This invention discloses a backup system to provide telephone service for a subscriber in a wideband communications link layer interface between various digital networks and new wideband local loop systems connecting subscribers. More particularly it relates to such a system in which such local loops employ metal conductors as the medium for such wideband local loops.
As deregulation of the telephone industry continues and as companies prepare to enter the local telephone access market, there is a need to offer new and innovative services that distinguish common carriers from their competitors. This cannot be accomplished without introducing new local access network architectures that will be able to support these new and innovative services.
Conventionally, customer premises telephone and/or data connections contain splitters for separating analog voice calls from other data services such as Ethernet transported over digital subscriber line (DSL) modems. Voice band data and voice signals are sent through a communications switch in a central or local office to an interexchange carrier or Internet service provider. DSL data is sent through a digital subscriber loop asynchronous mode (DSLAM) switch which may include a router. The DSLAM switch connects many lines and routes the digital data to a telephone company's digital switch.
A major problem with this configuration is that interexchange carriers attempting to penetrate the local telephone company's territory must lease trunk lines from the local telephone company switch to the interexchange company's network for digital traffic. Furthermore, the Internet service provider must lease a modem from the local phone company in the DSLAM switch and route its data through the local phone company's digital switch. Thus, the local phone company leases and/or provides a significant amount of equipment, driving up the cost of entry for any other company trying to provide local telephone services and making it difficult for the interexchange companies to differentiate their services. Furthermore, since DSL modem technology is not standardized, in order to ensure compatibility, the DSL modem provided by the local telephone company must also be provided to the end user in the customer premises equipment (CPE). Additionally, since the network is not completely controlled by the interexchange companies, it is difficult to for the interexchange companies to provide data at committed rates. Any performance improvements implemented by the interexchange companies may not be realized by their customers, because the capabilities of the local telephone company equipment may or may not meet their performance needs. Thus, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to convince potential customers to switch to their equipment or to use their services. These factors ensure the continued market presence of the local telephone company.
As part of this system, there is a need for improved architectures, services and equipment utilized to allow the interexchange companies to offer more products and services to customers. DSL technology, one type of communication system that can use conventional twisted pair wiring, for which a large infrastructure is in place, holds the promise of providing high bandwidth communication into any telephone subscriber's home or business. However, such high throughput subscriber links require properly functioning systems at both ends of the subscriber link. The possibility of a power outage or equipment failure is always present. The prior art does not adequately address the problem of providing backup service for such high speed links.
In order to provide an improved network, it is desirable for the interexchange companies to have access to at least one of the twisted-pair lines connecting each of the individual users to the local telephone network before the lines are routed through the conventional local telephone network equipment. It is preferable to have access to these lines prior to the splitter and modem technology offered by the local service providers. By having access to the twisted-pair wires entering the customer's premises, interexchange companies can offer better services by providing higher bandwidth, improving the capabilities of the customer premises equipment, and lowering overall system costs to the customer by enhancing competition between local exchange carriers and interexchange carriers.
The new architecture may utilize a video phone and/or other devices to provide new services to an end user; an intelligent services director (ISD) disposed near the customer's premises for multiplexing and coordinating many digital services onto a single twisted-pair line; a facilities management platform (FMP) disposed in the local telephone network's central office for routing data to an appropriate interexchange company network; and a network server platform (NSP) coupled to the FMP for providing new and innovative services to the customer and for distinguishing services provided by the interexchange companies from those services provided by the local telephone network.
As part of this system, one aspect of the invention provides a so-called FMP which provides a link between the local loop to the customer premises ISD (which may also be located remotely from the customer premises) and the interexchange company network.
