Patent Application
20050265936
Invention embodiments described herein relate to embodiments of sunscreen formulations that cleanse and moisturize skin of a user through foaming action, as well as to a method of making the personal care product, and to a method of using the personal care product.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice applies to any software and data as described below and in the drawings that form a part of this document: Copyright 2005, Coty, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Personal care products have a variety of applications, including topical application to skin. The topical applications have acted to moisturize, cleanse, disinfect or to apply active agents to the skin. Typically, the topical applications have performed only one of these functions. One type of personal care product, a product that cleanses skin has, in some instances, used a structurant in order to produce a composition having a lamellar or spherulite phase.
It has been reported that formation of lamellar dispersion based compositions can only be accomplished with a limited, small group of surfactants. Surfactants not falling within this small group have been reported to crystallize out of solution when added to a composition containing a structurant, or to destabilize the composition or both. The WO 97/05857 patent application includes a table that describes performances of a collection of test surfactants in forming a lamellar phase when added to a composition containing a structurant. The data in the table stated that stearyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and cetyl alcohol did not form lamellar phases at room temperature. Instead, these materials crystallized out of solution or destabilized the lamellar phase formed by the composition.
Embodiments of the invention described herein include a formulation and system for cleansing and moisturizing skin, as well as imparting protection to the skin of a user, against hazardous sunlight radiation, wherein the formulation and system include a stable, aqueous dispersion of cleansing and moisturizing agents that are structured within a stable, spheroidal network of finely divided cleansing and moisturizing particles. The stable, spheroidal network is capable of foaming due to flocculation in water and mechanical action by a consumer, which, in one embodiment, occurs in the shower. The spheroidal network also includes wetting agents and emulsifiers such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and stearyl alcohol, that are incorporated within the network. The wetting agents and emulsifiers are desirable because they aid in building viscosity of the formulation, and aid in producing a high yield value. Further, the wetting agents and emulsifiers aid in skin occlusiveness for increased moisturization. While specific types of wetting agents and emulsifiers are described herein, it is understood that the embodiments of the invention described herein are not limited to the specific wetting agents and emulsifiers described.
Embodiments of the invention additionally include methods for making the formulation and system, as well as methods for adding wetting agents and emulsifiers to a structurant in a manner that prevents the wetting agents and emulsifiers from “salting out.” Furthermore, the wetting agents and emulsifiers such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and stearyl alcohol do not destabilize the activity of the structurant. Embodiments of the invention also include methods for using the formulation and system of the invention.
Prior to embodiments of the invention described herein, it has not been thought possible to incorporate wetting agents and emulsifiers such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and stearyl alcohol into a formulation with a structurant to make a spheroidal network. Embodiments of the invention described herein include stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and stearyl alcohol as well as a structurant to make the spheroidal network. It has surprisingly been found that the stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and stearyl alcohol do not salt out of the network and do not destabilize the network but are incorporated into the network without introducing instability. To the contrary, it has unexpectedly been found that these wetting agents aid in building viscosity of the spheroidal network and aid in producing a high yield value. While stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and stearyl alcohol are described, it is understood that other alcohols and waxes are suitable for use in the stable formulation of the invention.
As used herein, the term “lamellar” refers to an ordered liquid crystalline phase having alternating surfactant bilayers and water layers.
The term “spheroidal network” as used herein refers to a lamellar phase that conforms to form a submicron spherical onion. Vesicles and liposomes are types of spheroidal networks.
The term “structurant” as used herein refers to a molecule that aids in the formation of a spheroidal network.
The term “lotion” refers to a cosmetic formulation applied to the skin.
The term “wash” refers to a cosmetic formulation that is applied to the skin and then is washed from the skin.
The spheroidal network included in invention embodiments described herein has a multilayer structure conformed to a submicron onion shape. Insoluble materials are dispersed throughout the onion shaped spheroidal network. For some embodiments, insoluble materials are enclosed within the interior layers of the spheroidal network as well as the outer layers. Soluble materials are similarly dispersed throughout the spheroidal network, within interior layers and outer layers.
