′ shown in FIG. 5.

A typical optical communication system (cf. FIG. 1: typical optical link; FIG. 2: typical optical link signalling) has been explained above in the chapter “Background of the present invention”. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, these explanations in the chapter “Background of the present invention” are incorporated by reference in the present chapter “Best mode of embodying the present invention” with regard to the present invention; in particular,

• • the explanations in the chapter “Background of the present invention” with regard to FIG. 1 are incorporated by reference in the present chapter “Best mode of embodying the present invention” with regard to FIG. 3 and/or to FIG. 5, and
  • the explanations in the chapter “Background of the present invention” with regard to FIG. 2 are incorporated by reference in the present chapter “Best mode of embodying the present invention” with regard to FIG. 4.

According to the present invention and compared to the typical optical link as shown in FIG. 1, a signal V_{in-status-digital} is inputted on the transmitter side. V_{in-status-digital} is a slow signal comprising short pulses widely spaced-in-time. The transition rate of V_{in-status-digital} is significantly low compared to the transition rate of V_{in-data-digital}.

V_{in-status-digital}, together with the high speed signal V_{in-data-digital}, modulates the transmitted optical signal as shown in the signal listing in FIG. 4 (=optical link signalling according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention). The optical power P₂ is chosen to be higher than P₁, such that the received currents I₂ and I₁ fulfill the relation I₂≧2*I₁.

The second transimpedance amplifier TA2 can be a copy of the transimpedance amplifier TA, or the second transimpedance amplifier TA2 can be an exactly scaled version of the transimpedance amplifier TA. The automatic gain control block AG sets the same gain or same transimpedance R for both the transimpedance amplifier TA and the second transimpedance amplifier TA2 by sensing only the V_{out-data-analog} amplitude with of a peak detector circuit, which can be part of the automatic gain control AG or can be shared between the automatic gain control AG and an automatic offset control AO.

The automatic offset control AO sets the voltage V_offset for the second transimpedance amplifier TA2; for example, V_offset can be R*(I₁−I₀)/2. The value of V_offset is independent of I₂, and the information about its value is extracted only from V_{out-data-analog}. For example, V_offset=R*(I₁−I₀)/2 is achieved by setting V_offset double the amplitude.

Again the amplitude V_{out-data-analog} can be measured with a peak detector circuit. The peak detector circuit can be part of the automatic offset control AO or can be shared between the automatic offset control AO and the automatic gain control AG. To close the feed-back loop for the V_offset control, V_{out-status-analog} is used as the feedback signal for the automatic offset control block AO because the V_{out-status-analog} average value is −V_offset. The averaging circuit is part of the automatic offset control block AO.

As to the link operation, during an initial phase, only the high speed V_{in-data-digital} signal is transmitted. The V_{in-status-digital} signal is kept low during this phase. Also, during this initial phase, the automatic gain control AG and the automatic offset control AO outputs settle to their final value. The time constant of these two loops is significantly lower than the time distance between the two consecutive pulses on the V_{in-status-digital} signal.

Only after this first initial phase the V_{in-status-digital} signal can be transmitted. When the V_{in-status-digital} signal is low, the V_{out-data-digital} signal follows the V_{in-data-digital} signal. When the V_{in-status-digital} signal is high, the optical power transmitted is always P₂, independently of the value of the V_{in-data-digital} signal. As a consequence, V_{out-data-digital} will be high independently of the value of V_{in-data-digital}. The V_{out-status-digital}, as desired, goes high as well.

As to an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio on the receiver side, in case and the second transimpedance amplifier TA2 are multistage amplifiers, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a short between the output nodes of the first stage of the first transimpedance amplifier TA and of the first stage of the second transimpedance amplifier TA2 can be provided, as depicted in FIG. 5.

Such shorting does not have any effect on the desired signal. Only the total noise power drops compared to a non-shorted version. Hence an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved in the receiver.