Briefly, in summary, a subscriber link to a central office which employs data compression, forward error correction, and advanced modulation techniques and to connect subscribers to multiple communications networks to provide an array of services. A device provides normal telephone service in the event of an equipment failure. At the subscriber end, a server called an intelligent services director (ISD) provides multiple independent connections for telephones which ordinarily connect to multiple access virtual circuits generated on the subscriber link over a twisted pair. A device called a facilities management platform (FMP) at the central office end of the link among other things, provides interfacing of the subscriber link to various networks including a digital subscriber loop (DLC) and packet switched networks. Ordinarily telephones connected to the ISD require power and correctly functioning modems and controllers in the ISD and the FMP to have access to the outside world. A fail-safe mechanism, however allows at least one chosen phone to function in the event of a failure. The chosen phone must be capable of pulse or DTMF dialing. The connection through which it operate can be switched directly to the twisted pair media connecting to the FMP. At the FMP, the twisted pair is switched to tie the connection directly to a line card of the DLC.
The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.
In the drawing,
The following description provides an overview of how the primary subject of this application, a life-line support, fits into an overall network architecture. Referring to
The FMP 32 may process data and/or analog/digitized voice between customer premise equipment (CPE) 10 and any number of networks. For example, the FMP 32 may be interconnected with a synchronous optical network (SONET) 42 for interconnection to any number of additional networks such as an InterSpan backbone 48, the PSTN 46, a public switch switching network (e.g. call setup SS7-type network 44), and/or a network server platform (NSP) 36. Alternatively, the FMP 32 may be directly connected to any of these networks. One or more FMPs 32 may be connected directly to the high speed backbone network (e.g., direct fiber connection with the SONET network 42) or they may be linked via a trunk line (e.g., trunks 40 or 42) to one or more additional networks. FMP 32 may also interconnect with other FMP 32 units to limit traffic on other network facilities for calls destined for nearby FMPs 32. Moreover, calls between two subscribers linked to the same FMP 32 may communicate through the FMP 32 without being linked to any of the other network facilities. In addition, the FMP 32 may provide internal caching to limit the burden on the external network facilities. For example, a movie might be cached during certain time of the day if one particular movie is being requested by many subscribers at around the same time.
Although the possibly massive demands of a cache for user data may make it economically unfeasible to cache data such as movies, the FMP 32 would, preferably, have an internal memory or other data storage that would contain information about each subscriber to which it is linked. For example, a subscriber may not subscribe to all the services the FMP 32 makes available. For example, one subscriber might want its calls, where possible, handled by the interexchange carrier by directly routing them through one of the digital networks (e.g., ATM) owned by the interexchange carrier or other owner of the FMP 32. Another subscriber may prefer to go through the local phone company through the modified DLC 87 for at least some calls depending on the pricing and features offered by the competing carriers. This data is preferably stored on such an internal storage at the FM 32. Such data could be updated by the NSP 46 as required. Storing such data, aside from saving bandwidth of external networks, will also speed the handling of calls.
The NSP 36 may provide a massive cache storage for various information that may be provided across the SONET net 42 to the FMP 32 and out to the ISD 22. The NSP 36 and the FMP 32 may collectively define an access network server complex 38. The NSP 36 may be interconnected with multiple FMP's 32. Furthermore, each FMP 32 may interconnect with one or more ISDs 22. The NSP 36 may be located anywhere but is preferably located in a point-of-presence facility. The NSP 36 may further act as a gateway to, for example, any number of additional services. The major tasks of the NSP 46 is to handle connection management, act as an application launcher and provide operation administration maintenance & provisioning.
The ISD 22 may be interconnected to various devices such as a videophone 130, other digital phones 18, set-top devices, computers, and/or other devices comprising the customer premise equipment 10. The customer premise equipment 10 may individually or collectively serve as a local network computer at the customer site. Applets may be downloaded from the NSP 36 into some or all of the individual devices within the customer premise equipment 10. Where applets are provided by the NSP 36, the programming of the applets may be updated such that the applets are be continually configured to the latest software version by the interexchange carrier. In this way, the CPE 10 may be kept up to date by simply re-loading updated applets. In addition, certain applets may be resident on any of the CPE 10. These resident applets may be periodically reinitialized by simply sending a request from, for example, a digital phone 18 and/or a videophone 130 to the FMP 32 and thereafter to the NSP 36 for reinitialization and downloading of new applets. To ensure wide spread availability of the new features made possible by the present architecture, the customer premise equipment may be provided to end users either at a subsidized cost or given away for free, with the cost of the equipment being amortized over the services sold to the user through the equipment.