A structurant is a component of a cleansing-moisturizing wash embodiment of the invention. Compositions of embodiments of the invention that employ structurants have, in some embodiments, lamellar or spherulitic phases that are capable of suspending large particles within the phase while remaining pourable. Structurants are also used to prepare product embodiments of the invention that impart a soft feel that is pleasing to consumers. One type of structurant is an electrolyte-based structurant. Examples of electrolyte-based structurants usable in the formulation and system embodiments of the invention described herein are described in WO/0105932, assigned to Huntsman and U.S. patent Publication 20030190302, assigned to Rhodia. While specific electrolyte-based structurants are described herein, it is believed that other electrolyte-based structurants are suitable for use in embodiments of the invention.
One cleansing-moisturizing wash embodiment of the invention has foaming functionality that aids in the cleansing functionality. This embodiment of the cleansing-moisturizing wash includes five phases. Ingredients in the five phases for one embodiment are shown in the table that follows. It is understood that this embodiment is presented as one example of the invention described herein and is not presented to limit the invention.
A first phase, phase A, of the wash includes a deionized water diluent, a cationic conditioning agent, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, and a chelating agent, EDTA disodium salt and other non-toxic salts. Other cation conditioning polymers which are suitable for use in phase A, include Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-16, Polyquartemium-24, and Polyquaternium-39. While specific quantities of ingredients are described in the table, it is understood that other concentration ranges may be suitable for use in formulation embodiments of the invention. The diluent range varies in accordance with other ingredients to reach a total concentration of 100 percent by weight. The cationic conditioning range may be from 0.001 to 1.000 percent by weight. The chelating agent range may be from 0.001 to 0.250 by weight.
Phase B includes glycerine, the surfactant blend in a concentration of about 30 to 40 percent, and the Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum. In one embodiment, the surfactant blend is Sodium Lauroamphoacetate, Sodium Trideceth Sulfate and Cocamide MEA.
Phase D includes lotion ingredients such as grape seed oil, silicones, esters, wetting agents and emulsifiers such as stearic acid tri press, cetyl alcohol, glycerol monostearate, steryl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, fatty alcohol, ether sulfates, disodium-n-lauryl-β-imino dipropionate, polyoxyethylinized castor oil, or sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, lecithin, polyoxyethylene stearate, alkyl phenol polyglycol ether, cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, or mono-/dialkylpolyglycol ether-orthophosphorus acid-mono-ethanolamine salts, petrolatum and shea butter. Other ingredients are suitable for use in phase D to formulate a lotion. Phase D also includes sunscreen ingredients and polymers to aid in maintaining sunscreen ingredients on the skin after rinsing in the shower
Phase E includes sodium chloride and citric acid. The concentration range for use of sodium chloride is from 1.000 to 6.000 percent by weight. The concentration range for use of citric acid is from 0.001 to 3.000 percent by weight. If required, the pH is adjustable with sodium hydroxide or any other pH adjusting electrolyte, also within a range of 0.001 to 3.000 percent.
Phase F includes a preservative, Phenonip. Other preservatives suitable for use include DMDM Hydantoin, phenoxyethanol, parabens, chlorophenesin, benzyl alcohol, chlorhexidine gluconate, an ethyl alcohol containing pentylene glycol and a sodium methylparaben mixture in the proportions 47/47/6, a pentylene glycol and sodium methylparaben mixture, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone, and mixtures thereof in a concentration range of 0.001 to 1.000 percent by weight, based upon proven efficacy per formula embodiment.
