Patent Application
20080115302
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a cleaning implement comprising a handle and a cleaning substrate and related systems for cleaning surfaces, especially hard surfaces. More particularly, the invention relates to a disposable cleaning head containing a cleaning composition suitable for cleaning toilet bowls and the like. The invention also relates to cleaning substrates, cleaning heads, cleaning pads, cleaning sponges and related systems for cleaning hard surfaces, wherein the cleaning substrates and related systems are impregnated with acidic cleaning compositions.
2. Description of the Related Art
Cleaning a toilet bowl is typically one of the most undesirable jobs for most persons. Nevertheless, toilet bowls must be kept clean in order to prevent sanitary problems, the potential for irritable smells, and the possibility of harmful bacteria buildup. As a result, various types of bowl cleaning products are known. Such products typically fall within two categories, namely, cleaning by hand with a bowl cleaner or with automatic “in tank” or “in bowl” cleaners. Hand cleaning typically takes the form of a toilet cleaning brush or sponge. Such devices, however, are displeasing due to the excessive dripping therefrom and because storage between uses is unsanitary. Further, there is no premeasured dosage with current bowl cleaning products. Most users just estimate the amount to use and potentially could use too little and thus not achieve a disinfectant level, or too much, which increases the cost per application. Additionally, bowl cleaning products are very toxic and present a potential safety hazard.
Automatic “in tank” or “in bowl” cleaners, which dispense a dosage upon flushing of the toilet, generally are not as effective as manual scrubbing. Therefore most consumers typically supplement such automatic cleaners with hand scrubbing and cleaning. In addition to resulting in often ineffective cleaning, “in tank” or “in bowl” cleaners have other disadvantages. For example, “clear water” types of cleaners give no indication when they are used up and need changing, and having to place one's arm into a toilet bowl and/or tank to retrieve spent containers is also unpleasant and undesirable. Further, the “blue water” products are, in many instances, only cosmetic and, at best, merely add a small amount of surfactant to the water.
Numerous types of cleaning compositions, as well as holders for disposable cleaning pads, are known in the art. Illustrative are the compositions and apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,852,201, 4,523,347, 4,031,673, 3,413,673 and 3,383,158. U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,201 discloses a toilet bowl cleaner having a handle with a removable cleaning pad disposed on one end. The toilet bowl cleaner also includes a cleaning solution that is contained in the pad. These devices have various deficiencies in terms of ease of use or cleaning efficiency.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device with a disposable cleaning head that overcomes the disadvantages and shortcomings associated with prior art cleaning substrates, cleaning heads, cleaning pads, cleaning sponges and related systems for cleaning hard surfaces.
In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentioned and will become apparent below, in one embodiment of the invention, the cleaning tool comprises a handle and disposable cleaning head having a fitment with an engagement member for attaching to the handle and a base for attaching to a cleaning substrate. The cleaning substrate may contain a cleaning composition comprising a solid inorganic acid such as sulfamic acid. The cleaning composition can optionally include one or more surfactants, bactericidal agents, bleaching agents, chelants, salts, coloring agents, fragrances and preservatives.
In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentioned and will become apparent below, one aspect of the present invention comprises a cleaning tool comprising:
In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentioned and will become apparent below, another aspect of the present invention comprises a cleaning tool comprising:
In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentioned and will become apparent below, another aspect of the present invention comprises a cleaning tool comprising:
In one embodiment, the cleaning tool has a gripping mechanism that includes an expandable collet device adapted for selective movement between a gripping position, gripping the fitment retaining barb, and a release position, enabling selective axial release of the retaining head of the fitment retaining barb from the gripping mechanism. The collet device includes a proximal base portion, and a plurality of resilient finger members extending distally toward the wand opening, and each the resilient finger member being cantilever mounted thereto for radial movement of a distal tip of the respective finger member between the gripping position and the release position.
In one embodiment, the distal tip portions of the finger members cooperate to define a mouth portion of the collet device. The finger members are positioned generally radially around a longitudinal axis of the collet device in a manner collectively defining a collet recess therein formed for receipt of the retaining head of the fitment when in the gripping position. Each the distal tip of the finger member includes a tine portion extending radially inward, and defines a proximal facing contacting surface such that, when the retaining head of the fitment is positioned in the gripping position of the collet device, the contacting surfaces of the respective tine portions substantially prevent axial pull-out in a direction away from the gripping mechanism.
In another specific configuration, the gripping mechanism includes a plunger mechanism selectively engaging the collet device for movement between the gripping position and the release position. The plunger mechanism includes a plunger head adapted for selective reciprocating movement thereof along the longitudinal axis of the collet device between a disengaged condition, corresponding to the gripping position of the collet device, and an engaged condition, corresponding to the release position of the collet device.
The gripping mechanism further includes a release device coupled to the plunger mechanism for selective movement of the plunger head between the disengaged and the engaged condition. The release device includes a slide switch slideably mounted to the maneuvering wand for operation at the handle portion between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition. The release device further includes a pushrod extending through the wand cavity from proximate the handle portion to proximate the attachment portion. A distal end thereof is mounted to the plunger head, and an opposite proximal end thereof being mounted to the slide switch for translation of movement from the slide switch to the plunger head.
In yet another embodiment, the cleaning implement fitment includes a back plate upon which the cleaning element is mounted. The back plate is configured to provide lateral support to the cleaning element during use thereof, and the fitment post extending longitudinally therefrom. The back plate being configured such that a force required to bend the back plate is less than that required to radially displace one or more of the finger members toward the release position. The back plate defines one or more flexible zones adapted to reduce the stiffness of the back plate plurality of stiffness reducing grooves spaced-apart about the plate longitudinal axis thereof, and extending generally radially outward from an interior portion of the disk.
In another aspect of the present invention, a cleaning tool assembly is provided adapted to removably mount a cleaning implement thereto. The cleaning implement includes a cleaning element mounted to a fitment having an elongated, axially extending post terminating at a barb portion thereof. The tool assembly includes an elongated maneuvering wand having a handle portion and a distal implement attachment end thereof, and a gripping mechanism coupled to the wand attachment end. The gripping mechanism is configured to releasably grip the barb portion of the fitment post to releasably mount the cleaning implement to the maneuvering wand in a gripping position. The tool assembly further includes an anti-cam out feature adapted to radially engage the fitment post when the gripping mechanism is positioned in the gripping position, and when the cleaning implement is subjected to a load radial to the longitudinal axis of the fitment post. The anti-cam out feature is adapted to substantially limited to pivotal movement of the longitudinal axis of the fitment post, relative the longitudinal axis of the gripping mechanism, to not more than about 0 degrees to about 25 degrees.
In one embodiment, a seal device is included positioned in a gap between the distal annular rib portion and the proximal annular rib portions. The seal device cooperates with the fitment post when in the gripping position such that a fluid-tight seal is formed therebetween to prevent fluid flow into the cavity.
In another aspect of the present invention, a cleaning tool assembly is adapted to removably mount a cleaning implement thereto. The cleaning implement includes a cleaning element mounted to a fitment. The tool assembly includes an elongated maneuvering wand having a handle portion, and a distal implement attachment end thereof. The attachment end defines a wand opening into a cavity of the wand, and the wand opening being formed and dimensioned for axial insertion of the fitment post therein. A radially expandable gripping mechanism is disposed in the cavity. The mechanism is adapted for movement between a naturally biased gripping position, releasably gripping the fitment retaining barb through the wand opening, and a release position, radially expanding the gripping mechanism by an amount sufficient to enable axial release of the retaining barb therefrom. The gripping mechanism is configured to axially retain the retaining barb therein with an axial retention force. A release device includes a manual actuation device mounted to the handle portion, and adapted for manual axial movement between a disengaged condition and an engage condition, slideably engaging the gripping mechanism for expansion thereof toward the release position. The gripping mechanism and the release device are configured to interactively cooperate to substantially minimize frictional drag therebetween in a manner such that a maximum, manual release force, at the actuation device, required to manually move the release device from the disengaged condition to the engaged condition, and thus, the gripping mechanism from the gripping position to the release position, is substantially less than the axial retention force of the gripping mechanism.
In one example, the axial retention force is in the range of about five (5) lbf. to about fifteen (15) lbf., and the release force is in the range of about 1.0 lbf. to about 6.0 lbf. In another embodiment, the axial retention force is in the range of about nine (9) lbf. to about eleven (11) lbf., and the release force is in the range of about 1.75 lbf. to about 3.0 lbf.
In another specific embodiment, the release device includes a plunger head, adapted for sliding engagement, with the collet device for selective reciprocating movement thereof along the longitudinal axis of the collet device between a disengaged condition, corresponding to the gripping position of the collet device, and an engaged condition, urging the collet device toward the release position. The plunger head is operated for selective reciprocating movement thereof along the longitudinal axis of the collet device between the disengaged condition, corresponding to gripping position of the collet device, and the engaged condition. In this engaged condition, a cam surface of the plunger head contacts an opposed underside displacement surface of the finger members causing displacement of the respective distal tip portions thereof radially outward from the gripping position toward the release position.
To reduce frictional drag, each the underside displacement surface includes at least two spaced-apart upstanding contact ribs extending in a direction longitudinal to the collet device. Each the contact rib cooperates with the cam surface of the plunger head to reduce frictional contact therebetween as the plunger head reciprocates between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition. A cam surface at a distal portion of the plunger head is convex-shaped to further reduce frictional contact between with the contact ribs as the plunger head reciprocates between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition.
In yet another arrangement, a contact angle between the cam surface of the plunger head and the contact ribs of the underside displacement surfaces is in the range of between about three (3) degrees per side to about twenty (20) degrees per side.
In another embodiment, the maneuvering wand includes a gradually curved portion thereof between the handle portion and the attachment end. The pushrod is substantially similarly curved at a corresponding portion thereof when positioned in the cavity of the maneuvering wand. The pushrod is sufficiently flexible to enable axial movement thereof through the wand cavity between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition. Further, the pushrod is sufficiently stiff to enable the plunger mechanism to engage the collet device from the gripping position to the release position.
Throughout the interior of the maneuvering wand is a plurality of support bearings spaced-apart along the wand cavity. These bearings cooperate with the pushrod to enable unobstructed axial movement thereof between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition. Each support bearing is plate-like, and includes a bearing surface defining a respective aperture enabling reciprocal passage of the pushrod therethrough. Further, each bearing surface of the support bearing is convex shaped to reduce frictional contact with the pushrod during movement between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition.
The assembly of the present invention has other objects and features of advantage which will be more readily apparent from the following description of the best mode of carrying out the invention and the appended claims, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particularly exemplified structures, compositions, systems or uses, as such may, of course, vary. It is thus to be understood that, although the invention is described in connection with the cleaning of a toilet bowl, the invention can also be readily employed to clean a variety of surfaces, such as the walls of a shower, a countertop, windows, vehicle surface(s) or a sink. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the invention only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein, whether supra or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a “surfactant” includes two or more such surfactants.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although a number of methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are described herein.
The improved disinfecting or sanitizing substrate or pad can be used as a disinfectant, sanitizer, and/or sterilizer. As used herein, the term “disinfect” shall mean the elimination of many or all pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces with the exception of bacterial endospores. As used herein, the term “sanitize” shall mean the reduction of contaminants in the inanimate environment to levels considered safe according to public health ordinance, or that reduces the bacterial population by significant numbers where public health requirements have not been established. An at least 99% reduction in bacterial population within a 24 hour time period is deemed “significant.” As used herein, the term “sterilize” shall mean the complete elimination or destruction of all forms of microbial life and which is authorized under the applicable regulatory laws to make legal claims as a “Sterilant” or to have sterilizing properties or qualities.
In the application, effective amounts are generally those amounts listed as the ranges or levels of ingredients in the descriptions, which follow hereto. Unless otherwise stated, amounts listed in percentage (“%'s”) are in weight percent (based on 100% active) of the cleaning composition alone, not accounting for the substrate weight. Each of the noted cleaner composition components and substrates is discussed in detail below.
As used herein, the term “substrate” is intended to include any web which is used to clean an article or a surface. Examples of cleaning sheets include, but are not limited to, mitts, webs of material containing a single sheet of material which is used to clean a surface by hand or a sheet of material which can be attached to a cleaning implement, such as a floor mop, handle, or a hand held cleaning tool, such as a toilet cleaning device.
As used herein, “film” refers to a polymer film including flat nonporous films, and porous films such as microporous, nanoporous, closed or open celled, breathable films, or apertured films.
As used herein, “wiping” refers to any shearing action that the substrate undergoes while in contact with a target surface. This includes hand or body motion, substrate-implement motion over a surface, or any perturbation of the substrate via energy sources such as ultrasound, mechanical vibration, electromagnetism, and so forth.
As used herein, the term “fiber” includes both staple fibers, i.e., fibers which have a defined length between about 2 and about 20 mm, fibers longer than staple fiber but are not continuous, and continuous fibers, which are sometimes called “continuous filaments” or simply “filaments”. The method in which the fiber is prepared will determine if the fiber is a staple fiber or a continuous filament.
As used herein, the term “nonwoven web” means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner as in a knitted web. Nonwoven webs have been formed from many processes, such as, for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes. The basis weight of nonwoven webs is usually expressed in ounces of material per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed in microns, or in the case of staple fibers, denier. It is noted that to convert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91.
The term “denier” is defined as grams per 9000 meters of a fiber. For a fiber having circular cross-section, denier may be calculated as fiber diameter in microns squared, multiplied by the density in grams/cc, multiplied by 0.00707. A lower denier indicates a finer fiber and a higher denier indicates a thicker or heavier fiber. Outside the United States the unit of measurement is more commonly the “tex,” which is defined as the grams per kilometer of fiber. Tex may be calculated as denier/9. The “mean fiber denier” is the sum of the deniers for each fiber, divided by the number of fibers.