Referring to
The ISD 22 may be located within the home/business or mounted exterior to the home/business. The ISD 22 may operate from electrical power supplied by the local or central office 34 and/or from the customer's power supplied by the customer's power company. Where 74 the ISD 22 includes a modem, it may be desirable to power the ISD 22 with supplemental power from the home in order to provide sufficient power to enable the optimal operation of the modem.
As shown in
The ISD 22 may be variously configured to provide any number of suitable services. For example, the ISD 22 may offer high fidelity radio channels by allowing the user to select a particular channel and obtaining a digitized radio channel from a remote location and outputting the digital audio, for example, on audio interface 122, video phone 130, and/or digital phones 121. A digital telephone may be connected to the audio interface 122 such that a user may select any one of a number of digital radio channels by simply having the user push a channel button on the telephone and have the speaker phone output particular channels. The telephone may be preprogrammed to provide the radio channels at a particular time, such as a wake up call for bedroom mounted telephone, or elsewhere in the house. The user may select any number of services on the video phone and/or other user interface such as a cable set-top device. These services may include any number of suitable services such as weather, headlines in the news, stock quotes, neighborhood community services information, ticket information, restaurant information, service directories (e.g., yellow pages), call conferencing, billing systems. mailing systems, coupons, advertisements, maps, classes, Internet, pay-per-view (PPV), and/or other services using any suitable user interface such as the audio interface 122, the video phone/user interface 130, digital phones, 121 and/or another suitable device such as a settop 131.
In further embodiments, the ISD 22 may be configured as an IP proxy server such that each of the devices connected to the server utilize transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) protocol. This configuration allows any device associated with the ISD 22 to access the Internet via an IP connection through the FMP 32. Where the ISD 22 is configured as an IP proxy server, it may accommodate additional devices that do not support the TCP/IP protocol. In this embodiment, the ISD 22 may have a proprietary or conventional interface connecting the ISD 22 to any associated device such as to the set top box 131, the personal computer 14, the video telephone 130, the digital telephone 18, and/or some other end user device.
In still further embodiments, the ISD 22 may be compatible with multicast broadcast services where multicast information is broadcast by a central location and/or other server on one of the networks connected to the FMP 32, e.g., an ATM-switched network. The ISD 22 may download the multicast information via the FP 32 to any of the devices connected to the ISD 22. The ISD 22 and/or CPE 10 devices may selectively filter the information in accordance with a specific customer user's preferences. For example, one user may select all country music broadcasts on a particular day while another user may select financial information. The ISD 22 and/or any of the CPE 10 devices may also be programmed to store information representing users' preferences and/or the received uni-cast or multicast information in memory or other storage media for later replay. Thus, for example, video clips or movies may be multicast to all customers in the community with certain users being preconfigured to select the desired video clip/movie in real time for immediate viewing and/or into storage for later viewing.
Referring to
When the videophone 130 is used as a video telephone, the display 141 may include one or more video window(s) 160 for viewing a person to whom a user is speaking and/or showing the picture seen by the person on the other end of the video phone. The display may also include a dialed-telephone-number window 161 for displaying the phone number dialed, a virtual keypad 162, virtual buttons 163 for performing various telephone functions, service directory icons 165, a mail icon 164, and/or various other service icons 166 which may be used, for example, for obtaining coupons or connecting with an operator. Any or all of these items may be displayed as virtual buttons and/or graphic icons and may be arranged in any combination. Additionally, any number of other display features may be shown on the video phone in accordance with one or more of the applications incorporated by reference below.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the FMP 32 may include an access module 70 and a digital loop carrier 87. The access module 70 may include a line protector 71, a cross-connector 73, a plurality of TVRC modems 80, a plurality of digital filters 82, a controller multiplexer 84, and/or a router and facilities interface 86. The digital loop carrier 87 may include a plurality of line cards 96, a time domain multiplexing (TDM) multiplexer (MUX) 88, a TDM bus 90, a controller 92, and/or a facilities interface 94.
