Cleansing compositions based on C.sub.10 -C.sub.16 acyl lactylate

Abstract

The invention provides a cleansing composition, which comprises in addition to water, (a) from 10 to 30% by weight of one or more C.sub.6 to C.sub.16 acyl lactylates and (b) from 5 to 25% by weight of one or more co-surfactants, such as acyl taurates, isethionates, sarcosinates and sulphosuccinates. The cleansing compositions are primarily intended to be used as personal washing products, such as facial wash foams, bath foams and hair shampoos.

Description

The invention relates to cleansing compositions. In particular, the invention is concerned with very mild and high foaming cleansing compositions suitable for cleansing the skin and hair.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART

The most widely used anionic surfactants in cleansing compositions are alkyl sulphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulphates and alkyl benzene sulphonates. These compounds are known to have a good foaming and deterging power. Due to their harshness, however, they are not desirable as components for cleansing compositions topically applied to human skin and hair. Their damaging effect particularly where young, tender or damaged skin is involved, has been the subject of intense study for many years.

On the other hand milder surfactants often suffer from the draw-back that they do not provide high foam which is very important for the consumer. Therefore, there is a strong need for products which are not only very mild but also possess an excellent foaming power.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,728,447 (C. J. Patterson) discloses hair shampoo compositions containing fatty acid lactylates or glycolates. While the cleaning action of shampoos based on the fatty acid lactylates is satisfactory the foam is minimal. In order to achieve higher foaming action it is described to include harsh detergents such as sodium lauryl sulphate or triethanolamine lauryl sulphate. When the lactylates are used in conjunction with such a booster detergent the quantity of the lactylates present in the composition is reduced down to about 1 to 2% by weight.

EP-A-224 796 (Kao) describes a detergent composition comprising (a) a phosphate surfactant and (b) an acyl lactylate having an acyl group containing 12 to 18 carbons atoms. The detergent composition is said to have excellent foaming characteristics as well as excellent detergency and mildness to the skin and hair. It is taught that these characteristics are only achievable if the acyl lactylate is used in an amount of not more than 5% by weight and preferably not more than 3% by weight of the composition.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,279 (Eastman Kodak) describes shaving cream formulations comprising salts of acyl lactylates, saturated monoglycerides, propyleneglycol mono esters and humectants.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,832 (RITA Corporation) describes cosmetic base compositions comprising 1 to 15% by weight sucrose fatty acid ester, 3 to 45% by weight acyl lactylate or its alkali metal salts and solvent. The compositions promote wound healing and reduces skin dryness. Foaming properties of the compositions are not reported.

Applicants in their search for mild cleansing compositions, in particular for cleansing human skin or hair, with the added attribute that full lather is produced, have unexpectedly discovered that a narrow range of acyl lactylates in combination with specific co-surfactants provide the desired effects when used in particular amounts. The compositions so obtained are capable of producing a superior lather and accordingly have great consumer appeal. Also, the compositions are so mild that they can safely be used for cleansing the skin and the hair and other more delicate skin areas.

DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the invention provides a cleansing composition which comprises, in addition to water,

(a) from 10 to 35% by weight of one or more acyl lactylate(s) of the following structure (1) ##STR1##where R.sup.1 CO represents a C.sub.6 to C.sub.16 acyl radical; a is an integer from 1 to 3; M.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a counterion chosen from alkali metal, ammonium or a substituted ammonium group having one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group(s); and (b) from 5 to 25% by weight of one or more co-surfactant(s) chosen from thefollowing compounds (A) to (O): (A) N-methyl-N-acyl taurates of the following structure (2) ##STR2##where R.sup.2 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and M.sup.2 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); (B) Acylisethionates of the following structure (3) R.sup.3 CO--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M.sup.3 (3) where R.sup.3 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and M.sup.3 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); (C) Alkylesters of .omega.-sulphonated carboxylic acids of the following structure (4) ##STR3##where R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.4 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and (b) is an integer from 1 to 3; (D) Fatty acylamido polyoxyethylene sulphates of the following structure (5) R.sup.5 CO--NH--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.c --SO.sub.3 M.sup.5(5) where R.sup.5 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; M.sup.5 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and c is an integer from 1 to 10; (E) Fatty acid polyglyceride sulphates of the following structure (6) R.sup.6 CO--O--(CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 O).sub.d --SO.sub.3 M.sup.6(6) where R.sup.6 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; M.sup.6 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and d is an integer from 1 to 4; (F) Mono substituted sulphosuccinates of the following structures (7a) or (7b) ##STR4##where Z.sup.7 is chosen from the following groups (i) to (iii): (i) R.sup.8CO--NH--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.e --, where R.sup.a CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and e is an integer from 1 to 10; (ii) R.sup.b --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.f --, where R.sup.b represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.1 8 alkyl group; and f is an integer from 1 to 10; (iii) R.sup.c --O--, where R.sup.c represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; and X.sup.7 and Y.sup.7 are independently from each other chosen from the counterions represented by M.sup.1 in structure (1); (G) Mono substituted phosphates of the following structure (8) ##STR5##where R.sup.8 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.8a and M.sup.8b are independently from each other chosen from the group of species represented by M.sup.1 in structure (1); and g is an integer from 0 to 3; (H) Alkyl poly(ethylene glycol) acetates of the following structure (9) ##STR6##where R.sup.9 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.9 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and h is an integer from 1 to 10; (I) Salts of N-acyl .alpha.-amino acids of the following structure (10) ##STR7##where R.sup.10 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; Z.sup.10 represents H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl; Y.sup.10 represents H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl substituted with a COOH group; and M.sup.10 is chosen from the counterions represented by M.sup.1 in structure (1); (K) Alkyl polyglucosides of the following structure (11) ##STR8##where R.sup.11 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 alkyl group; and n is an integer from 1 to 3; (L) Poly(oxyalkylene) fatty alkyl ether of the following structure (12) R.sup.12 --O--(Z.sup.12 O).sub.p H (12) where R.sup.12 represents a C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; Z.sup.12 is a C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkylene group; and p is an integer from 1 to 10; (M) N-substituted betaines of the following structure (13) ##STR9##where Z.sup.13 represents (i) a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; or (ii) a R.sup.13 CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 group, where R.sup.13 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; (N) Sultaines of the following structure (14) ##STR10##where Z.sup.14 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group or a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl amido group; (O) Alkyl amphocarboxylates of the following structure (15) ##STR11##where R.sup.15 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; Z.sup.15 and Y.sup.15 are independently from each other chosen from H, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH or (CH.sub.2).sub.r COO.sup.- ; r is 1 or 2; and M.sup.15 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); the composition having a foam height of more than 130 mm, as measured by the foam height test described herein.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The Acyl lactylate