As used herein, the term “bulk density” refers to the weight of a material per unit of volume and is generally expressed in units of mass per unit bulk volume (e.g., grams per cubic centimeter).
As used herein, the term “spunbonded fibers” refers to fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinneret with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,563 to Appel et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 to Kinney, U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,763 to Hartman; U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,615 to Dobo et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,400 to Pike et al.; the entire content of each is incorporated herein by reference. Spunbond fibers are generally not tacky when they are deposited onto a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have average diameters (from a sample of at least 10) larger than 7 microns to about 50 or 60 microns, often, between about 15 and 25 microns.
As used herein, the term “meltblown fibers” means fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity, usually hot, gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly dispersed meltblown fibers. Such a process is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,241. Meltblown fibers are microfibers, which may be continuous or discontinuous, and are generally smaller than 10 microns in average diameter, and are generally tacky when deposited onto a collecting surface.
As used herein, the term “polymer” generally includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc. and blends and modifications thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer” shall include all possible geometrical configurations of the molecule. These configurations include, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic and random symmetries.
The term “sponge”, as used herein, is meant to mean an elastic, porous material, including, but not limited to, compressed sponges, cellulosic sponges, reconstituted cellulosic sponges, cellulosic materials, foams from high internal phase emulsions, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,106, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyether, and polyester sponges, foams and nonwoven materials, and mixtures thereof.
The term “cleaning composition”, as used herein, is meant to mean and include a cleaning formulation having at least one surfactant.
The term “surfactant”, as used herein, is meant to mean and include a substance or compound that reduces surface tension when dissolved in water or water solutions, or that reduces interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. The term “surfactant” thus includes anionic, nonionic and/or amphoteric agents.
Referring now to
In one aspect of the present invention, a cleaning tool assembly is provided that incorporates an anti-cam device that significantly limits the pivotal motion of the cleaning head fitment in the gripping mechanism, and hence, substantially prevent side ejection from the gripping mechanism. Accordingly, during operational use of the cleaning tool, significantly greater lateral forces can be applied to the cleaning implement during cleaning with a gripping mechanism that would not otherwise be capable of handling such forces. The design of the gripping mechanism, hence, can primarily concentrate on axial retention of the retaining barb. Consequently, the gripping mechanism design is substantially simplified since lateral retention of the retaining barb is of much less concern.
Referring now to
At one end of the maneuvering wand 28 is a handle portion 40 adapted for operable gripping of the tool assembly so that the user can handle and manipulate the cleaning implement 21. At the opposite attachment end 30 of the wand is the gripping mechanism 36 that is configured to releasably grip the fitment retaining barb 27 for mounting of the cleaning implement to the wand. The wand opening 31 into the wand cavity 32 is positioned at the distal attachment end 30. In one specific configuration, as indicated, the maneuvering wand may be comprised of two generally mirror-image half-shell members 39a, 39b which are snap-fit, adhered or fastened together. More preferably, at least the attachment end portion the half-shell members are sonically welded so as to be liquid or water impervious during cleaning use. The half-shell members 39a, 39b may be composed of any suitable material, but are preferably comprised of an injection molded plastic polymer such as polyethylene, polypropelene, PVC, nylon, ABS-PC and other ABS blends, and NORYL®, etc.
The gripping mechanism 36 that releasably secures the cleaning implement 21 to the maneuvering wand 28 includes a radially expandable collet device 41 (
To control the operation of the gripping mechanism 36, a plunger mechanism 42 is included that cooperates with the resilient collet device 41 to selectively expand the mouth portion 33 thereof radially outward from the gripping position to the release position. The gripping mechanism further includes a release device 43 that cooperates with the plunger mechanism 42 for selective control of the collet device by the user between the gripping and release positions. More specifically, as best viewed in
In one specific embodiment, the collet device 41 is conical shaped, and includes an annular base portion 48 defining a proximal opening 50 into a collet recess 51 thereof (
Accordingly, to provide such resiliency, the hollow collet device 41 must be composed of a flexible, yet resilient material. Such suitable rigid, yet resiliently flexible materials for the collet device 41, include plastic polymers such as polyethylene, nylon, ABS, NOREL®, etc, with optional low friction additives including TEFLON®.
In one specific configuration, the collet device 41 includes four independent finger members 52 cantilever mounted to the base portion 48. Each finger member 52 is separated by an alignment slot 56 extending longitudinally therealong. It will be appreciated, of course, that the number of independent finger members 52 can be increased or decreased without departing from the true spirit and nature of the present invention. Collectively, each finger member 52 is circumferentially spaced about the longitudinal axis 53 to form collet recess 51 therein.
When the conical collet device 41 is positioned in the wand cavity 32, at the attachment end 30 of the maneuvering wand 28 (
To axially secure the collet device 41 in the wand cavity 32, relative the maneuvering wand 28, an annular lip portion 57 of the collet device extends radially outward from the base portion 48. As shown in
Moreover, the maneuvering wand 28 includes a plurality of alignment webs 61 extending radially into the wand cavity 32 from the interior walls 60 of the maneuvering wand. Each generally triangular-shaped alignment web 61 corresponds to a respective alignment slot 56 of the collet device 41, and is sized to slideably insert therein between the adjacent finger members 52. Accordingly, as the finger members 52 guidably reciprocate between the gripping position and the release position, the finger members expand and contract into the recesses formed between the radially spaced alignment webs 61.
Turning now to
In accordance with the present invention, when the fitment 23 of the cleaning implement 21 is axially inserted into the wand opening 31 of the maneuvering wand 28 toward the gripping mechanism 36, the fitment 23 and the collet device 41 cooperate to axially snap-fit together in the gripping position. Before this procedure is described in detail, however, the cleaning implement will be briefly detailed.
Referring now to
In some embodiments, a skrim 67 may be included which may be impregnated or partially composed of a cleansing material such as soap. These disposable cleaning elements and compositions are disclosed in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/663,496, filed Sep. 12, 2003, entitled DISPOSABLE CLEANING HEAD (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,127,768), and incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
The fitment 23 (
Extending axially from the back plate 68 is a fitment post 26 formed and dimensioned for sliding axial receipt in the wand opening 31. The fitment post 26 is preferably cylindrical shaped at a first portion 70, and tapers inwardly at a distal second portion 71 thereof. The distal second portion 71 is mounted to the retaining barb 27 at a neck portion 72 thereof. As best viewed in
The wand opening 31 and corresponding fitment post 26 are preferably cylindrical-shaped for ease of axial insertion. It will be appreciated, however, that the transverse cross-sectional dimension may not be circular, and/or may be keyed. In such a configuration, of course, for axial insertion of the fitment post into the wand opening would first require some alignment.
In accordance with the present invention, when the fitment post 26 is axially inserted into the wand opening 31, the rounded cam surface 76 initially abuts against the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the respective tine portions of the collet device 41. As the fitment post 26 is further axially urged into the wand opening 31 and against the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the finger members 52, the distal tip portions 55 thereof are caused to spread apart radially expanding the mouth portion 33. The distal facing cam surfaces 65 have a curvature similar to that of the rounding cam surface 76 of the retaining head 73 which facilitate sliding contact therebetween.
Accordingly, as the distal facing cam surfaces 65 of the respective finger members 52 are sufficiently radially displaced, the fitment post 26 is axially inserted until the retaining head extends just past the tine portion 63 of the finger members. Due to the resiliency of the finger members 52, which are biased radially inward toward the gripping position, once past the retaining head 73, the tine portions 63 are urged back toward the gripping position where they engage the annular shoulder portion 75 of the retaining barb 27 (
An audible and/or tactile cue feature is incorporated that informs the user that the cleaning implement 21 is properly retained in the gripping mechanism 36. Hence, upon securing the fitment 23 in the collet device 41, in the gripping position, the retaining barb 27 and the finger members cooperate to audibly and/or tactily “click”. In one configuration, this audible and/or tactile cue may be provided by the structural configuration and resiliency of the finger members 52 as the corresponding tine portions 63 are moved just past the retaining head 73 of the retaining barb.
The mounting arrangement of the present invention provides a significant axial holding force between the fitment and the gripping mechanism in a direction away from the wand opening 31. However, when a lateral force radial or perpendicular to longitudinal axis 53 of the collet device 41 (represented by arrow 78 in
In accordance with the present invention, as mentioned above, an anti-cam out feature or structure 38 is incorporated into the maneuvering wand 28 that cooperates with the fitment to substantial prevent pivotal movement of the fitment post while mounted in the gripping mechanism 36. In particular, the anti-cam out feature 38 limits the pivotal movement of the fitment post relative the longitudinal axis 53 of the gripping mechanism 36 (and hence the wand opening 31) by not more than about zero (0) degrees to about twenty-five (25) degrees. Accordingly, when a lateral load is placed upon the cleaning implement and transferred to the fitment post (such as during use), the anti-cam out features substantially absorb the lateral loads so that they are not transferred to and placed upon the collet finger members 52, causing inadvertent side ejection or release of the fitment 23.
Much higher loads can thus be placed upon cleaning implement, during use, than might otherwise be permitted with the current gripping mechanism design due to potential cam-out of the retaining barb 27 from the collet device 41. As mentioned, this anti-cam out feature 38 enables the design of the collet device 41 to concentrate on axial retention of the retaining barb 27, as opposed to simultaneously providing lateral or radial retention thereof. Consequently, the gripping mechanism design is substantially simplified, and thus less costly, since collet device does not require resistance to such lateral loads.
As best illustrated in
To prevent significant lateral displacement of the fitment post 26 when positioned in gripping mechanism, the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 is dimensioned to have a transverse cross-sectional dimension substantially similar to that of the first portion 70 of said fitment post 26. As mentioned, it will be appreciated that while the transverse cross-sectional dimensions herein are shown and described as generally circular, they could be provided by other geometric shapes as well. In fact, other such shapes, together with the like cross-sectional dimensions of the first contact surfaces, would be beneficial in preventing or reducing axial rotation of the fitment post 26 relative the maneuvering wand.
In one specific arrangement, with the diameter of the fitment post 26 in the range of 0.060 inch to about 0.750 inch, and more preferably about 0.38 inch, the tolerance between the distal annular rib 79 and the first portion 70 of the fitment post 26 is in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.040 inch. Moreover, the longitudinal length of the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 is in the range of about 0.040 inch to about 1.00 inch, and more preferably about 0.250 inch. The anti-cam out feature 38 of the present invention further includes a proximal annular rib 81 axially spaced-apart from the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79.
As
Accordingly, a sufficient lateral load urged upon the cleaning implement (represented by arrow 78), translating to any pivotal movement of the fitment post 26 relative the longitudinal axis of the collet device 41, will eventually cause abutting contact between the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79 and the first portion 70 of the fitment post, on one side thereof. The rigid first contact surface 80 will provide an opposing force (represented by arrow 83) acting upon the fitment first portion 70, causing it to teeter or pivot. Such pivotal movement will also cause abutting contact between the second contact surface 82 of the proximal annular rib 81 and the second portion 71 of the fitment post, on an opposite side thereof. Similarly, the rigid second contact surface 82 will provide an opposing force (represented by arrow 84) acting upon the fitment second portion 71. Consequently, the opposed contact between the relatively rigid first and second contact surfaces, and the relatively rigid fitment posts limit the pivotal movement relative the collet device to not more than the mentioned about zero (0) degrees to about twenty-five (25) degrees. More preferably, this range is reduced to about zero (0) degrees to about twelve (12) degrees, and even more preferably zero (0) degrees to about six (6) degrees. In turn, these lateral forces are not translated to the distal tip portions of the finger members to prevent inadvertent cam-out thereof.
It will be appreciated that both the distal and proximal annular ribs are composed of a relatively rigid material. Likewise, the fitment post 26, as mentioned, is also composed of a relatively rigid material. Similar to the other components, these may includes plastic polymers such as polyethylene, nylon, ABS, NOREL®, etc, with optional low friction additives including TEFLON®.
In one embodiment, the proximal annular rib 81 is adapted to engage and seat with the inwardly tapered second portion 71 of the fitment post 26. Thus, the second contact surface 82 similarly tapers inwardly at substantially the same slope as the second portion 71 of the fitment post 26. When the fitment retaining barb is positioned in the gripping position, thus, the second portion 71 substantially seats against the proximal annular rib 81. Due in part to this seating, the fitment post 26 will thus pivot about this region until the first portion 70 of the fitment post contacts the first contact surface 80 of the distal annular rib 79.
To prevent liquid contact with the components of the gripping mechanism 36 during use, a seal 86, preferably an O-ring, is included having a central passage formed for receipt of the fitment post 26 therethrough. This O-ring is disposed in an annular gap 85 (
Referring now to
In the disengaged condition (
This dead band region is primarily created by positioning the plunger head 44 of the plunger mechanism 42 out of contact with the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the respective finger members 52. Before any contact of a cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 occurs, the plunger head 44, and/or the slide switch, is configured so that it must axially displace the predetermined distance (e.g., the dead band distance). In the preferred embodiment, this distance is in the range of about 0.400 inch to about 0.600 inch, and more preferably about 0.480 inch to about 0.530 inch from the fully retracted position of the slide switch.
Briefly, as mentioned, the collet device 41 is biased toward the gripping position through the resiliency of the finger members 52. The release device 43, however, is also biased toward the corresponding disengaged condition, out of contact with the collet device, and where the slide switch is fully retracted. This fully retracted configuration provides the maximum dead band displacement for the switch.
