Patent Grant
6916766
The present invention relates to lubricating compositions for industrial machinery and more specifically to circulating oil compositions.
The art of formulating lubricating oil compositions for industrial equipment has become more complex as a result of increased government and user environmental standards and increased user performance requirements. For example, many end users seek lubricants that do not employ metallic detergents and dispersants that are typically used to keep deposit-forming precursors in an oil away from working surfaces. Ashless or non-metal containing dispersants and detergents, however, tend to be effective in emulsifying water in the oil. Industrial oils such as gear, hydraulic, and circulating oils typically are required to be capable of separating from water in order that any water contamination arising during use does not adversely impact equipment operation and durability. Thus, additives that may enhance one property of a lubricating composition may adversely effect another property.
Another required property for industrial oils is rust inhibition. Again, some end users desire lubricant compositions that employ ashless rust inhibitors. Unfortunately, experience has shown that lubricants with ashless rust inhibitors are not as effective in inhibiting rust as lubricants using metallic sulfonate or metallic carbonate rust inhibitors. Thus use of an additive that may be environmentally desirable may result in a lubricating composition that does not meet certain specific performance requirements.
One object of the present invention is to provide an ashless industrial oil lubricating composition that has good water separability characteristics.
Another object is to provide an ashless lubricating composition that has good rust inhibition.
Yet another object is to provide an industrial oil composition that has good thermal and oxidative stability.
It has now been found that the combination of an ashless dispersant comprising the reaction product of a succinic anhydride and a polyamine and an ashless rust inhibitor comprising a mixture of a succinic anhydride and an aromatic oxime in a lubricant basestock along with a polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifier provides a composition having good demulsibility, deposit control and rust inhibition. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a lubricant composition is provided comprising:
(a) a lubricating oil basestock;
(b) an effective amount of an ashless dispersant comprising the reaction product of a polyalkenyl substituted succinic anhydride and a polyamine;
(c) an effective amount of an ashless rust inhibitor comprising a mixture of a alkyl succinic anhydride and an aromatic oxime; and
(d) an effective amount of a demulsifier comprising a polyoxyalkylene alcohol.
Other embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows.
The lubricating oil basestock comprises a major portion of the composition of the present invention and typically will be selected from any of the natural mineral oils of API Group I basestocks. Preferably, the basestock will comprise a mixture of Group I basestock of different viscosities which will be combined in proportions sufficient to meet a predetermined viscosity requirement. For example, a suitable basestock for a paper machine oil comprises a mixture of from about 20 to 80 wt % of a 2500 solvent neutral mineral oil and 600 solvent neutral mineral oil. The basestock can also comprise API Group II, Group III or Group IV basestocks or mixtures of any of Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV basestocks.
The lubricating oil compositions of the invention includes an effective amount of a succinimide comprising the reaction product of polyalkenyl substituted succinic anhydride and a polyamine. Typically, the polyalkenyl group of the succinic anhydride will be selected from ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene and pentene and preferably is a polyisobutylene group of from about 500 to about 2500 Mn and more preferably from about 900 to about 1000 Mn. Thus, the preferred polyalkenyl succinic acid anhydride is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA).
Among suitable polyamines used in forming the succinimide mention is made of ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriaminime (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). Particularly preferred is TEPA. Thus, the preferred dispersant is PIBSA TEPA.
The method for reacting a polyalkenyl succinic anhydride with a polyamine is well known in the art. In general, the molar ratio of polyamine to polyalkenyl succinic anhydride is in the range of about 0.35:1 to about 1:1.
Preferably the reaction product is subjected to a postcure with cyclic carbonate, boric acid or a boric acid derivative. Postcure techniques are known in the art. In this regard see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,132 which is incorporated herein by reference.
In general, the amount of dispersant will constitute from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt % of the total weight of the composition and preferably from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %.
The lubricating oil composition of the invention, also includes an effective amount of a mixture of an alkyl substituted succinic anhydride and an oxime substituted aromatic compound. The alkyl substituted succinic anhydride may be represented by the formula
where R is a linear or branched alkyl group of from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. Preferably R is a branched alkyl group of from 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
The oxime substituted aromatic compound may be represented by the formula
where R1 is H or
and R2 is an alkyl group of from 5 to 15 carbon atoms.
Typically, molar ratio of alkyl substituted succinic anhydride to aromatic oxime will be in the range of about 1:1 to about 10:1 and preferably about 2:1 to about 4:1.
The amount of the ashless rust inhibitor employed typically will be in the range of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt %, and preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 wt % based on the total weight of the composition.