The composition according to the invention comprises from 10 to 35% by weight of one or more acyl lactylate(s) of the following structure (1) ##STR12##where R.sup.1 CO represents a C.sub.6 to C.sub.16 acyl radical; a is an integer from 1 to 3; M.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a counterion chosen from alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium group having one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group (s).

Examples of acyl lactylates having the above structure (1) include:

Sodium lauroyl monolactylate Sodium myristoyl monolactylate Sodium decanoyl monolactylate Potassium dodecanoyl monolactylate Potassium dodecanoyl dilactylaate Sodium myristoyl dilactylate Sodium lauroyl dilactylate Lauroyl dilactylic acid Palmitoyl dilactylic acid Triethanolammonium dodecanoyl monolactylate Ammonium decanoyl monolactylate, and Triethanolammonium decanoyl monolactylate.

The preferred acyl group R.sup.1 CO is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 acyl group.

Preferred examples for M.sup.1 include sodium, potassium, ammonium and triethanolammonium.

The amount of the acyl lactylate present in the composition according to the invention is preferably from 15 to 30%, most preferred from 20 to 30% by weight of the composition.

The Co-surfactant

The composition according to the invention further comprises one or more co-surfactant(s) in an amount from 5 to 25% by weight of the composition. The co-surfactant is chosen from the compounds (A) to (O) described hereinafter.

The preferred amount of the co-surfactant present in the composition is from 10 to 25% by weight.

The co-surfactants useful in the present invention are not only very mild but also result in high foaming compositions when combined with the acyl lactylate in the specified amounts.

The following compounds are suitable as co-surfactant in the cleansing composition according to the invention.

(A) N-methyl-N-acyl taurates, having the following structure (2) ##STR13##where R.sup.2 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and M.sup.2 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1).

Preferred examples for taurates having the structure (2) include:

Sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl taurate, e.g. available as Diapon K from Nippon Oil and Fats, Sodium N-methyl-N-lauroyl taurate, e.g. available as Diapon LM from Nippon Oils and Fats, Sodium N-methyl-N-myristoyl taurate, e.g. available as Nikkol MMT from Nikkol Chemicals.

(B) Acylisethionates, having the structure (3);

R.sup.3 CO--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M.sup.3 (3) R.sup.3 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and M.sup.3 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1).

The preferred example for an Acylisethionate having the structure (3) is sodium cocoyl isethionate, e.g. available as Fenopon AC 78 from Rhone Poulenc.

(C) Alkylesters of .omega.-sulphonated carboxylic acids, having the structure (4); ##STR14##where R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.4 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and (b) is an integer from 1 to 3.

The preferred example for an Alkylester of a .omega.-sulphonated carboxylicacid having the structure (4) is sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, e.g. available as Lathanol LAL from Stepan or as Nikkol LSA and Nikkol Chemicals.

(D) Fatty acylamido polyoxyethylene sulphates, having the structure (5);

R.sup.5 CO--NH--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.c --SO.sub.3 M.sup.5(5) where R.sup.5 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; M.sup.5 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and c is an integer from 1 to 10.

The preferred example for a sulphate having the structure (5) is sodium cocoyl amide EO-3 sulphate, e.g. available as Sunamide C-3 from Nippon Oils & Fats.

(E) Fatty acyl polyglyceride sulphates, having the structure (6);

R.sup.6 CO--O--(CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 O).sub.d --SO.sub.3 M.sup.6(6) where R.sup.6 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; M.sup.6 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and d is an integer from 1 to 4;

A preferred example for a fatty acyl poly(glyceride) sulphate having the structure (6) is sodium cocoyl monoglyceride sulphate, available from Jan Dekker International.