Hence, a biasing device 88 is provided that biases the release device 43 toward the disengaged condition which in effect fully retracts the slide switch 46 and the plunger head 44. This biasing device 88 is preferably provided by a coiled compression spring disposed about the pushrod 45. One end of the biasing spring 88 abuts against a proximal spring retainer plate 89 coupled to the pushrod 45, while the opposite end of the biasing spring 88 abuts against a distal spring retainer plate 90 mounted to the maneuvering wand 28, and extending across the wand cavity. The length of the biasing spring 88, as well as the distance between the spring plates, are selected such that the biasing spring is always in compression. In this manner, the release device will position the slide switch and the plunger head fully in their disengaged condition, as shown
Accordingly, any release force applied by the user to move the slide switch 46 toward the engaged condition, while the release device 43 is in the dead band region, must at the very least overcome the opposing force of the biasing spring 88. In one specific embodiment, the biasing force exerted by the biasing spring 88 and urged upon the release device 43 is in the range of about 0.1 lbf to about 2.0 lbf.
Referring now to
As the plunger head 44 advances toward the fully engaged condition, the finger members are caused to increasingly radially expand the mouth portion 33, defined by the tine portions 63 thereof, by a displacement sufficient to release of retaining head 73 of the fitment retaining barb from the collet device. It will be noted that when the release device 43 surpasses an intermediary threshold position (commencing at
In accordance with the present invention, retention of the gripping mechanism 36, plunger mechanism and release device 43 at the fully released position and fully engaged condition is temporary. As will be explained in greater detail below, the contacting components are designed and configured to significantly reduce drag or frictional contact therebetween. Eventually, the biasing spring will overcome the friction forces retaining the plunger head fully engaged against the collet device. Thus, unlike the relatively quick return of the release device to the disengaged condition, by the biasing spring 88, before the threshold position, the return after the threshold position is delayed.
In one specific configuration, the ramped slope of each underside displacement surface 54, corresponding to the region prior to the threshold position, of the corresponding finger member 52 is substantially linear and uniform. It will be appreciated, however, that a more complex profile at this region can be established as well. At the threshold region of the profile of the underside displacement surface 54, the slope thereof increases, and then flattens out toward, corresponding to the full engaged condition (
To remove the cleaning implement 21 from the gripping mechanism 36, the tool assembly includes an ejection device 91 at the distal end of the plunger mechanism 42.
It will be understood, however, that the cleaning implement 21 will not be fully ejected from the maneuvering wand 28. Although the retaining barb 27 has been ejected from the mouth portion 33 of the collet device, the fitment post 26 is still retained in the wand opening 31 of the maneuvering wand. That is, the anti-cam out annular ribs will still loosely support the fitment post therein until the maneuvering wand is directed downward. This gravity release feature is important in that the mere actuation of the release device 43 will not inadvertently eject the cleaning implement 21 from the maneuvering wand 28. For example, even though the user may intentionally actuate the slide switch 46 to release the retaining barb, they may not have the cleaning implement 21 directly over a garbage bin at that time. As such, to cause actual removal of the cleaning implement from the maneuvering wand, in addition to actuation of the release device, the maneuvering wand must also be directed downwardly for gravity release as well.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, as briefly described above, the contacting components of the release device 43 are configured and cooperate to reduce drag or frictional contact therebetween. This is an important feature in that a high axial retention force is necessary to retain the fitment retaining barb 27 in the collet device 41 (preferably in the range of five (5) lbf. to about fifteen (15) lbf.). However, requiring the user to apply a similar force to operate the slide switch past the threshold position would not consumer friendly. In fact, consumer testing has shown that a much more desirable actuator release force range is about one (1) lbf to about five (5) lbf, and more preferably about one and three-quarters (1¾) lbf.
As mentioned, it is the underside contact of the displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52 by the cam surface 87 of the axial moving plunger head 44, from the disengaged condition to the engaged condition, that causes the radial expansion of the distal tip portions 55 of the finger members 52, from the gripping position to the release position. The radial expansion is primarily generated by the frictional contact between the axial displacement of the cam surface 87 of the plunger head 44 and the collective conically, shaped underside displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52. To displace the slide switch 46 from the disengaged condition to the fully engaged condition, therefore, the user must primarily overcome the sum of these frictional forces and the spring biasing force caused by the compression of the biasing spring 88. Accordingly, by significantly reducing the frictional drag between these working surfaces of the inter-engaging components, the desired release force at the slide switch 46 can be more easily achieved while at the same time providing the necessary holding force by the gripping mechanism.
The primary source of this drag originates from the sliding contact between the cam surface 87 at the distal circumferential end of the plunger head 44 with the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet finger members. Briefly, the secondary source of the drag originates from the sliding contact of the pushrod against the interior walls of the maneuvering wand, as well as the flex of the pushrod, during axial displacement between the disengaged and engaged conditions.
One technique to reduce frictional drag between the components is to reduce the surface area contact. As shown in
Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the finger members 52 are also configured to reduce the drag with the plunger cam surface 87. In a similar manner, the longitudinal cross-sectional profile of the displacement surfaces 54 are slightly convex (
In another specific embodiment, in addition to the matched curvatures of the plunger head cam surface 87 and the underside displacement surface 54 of the associated finger member 52, the frictional drag therebetween is reduced still further. As viewed in
Preferably, two spaced-apart contact ribs 92 are provided for each displacement surface 54 of the corresponding finger members 52. For example, in the four finger members of the collet device 41, there are a total of eight (8) radially spaced-apart upstanding contact ribs 92.
To even further reduce frictional drag, the coefficient of friction between the collet displacement surfaces 54 and the plunger cam surface 87 is reduced. This may be performed by smoothing these contacting surfaces to remove and eliminate any burring and/or imperfections to provided a uniformly curved and polished surface on each of the upstanding contact ribs 92 and the plunger cam surface 87. Accordingly, the more polished the sliding surfaces, the lower the coefficient of friction therebetween.
Another technique to reduce the coefficient of friction therebetween is through material selection, the inclusion of other friction modifiers, and/or the addition of other friction reducing materials. For example, such low friction materials include nylon, polypropelene, polyethylene, TEFZEL®, TEFLON® materials, and acetal, etc. Friction modifiers may include plastics having additives made of one or more of the following: TEFLON® (PTFE), oils, molybendum disulfide, and graphite.
Finally, the contact angle between the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87 and the curvature of the upstanding contact ribs 92 are matched to eliminate or substantially reduce the wedging effect between the two sliding contact components. With two surfaces in sliding contact with one another, the contact angle determines the wedging action therebetween. By matching the curvature of the underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet device to the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87, a constant line of contact therebetween can be achieved. In the current embodiment, the plunger head pushes on two raised ribs 92, whose surface intersects a virtual constant curvature along the plunger path. For example, if the collective underside displacement surfaces 54 of the collet device were cone-shaped and the plunger head 44 were sphere-shaped, the curvature of the displacement surface of each collet finger would only match the plunger cam surface at one point along its path. In this example, hence, everywhere else along the path would have point contacts.
Preferably, the contact angle is in the range of about three (3) Degrees per side to about twenty (20) Degrees per side, an more preferably about twelve (12) Degrees per side with the collet device in the gripping position.
The combination of the contact angles between the curvature of the plunger cam surface 87 and the curvature of the upstanding contact ribs 92, and the coefficient of friction therebetween, wedging will be eliminated or substantially reduced between the collet device 41 and the plunger head 44, even when the plunger head is past the threshold displacement portion and in the fully engaged condition. Accordingly, as mentioned, once the user selectively releases operation of the slide switch when fully in the engaged condition (
An additional advantage of this ribbed configuration is that it provides a self-cleaning function. Since these longitudinally extending contact ribs 92 are upstanding from the corresponding displacement surface 54, any contaminate will tend to migrate between the intermediary space between the contact ribs. This self cleaning feature, accordingly, helps reduce contaminant scoring and retain the highly polished contacting surfaces in their highly polished state for a greater duration.
The sliding frictional contact between the release pushrod 45 and the interior walls of the maneuvering wand 28 is also reduced. This is especially imperative since the maneuvering wand 28 is slightly curved. Thus, the dynamic interaction of the pushrod 45, as it displaces between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition, is significantly different than if the maneuvering wand were generally straight. That is, since the maneuvering wand 28 is curved, frictional contact between the pushrod 45 and the interior walls 60 of the maneuvering wand 28 will likely occur, increasing collective frictional drag.
To reduce the inherent contact of the pushrod 45 against the interior walls 60 defining the longitudinal wand cavity 32 as the release device reciprocates between the disengaged condition and the engaged condition, the pushrod 45 is configured to have a curvature, in its natural steady state, similar to that of the maneuvering wand 28. This is clearly shown in
To facilitate centering and support of the pushrod 45 in the wand cavity 32 as the release device 43 reciprocates between the disengaged and the engaged condition, the maneuvering wand includes a plurality of support bearings 93 axially spaced-apart along the longitudinal axis of the wand cavity (
The diameter of the circular aperture is sufficiently large to enable reciprocal passage of the pushrod 45 therethrough. The tolerance between the diameter of the circular aperture and the diameter of the pushrod 45, for instance, is in the range of about 0.003 inch to about 0.050 inch, and more preferably about 0.010 inch per side. In one example, the pushrod diameter is in the range of about 0.050 inch to about 0.375 inch, and more preferably about 0.17 inch, while the diameter of the circular aperture is about 0.19 inch.
As the pushrod axially reciprocates, portions of the exterior surfaces of the pushrod 45 slideably engage the bearing surfaces 95 of the support bearings 93 to center the pushrod 45 and prevent sliding contact with the interior walls 60 defining the wand cavity. As mentioned, this is specifically imperative since the wand cavity is slightly curved. In the specific embodiment illustrated in
To reduce frictional sliding contact, similar to the plunger cam surface 87 and the finger underside displacement surfaces 54, the bearing surfaces 95 are each convex-shaped in a smooth and constantly curved manner. Thus,
In accordance with the present invention, the pushrod 45 must be sufficiently flexible to negotiate the curvature of the maneuvering wand 28 during reciprocal movement therethrough, yet be sufficiently stiff to open the finger members upon engagement with the plunger head 44. The bending and stiffness properties can be controlled through material selection, thickness of the pushrod, as well as the pushrod design. Generally, however, a stiffness in the range of about 0.06 inch to about 1.0 inch deflection with the slide switch end clamped and about a seven (7) gram weight attached to the plunger tip, and more preferably about 0.17 inch deflection with seven (7) gram weight.
Moreover, in one configuration and as shown in
Collectively, by applying the design and friction reducing techniques discussed, the drag between the plunger head and the collet device, as well as between the pushrod 45 and the support bearings can be significantly reduced. Accordingly, the tool assembly designed in accordance with the present invention is capable of achieving a sufficiently high holder force on the order of about five (5) lbf to about fifteen (15) lbf., and more preferably about nine (9) lbf to about eleven (11) lbf., while at the same time achieving a consumer friendly release force at the slide switch on the order of about one (1) lbf to about five (5) lbf, and more preferably about one and three-quarters (1¾) lbf. to about three and one-half (3½) lbf.
In an embodiment of the invention, the cleaning implement comprises the tool assembly disclosed in Co-pending application Ser. No. 10/663,496, published as U.S. 20050055787, entitled “Disposable Cleaning Head”, filed Sep. 12, 2003.
In another embodiment of the invention, the cleaning implement comprises the tool assembly disclosed in Co-pending application Ser. No. 10/678,033 (Docket No. CLXP002/426.38), published as U.S. 20050066465, entitled “CLEANING TOOL ASSEMBLY WITH A DISPOSABLE CLEANING IMPLEMENT”, filed Sep. 30, 2003.
In an embodiment of the invention, the cleaning implement comprises the tool assembly disclosed in Co-pending application Ser. No. 10/602,478 (Docket No. 426.24), published as US20040255418, entitled “CLEANING TOOL WITH GRIPPING ASSEMBLY FOR A DISPOSABLE SCRUBBING HEAD”, filed Jun. 23, 2003.
In another embodiment of the invention, the cleaning implement comprises an elongated shaft having a handle portion on one end thereof. The tool assembly further includes a gripping mechanism that is mounted to the shaft to engage the removable cleaning pad. Examples of suitable cleaning implements are found in U.S. 2003/0070246 to Cavalheiro; U.S. Pat. No. 4,455,705 to Graham; U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,659 to Paepke; U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,212 to Bomgaars et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,781 to Brouillet, Jr.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,565 to Lundstedt; U.S. Pat. No. 5,419,015 to Garcia; U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,717 to Castagliola; U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,986 to Seals; U.S. 2002/0007527 to Hart; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,094,771 to Egolf et al. The cleaning implement may have a hook, hole, magnetic means, canister or other means to allow the cleaning implement to be conveniently stored when not in use.
The cleaning implement holding the removable cleaning pad may have a cleaning head with an attachment means or the attachment means may be an integral part of the handle of the cleaning implement or may be removably attached to the end of the handle. The cleaning pad may be attached by a friction fit means, by a clamping means, by a threaded screw means, by hook and loop attachment or by any other suitable attachment means. The cleaning implement may have a gripping mechanism having a gripping position and a release position for attachment to a cleaning pad or a fitment attached to a cleaning pad. The cleaning pad may have a rigid or flexible plastic or metal fitment for attachment to the cleaning implement or the cleaning pad may be directly attached to the cleaning implement.
A wide variety of materials can be used as the cleaning pad substrate. The substrate should have sufficient wet strength, abrasivity, loft and porosity. Examples of suitable substrates include, nonwoven substrates, wovens substrates, hydroentangled substrates, foams and sponges.
The cleaning pad substrate may comprise a water-soluble or water-dispersible foam. The foam component may comprise a mixture of a polymeric material and a cleaning composition, the foam component being stable upon contact with air and unstable upon contact with water. The foam component may release the cleaning composition or part thereof upon contact with water, the component preferably partially or completely disintegrating, dispersing, denaturing and/or dissolving upon contact with water.