The lubricant composition of the invention also includes an effective amount of a polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifying agent. A particularly suitable polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifying agent is characterized by the formula
where EO is an ethylene oxide moiety, PO an propylene oxide moiety and x and y represent the relative amounts of each. A preferred demulsifying agent will have a Mn in the range of about 1700 to 3000 and an EO/PO ratio of from about 20:80 to about 1:99. Typically, the polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifying agent is dissolved in a solvent such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP). Especially useful is a solution comprising from 75 to 99 wt % TCP.
In general, the demulsifying agent will be used in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to about 0.1 wt % based on the total weight of the composition.
Optionally, the composition may also include one of the various types of lubricant thickeners well known in the art. An example of one such thickener is polyisobutylene. Thus, in one embodiment the composition of the invention may include 0 wt % up to about 25 wt % of a thickener.
Other conventional additives which may be used in the lubricants of this invention include oxidation inhibitors, antiwear agents, metal passivators, antifoam agents and the like.
Examples of antiwear agents, that may be used, include alkylated dithiocarbamates, alkyl phosphates, aryl phosphates, thiophosphates, amine phosphates and dithiophosphates.
The composition may include one or more metal passivators selected from alkylated benzotriazole, tolyltriatole, and dimercaptothiodiazole.
One or more oxidation inhibitors also may be used in the lubricants of this invention including diphenyl amines, phenyl alpha naphthyl amines, and hindered phenolic type.
One or more antifoam agents may be used in the lubricants of this invention, including polydimethylsiloxane and polymethacrylate.
The above mentioned additional additives are used in amounts sufficient to provide their normal function. Typical amounts for individual components in a preferred lubricant composition is given in Table 1.
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the invention.
Test Procedures
The lubricating compositions set forth in the Tables 2 to 5 were tested according to the following procedures:
Deposit Control
Bearing Rig Test (BRT)
In the BRT test, the oil is circulated through steam heated spherical roller bearings. Water is added periodically to simulate moisture contamination in service. At test completion, the bearing rollers, cage and raceways are rated for deposits using the CRC varnish rating scale.
Property Retention Test (PRT)
In the PRT test, the oil is circulated with a gear pump at moderately high temperature and pressure for 2000 hours. In addition to the temperature and pressure, multimetal catalysts and periodic water contamination are used to simulate oil stress in service. The oil reservoir, the metal catalysts, and an in-line screen mesh filter are observed periodically for deposits. The physical properties of the oil are also measured periodically.
Antiwear
FZG scuffing test, DIN 51354
Rust and Corrosion Protection
Rust test with synthetic sea water, ASTM D665B
Copper strip corrosion test, ASTM D130
SKF Emcor Rust Test, IP 220
Thin Oil Film Inhibition Test, commonly known as the TOFI test.
In the TOFI test, polished steel panels are immersed in test oil and exposed to 100% humidity at 140° F. The test continues until 5% of the steel panel surface is covered with rust. Many oils that pass ASTM D665B will show some rust formation in the TOFI test.
Water Separability
ASTM D1401
ASTM D2711
Filterability
Pall Filtration
AFNOR Filtration, wet and dry methods
Oxidation Stability
RBOT, ASTM D2272 (now called RPVOT)
TOST, ASTM D943
Comparative Example 1
These ashless oil compositions were formulated having the ingredients shown in Table 2. As can be seen, formulation 1 and 2, which include a dispersant, have poor demulsibility, whereas formulation 3, without dispersant has good demulsibility.
As can be seen from Table 2, ashless circulating oil formulations that include a dispersant tend to have poor demulsibility characteristics.
Five ashless circulating oil formulations were prepared having the ingredients and properties shown in Table 3. Formulations 1 to 4 are compositions according to this invention while formulation 5 is a comparison (Comparative Example 2) of a composition not having a demulsifier.
As can be seen, formulation 5, which does not contain a demulsifier, displays poor demulsibility characteristics. Also, compositions containing at least 0.3 wt % of the rust inhibitor display good performance in all the rust tests.
Multiple, similar ashless circulating oil compositions were prepared having formulations in accord with the invention. The formulation of Table 4 is representative of these formulations.
Typical properties for a composite of these multiple formulations is given in Table 5.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application(s) No(s).: 60/354,417 filed on Feb. 5, 2002.
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|---|---|---|---|
| 4501616 | Fink et al. | Feb 1985 | A |
| 4793939 | Mori et al. | Dec 1988 | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20030191031 A1 | Oct 2003 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60354417 | Feb 2002 | US |
