Patent Application
20060195532
This disclosure relates in general to instant messaging and in particular, by way of example but not limitation, to facilitating flexible and expanded presence document capabilities.
The popularity of instant messaging has grown significantly in the last few years. Instant messaging was originally used in order to send someone a short message with relatively little effort and in essentially real-time. The ability to transmit emoticons, as well as text, was also introduced. Instant messaging was originally popular primarily for personal and casual use between and among friends. Recently, however, its use has spread into the business world to facilitate casual and/or real-time communications.
The overall growth of instant messaging is also partly due to its features that extend beyond mere messaging. Instant messaging now usually encompasses the dissemination of status notifications to buddies. For example, when an individual logs on, an online status notification is disseminated to interested buddies. When an individual logs off, an offline status notification is disseminated to interested buddies.
Individuals participating in an instant messaging system are also usually given the opportunity to select an image to graphically represent them. These graphical images, status notifications, emoticons, etc. arguably increase the functionality, depth, and richness of instant messaging. It is therefore apparent that the acceptance and usage of instant messaging programs would likely grow as new features are added. Unfortunately, it has traditionally been a difficult and time-consuming endeavor to add new features to instant messaging systems.
Accordingly, there is a need for schemes, mechanisms, techniques, etc. that can facilitate the introduction of new instant messaging features.
Client-side presence documentation is implemented in an instant messaging architecture. In a described implementation, respective presence documents are stored locally at respective client devices. Accordingly, presence information can be shared and disseminated in accordance with a peer to peer paradigm. In another described implementation, presence documents can include presence information that is extensible in accordance with a presence document schema. Consequently, new instant messaging scenarios can be more easily accommodated. In yet another described implementation, new presence information notification messages include deltas representing the changes to presence information items. The changes can be applied to the presence information items based on the deltas to produce a new presence document. If a verification value computed on the new presence document fails to equate to a received confirmation value, then a destination client can request a complete copy of the actual new presence document from the originating client.
Other method, system, approach, apparatus, device, media, procedure, API, arrangement, etc. implementations are described herein.
The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like and/or corresponding aspects, features, and components.
Conventional instant messaging systems share presence information between users by storing a presence document for each user at a central server. When two users are contacts or buddies, their client programs ping the central server to see each other's presence status as stored at their centrally located presence documents. These conventional approaches have limitations in that the presence document is rather limited in scope because it is remotely located. Furthermore, the server-based approach results in the presence information being updated relatively slowly.
Certain implementations described herein, on the other hand, create a peer to peer presence sharing architecture in which presence documents are stored locally and shared peer to peer. Storing the documents locally enables new presence reporting scenarios, such as reporting what music is currently being played on a person's computing device or the physical location of the device/person, especially with extensible presence documents. These enhanced presence documents can be shared across network(s) in a peer to peer fashion, which allows the presence information to be updated more quickly. To reduce bandwidth, a described implementation provides a methodology in which the differences in presence document fields since the last time a presence document was shared are disseminated instead of an entire updated presence document.
Multiple servers 105 and 107 are also included as part of instant messaging architecture 100 and are interconnected via some type of local area network (LAN) 115. The servers are bifurcated into presence servers 105 and connection servers 107. Specifically, presence server 105(A), presence server 105(B), connection server 107(A), and connection server 107(B) are shown.
Generally, connection servers 107 handle incoming and outgoing connections to and from server side 111 with respect to network 109. Presence servers 105 maintain and make available presence information. Presence servers 105 are accessed through connection servers 107. Although only two each of presence servers 105 and connection servers 107 are shown, instant messaging architecture 100 may include any number of either of such servers. Moreover, server side 111 may be configured differently; for example, server side 111 need not be bifurcated into presence servers and connection servers.
In operation, each client 101 is associated with a presence server 105, and each presence server 105 is associated with multiple clients 101. Presence information for a client 101 is located at the associated presence server 105. As illustrated, client #1101(1) is associated with presence server 105(A). Consequently, the presence information of client #1101(1) is located at presence server 105(A) in the form of a corresponding presence document 103(1). Although not explicitly shown, other clients 101(2) . . . 101(n) have corresponding presence documents 103 that are stored at presence server 105(A) or presence server 105(B).
In a described implementation, presence document 103(1) includes the presence information for the corresponding client #1101(1). Such presence information traditionally includes the following: status information (e.g., online, offline, unavailable, etc.), electronic mail address, nickname, and contact information.
Additional aspects of the operation of instant messaging architecture 100 are further described in the context of the following exemplary scenario. Client #1101(1) and client #2101(2) are buddies. Consequently, client #2101(2) is notified of changes to the presence information of presence document 103(1) by instant messaging architecture 100.
Connection servers 107 are typically assigned to clients 101 using a load balancing algorithm. In this example scenario, it is assumed that client #1101(1) connects to the server-side infrastructure of instant messaging architecture 100 through connection server 107(A) and that client #2101(2) connects through connection server 107(B).