The foam and cleaning composition matrix may comprise an interconnected network of open and/or closed cells. Any polymeric material, which can be formed into a air-stable, water-unstable foam, can be used in the foam component and can be used to form the matrix or part thereof, of the foam component. The polymeric material may be a water-dispersible or a water-soluble polymer. Suitable water-dispersable polymers herein may have a dispersability of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out hereinafter using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 50 microns. Suitable water-soluble polymers herein may have a solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out hereinafter using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns, namely:
Gravimetric Method for Determining Water-Solubility or Water-Dispersability of Polymers: 50 grams±0.1 gram of polymer is added in a 400 ml beaker, whereof the weight has been determined, and 245 ml±1 ml of distilled water is added. This is stirred vigorously on magnetic stirrer set at 600 rpm, for 30 minutes. Then, the water-polymer mixture is filtered through a folded qualitative sintered-glass filter with the pore sizes as defined above (max. 20 or 50 microns). The water is dried off from the collected filtrate by any conventional method, and the weight of the remaining polymer is determined (which is the dissolved or dispersed fraction). Then, the % solubility or dispersability can be calculated.
Suitable polymers are selected from cationic polymers, such as quaternary polyamines, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkylene oxides, cellulose, polysaccherides, polycarboxylic acids and salts, polyaminoacids or peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, or derivatives or copolymers thereof. Suitable polymers are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and derivatives thereof, copolymers of maleic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and gelatine, natural gums such as xanthum and carragum. Copolymers block polymers and graft polymers of the above can also be used. Mixtures of polymers can also be used. Copolymers or mixtures of polymers may provide control of the mechanical and/or dissolution properties of the foam component, depending on the application thereof and the required needs. The polymer may have any average molecular weight from about 1000 to 1,000,000, or even from 4000 to 250,000 or even form 10,000 to 200,000 or even form 20,000 to 75,000.
The substrate may comprise a water-soluble or water dispersible pouch or container. Suitable containers are water-soluble or water-dispersible gelatin beads, comprising cleaning compositions completely surrounded by a coating made from gelatin. The substrate may comprise a water-soluble or water-dispersible pouch. The pouch is typically a closed structure, made of a water-soluble or water-dispersible film described herein, enclosing a volume space which comprises a composition. Said composition may be in solid, gel or paste form. The pouch can be of any form, shape and material which is suitable to hold the composition, e.g., without allowing the release of the composition from the pouch prior to contact of the pouch with water. The exact execution will depend on for example, the type and amount of the composition in the pouch, the number of compartments in the pouch, the characteristics required from the pouch to hold, protect and deliver or release the composition. The pouch may be made from a water-soluble or water-dispersible film. Suitable water-soluble films are polymeric materials, preferably polymers which are formed into a film or sheet. The material in the form of a film can, for example, be obtained by casting, blow-molding, extrusion or blow extrusion of the polymer material, as known in the art. Suitable water-dispersible or water-soluble material herein has a dispersability of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out herein using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 50 microns.
Suitable polymers, copolymers or derivatives thereof are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkylene oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and salts, polyaminoacids or peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, copolymers of maleic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and gelatine, natural gums such as xanthum and carragum. Suitable polymers are selected from polyacrylates and water-soluble acrylate copolymers, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethacrylates. Suitable polymers are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The polymer may have any weight average molecular weight from about 1000 to 1,000,000, or even from 10,000 to 300,000 or even from 15,000 to 200,000 or even from 20,000 to 150,000.
Also useful are polymer blend compositions, for example comprising a hydrolytically degradable and water-soluble polymer blend such as polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol, achieved by the mixing of polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol, typically comprising 1-35% by weight polylactide and approximately from 65% to 99% by weight polyvinyl alcohol, if the material is to be water-dispersible, or water-soluble.
Suitable water-soluble films are films which comprise PVA polymers and that have similar properties to the film known under the trade reference M8630, as sold by Chris-Craft Industrial Products of Gary, Ind., US. The water-soluble film herein may comprise other additive ingredients than the polymer or polymer material. For example, it may be beneficial to add plasticisers, for example glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof, additional water, disintegrating aids. It may be useful that the pouch or water-soluble film itself comprises a cleaning additive.
In one embodiment, the substrate of the present invention is composed of nonwoven fibers or paper. The term nonwoven is to be defined according to the commonly known definition provided by the “Nonwoven Fabrics Handbook” published by the Association of the Nonwoven Fabric Industry. A paper substrate is defined by EDANA (note 1 of ISO 9092-EN 29092) as a substrate comprising more than 50% by mass of its fibrous content is made up of fibers (excluding chemically digested vegetable fibers) with a length to diameter ratio of greater than 300, and more preferably also has density of less than 0.040 g/cm3. The definitions of both nonwoven and paper substrates do not include woven fabric or cloth or sponge. The substrate can be partially or fully permeable to water. The substrate can be flexible and the substrate can be resilient, meaning that once applied external pressure has been removed the substrate regains its original shape.
Methods of making nonwovens are well known in the art. Generally, these nonwovens can be made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing, coforming, spunbonding, or carding processes in which the fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed into a water or air stream, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The air-laying process is described in U.S. Pat. App. 2003/0036741 to Abba et al. and U.S. Pat. App. 2003/0118825 to Melius et al. The resulting layer, regardless of its method of production or composition, is then subjected to at least one of several types of bonding operations to anchor the individual fibers together to form a self-sustaining substrate. In the present invention the nonwoven substrate can be prepared by a variety of processes including, but not limited to, air-entanglement, hydroentanglement, thermal bonding, and combinations of these processes.
Additionally, the first layer and the second layer, as well as additional layers, when present, can be bonded to one another in order to maintain the integrity of the article. The layers can be heat spot bonded together or using heat generated by ultrasonic sound waves. The bonding may be arranged such that geometric shapes and patterns, e.g. diamonds, circles, squares, etc. are created on the exterior surfaces of the layers and the resulting article.
The bonding pattern can be chosen in order to maximize stiffness of the substrate. This applies in particular when bonding is effected by adhesive (chemical, such as epoxy resin adhesive, or other adhesive) or by ultrasound. Thermal or pressure bonding can be used if the layers to be bonded are appropriate for this. One preferred bonding pattern is application of adhesive or ultrasonic bonding across the full area of the substrate. Generally such patterns do not take up substantially the entire area, but generally not more than 20%, sometimes not more than 15%, but sometimes at least 5%, of the area of the substrate is covered by bonds.
One suitable application pattern for adhesive, ultrasonic or other bonds is in the form of a number of stripes extending across the width of the substrate. Preferably the stripes are parallel. The direction can be chosen depending upon the direction in which stiffness is required. For instance, if stiffness in the machine direction (this direction being defined in relation to the manufacturing process for the substrate) is required, i.e. it is required to make folding along a line extending in the transverse direction more difficult, then the stripes can extend in the machine direction. Conversely, if transverse direction stiffness is required, then stripes extending in the transverse direction can be provided. A particularly bonding pattern is one of two sets of parallel stripes at different angles, for instance in cross-hatch form. Such systems can provide the effect of introduction of a net between two layers.
The above patterns for improvement of stiffness are useful when applied to adhesive or ultrasound bonding. However, such patterns can alternatively be applied using hot melt polymer printed onto the substrate, either between layers or on an exterior surface of one of the layers. Such patterns can be applied using any low melting polymer which is flexible after application and drying and capable of producing a continuous film. Suitable polymers include polyethylene. Application of hot melt polymer can be for instance by screen or gravure printing. Screen printing is preferred. Application of hot melt polymer can be on an exterior surface on one of the layers.
Bonding can be effected after all layers intended to form the substrate have been assembled. In some embodiments, however, two or more layers can be pre-bonded prior to contacting these layers with additional layers to form the substrate.
The stiffness of the substrate when wet is an important feature. Stiffness is expressed in Taber stiffness units, preferably measured in accordance with ASTM D-5650 (resistance to bending of paper of low bending stiffness). Stiffness of the substrate when dry is measured before it is used for cleaning a surface. Stiffness of the substrate when wet is measured after it has been saturated in water. Stiffness when dry can be at least 5, or at least 8 Taber stiffness units. In particularly cases, stiffness when dry is at least 9 Taber stiffness units. The Taber stiffness when wet can be at least 5 or at least 8. In particular embodiments, the stiffness when wet can be at least 9 Taber stiffness units. Particular embodiments have stiffness when wet at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 80% or at least 90% of stiffness when dry.
The cleaning substrates can be provided dry, pre-moistened, or impregnated with cleaning composition, but dry-to-the-touch. In one aspect, dry cleaning substrates can be provided with dry or substantially dry cleaning or disinfecting agents coated on or in the multicomponent multilobal fiber layer. In addition, the cleaning substrates can be provided in a pre-moistened and/or saturated condition. The wet cleaning substrates can be maintained over time in a sealable container such as, for example, within a bucket with an attachable lid, sealable plastic pouches or bags, canisters, jars, tubs and so forth. Desirably the wet, stacked cleaning substrates are maintained in a resealable container. The use of a resealable container is particularly desirable when using volatile liquid compositions since substantial amounts of liquid can evaporate while using the first substrates thereby leaving the remaining substrates with little or no liquid. Exemplary resealable containers and dispensers include, but are not limited to, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,047 to Doyle et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,480 to McFadyen, U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,048 to Kaspar et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,944 to Jackson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,786 to McBride et al.; the entire contents of each of the aforesaid references are incorporated herein by reference. The cleaning substrates can be incorporated or oriented in the container as desired and/or folded as desired in order to improve ease of use or removal as is known in the art. The cleaning substrates of the present invention can be provided in a kit form, wherein a plurality of cleaning substrates and a cleaning tool are provided in a single package.
The substrate can include both natural and synthetic fibers. The substrate can also include water-soluble fibers or water-dispersible fibers, from polymers described herein. The substrate can be composed of suitable unmodified and/or modified naturally occurring fibers including cotton, Esparto grass, bagasse, hemp, flax, silk, wool, wood pulp, chemically modified wood pulp, jute, ethyl cellulose, and/or cellulose acetate. Various pulp fibers can be utilized including, but not limited to, thermomechanical pulp fibers, chemi-thermomechanical pulp fibers, chemi-mechanical pulp fibers, refiner mechanical pulp fibers, stone groundwood pulp fibers, peroxide mechanical pulp fibers and so forth.
Suitable synthetic fibers can comprise fibers of one, or more, of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylics such as ORLON®, polyvinyl acetate, Rayon®, polyethylvinyl acetate, non-soluble or soluble polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefins such as polyethylene (e.g., PULPEX®) and polypropylene, polyamides such as nylon, polyesters such as DACRONR® or KODEL®, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, and the like, including fibers comprising polymers containing more than one monomer.
The polymers suitable for the present invention include polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephathalate, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and copolymers and blends thereof. Suitable polyolefins include polyethylene, e.g., high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene; polypropylene, e.g., isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, blends of isotactic polypropylene and atactic polypropylene, and blends thereof; polybutylene, e.g., poly(1-butene) and poly(2-butene); polypentene, e.g., poly(1-pentene) and poly(2-pentene); poly(3-methyl-1-pentene); poly(4-methyl 1-pentene); and copolymers and blends thereof. Suitable copolymers include random and block copolymers prepared from two or more different unsaturated olefin monomers, such as ethylene/propylene and ethylene/butylene copolymers. Suitable polyamides include nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 4/6, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6/10, nylon 6/12, nylon 12/12, copolymers of caprolactam and alkylene oxide diamine, and the like, as well as blends and copolymers thereof. Suitable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylene-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate, and isophthalate copolymers thereof, as well as blends thereof.
Many polyolefins are available for fiber production, for example polyethylenes such as Dow Chemical's ASPUN 6811A linear low-density polyethylene, 2553 LLDPE and 25355 and 12350 high density polyethylene are such suitable polymers. The polyethylenes have melt flow rates in g/10 min. at 190° F. and a load of 2.16 kg, of about 26, 40, 25 and 12, respectively. Fiber forming polypropylenes include Exxon Chemical Company's ESCORENE PD3445 polypropylene. Many other polyolefins are commercially available and generally can be used in the present invention. The particularly preferred polyolefins are polypropylene and polyethylene.
Examples of polyamides and their methods of synthesis may be found in “Polymer Resins” by Don E. Floyd (Library of Congress Catalog number 66-20811, Reinhold Publishing, N.Y., 1966). Particularly commercially useful polyamides are nylon 6, nylon-6,6, nylon-11 and nylon-12. These polyamides are available from a number of sources such as Custom Resins, Nyltech, among others. In addition, a compatible tackifying resin may be added to the extrudable compositions described above to provide tackified materials that autogenously bond or which require heat for bonding. Any tackifier resin can be used which is compatible with the polymers and can withstand the high processing (e.g., extrusion) temperatures. If the polymer is blended with processing aids such as, for example, polyolefins or extending oils, the tackifier resin should also be compatible with those processing aids. Generally, hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins are preferred tackifying resins, because of their better temperature stability. REGALREZ® and ARKON® P series tackifiers are examples of hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins. ZONATAC® 501 lite is an example of a terpene hydrocarbon. REGALREZ® hydrocarbon resins are available from Hercules Incorporated. ARKON® series resins are available from Arakawa Chemical (USA) Incorporated. The tackifying resins such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,699, hereby incorporated by reference, are suitable. Other tackifying resins which are compatible with the other components of the composition and can withstand the high processing temperatures, can also be used.