(F) Mono substituted sulphosuccinates, having the structures (7a) or (7b); ##STR15##where Z.sup.7 is chosen from the following groups (i) to (iii): (i) R.sup.aCO--NH--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.e --, where R.sup.a CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and e is an integer from 1 to 10;

(ii) R.sup.b --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.f --, where R.sup.b represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; and f is an integer from 1 to 10; (iii) R.sup.c --O--, where R.sup.c represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; and X.sup.7 and Y.sup.7 are independently from each other chosen from the counterions represented by M.sup.1 in structure (1).

Preferred examples for mono substituted sulphosuccinates represented by thestructures (7a) and (7b) include:

Disodium lauroyl amido (EO)-2 to 3 sulphosuccinate e.g. available as Beaulight A-5000 from Sanyo Chemicals, a mixture of Disodium lauryl (PEG)-2 sulphosuccinate and Disodium myristyl (PEG)-2 sulphosuccinate, e.g. available as Beaulight ESS from Sanyo Chemicals, Disodium lauryl (PEG)-2 to 3 sulphosuccinate, e.g. available as Rewopol SBFA 30 from Rewo, and Disodium lauryl sulphosuccinate, e.g. available as Beaulight SSS from SanyoChemicals.

The short form (EO)-2 to 3 denotes that, as an average value, 2 to 3 oxyethylene groups are present per molecule sulphosuccinate. On the other hand, the short form (PEG)-2 to 3 stands for the presence of a polyethylene glycol group derived from, as an average value, 2 to 3 ethylene glycol molecules per molecule sulphosuccinate.

(G) Mono substituted phosphates, having the structure (8), ##STR16##where R.sup.8 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.8a and M.sup.8b are independently from each other chosen from the group of species represented by M.sup.1 in structure (1); and g is an integer from 0 to 3.

Preferred examples for Mono substituted phosphates having the structure (8)include:

Monosodium monolauryl phosphate, e.g. available as Phosten HLP from Nikkol Chemicals, Monosodium monolauryl (EO)-1 phosphate, e.g. available as Phosten HLP-1 from Nikkol Chemicals, and Monosodium monolauryl (EO)-2 to 3 phosphate, e.g. available as Phosphanol ML 220 from Toho Chemicals.

(H) Alkyl poly(ethylene glycol) acetate, having the structure (9), ##STR17##where R.sup.9 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; M.sup.9 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); and h is an integer from 1 to 10.

Preferred examples for Alkyl (PEG) acetates having the structure (9) include, Sodium Cocoyl PEG-10 acetate, e.g. available as Marlinat CM 105 from Huls, and Sodium tridecyl (PEG)-3 acetate, e.g. available as Beaulight ECA from Sanyo Chemicals.

(I) Salts of N-acyl .alpha.-amino acids, having the structure (10); ##STR18##where R.sup.10 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; Z.sup.10 represents H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl; Y.sup.10 represents H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl substituted with a COOH group; and M.sup.10 is chosen from the counteriouns represented by M.sup.1in structure (1).

Preferred examples for salts of N-acyl .alpha.-amino acids having the structure (10) include:

Sodium N-lauroyl glutamate, available as Amisoft, LS-11 from Ajinomoto Inc., Sodium N-cocoyl glutamate, e.g. available as Amisoft CS-11 from Ajinomoto Inc., Triethanolammonium N-cocoyl sarcosinate, e.g. available as Firet KT from Nippon Oil and Fats, Sodium N-decanoyl sarcosinate, Sodium N-lauroyl alaninate, e.g. available as Alaninate LN-30 from Nikkol Chemicals, Sodium N-cocoyl alaninate, Sodium N-cocoyl aspartate, and Sodium N-lauroyl aspartate.

(K) Alkyl poly glucoside, having the structure (11); ##STR19##where R.sup.11 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 alkyl group; and n is an integer from 1 to 3.

Preferred examples for Alkyl poly glucosides having the structure (11) include;

Decyl poly glucoside (n=1.44), e.g. available as Oramix NS10 from Seppic, and C.sub.9 -C.sub.11 Alkyl poly glucoside (n=1.4), e.g. available as APG 300 from Henkel.

(L) Poly(oxyalkylene) fatty alkyl ether, having the structure (12),

R.sup.12 --O--(Z.sup.12 O).sub.p H (12) where R.sup.12 represents a C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; Z.sup.12 is a C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkylene group; and p is an integer from 1 to 10.

Preferred examples for a poly(oxyalkylene)-fatty alkyl ether having the structure (12) are (PEG)-6 lauryl ether and (PEG)-6 myristyl ether. A mixture of (PEG)-6 C.sub.12 -C.sub.15 is available as Dobanol 91-6 from Shell Chemicals.

(M) N-substituted Betaines, having the structure (13); ##STR20##where Z.sup.13 represents (i) a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; or

(ii) a R.sup.13 CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 group, where R.sup.13 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group.