Although not specifically illustrated, server side 111 usually maintains four lists for each client 101 to facilitate implementation of the features of instant messaging architecture 100. These four lists are typically stored at presence servers 105. The four lists are: (1) a forward list, (2) an allowed list, (3) a block list, and (4) a dynamic reverse list (DRL). These four lists may be considered to be part of an overall presence profile of client 101. These lists are described below in terms of client #1101(1). It should be understood that although the terms “buddies” and “contacts” are used herein as being interchangeable with clients, the terms “buddies”, “contacts”, and/or “clients” are also interchangeable with a current user of a client device.
The forward list includes those clients 101 that are buddies of client #1101(1) and that client #1101(1) is currently interested in being updated about. The allowed list includes those buddies that have been authorized to receive the presence information and updates thereof corresponding to client #1101(1). The blocked list includes those buddies that are specifically excluded from receiving the presence information or updates thereof of client #1101(1). The DRL includes those clients 101 that are currently monitoring client #1101(1) through instant messaging architecture 100.
In this example scenario, it is assumed that client #1101(1) is already online and that client #2101(2) has previously received notification of this online status because client #2101(2) had subscribed to receive the presence information corresponding to client #1101(1). At a first stage, client #1101(1) goes offline. At a second stage, this offline status is communicated from client #1101(1) to connection server 107(A) (e.g., using an instant messaging client program (not separately shown) at client #1101(1)). Connection server 107(A) determines that client #1101(1) is associated with presence server 105(A) (e.g., via a hashing algorithm or similar).
At stage three, connection server 107(A) forwards to presence server 105(A) notification of the offline status of client #1101(1). Presence server 105(A) determines which clients 101 need to be notified of this status change by consulting the DRL corresponding to client #1101(1). In this example scenario, at least client #2101(2) is on the DRL corresponding to client #1101(1). Thus, presence server 105(A) sends a status update message that indicates that client #1101(1) has gone offline to client #2101(2) via connection server 107(B). An instant messaging client program at client #2101(2) receives the status update message and presents an indication that client #1101(1) has gone offline.
Instant messaging architecture 100 of
Second, updating software, protocols, schemas, etc. on server side 111 is relatively more difficult, time consuming, risky, and expensive. Accordingly, incorporating new features on server side 111 is usually undertaken far more infrequently as compared to client side 113. This significantly retards the ability to innovate instant messaging architecture 100. Third, routing update notification messages through one or more servers on server side 111 consumes transmission and processing time. This additional overall latency results in relatively slower updates of one's presence information at one's buddies' devices.
Incorporating presence information at client devices enables a greater amount of presence information to be stored for each client, facilitates innovation by at least partly decoupling improvements to an instant messaging architecture from changes to server side infrastructure, and accelerates the dissemination of presence document updates by permitting the server side to be at least partially bypassed.
Client side 222 includes multiple clients 202. As illustrated, “n” clients are capable of communicating with server side 220. These “n” clients include client #1 (C1) 202(1), client #2 (C2) 202(2) . . . client #n (Cn) 202(n). However, any number of clients 202 may theoretically be operational within instant messaging architecture 200.
Server side 220 includes at least one server 204. Especially in an instant messaging architecture 200 that incorporates client-side presence documentation, server side 220 may be realized in a myriad of configurations. For example, the at least one server 204 may alternatively comprise one or more connection servers and one or more presence servers. Generally, the at least one server 204 may comprise a single server, multiple servers connected to one or more LANs, multiple servers distributed over network 206, some combination thereof, and so forth.
Clients 202 and server 204 are capable of communicating with each other via network 206. Server 204 stores client information 214 for at least a portion of clients 202(1 . . . n). As illustrated, server 204 stores client #1 information 214(1). In instant messaging architecture 200, however, client #1 information 214(1) need not include a presence document. Instead, client #1 information 214(1) includes an identification of the presence document of client #1 (PD-C1) 224. The identification of PD-C1224 may be, for example, a name of the PD-C1, a reference to the PD-C1, a pointer to the PD-C1, a location of the PD-C1, a handle to an object identifying the PD-C1, some combination thereof, and so forth.
Thus, identification of PD-C1224 identifies PD-C1208, which is located at client #1 (C1) 202(1) in the client-side presence documentation implementation of instant messaging architecture 200. Client #1 information 214(1) may also include other information relating to client #1, such as any or all of the four lists described herein above (e.g., the DRL).
In a described implementation, client #1202(1) includes an instant message or messaging client program 212 and a related presence document for client #1 (PD-C1) 208. PD-C1208 includes presence document (PD) information that is extensible 210. Incorporating extensible PD information 210 creates an extensible PD-C1208. Because PD-C1208 is extensible, new, different, and/or varying types of presence information may be more easily introduced, expanded, enhanced, and/or altered in instant messaging architecture 200. An example extensible schema for PD-C1208 is described further herein below with particular reference to
An implementation of instant messaging architecture 200 is described further herein using the following example scenario. Client #2202(2) also includes an instant message client 212 (not explicitly illustrated) and has added client #1202(1) to his list of buddies 216 (e.g., the forward list of client #2). Client #2101(2) has likewise subscribed to receive the PD information of client #1101(1) by being added to the DRL corresponding to client #1101(1). As described further herein below, the DRL may be located at server 204 and/or client #1101(1). Consequently, remote client #2202(2) is provided the PD information of client #1218 and updates thereto. As noted above, this PD information is extensible in a described implementation.