It is desirable that the particular polymers used for the different components of the fibers in the practice of the invention have melting points different from one another. This is important not only in producing crimped fibers but also when through-air bonding is used as the bonding technique, wherein the lower melting polymer bonds the fibers together to form the fabric or web. It is desirable that the lower melting point polymers makes up at least a portion of the outer region of the fibers. More particularly, the lower melting component should be located in an outer portion of the fiber so that it comes in contact with other fibers. For example, in a sheath/core fiber configuration, the lower melting point polymer component should be located in the sheath portion. In a side-by-side configuration, the lower melting point polymer will inherently be located on an outer portion of the fiber.
The proportion of higher and lower melting polymers in the multicomponent, multilobal fibers can range between about 10-90% by weight higher melting polymer and 10-90% lower melting polymer. In practice, only so much lower melting polymer is needed as will facilitate bonding between the fibers. Thus, a suitable fiber composition may contain about 40-80% by weight higher melting polymer and about 20-60% by weight lower melting polymer, desirably about 50-75% by weight higher melting polymer and about 25-50% by weight lower melting polymer. In one embodiment, a first polymer, which is the lower melting point polymer is polyethylene and the higher melting point polymer is polypropylene.
The cleaning substrate of this invention may be a multilayer laminate and may be formed by a number of different techniques including but not limited to using adhesive, needle punching, ultrasonic bonding, thermal calendering and through-air bonding. Such a multilayer laminate may be an embodiment wherein some of the layers are spunbond and some meltblown such as a spunbond/meltblown/spunbond (SMS) laminate as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,041,203 to Brock et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,706 to Collier, et al., each hereby incorporated by reference. The SMS laminate may be made by sequentially depositing onto a moving conveyor belt or forming wire first a spunbond web layer, then a meltblown web layer and last another spunbond layer and then bonding the laminate in a manner described above. Alternatively, the three web layers may be made individually, collected in rolls and combined in a separate bonding step.
The substrate can comprise solely naturally occurring fibers, solely synthetic fibers, or any compatible combination of naturally occurring and synthetic fibers.
The fibers useful herein can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic or can be a combination of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers. As indicated above, the particular selection of hydrophilic or hydrophobic fibers depends upon the other materials included in the absorbent (and to some degree) the scrubbing layer described hereinafter. Suitable hydrophilic fibers for use in the present invention include cellulosic fibers, modified cellulosic fibers, rayon, cotton, and polyester fibers, such as hydrophilic nylon (HYDROFIL®). Suitable hydrophilic fibers can also be obtained by hydrophilizing hydrophobic fibers, such as surfactant-treated or silica-treated thermoplastic fibers derived from, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyacrylics, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyurethanes and the like.
Another type of hydrophilic fiber for use in the present invention is chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers. As used herein, the term “chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers” means cellulosic fibers that have been stiffened by chemical means to increase the stiffness of the fibers under both dry and aqueous conditions. Such means can include the addition of a chemical stiffening agent that, for example, coats and/or impregnates the fibers. Such means can also include the stiffening of the fibers by altering the chemical structure, e.g., by crosslinking polymer chains.
Where fibers are used as the absorbent layer (or a constituent component thereof), the fibers can optionally be combined with a thermoplastic material. Upon melting, at least a portion of this thermoplastic material migrates to the intersections of the fibers, typically due to interfiber capillary gradients. These intersections become bond sites for the thermoplastic material. When cooled, the thermoplastic materials at these intersections solidify to form the bond sites that hold the matrix or web of fibers together in each of the respective layers. This can be beneficial in providing additional overall integrity to the cleaning substrate.
Amongst its various effects, bonding at the fiber intersections increases the overall compressive modulus and strength of the resulting thermally bonded member. In the case of the chemically stiffened cellulosic fibers, the melting and migration of the thermoplastic material also has the effect of increasing the average pore size of the resultant web, while maintaining the density and basis weight of the web as originally formed. This can improve the fluid acquisition properties of the thermally bonded web upon initial exposure to fluid, due to improved fluid permeability, and upon subsequent exposure, due to the combined ability of the stiffened fibers to retain their stiffness upon wetting and the ability of the thermoplastic material to remain bonded at the fiber intersections upon wetting and upon wet compression. In net, thermally bonded webs of stiffened fibers retain their original overall volume, but with the volumetric regions previously occupied by the thermoplastic material becoming open to thus increase the average interfiber capillary pore size.
Thermoplastic materials useful in the present invention can be in any of a variety of forms including particulates, fibers, or combinations of particulates and fibers. Thermoplastic fibers are a particularly preferred form because of their ability to form numerous interfiber bond sites. Suitable thermoplastic materials can be made from any thermoplastic polymer that can be melted at temperatures that will not extensively damage the fibers that comprise the primary web or matrix of each layer. Preferably, the melting point of this thermoplastic material will be less than about 190° C., and preferably between about 75° C. and about 175° C. In any event, the melting point of this thermoplastic material should be no lower than the temperature at which the thermally bonded absorbent structures, when used in the cleaning pads, are likely to be stored. The melting point of the thermoplastic material is typically no lower than about 50° C.
The surface of the hydrophobic thermoplastic fiber can be rendered hydrophilic by treatment with a surfactant, such as a nonionic or anionic surfactant, e.g., by spraying the fiber with a surfactant, by dipping the fiber into a surfactant or by including the surfactant as part of the polymer melt in producing the thermoplastic fiber. Upon melting and resolidification, the surfactant will tend to remain at the surfaces of the thermoplastic fiber. Suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as Brij® 76 manufactured by ICI Americas, Inc. of Wilmington, Del., and various surfactants sold under the Pegosperse® trademark by Glyco Chemical, Inc. of Greenwich, Conn. Besides nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants can also be used. These surfactants can be applied to the thermoplastic fibers at levels of, for example, from about 0.2 to about 1 g per square centimeter of thermoplastic fiber.
Suitable thermoplastic fibers can be made from a single polymer (monocomponent fibers), or can be made from more than one polymer (e.g., bicomponent or multicomponent fibers). Multicomponent fibers are described in U.S. Pat. App. 2003/0106568 to Keck and Arnold. Bicomponent fibers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,704 to Arnold and Myers and references therein. Multicomponent fibers of a wide range of denier or dtex are described in U.S. Pat. App. 2002/0106478 to Hayase et. al. The “bicomponent fibers” may be thermoplastic fibers that comprise a core fiber made from one polymer that is encased within a thermoplastic sheath made from a different polymer. The polymer comprising the sheath often melts at a different, typically lower, temperature than the polymer comprising the core. As a result, these bicomponent fibers provide thermal bonding due to melting of the sheath polymer, while retaining the desirable strength characteristics of the core polymer.
Suitable bicomponent fibers for use in the present invention can include sheath/core fibers having the following polymer combinations: polyethylene/polypropylene, polyethylvinyl acetate/polypropylene, polyethylene/polyester, polypropylene/polyester, copolyester/polyester, and the like. Particularly suitable bicomponent thermoplastic fibers for use herein are those having a polypropylene or polyester core, and a lower melting copolyester, polyethylvinyl acetate or polyethylene sheath (e.g., those available from Danaklon a/s, Chisso Corp., and CELBOND®, available from Hercules). These bicomponent fibers can be concentric or eccentric. As used herein, the terms “concentric” and “eccentric” refer to whether the sheath has a thickness that is even, or uneven, through the cross-sectional area of the bicomponent fiber. Eccentric bicomponent fibers can be desirable in providing more compressive strength at lower fiber thicknesses.
Methods for preparing thermally bonded fibrous materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,414 to Richards et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,589 to Homey et al. The absorbent layer can also comprise a HIPE-derived hydrophilic, polymeric foam. Such foams and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,167 to DesMarais and U.S. Pat. No. 5,563,179 to Stone et al. The disclosures of these references are incorporated by reference herein.
Various forming methods can be used to form a suitable fibrous web. For instance, the web can be made by nonwoven dry forming techniques, such as air-laying, or alternatively by wet laying, such as on a paper making machine. Other non-woven manufacturing techniques, including but not limited to techniques such as melt blown, spunbonded, needle punched, and hydroentanglement methods can also be used. In one embodiment, the dry fibrous web can be an airlaid nonwoven web comprising a combination of natural fibers, staple length synthetic fibers and a latex binder. The dry fibrous web can be about 20-80 percent by weight wood pulp fibers, 10-60 percent by weight staple length polyester fibers, and about 10-25 percent by weight binder.
The dry, fibrous web can have a basis weight of between about 30 and about 200 grams per square meter. The density of the dry web can be measured after evaporating the liquid from the premoistened wipe, and the density can be less than about 0.15 grams per cubic centimeter. The bulk density is the basis weight of the dry web divided by the thickness of the dry web, measured in consistent units, and the thickness of the dry web is measured using a circular load foot having an area of about 2 square inches and which provides a confining pressure of about 95 grams per square inch. In one embodiment, the dry web can have a basis weight of about 64 grams per square meter, a thickness of about 0.06 cm, and a bulk density of about 0.11 grams per cubic centimeter.
The following patents are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure related to webs: U.S. Pat. No. 3,862,472; U.S. Pat. No. 3,982,302; U.S. Pat. No. 4,004,323; U.S. Pat. No. 4,057,669; U.S. Pat. No. 4,097,965; U.S. Pat. No. 4,176,427; U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,915; U.S. Pat. No. 4,135,024; U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,896; U.S. Pat. No. 4,207,367; U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,161; U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,469; U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,942; U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,859; U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,096; U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,562; U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,509; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,423.
In one embodiment, the cleaning substrate has at least two regions where the regions are distinguished by basis weight. Briefly, the measurement is achieved photographically, by differentiating dark (low basis weight) and light (high basis) network regions. In particular, the cleaning substrate comprises one or more low basis weight regions, wherein the low basis region(s) have a basis weight that is not more than about 80% of the basis weight of the high basis weight regions. In one aspect, the first region is relatively high basis weight and comprises an essentially continuous network. The second region comprises a plurality of mutually discrete regions of relatively low basis weight and which are circumscribed by the high basis weight first region. In particular, a cleaning substrate may comprise a continuous region having a basis weight of from about 30 to about 120 grams per square meter and a plurality of discontinuous regions circumscribed by the high basis weight region, wherein the discontinuous regions are disposed in a random, repeating pattern and having a basis weight of not more than about 80% of the basis weight of the continuous region.
In one embodiment, the cleaning substrate will have, in addition to regions which differ with regard to basis weight, substantial macroscopic three-dimensionality. The term “macroscopic three-dimensionality”, when used to describe three dimensional cleaning substrates means a three-dimensional pattern is readily visible to the naked eye when the perpendicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the substrate is about 12 inches. In other words, the three dimensional structures of the pre-moistened substrates of the present invention are cleaning substrates that are non-planar, in that one or both surfaces of the substrates exist in multiple planes. By way of contrast, the term “planar”, refers to substrates having fine-scale surface aberrations on one or both sides, the surface aberrations not being readily visible to the naked eye when the perpendicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the sheet is about 12 inches. In other words, on a macro scale the observer will not observe that one or both surfaces of the substrate will exist in multiple planes so as to be three-dimensional.
Briefly, macroscopic three-dimensionality is described in terms of average height differential, which is defined as the average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys of a given surface of a substrate, as well as the average peak to peak distance, which is the average distance between adjacent peaks of a given surface. Macroscopic three dimensionality is also described in terms of surface topography index of the outward surface of a cleaning substrate; surface topography index is the ratio obtained by dividing the average height differential of a surface by the average peak to peak distance of that surface. In one embodiment, a macroscopically three-dimensional cleaning substrate has a first outward surface and a second outward surface wherein at least one of the outward surfaces has a peak to peak distance of at least about 1 mm and a surface topography index from about 0.01 mm to about 10 mm. The macroscopically three-dimensional structures of the substrates of the present invention optionally comprise a scrim, which when heated and the cooled, contract so as to provide further macroscopic three-dimensional structure.
In another embodiment, the substrate can comprise a laminate of two outer hydroentangled webs, such as nonwoven webs of polyester, rayon fibers or blends thereof having a basis weight of about 10 to about 60 grams per square meter, joined to an inner constraining layer, which can be in the form of net like scrim material which contracts upon heating to provide surface texture in the outer layers.
The pre-moistened substrate can be made by wetting the dry substrate with at least about 1.0 gram of liquid composition per gram of dry fibrous web. The dry substrate can be wetted with at least about 1.5 or at least about 2.0 grams of liquid composition per gram of the dry fibrous web. The exact amount of solution impregnated on the substrate will depend on the product's intended use. For pre-moistened substrates intended to be used for cleaning counter tops, stove tops, glass etc., optimum wetness is from about 1 gram of solution to about 5 grams of solution per gram of substrate. In the context of a floor-cleaning substrate, the pre-moistened substrate can preferably include an absorbent core reservoir with a large capacity to absorb and retain fluid. The absorbent reservoir can have a fluid capacity of from about 5 grams to about 15 grams per gram of absorptive material. Pre-moistened substrates intended to be used for the cleaning of walls, exterior surfaces, etc. will have a capacity of from about 2 grams to about 10 grams of dry fibrous web.
In addition to having substrates prepared using a mono-layer substrate, it is advantageous in some situations to have the substrate constructed having multiple layers. In one embodiment, the substrate consists of a multi-laminate structure comprising a pre-moistened outer layer, an impermeable film or membrane inner layer and second outer-layer which is substantially dry. To improve the wet capacity of the substrate and to protect the back layer from getting prematurely wet, an optional absorbent reservoir can be placed between the pre-moistened first outer-layer and the impermeable film or membrane. The dimensions of the reservoir can be smaller than the dimensions of the two outer layers to prevent liquid wicking from the front layer onto the back layer.