Preferred examples for N-substituted Betaines having the structure (13) include:

Lauryl dimethyl betaine, e.g. available as Empigen BB from Albright & Wilson, and cocoamidopropyl betaine, e.g. available as Tegobetaine L7F from Goldschmidt.

(N) Sultaines, having the structure (14); ##STR21##where Z.sup.14 represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group or a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl amido group.

A preferred example for a Sultaine having the structure (14) is Cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, e.g. available as Cycloteric BET-CS from Alcolac.

(O) Alkylamphocarboxylates, having the structure (15); ##STR22##where R.sup.15 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; Z.sup.15 and Y.sup.15 are independently from each other chosen from H, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH or (CH.sub.2).sub.r COO.sup.- ; r is 1 or 2; and M.sup.15 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1).

Preferred examples for Alkylamphocarboxylates having the structure (15) include:

Cocoamphoglycinate e.g. available from GAF, Wheatgerm amphodiglycinate, Cocamphodipropionate, e.g. available as Mirataine C2MS from Rhone Poulenc, Caprylamphodipropionate, e.g. available as Miranol S2MSF from Rhone Poulenc, Cocoamphoacetate, e.g. available as Nissan Anon GLM-R from Nippon Oils & Fats. Water

The cleansing composition according to the invention also comprises water. The water will normally be present in an amount of up to 85%, preferably from 10 to 85% by weight of the composition.

Optional Ingredients

The cleansing composition according to the invention can also comprise optional ingredients to modify the physical or chemical characteristics ofthe composition, e.g. product form, foaming properties, pH-value or shelf life.

Examples for ingredients which can be included in the compositions according to the invention are:

Emollients, such as:

[PEG]-20 Corn Glycerides, [PEG]-60 Corn Glycerides, [PEG]-20 Almond Glycerides, [PEG]-60 Almond Glycerides, [PEG]-12 Palm Kernel Glycerides, [PEG]-45 Palm Kernel Glycerides, [PEG]-20 Evening Primrose Glycerides, [PEG]-60 Evening Primrose Glycerides, Ethoxylated (EO)-20 methyl glucoside, also referred to as Methyl gluceth-20 Propoxylated (EO)-10 methyl glucoside.

A group of preferred emollients are poly (oxyalkylene) glycerides mono-substituted with a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group and having up to 20 C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 oxyalkylene moieties per molecule of the glyceride, as an average value.

Especially preferred emollients are Polyoxyalkylene methyl glucosides having, as an average value, up to 20 C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 oxyalkylene moieties per molecule glucoside. These emollients are very beneficial as they impart a soft feeling to the skin and support the ability of the skinto retain moisture. Examples for such Polyoxyalkylene methyl glucosides areavailable as Glucam E-20 and Glucam P10, respectively, from Amerchol.

Humectants, such as glycerine, sorbitol, sodium 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate, soluble collagen, gelatine, ethoxylated (EO)-20 methyl glucoside, and propoxylated (EO)-10 methyl glucoside.

Preservatives, such as ethanol, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid,alkali metal halides;

PH controlling agents, such as Sodium hydroxide, Citric acid, Triethanolamine, Potassium hydroxide, Amino Sorbitol. The pH controlling agents are preferably present in an amount sufficient to adjust the composition to a pH value in the range of 5.5 to 8.5.

Propellants, such as fluorochloro hydrocarbons, propane, butane, isobutane,dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide;

Foam modifying agents, such as cationic polymers, especially quaternised ammonium hydroxy ethyl cellulose polymers, e.g. available as polyquaternium-24 or polyquaternium-10. These polymers make the foam creamier and richer.

Further Optional Ingredients

The composition according to the invention can also contain other optional agents, that is ingredients other than the main ingredients already defined which are conventionally employed in cleansing compositions, such as thickeners.

USE OF THE COMPOSITION

The cleansing composition according to the invention is primarily intended as a personal washing product for cleansing the face. It can also be used for washing the hair as well as the whole body. The composition according to the invention is preferably used as facial cleanser, facial wash foam, hair shampoo, body shampoo, bath foam or shaving cream. Due to the high detergency provided by the composition it is also possible to use it in non-cosmetic applications, such as a household cleanser, carpet cleanser or detergent for tableware.

The following procedure is an example for the use of the cleansing composition according to the invention; a small quantity, for example from1 to 5 ml, of the composition is either rubbed between the hands, together with water together to form a foam which is then used for washing or applied via a sponge to the area to be cleansed, or the foam is generated directly on that area. The foam is subsequently rinsed away with clean water.

The cleansing composition according to the invention can take the form of aliquid or gel, intended to be dispensed from a capped container such as a bottle, roll-on applicator or tube, or a pump-operated or propellant-driven aerosol dispenser. The composition can also take the form of a solid, such as a stick or a bar or tablet intended to be used for washing instead of a conventional soap bar.

Foaming Properties of the Composition

Although the composition according to the invention does not include harsh surfactants, as are found in conventional cleansing compositions, its foaming power is excellent. This is shown by the foam-heights measured by the Foam-Height Test described hereinafter.