In addition to the above noted compounds, various other ingredients can optionally be utilized in the stable composition of the present invention such as Fragrances, Perfumes, Preservatives, Disinfectants, Deodorizers, Antiperspirants, Antioxidants, Antiredeposition Agents, Carriers, Chelating and Sequestering Agents, Dyes and Pigments, Quaternary Conditioners, Cationic conditioning polymers such as, Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-16, Polyquarternium-24, and Polyquaternium-39, Corrosion Inhibitors, Hydrotropes, Coupling Agents, Defoamers, Builders, Dispersants, Emollients, Extracts, Vitamins, Enzymes, Foam Boosters, Flocculants, Whitening Agents, Fixative Polymers such as PVP, Humectants, Opacifiers, Plasticizers, Powders, Solubilizers, Solvents, Waxes, UV Absorbers/UV Light Stabilizers, other Sunscreen Ingredients, Hydrolyzed Proteins, Keratin, Collagens, and the like.
In the formulation embodiment of the table described above, Phase A was prepared by mixing the guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride and deionized water until the guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride was thoroughly blended to form a uniform phase A mixture. The EDTA disodium salt was then added to the phase A mixture.
To make phase B, the Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum and glycerine are blended until the Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum was wetted and was completely dispersed to make a slurry. The glycerine/Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum slurry was added to the surfactant blend and was mixed until a uniform blend was achieved. The phase B uniform blend was then added to the phase A mixture to form a combined phase A and B mixture.
The combined phase A and B mixture is mixed until uniform. The uniform mixture is then heated to a temperature within a range of 40° C. to 70° C. Phase C was added to the combined phase A and B mixture to make a phase A, B and C mixture.
To make phase D, the following ingredients were blended: Grape seed oil, silicone 200/500, EthylHexyl Hydrostearate, C12-15 Alkyl EthylHexanoate, stearic acid tri pres, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, stearyl alcohol, petrolatum, shea butter, EthylHexyl Methoxycinnamate, EthylHexyl Salicylate, and deionized water. The phase D mixture was heated until all ingredients were liquid. When all ingredients were liquid, rendering phase D liquid, phase D was high energy mixed at moderate speed. The moderate speed mixing was continued until the mixture was ready to add to the combined mixture of phases A, B and C, also called the main batch.
Phase D was then added to make a combined blend of phase A, B, C and D. The mixture of phase A, phase B, phase C and phase D was mixed until a homogeneous mixture was achieved. The mixture was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1° C. for every 10 minutes. The ingredients of phases E and F were added, one at a time, until a homogeneous mixture that had all of the desired attributes of the cleansing foaming lotion embodiment of the invention were achieved.
The cleansing foaming lotion embodiments of the invention described herein are viscous liquids, having a viscosity of about 100,000 cPs and a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The wash embodiments, are, for some embodiments, colored or fragranced. Some embodiments of the cleansing foaming lotion may moisturize skin for at least about 24 hours from application.
One lotion embodiment of the invention foams and cleanses for use in the shower and may moisturize skin for at least about 24 hours after showering. With this embodiment, a user need use only a product of the invention to both cleanse and moisturize. A separate cleanser and moisturizer are not required. That embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of both cleansing and moisturizing is unexpected because cleansing skin removes fats, oils and lipids from the skin. Cleansing typically leaves skin dehydrated. It is then unexpected that a single product is capable of both cleansing and moisturizing.
One additional attribute of the wash of the invention described herein is that the cleansing moisturizing wash moisturizes skin without leaving a heavy oil feel on the skin. This heavy moisturized feel typically occurs when a moisturizer is separately applied to skin. The wash described herein not only saves a user time and money in not having to apply two separate products but eliminates the heavy oil feel while effectively moisturizing.
The cleansing foaming wash of the invention described herein differs from a traditional wash in that the traditional wash does not include a spherulite state. This spherulite state is also known as an “onion phase” state. The spherulite state is a stable high energy state. The spherulites within the wash make it possible to add lotion ingredients to a cleansing and foaming product and to maintain all of the properties of both the body wash, which cleanses and the lotion, which moisturizes.