When a multi-laminate structure is used, the outer layer can contain at least about 30% hydrophobic fibers. The impermeable inner layer can be polyethylene, polypropylene or mixtures thereof. The composition mixture and thickness of the impermeable layer can be chosen so as to minimize any seepage of liquid from the pre-moistened first outer-layer to the dry second outer-layer. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that use of a reservoir core or of a high fluid capacity outer-layer will test the impermeable layer, such that more than one impermeable layer can be required to ensure sufficient dryness for the second outer-layer of the substrate. The reservoir, if present, can consist of treated or untreated cellulose, either as a stand alone material or as a hybrid with hydrophobic fibers. The hydrophobic content of the reservoir layer can be less than about 30% or less than about 20% by weight of the total fiber content of the layer. In one embodiment, the reservoir consists of air-laid cellulose. The second outer-layer, which is substantially dry-to-the-touch, can consist of high absorbency cellulose or blends of cellulose and synthetic fibers.
Chemical bonding utilizes a solvent or adhesive, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,575,749 to Kroyer discloses bonding the fibrous layer with a latex binder, which may be applied to one or both sides of the web. Binders may comprise liquid emulsions, latex binders, liquid adhesives, chemical bonding agents, and mixtures thereof. The binder composition can be made using a latex adhesive commercially available as Rovene 5550 (49 percent solids styrene butadiene) available from Mallard Creek Polymers of Charlotte, N.C. Other suitable binders are available from National Starch and Chemical, including DUR-O-SET 25-149A (Tg=+9° C.), NACRYLIC 25-012A (Tg=−34° C.), NACRYLIC 25-4401 (Tg=−23° C.), NACRYLIC ABX-30-25331A, RESYN 1072 (Tg=+37° C.), RESYN 1601, X-LINK 25-033A, DUR-O-SET C310, DUR-O-SET ELITE ULTRA, (vinylacetate hompolymers and copolymers), STRUCTURECOTE 1887 (modified starch), NATIONAL 77-1864 (Tg=+100° C.)(modified starch), TYLAC NW-4036-51-9 (styrene-butadiene terpolymer), and from Air Products Polymers, including Flexbond AN214 (Tg=+30° C.)(vinylacetate copolymer). A latex emulsion or solution, typically in an aqueous medium, is applied to one or both surfaces of the web to provide a latex coating which partially impregnates the web, and upon curing stabilizes the structure. The latex may be applied to the web by any suitable means such as spraying, brushing, flooding, rolling, and the like. The amount of latex applied and the degree of penetration of the latex are controlled so as to avoid impairing the effective absorbency.
The substrate may also contain superabsorbent materials. A wide variety of high absorbency materials (also known as superabsorbent materials) are known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,663 issued Feb. 28, 1978 to Masuda et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,082 issued Aug. 25, 1981 to Tsubakimoto et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,062,817 issued Dec. 13, 1977 to Westerman, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,706 issued Jul. 20, 1982 to Obayashi et al. The absorbent capacity of such high-absorbency materials is generally many times greater than the absorbent capacity of fibrous materials. For example, a fibrous matrix of wood pulp fluff can absorb about 7-9 grams of a liquid, (such as 0.9 weight percent saline) per gram of wood pulp fluff, while the high-absorbency materials can absorb at least about 15, preferably at least about 20, and often at least about 25 grams of liquid, such as 0.9 weight percent saline, per gram of the high-absorbency material. U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,542, issued to Melius et al., discloses an absorbent article in which superabsorbent material is contained in layers of discrete pouches. Alternately, the superabsorbent material may be within one layer or dispersed throughout the substrate.
The superabsorbent materials can be natural, synthetic, and modified natural polymers and materials. In addition, the superabsorbent materials can be inorganic materials, such as silica gel, or organic compounds such as cross-linked polymers. The term “cross-linked” refers to any means for effectively rendering normally water-soluble materials substantially water insoluble but swellable. Such means can include, for example, physical entanglement, crystalline domains, covalent bonds, ionic complexes and associations, hydrophilic associations, such as hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic associations of Van der Waals forces.
Examples of synthetic superabsorbent material polymers include the alkali metal and ammonium salts of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid), poly(acrylamides), poly(vinyl ethers), maleic anhydride copolymers with vinyl ethers and alpha-olefins, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinylmorpholinone), poly(vinyl alcohol), and mixtures and copolymers thereof. Further superabsorbent materials include natural and modified natural polymers, such as hydrolyzed acrylonitrile-grafted starch, acrylic acid grafted starch, methyl cellulose, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the natural gums, such as alginates, xanthan gum, locust bean gum and the like. Mixtures of natural and wholly or partially synthetic superabsorbent polymers can also be useful in the present invention. Other suitable absorbent gelling materials are disclosed by Assarsson et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,901,236 issued Aug. 26, 1975. Processes for preparing synthetic absorbent gelling polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,663 issued Feb. 28, 1978 to Masuda et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,082 issued Aug. 25, 1981 to Tsubakimoto et al. Superabsorbents may be particulate or fibrous, and are preferably particulate. Superabsorbents are generally available in particle sizes ranging from about 20 to about 1000 microns. Preferred particle sizes range from 100 to 1000 microns. Examples of commercially available particulate superabsorbents include SANWET® IM 3900 and SANWET® IM-5000P, available from Hoescht Celanese located in Portsmouth, Va., DRYTECH® 2035LD available from Dow Chemical Co. located in Midland, Mich., and FAVOR® 880 available from Stockhausen, located in Sweden. FAVOR® 880 is presently preferred because of its high gel strength. An example of a fibrous superabsorbent is OASIS® 101, available from Technical Absorbents, located in Grimsby, United Kingdom.
The cleaning substrate, upon which the cleaning composition is loaded thereon, is made of an absorbent/adsorbent material. Typically, the cleaning substrate has at least one layer of nonwoven material. The loading ratio of the cleaning composition onto the cleaning substrate is about 2-5:1, and typically about 3-4:1. The cleaning composition is loaded onto the cleaning substrate in any number of manufacturing methods.
Examples of suitable nonwoven water insoluble substrates include, 100% cellulose Wadding Grade 1804 from Little Rapids Corporation, 100% polypropylene needlepunch material NB 701-2.8-W/R from American Non-wovens Corporation, a blend of cellulosic and synthetic fibres-Hydraspun 8579 from Ahlstrom Fibre Composites, and &0% Viscose/30% PES Code 9881 from PGI Nonwovens Polymer Corp. Another useful substrate is manufactured by Jacob Holm-Lidro Rough. It is a composition material comprising a 65/35 viscose rayon/polyester hydroentangled spunlace layer with a hydroenlongated bonded polyeser scribbly layer. Still another useful substrate is manufactured by Texel “TI”. It is a composite material manufactured from a layer of coarse fiber 100% polypropylene needlepunch, an absorbent cellulose core and a fine fiber polyester layer needlepunched together. The polypropylene layer can range from 1.5 to 3.5 oz/sq. yd. The cellulose core is a creped paper layer ranging from 0.5 to 2 oz./sq. yd. The fine fiber polyester layer can range from 0.5 to 2 oz./sq. yd. Still another composite material manufactured by Texcel from a layer of coarse fiber 100% polypropylene needlepunch layer, an absorbent cellulose core and a fine fiber polyester layer needlepunched together. The polypropylene layer can range from 1.5 to 3.5 oz/sq. yd. The cellulose core is a creped paper layer ranging from 0.5 to 2 oz/sq. yd. The fine fiber polyester layer can range from 0.5 to 2 oz/sq. yd. The polypropylene layer is flame treated to further increase the level of abrasivity. The temperature of the flame and the length of time the material is exposed can be varied to create different levels of surface roughness.
Ahlstrom manufactures a hydroentangled nonwoven created from a blend of cellulosic and polyester and/or polypropylene fibers with an abrasive side. The basis weight can range from 1.2 to 6 ounces per square yard.
A composite dual textured material manufactured by Kimberly Clark comprises a coarse meltblown polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyester and high loft spunbond polyester. The two materials can be laminated together using chemical adhesives or by coprocessing the two layers. The coarse meltblown layer can range from 1 to 3 ounces per square yard while the highloft spunbond layer can range from 1 to 3 ounces per square yard.
Another example of a composite is a dual textured material composed of coarse meltblown polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyester and polyester/cellulose coform. The two materials can be laminated together using chemical adhesives or by coprocessing the two layers. The coarse meltblown layer can range from 1 to 3 ounces per square yard. The coform layer can range in composition from 30% cellulose and 70% polyester to 70% cellulose and 30% polyester and the basis weight can range from 1.5 to 4.5 ounces per square yard.
The product of the present invention comprising mutliple layers may be ultrasonically bonded after applying the coating of one or more of the layers. Alternatively, layers may be bonded together by needlepunch, thermal bonding, chemical bonding, or sonic bonding prior to applying the coating and/or impregnation.
A sufficient seal strength between laminated layers is important to prevent the layers from peeling off one another. The seal strength is measured by a tensile tester. The tensile tester is a device constructed in such a way that a gradually increasing load is smoothly applied to a defined sample portion until the sample portion breaks. The tensile at the point of breakage (at which time the sample breaks) is frequently called “peak” tensile, or just “peak”. The suitable instrument used for the measurement is Instron 5564 which may be equipped with either digital readout or strip chart data display for load and elongation. The following procedure is conducted under standard laboratory conditions at 23° C. (73° F.) and 50% relative humidity for a minimum of 2.0 hours. (1) Cut a sample into a strip having 1 inch by 5 inches size. At least three strips should be prepared for the measurement. (2) Put the sample strip in the instrument. The way to set the sample strip is to insert the sample strip into the top clamp of the instrument first, and then to clamp the sample strip into the bottom clamp with enough tension to eliminate any slack of the sample strip. (3) Strain the sample strip at 5 inches/minute until breaking it. (4) Read the peak tensile value. (5) Repeat the above procedures (1) to (4) for the other sample strips. (6) Calculate the average tensile as follows: Average Tensile (g/in)=Sum of the peak loads for samples tested divided by the number of test strips tested
The average tensile value for use herein is the average tensile of the three samples. Calculate and report to the nearest whole unit. The seal strength may be at least 120 g/in, preferably 300 g/in, and more preferably 500 g/in to prevent tearing during use.
In one embodiment, the cleaning device comprises a cleaning substrate that is impregnated with a cleaning composition and is ‘wet-to-the-touch’. In another embodiment, the cleaning device comprises a cleaning substrate that is impregnated with a cleaning composition that is ‘dry-to-the-touch’. By ‘dry-to-the-touch’, it is meant that the substrate has no visible liquid on the outside of the substrate and does not drip under gravity, but without externally applied pressure. A ‘dry-to-the-touch’ substrate may expell liquid when squeezed. In another embodiment, the cleaning device contains a removable attached vessel containing a cleaning composition and the cleaning substrate is free of the cleaning composition.
The cleaning composition may contain one or more surfactants selected from anionic, nonionic, cationic, ampholytic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof. A typical listing of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic, and zwitterionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin and Heuring. A list of suitable cationic surfactants is given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,217 to Murphy. Where present, ampholytic, amphotenic and zwitteronic surfactants are generally used in combination with one or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants. The surfactants may be present at a level of from about 0% to 90%, or from about 0.001% to 50%, or from about 0.01% to 25% by weight.
The cleaning composition may comprise an anionic surfactant. Essentially any anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can be comprised in the cleaning composition. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine salts) of the anionic sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactants. Anionic surfactants may comprise a sulfonate or a sulfate surfactant. Anionic surfactants may comprise an alkyl sulfate, a linear or branched alkyl benzene sulfonate, or an alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate, as described herein.
Other anionic surfactants include the isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (for instance, saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (for instance saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters), N-acyl sarcosinates. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tallow oil. Anionic sulfate surfactants suitable for use herein include the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, fatty oleoyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the C5-C17acyl-N—(C1-C4 alkyl) and —N—(C1-C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkylpolysacchanides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described herein). Alkyl sulfate surfactants may be selected from the linear and branched primary C10-C18 alkyl sulfates, the C11-C15 branched chain alkyl sulfates, or the C12-C14 linear chain alkyl sulfates.
Alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants may be selected from the group consisting of the C10-C18 alkyl sulfates which have been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. The alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactant may be a C11-C18, or a C11-C15 alkyl sulfate which has been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 7, or from 1 to 5, moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. One aspect of the invention employs mixtures of the alkyl sulfate and/or sulfonate and alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants. Such mixtures have been disclosed in PCT Patent Application No. WO 93/18124.
Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use herein include the salts of C5-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C6-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, C6-C24 olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfonates, and any mixtures thereof. Suitable anionic carboxylate surfactants include the alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants and the soaps (‘alkyl carboxyls’), especially certain secondary soaps as described herein. Suitable alkyl ethoxy carboxylates include those with the formula RO(CH2CH20)xCH2COO−M+ wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x ranges from 0 to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than 20% and M is a cation. Suitable alkyl polyethoxypolycarboxylate surfactants include those having the formula RO—(CHR1—CHR2-0)—R3 wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable soap surfactants include the secondary soap surfactants, which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. Suitable secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water-soluble members selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-1-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-decanoic acid, 2-propyl-1-nonanoic acid, 2-butyl-1-octanoic acid and 2-pentyl-1-heptanoic acid. Certain soaps may also be included as suds suppressors.
Other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkali metal sarcosinates of formula R—CON(R1)CH—)COOM, wherein R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, R1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group and M is an alkali metal ion. Examples are the myristyl and oleoyl methyl sarcosinates in the form of their sodium salts.