During normal operations, digital signals on the subscriber lines 30 (e.g., twisted-pair lines) containing both voice and data may be received by the TVRC modems 80 via the line protector 71 and the cross-connector 73. Preferably, the line protector 71 includes lightning blocks for grounding power surges due to lightning or other stray voltage surges. The TVRC modems 80 may send the digital voice and/or data signals to the controller multiplexer 84 and the digital filters 82. The digital filters 82 may separate the voice signals from the digital data signals, and the controller multiplexer 84 may then multiplex the voice signals and/or data signals received from the digital filters 82. The controller multiplexer 84 may then send multiplexed voice signals to the TDM MUX 88 and the data signals to the router and facilities interface 8640 for transmission to one or more external networks. The TDM MUX 88 may multiplex the voice signals from the controller multiplexer 84 and/or send the voice signals to the TDM bus 90, which may then send the digital voice signals to the controller 92 and then to the facilities interface 94 for transmission to one or more external networks. Alternatively, voice data may be repackaged by controller & multiplexer 84 for application directly to any of various digital networks without going through modified DLC 87. Both the router and facilities interface 86 and the facilities interface 94 may convert between electrical signals and optical signals when a fiber optic link is utilized.
When there is a failure of the digital data link (e.g., if there is a failure of the TVRC modems 80 at the FMP 32 or the TVRC modem 114 at the ISD 22), only analog voice signals might be sent over the subscriber lines 30. In such a case, the analog voice signals may be directly routed to the line cards 96, bypassing the TVRC modems 80, the digital filters 82, the controller multiplexer 84, and the TDM MUX 88. Thus, voice communication is ensured despite a failure of the digital data link. The line cards 96 may convert the analog voice signals into digital format (e.g., TDM format) and send the digitized voice data onto the TDM bus 90 and eventually through the controller 92 and the facilities interface 94 for transmission to one or more external networks.
Referring to
Referring again to
FMP 32 receives digital data over a twisted pair connection (preferred, but could be any other medium) which terminates at a line protection block 71. In an embodiment, the FMP 32 supports DSL communication with the ISD 22. The termination to which twisted pair wiring connects the ISD 22 with the FMP 32 is responsible for terminating the DSL link. This includes providing Borscht as well as DSL modem functions.
During normal operation the Facilities Termination subsystem Is responsible for providing over-voltage protection. This is the same as in a convention wire termination. In addition, the FMP 32 includes DSL modems or TVRC modems 80 to convert analog symbols to digital data and vice versa. These techniques are described In the literature and applications incorporated by reference in the present application.
Another function of the FMP 32 is to provide in-service testing/monitoring of the ISD facility. This aspect stems from the fact that the FMP 32 stands in the shoes of the DLC it supplements.
On the network side of the modems, data must be framed before being modulated to be transmit over the DSL link. Other preparations include encoding for forward error correction (for data not suited to retransmission such as voice data) and interleaving (to reduce drastic effects of impulsive noise or fading).
The final output of the termination/modem subsystem is a stream of DSL frames containing higher-layer protocol data. In the CPE-to-network direction. The controller & multiplexer 84 processes the DSL frames it receives from the Facilities Termination subsystem to terminate any link layers associated with the DSL segment of the connection, (in an embodiment) re-construct (e.g. IPv6) packets from the DSL frames, and separate (IP) packets containing voice, data, and signaling (call-routing or data routing) information.