The cleansing foaming wash with a lotion is a structured liquid formulation that includes water soluble, water dispersible, water insoluble and water indispersible ingredients without an adverse impact, such as “salting out” and incipient instability. The cleansing portion of the formulation also includes adjuvants and solubilizers that aid in creating a product with a pre-selected viscosity or foaming potential. The formulation of embodiments of the invention described herein produces a finished product that has improved stability as compared to conventional washes because of materials in the formulation, that add stability, and that cannot be added to a conventional wash. These materials include wetting agents and emulsifiers such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and stearyl alcohol.
A method for making a formulation embodiment of the invention that includes waxes and alcohols such as stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate and stearyl alcohol, or other wax or alcohol-based surfactant, includes the steps described herein. One embodiment of Phase D, such as is described above, was prepared by adding oils, silicones, esters and any other insoluble ingredients to the alcohols and waxes. About 10 percent deionized water was also added.
Phase D was heated to about 70° C. to melt the alcohols and waxes. When all of the alcohols and waxes were melted, phase D was emulsified and homogenized using, in one embodiment, a homo-mixer at moderate speed. Phase D was mixed for a minimum of five minutes. Moderate sidesweep mixing was continued until the phase D was ready for addition to the phase A, B and C mixture. Phase D was then added to the phase A, Band C mixture when the A, B, and C mixture was mixed homogeneously. An addition of sodium chloride and/or citric acid and/or fragrance drove the formula to a spherulite phase. It was observed that the spherulite phase was stable with no salting out.
One test for determining whether the formulation is in a spherulite phase includes taking a 100 gram formulation sample of the formulation and adding 1 to 2 percent neat salt. If, at 24 hours the viscosity has increased above the initial viscosity of the batch, the formulation is not in the spherulite phase. This result indicates that the formulation requires more oils or salt in order to form a spherulite phase. A second test includes preparing a sample of about 100 grams and adding several beads to the sample. The sample is held at a temperature of about 50° C. for several days. If the beads are still suspended, the sample has a spherulite phase and is stable.
Embodiments of the formulation of the invention described herein have use in shaving and moisturizing, shampoos and conditioners, in addition to washes and moisturizers. Formulation embodiments of the invention described herein have a wide number of other applications such as personal care applications, home care applications, industrial and institutional applications, pharmaceutical applications, textile compounds, and the like.
Examples of various personal care applications include products such as the following: Shampoos, for example Baby Shampoos; Conditioning Shampoos; Bodifying Shampoos; Moisturizing Shampoos; Temporary Hair Color Shampoos; 3-in-1 Shampoos; Anti-Dandruff Shampoos; Hair Color Maintenance Shampoos; Acid (Neutralizing) Shampoos; Salicylic Acid Shampoos.
In another embodiment, the foaming cleanser has use as a sunscreen. UV active agents include ultrafine titanium dioxide, ultrafine zinc oxide, ultrafine iron oxide, ultrafine cerium oxide, and ultrafine cerium phosphate-titanium phosphate complex. Inorganic oxide materials usable for coating the ultraviolet light scattering agent may be selected from a group that includes silica, alumina and zirconium oxide, so that it is possible to prepare a coated ultraviolet light scattering agent having still higher dispersion stability.
According to another aspect of a sunscreen embodiment, there is provided a cosmetic, that includes an ultraviolet light scattering agent coated with an inorganic oxide and a dispersant, or a cosmetic that includes the ultraviolet light scattering agent coated with the inorganic oxide and the dispersant as a dispersion, that is, a cosmetic containing the above defined dispersion.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coated ultraviolet light scattering agent described above is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 40 wt %, calculated as pure ultraviolet light scattering agent (non-coated). In another embodiment, the cosmetic is added by an additional amount of ultraviolet light absorbing agent to realize a higher ultraviolet light protective effect. In yet another embodiment, the cosmetic is used as a cosmetic of an aqueous solution type, solubilized type, emulsion type, dispersed powder type, water-oil bilayer type, or water-oil-powder type.