Essentially any alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are suitable herein, for instance, ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants. Alkoxylated surfactants can be selected from the classes of the nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols, nonionic ethoxylate/propoxylate condensates with propylene glycol, and the nonionic ethoxylate condensation products with propylene oxide/ethylene diamine adducts.
The condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from 1 to 25 moles of alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, are suitable for use herein. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Also suitable are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are those having the structural formula R2CONR1Z wherein: R1 is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, ethoxy, propoxy, or a mixture thereof, for instance, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1 or C2 alkyl; and R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl, for instance, straight-chain C5-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, or straight-chain C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or straight-chain C11-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof-, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (for example, ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z may be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction, for example, Z is a glycityl.
Suitable fatty acid amide surfactants include those having the formula: R1CON(R2)2 wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21, or from 9 to 17 carbon atoms and each R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and —(C2H4O)xH, where x is in the range of from 1 to 3.
Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647 to Llenado, having a hydrophobic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from 1.3 to 10 saccharide units. Alkylpolyglycosides may have the formula: R2O(CnH2nO)t(glycosyl)x wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3; t is from 0 to 10, and x is from 1.3 to 8. The glycosyl may be derived from glucose.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the amine oxide surfactants and the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids. Suitable amine oxides include those compounds having the formula R3(OR4)XNO(R5)2 wherein R is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropyl and alkylphenyl group, or mixtures thereof, containing from 8 to 26 carbon atoms; R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof, x is from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3; and each R5 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 3, or a polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3 ethylene oxide groups. Suitable amine oxides are C10-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, and C10-18 acylamido alkyl dimethylamine oxide. A suitable example of an alkyl amphodicarboxylic acid is Miranol™ C2M Conc. manufactured by Miranol, Inc., Dayton, N.J.
Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the cleaning compositions. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Betaine and sultaine surfactants are exemplary zwittenionic surfactants for use herein.
Suitable betaines are those compounds having the formula R(R1)2N+R2COO− wherein R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl. group, each R1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, and R2 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group. Suitable betaines are C12-18 dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the C10-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines. Complex betaine surfactants are also suitable for use herein.
Suitable cationic surfactants to be used herein include the quaternary ammonium surfactants. The quaternary ammonium surfactant may be a mono C6-C16, or a C6-C10 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactant wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups. Suitable are also the mono-alkoxylated and bis-alkoxylated amine surfactants.
Another suitable group of cationic surfactants, which can be used in the cleaning compositions, are cationic ester surfactants. The cationic ester surfactant is a compound having surfactant properties comprising at least one ester (i.e. —COO—) linkage and at least one cationically charged group. Suitable cationic ester surfactants, including choline ester surfactants, have for example been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,228,042, 4,239,660 and 4,260,529. The ester linkage and cationically charged group may be separated from each other in the surfactant molecule by a spacer group consisting of a chain comprising at least three atoms (i.e. of three atoms chain length), or from three to eight atoms, or from three to five atoms, or three atoms. The atoms forming the spacer group chain are selected from the group consisting, of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms and any mixtures thereof, with the proviso that any nitrogen or oxygen atom in said chain connects only with carbon atoms in the chain. Thus spacer groups having, for example, —O—O— (i.e. peroxide), —N—N—, and —N—O— linkages are excluded, whilst spacer groups having, for example —CH2—O—, CH2— and —CH2—NH—CH2— linkages are included. The spacer group chain may comprise only carbon atoms, or the chain is a hydrocarbyl chain.
The cleaning composition may comprise cationic mono-alkoxylated amine surfactants, for instance, of the general formula: R1R2R3N+ApR4X− wherein R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl moiety containing from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, or from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl groups containing from one to about three carbon atoms, for instance, methyl, for instance, both R2 and R3 are methyl groups; R4 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl; X− is an anion such as chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, sulfate, or the like, to provide electrical neutrality; A is a alkoxy group, especially a ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy group; and p is from 0 to about 30, or from 2 to about 15, or from 2 to about 8. The ApR4 group in the formula may have p=1 and is a hydroxyalkyl group, having no greater than 6 carbon atoms whereby the —OH group is separated from the quaternary ammonium nitrogen atom by no more than 3 carbon atoms. Suitable ApR4 groups are —CH2CH2—0H, —CH2CH2CH2—0H, —CH2CH(CH3)—OH and —CH(CH3)CH2—OH. Suitable R1 groups are linear alkyl groups, for instance, linear R1 groups having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
Suitable cationic mono-alkoxylated amine surfactants for use herein are of the formula R1(CH3)(CH3)N+(CH2CH2O)2-5H X− wherein R1 is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl and mixtures thereof, especially C10-C14 alkyl, or C10 and C12 alkyl, and X is any convenient anion to provide charge balance, for instance, chloride or bromide.
As noted, compounds of the foregoing type include those wherein the ethoxy (CH2CH2O) units (EO) are replaced by butoxy, isopropoxy [CH(CH3)CH2O] and [CH2CH(CH3)O] units (i-Pr) or n-propoxy units (Pr), or mixtures of EO and/or Pr and/or i-Pr units.
The cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactant may have the general formula: R1R2N+ApR3A′qR4X− wherein R1 is an alkyl or alkenyl moiety containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, or from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms; R2 is an alkyl group containing from one to three carbon atoms, for instance, methyl; R3 and R4 can vary independently and are selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl, X− is an anion such as chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, sulfate, or the like, sufficient to provide electrical neutrality. A and A′ can vary independently and are each selected from C1-C4 alkoxy, for instance, ethoxy, (i.e., —CH2CH2O—), propoxy, butoxy and mixtures thereof, p is from 1 to about 30, or from 1 to about 4 and q is from 1 to about 30, or from 1 to about 4, or both p and q are 1.
Suitable cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactants for use herein are of the formula R1CH3N+(CH2CH2OH) (CH2CH2OH)X−, wherein R1 is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl and mixtures thereof, or C10, C12, C14 alkyl and mixtures thereof, X− is any convenient anion to provide charge balance, for example, chloride. With reference to the general cationic bis-alkoxylated amine structure noted above, since in one example compound R1 is derived from (coconut) C12-C14 alkyl fraction fatty acids, R2 is methyl and ApR3 and A′qR4 are each monoethoxy.
Other cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactants useful herein include compounds of the formula: R1R2N+—(CH2CH2O)pH—(CH2CH2O)qH X− wherein R1 is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl, or C10-C14 alkyl, independently p is 1 to about 3 and q is 1 to about 3, R2 is C1-C3 alkyl, for example, methyl, and X− is an anion, for example, chloride or bromide.
Other compounds of the foregoing type include those wherein the ethoxy (CH2CH2O) units (EO) are replaced by butoxy (Bu) isopropoxy [CH(CH3)CH2O] and [CH2CH(CH3)O] units (i-Pr) or n-propoxy units (Pr), or mixtures of EO and/or Pr and/or i-Pr units.
The inventive compositions may include at least one fluorosurfactant selected from nonionic fluorosurfactants, cationic fluorosurfactants, and mixtures thereof which are soluble or dispersible in the aqueous compositions being taught herein, sometimes compositions which do not include further detersive surfactants, or further organic solvents, or both. Suitable nonionic fluorosurfactant compounds are found among the materials presently commercially marketed under the tradename Fluorad® (ex. 3M Corp.) Exemplary fluorosurfactants include those sold as Fluorad® FC-740, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters; Fluorad® FC-430, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters; Fluorad® FC-431, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters; and, Fluorad® FC-170-C, which is generally described as being fluorinated alkyl polyoxyethlene ethanols.
Suitable nonionic fluorosurfactant compounds include those which is believed to conform to the following formulation: CnF2n+1SO2N(C2H5)(CH2CH2O)xCH3 wherein: n has a value of from 1-12, or from 4-12, or 8; x has a value of from 4-18, or from 4-10, or 7; which is described to be a nonionic fluorinated alkyl alkoxylate and which is sold as Fluorad® FC-171 (ex. 3M Corp., formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.).
Additionally suitable nonionic fluorosurfactant compounds are also found among the materials marketed under the tradename ZONYL® (DuPont Performance Chemicals). These include, for example, ZONYL® FSO and ZONYL® FSN. These compounds have the following formula: RfCH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)xH where Rf is F(CF2CF2)y. For ZONYL® FSO, x is 0 to about 15 and y is 1 to about 7. For ZONYL® FSN, x is 0 to about 25 and y is 1 to about 9.
An example of a suitable cationic fluorosurfactant compound has the following structure: CnF2n+1SO2NHC3H6N+(CH3)3I− where n˜8. This cationic fluorosurfactant is available under the tradename Fluorad® FC-135 from 3M. Another example of a suitable cationic fluorosurfactant is F3—(CF2)n—(CH2)mSCH2CHOH—CH2—N+R1R2R3 Cl− wherein: n is 5-9 and m is 2, and R1, R2 and R3 are —CH3. This cationic fluorosurfactant is available under the tradename ZONYL® FSD (available from DuPont, described as 2-hydroxy-3-((gamma-omega-perfluoro-C6-20-alkyl)thio)-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propyl ammonium chloride). Other cationic fluorosurfactants suitable for use in the present invention are also described in EP 866,115 to Leach and Niwata.
The fluorosurfactant selected from the group of nonionic fluorosurfactant, cationic fluorosurfactant, and mixtures thereof may be present in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% wt., preferably from 0.01 to 1% wt., and more preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% wt.
Suitable organic solvents include, but are not limited to, C1-6 alkanols, C1-6 diols, C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, polyalkylene glycols, short chain carboxylic acids, short chain esters, isoparafinic hydrocarbons, mineral spirits, alkylaromatics, terpenes, terpene derivatives, terpenoids, terpenoid derivatives, formaldehyde, and pyrrolidones. Alkanols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol, and isomers thereof. Diols include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, propylene and butylene glycols. Alkylene glycol ethers include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol t-butyl ether, di- or tri-polypropylene glycol methyl or ethyl or propyl or butyl ether, acetate and propionate esters of glycol ethers. Short chain carboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid and propionic acid. Short chain esters include, but are not limited to, glycol acetate, and cyclic or linear volatile methylsiloxanes. Water insoluble solvents such as isoparafinic hydrocarbons, mineral spirits, alkylaromatics, terpenoids, terpenoid derivatives, terpenes, and terpenes derivatives can be mixed with a water soluble solvent when employed.
Examples of organic solvent having a vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg (20° C.) include, but are not limited to, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol t-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate (all available from ARCO Chemical Company).
The solvents are preferably present at a level of from 0.001% to 10%, more preferably from 0.01% to 10%, most preferably from 1% to 4% by weight.
The cleaning compositions optionally contain one or more of the following adjuncts: stain and soil repellants, lubricants, odor control agents, perfumes, fragrances and fragrance release agents, brighteners, fluorescent whitening agents, and bleaching agents. Other adjuncts include, but are not limited to, acids, electrolytes, dyes and/or colorants, solubilizing materials, stabilizers, thickeners, defoamers, hydrotropes, cloud point modifiers, preservatives, and other polymers. The solubilizing materials, when used, include, but are not limited to, hydrotropes (e.g. water soluble salts of low molecular weight organic acids such as the sodium and/or potassium salts of toluene, cumene, and xylene sulfonic acid). The acids, when used, include, but are not limited to, organic hydroxy acids, citric acids, keto acid, and the like. Electrolytes, when used, include, calcium, sodium and potassium chloride. Thickeners, when used, include, but are not limited to, polyacrylic acid, xanthan gum, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, alginates, guar gum, methyl, ethyl, clays, and/or propyl hydroxycelluloses. Defoamers, when used, include, but are not limited to, silicones, aminosilicones, silicone blends, and/or silicone/hydrocarbon blends. Bleaching agents, when used, include, but are not limited to, peracids, hypohalite sources, hydrogen peroxide, and/or sources of hydrogen peroxide.
Preservatives, when used, include, but are not limited to, mildewstat or bacteriostat, methyl, ethyl and propyl parabens, short chain organic acids (e.g. acetic, lactic and/or glycolic acids), bisguanidine compounds (e.g. Dantagard and/or Glydant) and/or short chain alcohols (e.g. ethanol and/or IPA). The mildewstat or bacteriostat includes, but is not limited to, mildewstats (including non-isothiazolone compounds) include Kathon GC, a 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, KATHON ICP, a 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and a blend thereof, and KATHON 886, a 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, all available from Rohm and Haas Company; BRONOPOL, a 2-bromo-2-nitropropane 1,3 diol, from Boots Company Ltd., PROXEL CRL, a propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, from ICI PLC; NIPASOL M, an o-phenyl-phenol, Na+ salt, from Nipa Laboratories Ltd., DOWICIDE A, a 1,2-Benzoisothiazolin-3-one, from Dow Chemical Co., and IRGASAN DP 200, a 2,4,4′-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether, from Ciba-Geigy A.G.
Antimicrobial agents include quaternary ammonium compounds and phenolics. Non-limiting examples of these quaternary compounds include benzalkonium chlorides and/or substituted benzalkonium chlorides, di(C6-C14)alkyl di short chain (C1-4 alkyl and/or hydroxyalkl) quaternaryammonium salts, N-(3-chloroallyl) hexaminium chlorides, benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride. Other quaternary compounds include the group consisting of dialkyldimethyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides, dialkylmethylbenzylammonium chlorides, and mixtures thereof. Biguanide antimicrobial actives including, but not limited to polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, p-chlorophenyl biguanide; 4-chlorobenzhydryl biguanide, halogenated hexidine such as, but not limited to, chlorhexidine (1,1′-hexamethylene-bis-5-(4-chlorophenyl biguanide) and its salts are also in this class.