Foam-Height Test

The test-method which has been used to assess the foaming power of the cleansing compositions according to the invention is the ASTM D 1173-53 test, also referred to as Ross-Miles test, and described in J. Ross and G.D. Miles, American Society for Testing Materials, 1953, pages 644-646. The test has been carried out at a temperature of 20.degree. C. by using an aqueous test solution of 0.3% by weight acyl lactylate and 0.1% by weight co-surfactant. This is a realistic concentration of the cleansing composition according to the invention when used by the consumer, e.g. when topically applied on the face or body together with water to generatethe desired foam. The pH value of the test solution has been adjusted to a pH of 7.5 by addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

The following Table I shows the foam heights obtained by using various cleansing compositions according to the invention. In any case the acyl lactylate was a mixture of 70% by weight sodium lauroyl lactylate and 30% by weight myristoyl lactylate. This mixture is available under the trade name Pationic 138C from RITA Patterson. The foam height measured for this mixture without added co-surfactant is quoted as experiment (27).

TABLE I______________________________________ Foam-Co-surfactant height (mm)______________________________________(1) Sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl taurate 193(2) Sodium N-methyl-N-lauroyl taurate 198(3) Sodium N-methyl-N-myristoyl taurate 193(4) Triethanolammonium N-cocoyl sarcosinate 210(5) Sodium N-cocoyl glutamate 165(6) Sodium cocoyl isethionate 185(7) Sodium mono lauryl phosphate 180(8) Sodium mono lauryl [EO]-1 phosphate 160(9) Sodium mono lauryl [EO]-2 to 3 190 phosphate(10) Sodium cocoyl [PEG]-10 acetate 180(11) Sodium tridecyl [PEG]-3 acetate 155(12) Sodium N-lauroyl alaninate 172(13) Sodium lauryl sulphoacetate 194(14) Sodium cocoyl amido [EO]-3 sulphate 190(15) Disodium lauroyl amido [EO]-2 to 3 148 sulphosuccinate(16) Disodium lauryl sulphosuccinate 175(17) Disodium lauryl [PEG]-2 to 3 170 sulphosuccinate(18) Mixture of Disodium lauryl/myristyl 180 [PEG]-2 sulphosuccinate(19) Sodium cocoyl mono glyceride sulphate 158(20) Decyl polyglucoside (N* = 1.44) 170(21) C.sub.9 --C.sub.11 Alkyl polyglucoside (n* = 1.4) 172(22) [PEG]-6 C.sub.12 --C.sub.15 fatty alkyl ether 168(23) N-lauryl dimethyl betaine 180(24) Cocoamidopropyl betaine 170(25) Cocoamphodipropionate 165(26) Cocoamphoacetate 173(27) -- 125______________________________________n* degree of polymerisation, cf. structure (11)

It can be seen from experiment (27) that all the co-surfactants used in experiments (1)-(26) enhance the foam height of the acyl lactylate mixturePationic 138C to some degree. In particular, taurates having the structure (2), sarcosinates having the structure (10), sulphosuccinates , having thestructures (7a) or (7b) and isethionates having the structure (3) are capable of increasing the foam height drastically.

The components of the composition and their amounts are chosen in such a manner that the cleansing composition according to the invention has a foam height of more than 130 mm, as measured by the foam height test carried out under the conditions described above.

Preferably the compositions according to the invention have a foam height of more than 150 mm, more preferred more than 170 mm and most preferred more than 190 mm.

The superiority of the compositions according to the invention as compared to conventional products is shown by the foam heights stated in the following Table II for facial wash foams based on conventional surfactant systems. Again the Ross-Miles test under the above defined conditions was carried out to assess the respective foam heights. The test solutions wereaqueous solutions containing the conventional product at a concentration of1.0% by weight. The percentages given below for the ingredients of the surfactant systems are based on the weight of the respective product.

TABLE II______________________________________Surfactant-System Foam Height (mm)______________________________________(1) 14% cocoyl isethionate 99(2) 37% mixture of C.sub.18 /C.sub.16 /C.sub.14 /C.sub.12 76 potassium soaps(3) 36% mixture of C.sub.14 /C.sub.12 52 triethanolammonium soaps(4) 19% Fatty acyl glutamate, 70 2% Fatty acyl sarcosinate, 4% C.sub.14 /C.sub.12 potassium soap,(5) 10% nonionic surfactant, 114 4% ether sulphate, 1.6% Fatty acyl sarcosinate(6) 30% C.sub.18 /C.sub.14 /C.sub.12 potassium soaps 54 5% Sodium lauroyl glutamate(7) 10% Sodium lauryl ethersulphate 128 4% Cocamidopropyl betaine______________________________________

The above data clearly show that the compositions according to the invention give a much higher foam height than cleansing compositions basedon conventional surfactant systems.

Although the cleansing compositions according to the invention comprise high amounts of acyl lactylate, namely from 10 to 30% by weight an excellent foaming power is achieved, as is shown by the data in Table I. This is clearly in contrast to the teaching of the prior art as disclosed in EP-A-224 796 (Kao) that only amounts of less than 5% by weight of acyl lactylate should be included in surfactant systems to obtain mild and highfoaming cleansing compositions.