In an embodiment of the invention, for purposes of transmitting voice data directly from an external digital network (as opposed to through modified DLC 87) data containing voice (for example, in voice-packets) are delivered by the controller & multiplexer 84 to a packet-to-circuit translation subsystem (not shown separately) by an internal network system (also not shown separately). User data packets are delivered to/from the external networks (which can be interexchange carrier networks or any other external network) and signaling packets to/from the subscriber signaling subsystem of the external network where user data or voice data are routed directly as packets or to/from controller 92 where user or voice data are routed through modified DLC 87.
In the network-to-CPE direction, the controller & multiplexer 84 processes the packets it receives from all subscriber signaling and external routing subsystems. This involves multiplexing (at the packet level) voice, data and subscriber signaling packets bound for a single DSL link It also involves mapping packets onto DSL frames, and terminating the FMP-side of any link layers associated with the DSL link. Packets traveling if the network-to-CPE direction are sent directly to the DSL termination for delivery to ISD 22.
For purposes of transferring data between its subsystems, such as within the controller & multiplexer 84, voice, data, and signaling packets are transported via an internal routing system (not shown separately) that is at least logically, and perhaps physically also, distinct from the external networks with which the FMP 32 communicates. This is useful for reliability, security, and availability reasons.
In
Referring now also to
Referring now more particularly to
Referring particularly to
Referring now to
Under normal operation, the TVRC modems 80 demodulate a symbol generated on the subscriber lines 30 to output subscriber data including voice, signaling and user data, and apply the resulting data stream to the digital filters 82. As discussed above, the digital data from the ISDs 22 contain voice, digital information, and signaling from, potentially, many different subscriber equipment all multiplexed into the same data stream, preferably a packet-based protocol as discussed above. At a time when a call is just being dialed by the user, the data stream will contain signaling information (unless a voice-activated dialing feature is being used as discussed further below). At other times, signaling data may be generated automatically by subscriber equipment such as a settop unit in the process of ordering a movie.
Call setup may be performed in a way that bypasses the normal interaction between the regular DLC (not shown) and the modified DLC 87 because the ISD 22 may send call signaling data as digital information to the FMP 32. Thus, there may be no need to interpret DTMF tones or dialing pulse. The FMP 32 may interact through the controller 92 set up the call conventionally through the modified DLC 87 by way of the TDM multiplexer 88. Or the signaling data from the subscriber link may be transmitted in the form of DTMF tones which are interpreted either through a DLC facility or by a detector in FMP 32. The direct mechanism for handling signaling data is preferred because DTMF tones would take up bandwidth unnecessarily.
Alternatively, calls can be routed directly to the digital network as packet data, for example. In such a process, where calls are placed digitally through the packet network, signaling information may be sent to the NSP 46 along with control information informing the NSP 46 that a virtual circuit for a call is requested. If it is a voice call, a high priority must be given to the virtual circuit and the NSP 46 must make sure the bandwidth is available. At the time a call is made which is to be routed directly from the FMP 32 through the packet-switched networks (e.g., SONET or ATM), the FMP 32 may be handling data to and from the subscribers. At the time the request for a high priority voice channel is made, the ISD 22 has already de-allocated bandwidth assigned for data transmission to make room for the higher priority voice transmission. The FMP 32 communicates the demand for high priority bandwidth to the NSP 46 and the NSP 36 may deallocate bandwidth formerly dedicated to data transmission (the same data for which bandwidth was de-allocated by the ISD 22) as it, at the same time, allocates bandwidth for the high priority call. This may involve a transmission from the FMP 32 to the NSP 46 telling the NSP 46 that less low-priority data bandwidth is needed in the current call and high priority bandwidth is needed for the new voice call. The NSP 46 then responds by allocating or identifying available circuits (virtual) and providing the appropriate signaling. When the voice call is finished, similar dialogue between the FMP 32 and NSP 46 takes place. The termination of the call is detected by the FMP 32 and a message sent to the NSP 46 informing it that additional bandwidth is needed for data communications and no (or less) bandwidth for the voice call.