The cleaning composition may include a builder or buffer, which increase the effectiveness of the surfactant. The builder or buffer can also function as a softener and/or a sequestering agent in the cleaning composition. A variety of builders or buffers can be used and they include, but are not limited to, phosphate-silicate compounds, zeolites, alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium polyacetates, trialkali salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, carbonates, bicarbonates, polyphosphates, aminopolycarboxylates, polyhydroxysulfonates, and starch derivatives.
Builders or buffers can also include polyacetates and polycarboxylates. The polyacetate and polycarboxylate compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine triacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetrapropionic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, iminodisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid and copolymers, benzene polycarboxylic acids, gluconic acid, sulfamic acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, organic phosphonic acids, acetic acid, and citric acid. These builders or buffers can also exist either partially or totally in the hydrogen ion form. These builders of buffers can comprise greater than 10%, or greater than 15%, or greater than 20%, or greater than 25%, or greater than 30%, or greater than 35% of the cleaning composition.
The builder agent can include sodium and/or potassium salts of EDTA and substituted ammonium salts. The substituted ammonium salts include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts of methylamine, dimethylamine, butylamine, butylenediamine, propylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and propanolamine.
Buffering and pH adjusting agents, when used, include, but are not limited to, organic acids, mineral acids, alkali metal and alkaline earth salts of silicate, metasilicate, polysilicate, borate, hydroxide, carbonate, carbamate, phosphate, polyphosphate, pyrophosphates, triphosphates, tetraphosphates, ammonia, hydroxide, monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, triethanolamine, and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. Preferred buffering agents for compositions of this invention are nitrogen-containing materials. Some examples are amino acids such as lysine or lower alcohol amines like mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamine. Other preferred nitrogen-containing buffering agents are tri(hydroxymethyl) amino methane (TRIS), 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanol, disodium glutamate, N-methyl diethanolamide, 2-dimethylamino-2-methylpropanol (DMAMP), 1,3-bis(methylamine)-cyclohexane, 1,3-diamino-propanol N,N′-tetra-methyl-1,3-diamino-2-propanol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine) and N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl glycine (tricine). Other suitable buffers include ammonium carbamate, citric acid, acetic acid. Mixtures of any of the above are also acceptable. Useful inorganic buffers/alkalinity sources include ammonia, the alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal phosphates, e.g., sodium carbonate, sodium polyphosphate. For additional buffers see WO 95/07971, which is incorporated herein by reference. Other preferred pH adjusting agents include sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Suitable chelants include, but are not limited to, salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine triacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetrapropionic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, iminodisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid and copolymers, benzene polycarboxylic acids, gluconic acid, sulfamic acid, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, organic phosphonic acids, acetic acid, citric acid and mixtures thereof. The noted chelants can also exist either partially or totally in the hydrogen ion form. In a preferred embodiment, the chelant comprises alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, such as Versene® K4 available from Dow Chemical Company.
Especially preferred are acidic inorganic chelants that dry to a solid, such as sulfamic acid. Other acidic solid inorganic chelants in sodium bisulfite and hydrated silicic acid. These acidic solid inorganic have cleaning advantages, in that they are stronger acids that typical organic carboxylic acids, such as citric acid or glycolic acid. They allow for compositions that when diluted have a pH less than 4, or less than 3, or less than 2. They may be combined with carboxylic acids. Sulfamic acid has the property of reacting with available chlorine to form N-chlorosulfamic which prevents the release of noxious or even hazardous chlorine vapors in the case the tool is used in a toilet that happens to contain bleach, either intentionally added or emitted from an automatic toilet bowl cleaner. Sodium bisulfite is another solid inorganic acid with a pKa about 2. Silicic acid is an inorganic acid that in its pure form is insoluble in water. However, the partially hydrated forms will still dissolve. These are made by precipitating silicates (eg sodium silicate) by adding an acid (eg HCl, etc). The precipitated silica or silica gel will form particles, gels or crystals around the fibers of the pad and adhere to the pad without additional adjuvants.
The chelant, if employed, preferably comprises in the range of approximately 0.5-80.0 wt. %, more preferably, in the range of approximately 1.0-10.0 wt. % of the cleaning composition. The chelant may comprise greater than 2%, or 4%, or 6%, or 8%, or 10%, or 12% of the cleaning composition. The chelant may be greater than 15% of the cleaning composition.
When employed, the builder, buffer, or pH adjusting agent comprises at least about 0.001% and typically about 0.01-5% of the cleaning composition. Preferably, the builder or buffer content is about 0.01-2%.
The cleaning composition may comprise materials which effervesce when combined with water. The materials may be within a water-soluble, water-insoluble, or water-dispersible pouch to slow the effervescent action or to protect the composition from premature hydration. The materials may comprise a polymeric agent to slow the effervescence. One component of the effervescent materials may be an acidic material. Suitable for this purpose are any acids present in dry solid form. Suitable for this purpose are C2-20 organic mono- and poly-carboxylic acids such as alpha- and beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids; C2-20 organophosphorus acids such as phytic acid; C2-20 organosulfur acids such as toluene sulfonic acid; and peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide or materials that generate hydrogen peroxide in solution. Typical hydroxycarboxylic acids include adipic, glutaric, succinic, tartaric, malic, maleic, lactic, salicylic and citric acids as well as acid forming lactones such as gluconolactone and gluccrolactone. A suitable acid is citric acid. Also suitable as acid material may be encapsulated acids. Typical encapsulating material may include water-soluble synthetic or natural polymers such as polyacrylates (e.g. encapsulating polyacrylic acid), cellulosic gums, polyurethane and polyoxyalkylene polymers. By the term “acid” is meant any substance which when dissolved in deionized water at 1% concentration will have a pH of less than 7. These acids may also have a pH of less than 6.5 or less than 5. These acids may be at 25° C. in solid form, i.e. having melting points greater than 25° C. Concentrations of the acid should range from about 0.5 to about 80%, or from about 10 to about 65%, or from about 20 to about 45% by weight of the total composition.
Another component of the effervescent materials may be a alkaline material. The alkaline material may a substance which can generate a gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or oxygen, i.e. effervesce, when contacted with water and the acidic material. Suitable alkaline materials are anhydrous salts of carbonates and bicarbonates, alkaline peroxides (e.g. sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate) and azides (e.g. sodium azide). An example of the alkaline material is sodium or potassium bicarbonate. Amounts of the alkaline material may range from about 1 to about 80%, or from about 5 to about 49%, or from about 15 to about 40%, or from about 25 to about 35% by weight of the total composition.
When the cleaning composition comprises effervescent materials, then the composition may comprise no more than 5%, or no more than 3.5%, or no more than 1% water by weight of the total composition. Water of hydration is not considered to be water for purposes of this calculation. However, water of hydration may be preferred or eliminated. The combined amount of acidic and alkaline materials may be greater than 1.5%, or from about 40 to about 95%, or from about 60 to about 80% by weight of the total composition.
Compositions according to the invention may comprise pine oil, terpene derivatives and/or essential oils. Pine oil, terpene derivatives and essential oils are used primarily for cleaning efficacy. They may also provide some antimicrobial efficacy and deodorizing properties. Pine oil, terpene derivatives and essential oils may be present in the compositions in amounts of up to about 1% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.01% to 0.5% by weight.
In suitable embodiments of the invention, polymeric material that changes the viscosity characteristics of the compositions is incorporated. For some combinations of cleaning compositions and substrates a thickener may be suitable. Thickeners, when used, include, but are not limited to, polyacrylic acid and copolymers, polysaccharide polymers, which include substituted cellulose materials like carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, succinoglycan and naturally occurring polysaccharide polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, tragacanth gum or derivatives thereof.
In suitable embodiments of the invention, polymeric material that improves the hydrophilicity of the surface being treated is incorporated into the present compositions. The increase in hydrophilicity provides improved final appearance by providing “sheeting” of the water from the surface and/or spreading of the water on the surface, and this effect is preferably seen when the surface is rewetted and even when subsequently dried after the rewetting. Polymer substantivity is beneficial as it prolongs the sheeting and cleaning benefits. Another important feature of preferred polymers is lack of visible residue upon drying. In preferred embodiments, the polymer comprises 0.001 to 5%, preferably 0.01 to 1%, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.5% of the cleaning composition.
Compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight of the fragrance oil. Compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.2% to about 25% by weight of the fragrance oil. Compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the fragrance oil.
Since the composition is an aqueous composition, water can be, along with the solvent, a predominant ingredient. The water should be present at a level of less than 99.9%, more preferably less than about 99%, and most preferably, less than about 98%. The water may be deionized, industrial soft water, or any suitable grade or water. Where the cleaning composition is concentrated, the water may be present in the composition at a concentration of less than about 85 wt. %.
The wipe or cleaning pad can be used for cleaning, disinfectancy, or sanitization on inanimate, household surfaces, including floors, counter tops, furniture, windows, walls, and automobiles. Other surfaces include stainless steel, chrome, and shower enclosures. The wipe or cleaning pad can be packaged individually or together in canisters, tubs, etc. The package may contain information printed on said package comprising a instruction to use the more abrasive side to remove soil followed by using the less abrasive side to wipe the soil away. The wipe or cleaning pad can be used with the hand, or as part of a cleaning implement attached to a tool or motorized tool, such as one having a handle. Examples of tools using a wipe or pad include U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,986 to Seals, WO00/71012 to Belt et al., U.S. Pat. App. 2002/0129835 to Pieroni and Foley, and WO00/27271 to Policicchio et al.
Examples of suitable cleaning compositions are provided in Tables I and II. The cleaning compositions can be loaded on the cleaning substrate in a ratio of from 0.2 to 3.0 of cleaning composition to cleaning substrate. The cleaning compositions can be loaded on the cleaning substrate in a ratio of from 1.0 to 2.0 of cleaning composition to cleaning substrate. The pH of the cleaning composition can be measured by adding 5 g of the composition to 100 g of water.
aAPG 325N from Cognis
bAlfonic 1012-5 from Vista Chemical
cDowfax 2A1 from Dow Chemical
dStepanol WAC from Stepan Chemical
eDowanol DPnB from Dow Chemical
fHostapur SAS from Clariant
gGerapon SDS from Rhodia
hNinol 11 CM from Stepan Chemical
iAlco from Alco Chemical
jLaponite B from Southern Clay Producs
kNipacide BCP 50 from Clariant
lKelsan S from Kelco
mCavasol from Wacher
A substrate (Example AA) was prepared by glue lamination of three nonwoven layers. The surface scrubbing layer was formed from needle punched polypropylene (25%-18 denier, 30% 1.5 denier, 45% 3 denier) with a singe finish and reinforced with spunbond 10 gsm polypropylene. The total basis weight of the surface scrubbing layer was 100 gsm. The middle reservoir layer consisted of a 4 layer ultrasonically bonded structure (top and bottom layers—polyester (6,9 denier), carded web forming with chemical bonding, 78 gsm; middle two layers—polypropylene (2 denier), spunbond, 75 gsm). The total basis weight of the middle reservoir layer was 313 gsm. The bottom layer consisted of bicomponent fiber (polyethylene/polyester (3,6 denier)) made by carded web forming, through air bonded. The total basis weight of the bottom layer was 146 gsm. The substrate can be directly attached to a cleaning implement or attached first to a fitment and then to a cleaning implement.
Sanitizer Test. Six grams of the cleaning composition from Example D impregnated onto a substrate pad which was made as described above in Example AA. Prior to use, each substrate pad was wetted for a count of three seconds in 2 L of tap water. The pad was attached to a cleaning implement and wiped across a shower door. The substrate was rewetted as needed on visual cues of fewer bubbles and/or lacking in wetness. A total of 44 square feet on surface was cleaned. After each test, the substrate while still on the cleaning implement was used to perform a sanitizer test. The substrate was used to wipe the contaminated glass carrier back-and-forth a total of 8 times. The contact time was 5 minutes with a 5% soil load added to the bacterial suspension. Following the contact time, the individual carriers were neutralized in 20 mL of D/E broth. Additionally, the substrate was neutralized in 300 mL of D/E broth. After shaking and stomachering respectively, serial dilution and pour plating methods were performed to enumerated each samples. Samples were plated in duplicate at 100, 10−1 and 10−2. Control material (substrate with no active) was also tested in the same manner, after wetting and cleaning the glass door. All appropriate controls were performed. All controls, plates and other material was incubated at 35 to 37° C. for 2 days, then refrigerated prior to counting. The cleaning substrates gave greater than 99.9% reduction of S. aureus on PVC and glazed ceramic tiles.
The substrate prepared in the sanitizer test above was stored for 1 week at room temperature. After storage, the substrate contained no visible liquid on the outside of the pad and was dry-to-the-touch.
Six grams of the cleaning composition from Example D impregnated onto a substrate pad which was made as described above in Example AA. The substrate with the cleaning composition was attached to a cleaning implement and then submerged in water and used to clean shower walls. During the cleaning process the blue appearance of the substrate from the blue dye completely disappeared.
The cleaning composition from Example G was impregnated onto a cleaning substrate. The substrate with the cleaning composition was attached to a cleaning implement and then submerged in water and used to clean shower walls. The cleaning substrate provided effervescence during cleaning.
Without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, one of ordinary skill can make various changes and modifications to the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. As such, these changes and modifications are properly, equitably, and intended to be, within the full range of equivalence of the following claims.
The present application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 11/737,950, which was filed Apr. 20, 2007, entitled “CLEANING COMPOSITION FOR DISPOSABLE CLEANING HEAD”, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/758,722, which was filed Jan. 16, 2004, entitled “CLEANING COMPOSITION FOR DISPOSABLE CLEANING HEAD”, and all incorporated herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10758722 | Jan 2004 | US |
| Child | 11737950 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11737950 | Apr 2007 | US |
| Child | 11869590 | US |