The data given in Table III below show the greater foaming power obtainableby compositions embodying the present invention compared to the prior art described in EP-A-224796. Examples (i) to (viii) in Table III contain the same lactylates in the same amounts as corresponding Examples 2 to 9 in Table 7-1 of EP-A-224796. In each of cases (i) to (viii) a 7:3 mixture of triethanolamine mono:di lauryl phosphate was present at a level of 15 wt %, triethanolamine was added to adjust the pH to 7.5 and demineralised water was used to 100 wt %. As shown in Table III in each case the lactylate content is less than 5 wt % and the foam height, as measured by the Ross-Miles test described above, is less than 130 mm.

TABLE III______________________________________Lactylate present Foam height (mm)______________________________________(i) 0.5 wt % stearoyl lactylate 100(ii) 2.0 wt % stearoyl lactylate 100(iii) 0.5 wt % iso-stearoyl lactylate 105(iv) 2.0 wt % iso-stearoyl lactylate 100(v) 0.5 wt % lauroyl lactylate 105(vi) 2.0 wt % lauroyl lactylate 115(vii) 0.5 wt % myristoyl lactylate 105(viii) 2.0 wt % myristoyl lactylate 109______________________________________

In contrast Table IV below gives the foaming power of compositions embodying the present invention. The foaming power was measured by the Ross Miles test described above. In each case the solutions were adjusted to pH 7.5 by addition of 20% aqueous solution of NaOH and were made up to 100% with demineralised water.

TABLE IV______________________________________ FoamSurfactant System Height (mm)______________________________________(ix) 17 wt % 1:1 Sodium C.sub.10 :C.sub.12 lactylate 135 2 wt % Sodium N-myristoyl-N-methyl taurate(x) 10 wt % 7:3 Sodium C.sub.12 :C.sub.14 lactylate 135 5 wt % Disodium lauryl/myristoyl sulphosuccinate(xi) 15 wt % 7:3 Sodium C.sub.12 :C.sub.14 lactylate 160 2 wt % triethanolamine mono:di 7:3 lauryl phosphate(xii) 17 wt % 7:3 Sodium C.sub.12 :C.sub.14 lactylate 150 2 wt % Decyl polyglucoside(xiii) 17 wt % 7:3 Sodium C.sub.12 :C.sub.14 lactylate 150 2 wt % Sodium cocoyl isethionate______________________________________

As can be seen from Table IV each surfactant system embodying the present invention had a foam height above 130 mm.

The superiority of the cleansing compositions according to the invention toconventional compositions comprising less than 10% by weight of acyl lactylate is demonstrated by the data given in the following Table V.

The foam heights were again measured by the Ross-Miles Test conducted underthe conditions as defined above.

All percentages given are based on the weight of the respective test solution. All test solutions were adjusted to a pH value of 7.5 by addition of aqueous NaOH solution.

TABLE V______________________________________ FoamTest Solutions Height (mm)______________________________________(A) 5% lauroyl dilactylic acid 112 5% Triethanolammonium laury sulphate 5% Coconut diethanolamide to 100% demineralised water(B) 7% lauroyl dilactylic acid 119 5% Triethanolammonium laury sulphate 3% Coconut diethanolamide to 100% demineralised water(C) 9% lauroyl dilactylic acid 116 1% Triethanolammonium laury sulphate 1% Coconut diethanolamide to 100% demineralised water(D) 9% lauroyl dilactylic acid 104 3% Triethanolammonium laury sulphate 1% Coconut diethanolamide to 100% demineralised water(E) 10% Sodium lauroyl/myristoyl lactylate 141 (Pationic 138 C) 4% Sodium cocoyl isethionate 1% Cocoampho carboxy glycinate to 100% demineralised water(F) 12% Sodium lauroyl/myristoyl lactylate 136 (Pationic 138 C) 1.5% Sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate 1.5% Sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl taurate to 100% demineralised water(G) 15% Sodium lauroyl/myristoyl lactylate 136 (Pationic 138 C) 2% Sodium laurylamide [EO]-3 sulphate to 100% demineralised water______________________________________

The above data show that, although the compositions according to the invention (E) to (G) are used in amounts of 10% by weight or more, they foam much better than the conventional compositions (A) to (D).

The following examples further illustrate the invention by giving conventionally prepared formulations for different types of cleansing compositions.

