Patent Application
20230130741
The present invention relates to a circuit-integrated antenna mounted on an integrated circuit such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit.
In a device for wireless communication such as a cellular phone, features such as large capacity, small size, and portability are strongly demanded. In order to implement these features, widening of the band of each of a radio-frequency electronic circuit (hereinafter referred to as an RF circuit) functioning as a radio-frequency (RF) front end portion of a device for wireless communication provided in a terminal and an antenna (this leads to an increase in data rate), and a reduction in the size of each of the RF circuit and the antenna are important.
In general, the bandwidth of the RF front end is determined by the operating bandwidths of radio-frequency components such as an analog circuit including an amplifier or a frequency converter which is a constituent element of the RF front end, and an antenna. With regard to the operating bandwidths of the radio-frequency components, when it is assumed that a ratio to a center frequency of an operating band (referred to as a fractional bandwidth) is constant (this assumption usually holds: NPL 1), it is possible to increase the bandwidth in proportion to a carrier wave frequency by making the carrier wave frequency higher. In addition, when the carrier wave frequency is made higher, the wavelength of a wireless signal becomes shorter, and hence it is also possible to reduce the size of a component part including an impedance element (a quarter-wave line or the like) which is determined by the analog circuit or the wavelength of the antenna. Consequently, as means for responding to needs such as an increase in the data rate of the device for wireless communication and a reduction in the size of the device for wireless communication, making the carrier wave frequency higher is an effective method.
From these points of view, in recent years, a study of a high-speed/small-sized wireless communication device which uses superhigh frequencies such as millimeter waves and THz waves is actively conducted. A problem which arises when the millimeter waves or the THz waves are used is a connection portion between the radio-frequency circuit and the antenna. In a superhigh frequency band which exceeds 300 GHz, when a method which is used in a low frequency band such as wire bonding or a flip chip is applied to the connection portion, a large connection loss occurs due to inductance caused by the physical length of the connection portion. The use of an antenna integrated with the radio-frequency circuit (on-chip antenna: NPL 2) can eliminate the connection portion between the radio-frequency circuit and the antenna, and hence the use thereof is effective at reducing the loss in the superhigh frequency band. In addition, the antenna is produced by a semiconductor integration process, and hence, in general, the antenna is small in size and contributes to a reduction in the size of a wireless communication device.
Examples of the representative configuration of the on-chip antenna include a patch antenna and a slot antenna. The operating principles of these antennas are basically similar to those of a dipole antenna, and an electric field is radiated by forming standing wave distributions of voltage and current on an antenna conductor pattern. The structure of each of the antennas is simple, and hence it is easy to manufacture the antenna. However, a resonance phenomenon by the standing wave formation is used, and hence the antenna exhibits characteristics of a narrow band determined by a Q-factor of the resonance in general. On the other hand, an example of an antenna having a wide band and relatively high directivity includes a Vivaldi antenna. However, the structure of the antenna, which corresponds to about a wavelength, is large, a scheme such as multi-layering is necessary when beam forming is performed, and, therefore, the antenna is not suitable from the viewpoint of one-chip mounting.
[NPL 1] G. Hau, T. B. Nishimura, and N. Iwata, “High Efficiency, Wide Dynamic Range Variable Gain and Power Amplifier MMICs for Wide-Band CDMA Handsets”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 11, pp. 13-15, January 2001
[NPL 2] X. D. Deng, Y. Li, C. Liu, W. Wu, and Y. Z. Xiong, “340 GHz On-Chip 3-D Antenna With 10 dBi Gain and 80% Radiation Efficiency”, IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol, Vol. 5, pp. 619-627, July 2015
[NPL 3] C. kai and S. J. Chung, “A Compact Edge-Fed Filtering Microstrip Antenna with 0, 2 db Equal-Ripple Response”, in Proc. 39th Eur. Microw. Conf. (EuMC 2009), Rome, Italy, pp. 378-380, October 2009.