As used herein, “safe and effective amount” means an amount of the sunscreen or of the composition sufficient to protect the user's skin from ultraviolet light (e.g., UVA and/or UVB light), but low enough to avoid serious side effects. The safe and effective amount of the sunscreens or composition varies with the area being treated, the age and skin type of the end user, the duration and nature of the treatment, the specific ingredient or composition employed, the particular cosmetically-acceptable carrier utilized, and other similar factors.
Sunscreens
Some formulation embodiments of the invention contain one or more lipophilic sunscreens. What is meant by a “sunscreen” is a compound that absorbs, reflects, or scatters radiation in the UV range. Examples of lipophilic sunscreens include, but are not limited to, EthylHexyl Methoxycinnamate, EthylHexyl Salicylate, octocrylene, homosalate, octinoxate, octisalate, avobenzone, oxybenzone, benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-8, benzophenone-12, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, gyceryl PABA, menthyl antranilate, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, methylbenzylidene camphor, isopropyl dibenzoyl methane, and etocrylene.
In one embodiment, the formulation includes a safe and effective amount of one or more lipophilic sunscreens. In one embodiment, the formulation includes from about 0.1 to about 50 percent, by weight, of one or more lipophilic sunscreens. In one embodiment, the composition includes at least about 10 percent by weight of one or more lipophilic sunscreens.
In one embodiment, formulation embodiments of the invention also contain non-lipophilic sunscreens such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, benzophenone-4, TEA salicylate, PABA, and DEA Methoxycinnamate, MP Diol, Polyderm-PPI-SI-WS, and Copolymer 845.
Some composition embodiments of the invention include a copolymer of sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate and one or more acryls. Examples of acryls include, but are not limited to, acrylic acids, acrylates, acrylamides, methylacrylic acids, methylacrylates, and methylacrylamide and salts thereof such as sodium acrylates, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylamide. Examples of such copolymers include, but are not limited to, Hydroxyethyl acrylate/Acryloyldimethyltaurate (available as Simulgel® NS from Seppic Inc., Fairfield, N.J.), Sodium acrylate/Acryloyldimethyltaurate (available as Simulgel® EG from Seppic Inc.), and Acrylamide/Acryloyldimethyltaurate (available as Simulgel® 600 from Seppic Inc.) In one embodiment, the composition includes from about 0.1 to about 10 percent, by weight, of said copolymer. In one embodiment, the composition includes at least 1 percent, by weight, of said copolymer.
Sunscreening compositions generally are permitted to contain only the active ingredients that have been approved by governmental authorities, and frequently those authorities also specify the amounts of each approved ingredient that are permitted to be present in a product. The following active ingredients are currently listed in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 352.10 as being approved for inclusion in products sold in the United States as non-prescription sunscreen drugs: aminobenzoic acid; avobenzone; cinoxate; dioxybenzone; homosalate; menthyl anthranilate; octocrylene; octyl methoxycinnamate; octyl salicylate; oxybenzone; Padimate O; phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid; sulisobenzone; titanium dioxide; trolamine salicylate; and zinc oxide.
Section 352.20 of the same Title 21 describes the permitted combinations of ingredients. In general, each active ingredient in a permitted combination is required to be present in at least a sufficient amount to contribute an SPF value of 2, so an amount making this contribution is considered herein to be the minimum “sunscreening-effective” concentration of an active ingredient. The regulations prescribe maximum concentrations of 3 percent avobenzone, 25 percent zinc oxide and 4 percent phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid in a sunscreening product. Some countries allow the use of other active ingredients and these are also suitable for inclusion as components of the composition embodiments of this invention, where their use is legally permitted. In addition, the permitted concentrations of active ingredients vary somewhat by country.
Beginning in September 2002, the official adopted name in the United States for menthyl anthranilate became “meradimate.” The official name for octyl methoxycinnamate became “octinoxate.” The official name for octyl salicylate became “octisalate” and the official name for phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid became “ensulizole.”
