Patent Application
20110073050
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the field of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors or boilers such as those used in industrial or electric power generation facilities and, in particular, to in-furnace secondary air nozzles designed to prevent deflection of solids falling onto a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) from the CFB by secondary air jets.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 6,543,905 to Belin et al. describes a CFB boiler with controllable in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX). The boiler comprises a CFB reaction chamber as well as a BFB heat exchanger located inside the reaction chamber. Heat transfer in the heat exchanger is controlled by means of controlling the rate of solids discharge from the lower part of the BFB into the reaction chamber. The overall heat transfer capacity of the IBHX depends on the solids downflow on the top of the bubbling bed in the IBHX from the CFB furnace. A higher downflow rate results in a higher heat transfer capacity. Secondary air is typically supplied to a CFB furnace via nozzles located at the front and rear furnace walls. The nozzles are located outside the furnace enclosure and their exit openings are flush with those walls. Because the IBHX is located adjacent to the wall(s) containing the nozzles, jets from the nozzles will deflect part of the solids downflow from the IBHX thus reducing its heat transfer capacity.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,257 to Belin et al. describes a CFB furnace with an integral secondary air plenum. Such a plenum allows placing secondary air nozzles inside the furnace thus preventing interference of their jets with the solids downflow to the IBHX. However, the supporting structure and/or air supply means of the plenum may interfere with the gas and/or solids movement in the furnace, and accommodating nozzles of the size sufficient to allow adequate jet penetration into a large CFB requires plenum which is larger than desirable.
The present invention prevents deflection of the solids falling onto the BFB from the CFB by secondary air jets while avoiding a complicated structure that would interfere with the gas and/or solids movement in the furnace.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is drawn to a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler comprising: a CFB reaction chamber having side walls and a grid defining a floor at a lower end of the CFB reaction chamber for providing fluidizing gas into the CFB reaction chamber; a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) located within a lower portion of the CFB reaction chamber and being bound by outer wall(s) of the CFB reaction chamber, the floor of the CFB reaction chamber and enclosure wall(s) formed by cooled tubes that extend upward from the floor of the CFB to the height of the BFB; at least one controllable in-bed heat exchanger (IBHX), the IBHX comprising a heating surface and occupying part of the CFB reaction chamber floor and being surrounded by the enclosure walls of the BFB; and at least one in-furnace secondary air nozzle formed by the cooled tubes of the BFB enclosure wall that are formed into at least one group that extends from the top of the BFB enclosure wall across the width of the BFB until reaching the outer wall of the CFB.
The tubes forming the at least one in-furnace secondary air nozzle may become part of the outer wall when they reach the outer wall of the CFB. Additionally, the exit opening of the least one in-furnace secondary air nozzle is flush, or almost flush, with the enclosure wall of the BFB.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific benefits attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
The present invention relates generally to the field of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors or boilers such as those used in industrial or electric power generation facilities and, in particular, to in-furnace secondary air nozzles designed to prevent the deflection of solids falling into the BFB from the CFB by secondary air jets.
As used herein, the term CFB boiler will be used to refer to CFB reactors or combustors wherein a combustion process takes place. While the present invention is directed particularly to boilers or steam generators which employ CFB combustors as the means by which the heat is produced, it is understood that the present invention can readily be employed in a different kind of CFB reactor. For example, the invention could be applied in a reactor that is employed for chemical reactions other than a combustion process, or where a gas/solids mixture from a combustion process occurring elsewhere is provided to the reactor for further processing.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate the same or functionally similar elements throughout the several drawings and to
The BFB is separated from the CFB by an enclosure 30. Rate of solids recycle 35 back to the CFB through a valve 40 is controlled by controlling streams of fluidizing medium 45 and 46. The enclosure is made of tubes 50 that are typically cooled by water or steam. The tubes are usually protected from the erosion and/or corrosion by a protective layer, commonly formed by a refractory held by studs welded to the tubes. The tubes forming the enclosure extend upward to the elevation allowing the required BFB 4 height within the CFB furnace 1. Above the required height, the tubes 50 group into forming secondary air nozzles 55. Air 60 fed to these nozzles is injected into the CFB beyond the BFB 4, thus its jets 65 do not deflect streams of solids 18 and 19 from falling onto the BFB 4. Grouping the tubes 50 allows forming the openings 70 through which the solids streams 18 and 19 fall onto the BFB 4. After reaching the wall 2b, the tubes 50 can become part of this wall. Secondary air nozzles 75 on the opposite wall 2d are located externally to the CFB furnace 1. Since no IBHX is placed below the nozzles 75, their jets 80 do not cause any undesired effect.
In an alternative embodiment, illustrated in
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application and principles of the invention, it will be understood that it is not intended that the present invention be limited thereto and that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles. In some embodiments of the invention, certain features of the invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, all such changes and embodiments properly fall within the scope of the following claims.