However, in such a conventional structure, directivity is low and practical radiation efficiency of radiation power in a specific reception direction from input is low, and hence a problem arises in that a transmission distance is reduced. In addition, the conventional structure is a resonance system having a single frequency, and hence frequency characteristics of radiation are characteristics having a peak at the single frequency, and a problem arises in that it is difficult to secure the bandwidth and increase transmission speed. Even in the case where the on-chip antenna having a wide band is designed as a solution method, it is necessary to include a plurality of resonance structures, and hence a problem arises in that an element size is increased and it is difficult to arrange elements in an array.
Embodiments of the present invention solve such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a circuit-integrated antenna capable of achieving a reduction in the size of the antenna, increases in directivity and gain, and widening of a band in radiation characteristics at the same time.
In order to attain the above object, a circuit-integrated antenna according to embodiments of the present invention is a circuit-integrated antenna mounted on a substrate which constitutes an integrated circuit, the circuit-integrated antenna including: a patch conductor which is formed on a surface of a substrate and radiates a fed electromagnetic field; a feeder line which is formed on the surface of the substrate and feeds an input electromagnetic field to the patch conductor; two slits which are formed so as to extend toward an inner side of the patch conductor on both sides of a connection portion between the patch conductor and the feeder line, and are parallel to the feeder line; and a pair of stub conductors which are formed on the surface of the substrate and are provided so as to protrude from both sides of the feeder line, wherein the pair of stub conductors are symmetrically disposed to have the feeder line between the pair of stub conductors so as to surround an outer periphery of the patch conductor and be spaced from the patch conductor with a first gap positioned between the pair of stub conductors and the patch conductor.
According to embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the reduction in the size of the antenna, the increases in directivity and gain, and the widening of the band in the radiation characteristics at the same time.
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, with reference to
The circuit-integrated antenna 10 according to embodiments of the present invention is an antenna which is formed by common semiconductor process technique on a substrate B of a dielectric material constituting an integrated circuit such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (hereinafter referred to as an MMIC). In the following description, the circuit-integrated antenna 10 is sometimes referred to as an on-chip antenna.
As shown in
The feeder line 11 is a transmission line which is constituted, as a whole, by a microstrip line such as a CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) and is used for feeding a radio-frequency electromagnetic field input from the outside to the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B. In the following description, for facilitating the description, on the surface P, a direction in which the feeder line ii extends (a left-and-right direction relative to a paper sheet) is referred to as a direction Y, and a direction orthogonal to the direction Y (an up-and-down direction relative to the paper sheet) is referred to as a direction X.
The patch conductor 12 is an antenna element (radiating element) which is constituted by a conductor which has an entire outer shape formed into a substantially square shape when viewed in a plan view, and radiates the electromagnetic field fed from the feeder line 11. In the patch conductor 12, the feeder line 11 is connected to a connection portion 12B positioned at the center of a side 12A of the patch conductor 12.
In the vicinity of the connection portion 12B of the patch conductor 12, two slits 15A and 15B which are parallel to each other along the direction Y may be formed so as to extend toward an inner area of the patch conductor 12 from both ends of the gap 14. Each of two end portions of the gap 14 is formed so as to be connected to one end portion of each of the slits 15A and 15B. Each of the slits 15A and 15B has a length shorter than a width of the patch conductor 12 in the direction Y.
The stub conductors 13A and 13B are two stubs which are provided so as to protrude to both sides from the feeder line 11 in the vicinity of the connection portion 12B at which the feeder line 11 is connected to the patch conductor 12. Each of the stub conductors 13A and 13B is formed into a strip shape having a constant width so as to surround an outer periphery of the patch conductor 12 and be spaced from the patch conductor 12 with the gap 14 positioned between each of the stub conductors 13A and 13B and the patch conductor 12. A pair of the stub conductors 13A and 13b have shapes which are symmetric with respect to a center line extending along the direction Y which passes through the center of the patch conductor 12, and are symmetrically disposed at symmetric positions. One ends of the pair of the stub conductors 13A and 13B are connected to the feeder line 11 in the vicinity of the connection portion 12B, and the other ends of the pair of the stub conductors 13A and 13B are disposed so as to face each other with a gap 13C (second gap) positioned between the other ends thereof on the side of a side 12C opposite to the side 12A of the patch conductor 12.