EXAMPLES

______________________________________Example 1 - Facial Cleanser wt %______________________________________Potassium dodecanoyl monolactylate 15.00Potassium dodecanoyl dilactylate 15.00Disodium lauryl sulphosuccinate 7.00Glycerol (Humectant) 5.00Sodium chloride (Thickener) 4.20Methyl gluceth-20 (Humectant/Emollient) 3.00Polyquaternium 10 (Foam modifier) 0.40Ethyleneglycol monostearate (Thickener) 0.40Preservative 0.30Fragrance 0.30Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 153 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 2 - Mild Facial Cleanser wt %______________________________________Sodium myristoyl dilactylate 20.00Sorbitol (Humectant) 9.00Sodium cocoyl isethionate 7.00Cocoamidopropyl hydroxysulphobetaine 4.00Polyoxyethylene [EO]-20 sorbitan monolaurate 3.00(Thickener)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Thickener) 0.20Preservative 0.20Fragrance 0.10Citric acid to pH 6.0-6.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 162 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 3 - Facial Cleanser for Dry Skin wt %______________________________________Sodium lauroyl dilactylate 25.00Sodium monolauryl phosphate 10.00Propylene glycol 10.00Polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-150 distearate 5.00Preservative 0.25Fragrance 0.20Citric acid to pH 6.5-7.0Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 139 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 4 -Mild Facial Cleanser for Sensitive Skin wt %______________________________________Lauroyl dilactylic acid 20.0Sodium N-methyl-N-myristoyl taurate 6.00Cocoamphoacetate 3.50Glycerol (Humectant) 9.00Diglycerol (Humectant) 1.00PEG-20 almond glycerides (Emollient) 5.00Polyquaternium 24 (Thickener, Foam Modifier) 0.40Sodium Hydroxide (aq. soln.) to pH 6.0-6.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 150 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 5 - Liquid Hand Soap wt %______________________________________Lauroyl dilactylic acid 7.50Palmitoyl dilactylic acid 7.50Triethanolammonium N-lauroyl glutamate 9.00Cocoamidopropyl betaine 4.00Propyleneglycol hydroxy isostearate (Thickener) 1.00Trisodium citrate (Thickener) 7.00Preservative 0.26Fragrance 0.15Triethanolamine to pH 7.0-7.3Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 144 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 6 -Anti-Acne Facial Cleansing Scrub Gel wt %______________________________________Sodium decanoyl monolactylate 18.00Sodium N-cocoyl sarcosinate 6.00Benzoyl peroxide (70% aq. soln.) 14.30Polyoxyethylene (PEG)-20 cetyl ether 10.00(Thickener, Emulsifier)Magnesium aluminium silicate (Thickener) 1.00Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.20(Chelating Agent)Sodium Hydroxide to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 135 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 7 - Hair Shampoo wt %______________________________________Triethanolammonium dodecanoyl monolactylate 21.00Sodium lauryl (PEG)-10 acetate 4.00Cocoamphodipropionate 3.00Propylene glycol (Humectant) 2.50Sodium chloride (Thickener) 1.20Preservative 0.20Fragrance 0.20Citric acid to pH 6.0-6.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 158 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 8 - Mild Hair Shampoo wt %______________________________________Potassium myristoyl dilactylate 15.00Lauryl ethoxylated (EO)-2.5 phosphoric acid 8.00Sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate (50% aq. soln.) 1.00(Humectant)Sodium chloride (Thickener) 3.00Fragrance 0.24Preservative 0.10Potassium hydroxide (aq. soln.) to pH 6.0-6.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 141 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 9 - Conditioning Shampoo wt %______________________________________Potassium lauroyl monolactylate 11.00Sodium lauroylamide polyoxyethylene (EO)-3 4.50sulphateLauryldimethyl betaine 4.00Potassium chloride (Thickener) 2.50Dimethicone copolyol (Conditioning agent) 0.50Preservative 0.17Fragrance 0.11Dye 0.02Citric acid to pH 6.5-7.0Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 170 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 10 - Antidandruff Shampoo wt %______________________________________Ammonium decanoyl monolactylate 14.00Ammonium decanoyl dilactylate 4.00Ammonium lauryl sulphoacetate 5.00Zinc Pyrithione (48% aq. soln.) (Anti-fungal 2.10agent)Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1.25Magnesium aluminium silicate (Thickener) 1.00Preservative 0.36Fragrance 0.20Dye 0.03Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.3Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 150 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 11 - Body Shampoo wt %______________________________________Dodecanoyl dilactylic acid 13.00Sodium N-cocoyl alaninate 4.00Lauroamphoglycinaate 4.00(PEG)-80 sorbitan laurate (Thickener) 3.30Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.20Preservative 0.10Fragrance 0.05Dye 0.01Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 164 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 12 - Mild Body Shampoo wt %______________________________________Triethanolammonium lauroyl monolactylate 7.50Triethanolammonium myristoyl monolactylate 7.50Disodium lauryl (PEG)-2.5 sulphosuccinate 10.00Cocoamidoproyl betaine 5.00Glycerol 5.00Polyoxyethylene (PEG)-45 monostearate 2.00(Thickener)Preservative 0.35Fragrance 0.35Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 165 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 13 - Liquid Body Shampoo wt %______________________________________Potassium decanoyl monolactylate 10.00Potassium decanoyl dilactylate 10.00Decyl polyglucoside (n = 1.44) 5.00Glycerol 5.00Trisodium citrate dehydrate (Thickener) 1.50Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Thickener) 1.00Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 138 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 14 - Aerosol Body Shampoo wt %______________________________________Sodium decanoyl monolactylate 10.00Sodium decanoyl dilactylate 10.00Decyl polyglucoside (n = 1.44) 5.50Glycerol 2.00Trisodium citrate dihydrate 1.50Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.00Preservative 0.35Fragrance 0.35Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 140 mm______________________________________

95% by weight of the solution obtained by mixing the above ingredients was combined with 5% by weight propellant and then sealed into a container.