By means of the above-proposed arrangement as well as method, the slow speed signal can be reliably transmitted by sharing the same physical optical link and using multilevel signalling.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

• AG automatic gain controller or automatic transimpedance controller
• AO automatic offset controller
• CR circuit arrangement (=first embodiment; cf. FIG. 3)
• CR′ circuit arrangement (=second embodiment; cf. FIG. 5)
• CS current source, in particular voltage-controlled current source
• DR driver
• FP feedback path
• GND reference potential, in particular earth potential or ground potential or zero potential
• GU optical guide, in particular fibre
• IN integrator
• I_DC input of current source CS
• I_in-main input of transimpedance amplifier TA
• I_in-rep input of second transimpedance amplifier TA2
• I_PD electrical current signal
• LD light-emitting component, in particular laser diode
• LI limiter, in particular first limiter
• LI2 second limiter
• PD light-receiving component, in particular photodetector, for example photodiode
• R gain of transimpedance amplifier TA or transimpedance of transimpedance amplifier TA
• SH short
• SI optical signal
• TA transimpedance amplifier, in particular first transimpedance amplifier
• TA2 second transimpedance amplifier
• V_{in-data-digital} input, in particular data input, of driver DR
• V_{in-status-digital} input, in particular status input, of driver DR
• V_int control signal or output of integrator IN
• V_offset voltage for second transimpedance amplifier TA2
• V_{out-data-analog} output of transimpedance amplifier TA
• V_{out-data-digital} output of limiter LI
• V_{out-status-analog} output of second transimpedance amplifier TA2
• V_{out-status-digital} output of second limiter LI2
• 1S first stage of transimpedance amplifier TA
• 1S2 first stage of second transimpedance amplifier TA2
• 2S further or second stage of transimpedance amplifier TA
• 2S2 further or second stage of second transimpedance amplifier TA2

While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, it is understood that it is capable of further modifications, and uses and/or adaptations of the invention and following in general the principle of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within the known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains, and as may be applied to the central features hereinbefore set forth, and fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A circuit arrangement for receiving optical signals from at least one optical guide, said circuit arrangement comprising: at least one light-receiving component for converting the optical signals into electrical current signals,at least one transimpedance amplifier, being provided with the electrical current signals from the light-receiving component,at least one automatic gain controller for controlling the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier,at least one integrator in a feedback path, said integrator generating a control signal,at least one voltage-controlled current source, being provided with the control signal from the integrator,at least one limiter acting as a comparator and generating in its output a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input,at least one second transimpedance amplifier arranged in parallel to the transimpedance amplifier, andat least one automatic offset controller for setting the voltage for the second transimpedance amplifier.

2. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising at least one second limiter being assigned to the second transimpedance amplifier and to the automatic offset controller.

3. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second transimpedance amplifier corresponds to the transimpedance amplifier, oris a scaled version of the transimpedance amplifier.

4. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the automatic gain controller sets the same gain or same transimpedance for both the transimpedance amplifier and the second transimpedance amplifier by sensing the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier.

5. The circuit arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier is provided to the input of the automatic offset controller.

6. The circuit arrangement according to claim 4, further comprising at least one peak detector circuit for sensing the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier.

7. The circuit arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier is provided to the input of the automatic offset controller.

8. The circuit arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the peak detector circuit is part of the automatic gain control or is shared between the automatic gain controller and the automatic offset controller.

9. The circuit arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier is provided to the input of the automatic offset controller.

10. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the transimpedance amplifier is at least one multi-stage amplifier.

11. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein a short is arranged between the output node of the first stage of the transimpedance amplifier and the output node of the first stage of the second transimpedance amplifier.

12. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second transimpedance amplifier is at least one multi-stage amplifier.

13. The circuit arrangement according to claim 12, wherein a short is arranged between the output node of the first stage of the transimpedance amplifier and the output node of the first stage of the second transimpedance amplifier.

14. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the light-receiving component is at least one photodetector.

15. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the optical guide is at least one fibre.

16. The circuit arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the end of the optical guide, which is not assigned to the light-receiving component, is assigned to at least one light-emitting component, which is preceded by at least one driver for converting electrical data logic levels into the optical signals.

17. Method for receiving optical signals from at least one optical guide, comprising the steps of: converting the optical signals into electrical current signals by means of at least one light-receiving component;provided the electrical current signals from the light-receiving component to at least one transimpedance amplifier;controlling the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier by means of at least one automatic gain controller;generating a control signal by means of at least one integrator in a feedback path;providing the control signal from the integrator to at least one voltage-controlled current source;generating in the output of at least one limiter a logic level for positive or negative voltages in its input; andsetting the voltage for at least one second transimpedance amplifier by means of at least one automatic offset controller, said second transimpedance amplifier being arranged in parallel to the transimpedance amplifier.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the gain or transimpedance of the transimpedance amplifier is controlled in order to keep the amplitude of the output of the transimpedance amplifier to a desired level for different levels of the electrical current signals.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the desired level is a constant level.

20. Use of at least one circuit arrangement according to claim 1 for the optical transmission of data signals and of status signals.