In the following description, a description will be made by using, as an example, the case where the feeder line 11 is formed linearly, but the feeder line 11 is not limited thereto, and a bent portion, a curved portion, and further, a stub may also be provided in the feeder line 11. In addition, the description will be made by using, as an example, the case where the outside shape of each of the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B is a substantially square shape, but the outside shape thereof is not limited thereto, and the outside shape thereof may also be other shapes such as a substantially rectangular shape and a substantially circular shape. Further, the description will be made by using, as an example, the case where the inside shape of the stub conductors 13A and 13B is a substantially square shape, but the inside shape thereof is not limited thereto, and the inside shape thereof may also be a shape which conforms to the outer shape of the patch conductor 12 such that the width of the gap 14 becomes constant. Note that the width of the gap 14 does not need to be constant over the entire circumference (entire length), and an electric field strength distribution of the patch conductor 12 may be adjusted by changing the width of each of portions.
In addition, the description will be made by using, as an example, the case where a substrate made of a compound semiconductor of InP (Indium Phosphide) or the like is used as the substrate B, but the substrate B is not limited thereto, and a common dielectric substrate used in a radio-frequency circuit may also be used. Further, the description will be made by using, as an example, the case where a thin film of gold (Au) is used as a thin film conductor of each of the feeder line 11, the patch conductor 12, and the stub conductors 13A and 13B, but the thin film conductor is not limited thereto, and a common metal thin film conductor used in the radio-frequency circuit may also be used.
In an example of a multilayer structure in
On the other hand, on a bottom surface R of the substrate B, at least in an area facing the feeder line 11, the patch conductor 12, and the stub conductors 13A and 13B, a ground plane GND is formed. In the following description, the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B are sometimes collectively referred to as an antenna portion ANT.
As shown in
Next, with reference to
In addition,
In
In addition, as shown in
On the other hand, as shown in
The feeder line 51 is a transmission line which is constituted, as a whole, by the microstrip line such as the CPW and is used for feeding the radio-frequency electromagnetic field input from the outside to the patch conductor 52.
The patch conductor 52 is an antenna element (radiating element) which is constituted by a conductor which has an entire outer shape formed into a substantially square shape when viewed in a plan view, and radiates the electromagnetic field fed from the feeder line 11. In the patch conductor 52, two slits 55A and 55B which are parallel to each other along the direction Y are formed so as to extend toward an inner area of the patch conductor 12 in the vicinity of a connection portion of the feeder line 51. The multilayer structure of the patch antenna is similar to that in
In
Further, as shown in
In addition, as shown in
From these, it can be seen that, in the circuit-integrated antenna 10 according to the present embodiment, the band is widened and the gain is increased in radiation characteristics as compared with those of the conventional patch antenna 50. The circuit-integrated antenna 10 according to the present embodiment can be implemented with a size smaller than a half wavelength, and hence, by arranging the circuit-integrated antennas 10 in an array, the gain is significantly increased as compared with the case where the conventional patch antenna 50 is used.
In addition,
Thus, in the present embodiment, the stub conductors 13A and 13B are disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the patch conductor 12 and be spaced from the patch conductor 12 with the gap 14 positioned between the stub conductors 13A and 13B and the patch conductor 12. With this, it is possible to form the electric capacity between the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B, i.e., in the gap 14, and it becomes possible to widen the band and increase the gain in radiation characteristics of the circuit-integrated antenna 10. Consequently, it is possible to increase the directivity and the gain of the on-chip antenna, and hence it becomes possible to perform wireless communication with a longer distance. In addition, wide-band radiation characteristics are obtained, and hence the capacity of wireless communication in a millimeter wave band/a terahertz band in the entire system is expected to be increased by an increase in the amount of information which can be transmitted. From the viewpoint of chip design, it is possible to reduce the size of an antenna and improve the gain and the radiation efficiency in a wide band without changing the original configuration of the antenna by providing the patch.