______________________________________Example 15 - Bath Foam Concentrate wt %______________________________________Lauroyl monolactylic acid 15.00Lauroyl dilactylic acid 10.00Cocoamphopropionate 5.00Sorbitol 9.00Sodium chloride 6.00Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Thickener) 1.00Preservative 0.30Fragrance 0.60Chamomile distillate (Anti-inflammatory agent) 1.00Aminosorbitol to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 165 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 16 - Mild Bath Foam wt %______________________________________Sodium myristoyl monolactylate 18.00Sodium myristoyl dilactylate 6.00Sodium lauroyl monoglyceride sulphate 5.00Cocoamidopropyl hydroxysulphobetaine 4.00Preservative 0.20Fragrance 1.00Citric acid to pH 7.2-7.7Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 149 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 17 - Conditioning Bubble Bath wt %______________________________________Triethanolammonium decanoyl monolactylate 20.00Cocoamphodiacetate 5.00Polyoxyethylene (PEG)-20 cetyl ether 4.00Polyoxyethylene (PEG)-50 stearyl ether 4.00Lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl 0.50diammonium chloride (Conditioner)Polyquaternium 24 (Thickener) 0.40Citric acid to pH 7.0-7.5Distilled water to 100.00Foam height = 151 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 18 - Cleansing Bar wt %______________________________________Sodium lauroyl dilactylate 20.00Sodium myristoyl dilactylate 15.00Sodium N-cocoyl glutamate 15.00Sodium N-stearoyl aspartate 10.00Glycerol 8.00Diglycerol 8.00Preservative 0.30Fragrance 0.60Pigment 0.10Distilled water to 100.00%Foam height = 175 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 19 - Facial Wash Foam % w/w______________________________________Sodium lauroyl lactylate 14.00Sodium myristoyl lactylate 6.00Sodium lauryl ethoxy phosphate 6.00Disodium lauroyl amido ethoxy sulphosuccinate 2.00Disodium wheatgerm amido PEG-2 2.00sulphosuccinatePolyquaternium-24 0.40Glycerol (humectant) 10.00(PEG)-12 palm kernel glycerides (emollient) 5.00Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 6.8-7.0Distilled water to 100.00%Foam height = 190 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 20 - Facial Wash Foam % w/w______________________________________Sodium lauroyl lactylate 14.00Sodium myristoyl lactylate 6.00Sodium cocoyl isethionate 6.00Wheatgerm amphodiacetate 2.00Cocoamphocarboxy glycinate 2.00Polyquaternium-24 0.40Glycerol (humectant) 10.00(PEG)-40 almond glycerides (emollient) 5.00Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 6.8-7.0Distilled water to 100.00%Foam height = 180 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 21 - Facial wash foam wt %______________________________________Sodium lauroyl lactylate 14.00Sodium myristoyl lactylate 6.00Sodium cocoyl isethionate 6.75Monolauryl phosphoric acid 2.40Dilauryl phosphoric acid 0.60Triethanolammonium N-cocoyl sarcosinate 1.00Glycerol 10.00Polyquaternium 10 0.40Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 6.8-7.0Distilled water to 100.00%Foam height = 185 mm______________________________________ ______________________________________Example 22 - Facial wash foam wt %______________________________________Sodium lauroyl lactylate 14.00Sodium myristoyl lactylate 6.00Sodium cocoyl isethionate 6.00Sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl taurate 3.00Sodium N-cocoyl sarcosinate 1.00Glycerol 10.00Polyquaternium 10 0.40Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 6.8-7.0Distilled water to 100.00%Foam Height - 190 mm______________________________________

Claims

1. A cleansing composition which comprises, in addition to water,

(a) from 15 to 35% by weight of one or more acyl lactylate(s) of the following structure (1) ##STR23## where R.sup.1 CO represents a C.sub.6 to C.sub.16 acyl radical; a is an integer from 1 to 3; M.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a counterion chosen from alkali metal, ammonium or a substituted ammonium group having one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group (s ); and

(b) from 5 to 25% by weight of one or more acylisethionates of the following structure (3)

R.sup.3 CO--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M.sup.3 ( 3)

where R.sup.3 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group; and M.sup.3 is as M.sup.1 in structure (1); the composition having a foam height of more than 150 mm, as measured by the Foam Height Test, ASTM D 1173-53.

2. A composition according to claim 1, which has a foam height of more than 170 mm.

3. A composition according to claim 1, which has a foam height of more than 190 mm.

4. A composition according to claim 1, in which the acyl group R.sup.1 CO in structure (1) represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 acyl radical.

5. A composition according to claim 1, in which the acylisethionate is present in an amount of 10 to 15% by weight.

6. A composition according to claim 1, which further comprises a quaternised ammonium hydroxy ethyl cellulose polymer in a foam modifying effective amount.

7. A composition according to claim 1, which further comprises from 5 to 25% by weight of one or more N-substituted betaines of the following structure (13) ##STR24## where Z.sup.13 represents (i) a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyl group; or

(ii) an R.sup.13 CO--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 group, where R.sup.13 CO represents a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 acyl group.

8. Method of cleansing skin or hair using a composition according to claim 1 wherein said composition is applied to said skin or hair.