In the preferred embodiment, the voice and digital information is time domain multiplexed (TDM) in the digital data stream applied to the digital filters 82. This embodiment makes it simple and efficient to provide high priority to voice communications by the ISD 22 by providing a bandwidth on demand as discussed elsewhere in this application and in related applications incorporated by reference in this application. In the TDM system of the preferred embodiment, it is also convenient to filter out digitally voice data from the demodulated data streams and apply this data directly to the TDM backplane 90. The latter requires some discussion regarding routing.
The TDM multiplexer 88 takes the place of multiple line cards. As mentioned, it is the job of the line cards 96 in a conventional DLC to convert voice data to digital data and apply it to the TDM backplane 90. In so doing, it will also be the job of the control 92 and the facilities interface 94 to handle circuit (TDM) to/from packet conversion. In conventional DLCs voice data also includes DTMF tones which are decoded in the line cards 96 and used by the controller 92 for call setup. The same job is performed by the TDM multiplexer 88. Instead of DTMF tones, the routing data (called number, call origination data, signaling, etc.) are applied in digital form directly to the TDM backplane 90 for handling by the controller 92. Thus, TDM multiplexer 88 creates the appearance of being a line card (or set of line cards) to the controller and other facilities from the TDM backplane 90 and out through the interexchange network. The TDM multiplexer can be plugged as a single card directly into the TDM backplane 90. To the core network (the conventional switched network such as connected through the DLC), all equipment including the NSP 46, the FMP 32 appears to be a conventional DLC. This is advantageous, since there is minimal impact to the remainder of the network when the equipment is integrated into the network. This configuration provides a seamless interface between the fully digital telephone linked through the ISD 22 and the modified DLC 87. It also provides a system that allows packet switched voice and data to work side by side and together with traditional digital loop carrier equipment.
In the preferred embodiment, in the CO to CPE direction, the FMP 32 performs the following functions. First, the FMP 32 breaks up the control messages and packets containing user data into segments that fit into the DSL frames. Secondly, the FMP 32 multiplexes these frames together with frames containing speech so that the can be transported to the ISD 22 over the DSL link. Third, the FMP 32 terminates all link layers associated math the DSL segment of the connection. The reverse happens in the CPE to CO direction.
Within the local access side of the local loop, multiple FMPs 32 may be grouped and served by a single NSP 46. Each FMP 32 is in turn interconnected to a plurality of ISDs which serves the subscribers in a given local loop. Usually, the NSP 46 will be located in an AT&T Point-of-Presence (POP). However, this might not be possible in all areas and it could possibly be co-located with other equipment, depending on space availability.
Although, as discussed above, the TDM multiplexer 90 allows a seamless interface between the “old technology” DLC and “new technology” employing the access module 70 and the modified DLC 87 and other elements of the architecture described here and in related applications, substantial modifications to software of the controller 92 will provide additional features. These features are discussed here, elsewhere in this application, and in the related application incorporated by reference in this application. For example, when multiple calls to the same called party are made, the modified DLC 87 must handle such calls differently. In a conventional setup, a message would be sent by the DLC 87 that the called party is off-hook. In the current system of the invention, the called party may still receive additional calls to the same party. Another example of how software modifications for handling of voice calls is provided by the voice-activated call example that follows, after a discussion of the interaction between the NSP 36 and the FMP 32. Note that the details of such software modifications are not necessary to discuss in detail as such are quite straightforward to implement.