In addition, in the circuit-integrated antenna 10 according to the present embodiment, when impedance matching with the feeder line 11 is performed, it is possible to perform adjustment by using the sizes of the stub conductors 13A and 13B and the gap 14 in addition to the sizes of the slits 15A and 15B. Consequently, in the design process of the circuit-integrated antenna 10, it is possible to obtain high flexibility in the control of center frequency, bandwidth, directivity, gain, and the like. At this point, an antenna element having high directivity can alleviate a problem such as electromagnetic field coupling between the elements, and hence it is possible to significantly increase gain improvement effect of a single element according to the number of elements. In addition, it is possible to make an element interval shorter than that of the conventional patch antenna, and a reduction in size and an improvement in beam controllability are expected to be achieved.
With this, implementation with a size smaller than a half wavelength is allowed, and hence an array patch antenna in which a plurality of the antenna portions ANT each of which is constituted by the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B is arranged in an array on the same substrate B may be configured. By arranging the antenna portions ANT in the array, it becomes possible to significantly increase the gain as compared with the case where a single patch antenna is used.
In addition, by arranging the antenna portions ANT in the array, it is possible to automatically control a radiation direction by beam forming while having the gain equal to or higher than that of a conventional wide-band antenna designed with a wavelength size such as a Vivaldi antenna. For example, in the case where ultra-high-speed wireless communication in a band of 300 GHz is assumed to be performed, a slight displacement of a transmission/reception position significantly influences an SN ratio, and hence, by constantly optimizing the SN ratio by finely adjusting a beam angle, it becomes possible to perform high-bit-rate wireless transmission in a state in which a modulation level is large.
Further, in the case where the stub patch antennas of the present embodiment are arranged in the array, it is possible to reduce inter-element coupling by concentrating the electric field in the electric capacity formed between the stub and the patch and trapping the electric field therein, and obtain the gain close to the theoretical limit value of the gain derived from an array factor.
Next, with reference to
In the circuit-integrated antenna 20 according to the present embodiment, an upper patch conductor 16 is provided above the antenna portion ANT in the circuit-integrated antenna 10 in
That is, as shown in
According to this structure, a radio wave radiated from the antenna portion ANT serving as a lower layer is coupled to the upper patch conductor 16 serving as an upper layer, and the direction of the radio wave in a frequency band having low directivity is corrected.
Accordingly, the upper patch conductor 16 has the function of increasing the gain in an adjacent frequency band and smoothing radiation characteristics while retaining the maximum gain. In addition, the electric field is concentrated in an area between the layer of the antenna portion ANT and the layer of the upper patch conductor 16, whereby it becomes possible to make the size of the structure smaller than that of the stub patch antenna in
Next, with reference to
The analysis conditions related to the circuit-integrated antenna 20 according to the present embodiment are similar to those of the circuit-integrated antenna without the upper patch conductor shown in
Further, with regard to the antenna size of the circuit-integrated antenna 20 according to the present embodiment, the size of the entire antenna portion ANT is reduced by about 17% as compared with the that shown in each of
In addition,
Thus, in the present embodiment, the upper patch conductor 16 having substantially the same shape as the outer shape of the stub conductors 13A and 13B is provided above the antenna portion ANT constituted by the patch conductor 12 and the stub conductors 13A and 13B.
With this, it is possible to not only widen the bandwidth of the circuit-integrated antenna 20 at the input reflection coefficient S11 of −10.0 dB but also improve the gain and the radiation efficiency in the corresponding frequency band, and it is possible to achieve a reduction in size and improvements in the gain and the radiation efficiency in the corresponding frequency band at the same time.
The present invention has been described thus far with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The configuration and details of the present invention can be altered in various manners which can be understood by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined and implemented without inconsistency.
This application is a national phase entry of PCT Application No. PCT/JP2020/017022, filed on Apr. 20, 2020, which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2020/017022 | 4/20/2020 | WO |