Title 21, in Section 352.3, defines the term “Sun Protection Factor,” typically abbreviated as “SPF” which is determined by testing unprotected and sunscreen-protected skin using standardized intensities and amounts of ultraviolet radiation. Protected skin for this testing has been treated by an application of a sunscreen product at the rate of 2 mg/cm2, and it is intended that the compositions of this invention will be applied by a user at that same rate to achieve the rated protection levels.
Skin and Body Cleansers, for example Moisturizing Body Washes; Antibacterial Body Washes; Deodorizing Body Washes; Bath Gels; Shower Gels; Hand Soaps; Bar Soaps; Body Scrubs; Bubble Baths; Facial Scrubs; Foot Scrubs; Creams and Lotions, for example Alpha-Hydroxy Acid Lotions and Creams; Beta-Hydroxy Acid Creams and Lotions; Skin Whiteners; Self Tanning Lotions; Sunscreen Lotions; Barrier Lotions; Moisturizers; Hair Styling Creams; Vitamin C Creams; Liquid Talc Products and Antibacterial Lotions; and other moisturizing lotions and creams;
Skin and Hair Gels, for example Facial Masks; Body Masks; Hydroalcoholic Gels; Hair Gels; Body Gels; Sunscreen Gels; and the like, as well as other personal care applications such as permanent hair color, and the like.
Examples of home care applications include products such as home care and industrial and institutional applications, such as laundry detergents; dishwashing detergents (automatic and manual); hard surface cleaners; hand soaps, cleaners and sanitizers; polishes (shoe, furniture, metal, etc.); automotive waxes, polishes, protectants, and cleaners, and the like.
Examples of pharmaceutical applications include topical formulations in the form of creams, lotions, ointments, or gels, wherein the formulation may be used as a carrier for the pharmaceutically active material, or as a carrier for a skin penetration enhancer, or as a carrier for a phase having an aesthetic effect, or present to enhance the solubility or bioavailability of the pharmaceutically active material.
These formulations may be administered or applied to either human or veterinary conditions for the full breadth of indications treatable by pharmaceutical means, such as fever, irritation, dermatitis, rash; viral, fungal, or bacterial infection; organic disease; etc. The pharmaceutically active agents could have any appropriate function for treatment of the condition, and can be a mixture of one or more pharmaceutically active materials, such as emetics, antiemetics, febrifuge, fungicide, biocide, bactericide, antibiotic, antipyretic, NSAID, emollient, analgesics, antineoplastics, cardiovascular agents, enzymes, proteins, hormones, steroids, antipruritics, antirheumatic agents, biologicals, cough and cold treatments, dandruff products, muscle relaxants, psychotherapeutic agents, skin and mucous membrane agents, skin care products, vaginal preparations, wound care agents, and other appropriate classes of pharmaceutically active agents capable of appropriate administration via dosage form.
The formulation embodiments may be packaged in a pressurized container or unpressurized container. The formulation may be applied to wipes, swabs or other flexible substrates.
The formulation embodiments may include variegation, and suspended solids that impart color. The formulation embodiments may be made into a wide variety of product types that include, but are not limited to, lotions, creams, gels, sticks, sprays, ointments, cleansing liquid washes, solid bars, shampoos, pastes, foams, powders, mousses, shaving creams, wipes, patches, nail lacquers, wound dressing, adhesive bandages, hydrogels, and films. Make-up, such as foundations, mascaras, and lipsticks also form suitable compositions. These product embodiments may further comprise several additional types of cosmetically acceptable topical carriers including, but not limited to solutions, emulsions (e.g., microemulsions and nanoemulsions), gels, solids and liposomes.
While certain embodiments of the present invention have been described and specifically exemplified above, it is not intended that the invention be limited to such embodiments. Various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/710,052, filed Jun. 15, 2004, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/521,565, filed May 25, 2004, which applications are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60521565 | May 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10710052 | Jun 2004 | US |
| Child | 11102579 | Apr 2005 | US |