To illustrate the interaction between the various components of the instant invention, a voice dialing scenario will be described. When a subscriber picks up the telephone and if no digits have been dialed after a specified period of time has elapsed, the ISD 22 may start digitizing the voice information into data, for example, 64 Kbps -law PCM data. The voice samples are then stored in a wave file, which is subsequently transmitted to the FMP 32. On receipt by the FP 32, the FMP 32 will forward the information to the NSP 36. The NSP 36 will attempt to authenticate the request by ensuring that the subscriber does indeed have a subscription to the voice dialing service. The NSP 36 can determine the identity of the subscriber by looking at the address in a certain field of the packet. The NSP 36 can therefore interpret the information in the wave files and take the appropriate action. Let us assume that subscriber John wanted to call another subscriber Paul. The NSP 36 will also attempt to determine who is Paul as defined by John. Once the telephone number for John has been determined, the NSP 36 will inform the FMP 32 to set up a call to John's number. The FMP 32 will then go through the facilities interface 94 to set up the call. In an embodiment, this would be over TR303 interface and the signal would be sent to a DLC to request the local Serving Office to indicate the appropriate ports to use for setting up the call. The FMP 32 has its own DTMF and tone generator which is used for signaling when the interexchange carrier network is to be bypassed in routing a call. For example, the FMP 32 may be connected to a switched network that requires the generation of DTMF signals to set up a call. Such a call can be handled through the FMP 32.
Note that there is a significant advantage implicit in the preferred design. The voice dialing service may be provided by a different company from the one that actually connects the call. There is no need to pay for the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) for providing such a service and it can all be done with a single facility. Similar services, such as speed dialing, that the LEC provides can now be made available locally.
In the case where there is an incoming call, say from the PSTN, the FMP will get the information from the DLC. The information will be dispatched over the signaling channel to the NSP 36. The NSP 36 will instruct the FMP 32 with the information on how the call should be terminated. On receiving this message, the FP 32 will send the appropriate signaling message to the ISD 22. The ISD 22 “knows” which phones are in use and which ones are not. As a result, it will apply ring to a phone that is free.
In the CPE to CO direction, data “left over” after filtering of voice data is accomplished by the digital filters 84 is transmitted by the access module to the interexchange network. This data includes routing data as well as content. The link layer interface is provided by the controller and multiplexer 84 of the access module 70. Thus, for example, if the exported data is to be transmitted over an external ISDN interface, the data from digital filters 82 would be formatted and timed to be applied to such an interface by the controller and multiplexer 84 of the access module 70.
In the disclosure of the instant invention, Tethered Virtual Radio Channel (TVRC) is the preferred modulation technique. However, the instant invention is not limited to the use of TVRC modulation technology. However, TVRC would prove to be a major advantage over other proposed schemes, since it provides an alternate to interleaving which is used to overcome impairments such as noise and interference and which results in unacceptable delays.
In addition to monitoring the link between the ISD 22 and the FMP 32 for purposes of identifying a failure of the ISD 22 (which requires life-line support), the FMP 32 may provide other line monitoring functions, such as off-hook detection, through interaction with the intelligent ISD 22. For example, a subscriber, although the bandwidth is available to send an additional call to the same called number, may not wish to have additional calls ring through. The FMP 32 in such a case could respond to an additional call with a busy signal or voice mail.
In some embodiments, the FMP 32 may be configured to appear to the network as a conventional DLC. As an alternative configuration, the FMP 32 may be configured directly to connect to the ATM without transport across the SONET network. It may be desirable to transmit the voice data from the FMP 32 to the PSTN 42 over a high speed packet network (e.g. ATM), which is superimposed on top of the SONET network. This has an advantage in that the packet transmission of voice information can be more efficient than more conventional treatment (for example, it is susceptible to a high degree of compression). However, it requires additional management to manage delays, buffer overruns, drop packets, etc., across the ATM network as mentioned above.
The following applications, filed concurrently herewith, are hereby incorporated by reference:
While exemplary systems and methods embodying the present invention are shown by way of example, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. For example, each of the elements of the aforementioned embodiments may be utilized alone or in combination with elements of the other embodiments.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/001,343 filed on Dec. 31, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,347,075.
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Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20020027927 A1 | Mar 2002 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09001343 | Dec 1997 | US |
Child | 09960310 | US |