Because respective tags 302 indicate the meaning of the presence information in respective fields 304, the presence information may be extended to include new types of presence information. A schema, for example, can be used to define and/or explain the available or included tags 302 and their corresponding meanings.
An example schema for extensible presence documents is:
Thus, for a musical category, an artist attribute can be given the value of the performer's name, and a song attribute can be given the value of the song's title. An example format for an extensible presence document is an extensible markup language (XML), but other formats may alternatively be employed.
Examples of presence information that may be included as part of an extensible presence document include, but are not limited to: predetermined status information (e.g., online, offline, away, busy, on-the-phone, etc.), current website being viewed, current music being listened to, other contact buddies that are currently being instant messaged, a current physical location, a personal status message, a software program being executed (e.g., a game, a word processor, etc.), a meeting that is currently being attended, address information about how to connect with a user in a peer to peer fashion, a location of a user's blog, whether or not a webcam session or audio conversation is currently being conducted, a current outlook status, a user's address information for live contact purposes, a network endpoint listening for peer-to-peer connections for session initiation protocol (SIP), anything else that one might want to share about oneself and/or one's online activities with other users, some combination thereof, and so forth.
For a described implementation, mechanism 400 is explained in terms of four (1-4) phases that are indicated in
At a second phase, server 204 accesses the DRL for client #1202(1) and extracts those clients 202 that are currently monitoring client #1202(1). In the example scenario, these clients 202 include client #2202(2). Server 204 therefore sends new PD notification message 402 to the clients 202 on the DRL corresponding to client #1202(1), including client #2202(2). An example formulation for new PD notification message 402 is described further herein below with particular reference to
At a third phase, client #2202(2) requests an update of the presence document information for C1218 from client #1202(1) using a new PD request message 404. Instant message client program 212 at client #1101(1) receives new PD request message 404 from client #2202(2). In response to receiving new PD request message 404, at a fourth phase instant messaging client program 212 sends new PD (information) message 406 from client #1101(1) to client #2202(2). New PD message 406 includes at least those part of PD information 210 that have been changed and as much as the entirety of PD-C1208. After receiving new PD message 406, client #2202(2) can update PD information for C1 buddy 218 and optionally display the updated PD information 218.
As illustrated in
Messages 402, 404, and 406 can relate to an entire presence document (e.g., all of PD-C1208). Alternatively, one or more of these messages 402, 404, and 406 can relate to only a portion of PD-C1208. For example, an instant messaging client program of client #2202(2) might be able to analyze new PD notification message 402 to determine if all or only part of the extensible PD information 210 is required to fully update PD information of buddy C1218. An example of this bandwidth-saving implementation is described further herein below with particular reference to
In
For a first example portion of new PD notification message 402*, client #1 identification 502 indicates the identity of the originating client #1202(1). Generally, a version of new PD notification message 402* that is transmitted from client #1202(1) to server 204 may differ from a version of new PD notification message 402* that is transmitted from server 204 to one or more dissemination or destination clients 202(2) and 202(3). For example, client #1 identification 502 may be omitted from the version of new PD notification message 402* that is transmitted from client #1202(1) to server 204 because the originating client is implicitly known or determinable by server 204.
For a second example portion of new PD notification message 402*, identification of PD-C1504 identifies PD-C1208. Identification of PD-C1504 provides sufficient information to enable interested buddy clients 202 to acquire PD-C1208 directly or indirectly. For example, identification of PD-C1504 may be identical to identification of PD-C1224, which is stored at server 204 and can comprise a reference to PD-C1208. Thus, it may enable a dissemination client 202 to directly retrieve PD-C1208 from client #1202(1). Alternatively, it may merely empower dissemination clients 202 to ask a third device (e.g., server 204, another server, another client 202, a different entity, etc.) to provide PD-C1208.
By way of example only, identification of PD-C1504 may comprise an object store name, and PD-C1208 may be stored in an object store of client #1202(1). Object stores are described in a co-pending U.S. Patent Application that is entitled “Instant Messaging Object Store”, assigned application Ser. No. 10/611,599, and filed on 1 Jul. 2003. This U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/611,599 has the same assignee as the instant Patent Application.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/611,599 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. Nevertheless, a brief description of an embodiment of object store technology for instant messaging is presented herein. Object store technologies enable respective devices to store data into their respective object stores. Moreover, object store technologies enable one device to locate and retrieve data that is stored into another device's object store.
When storing data into an object store, the object store provides an object store name that enables any properly-configured device to locate the data from the object store name. Consequently, the object store name of data, such as a presence document, can be passed around to enable access to the data by and from other devices. In one described implementation of the aforementioned patent application Ser. No. 10/611,599, each object store name comprises a string and is up to one kilobyte in length. The object store name includes, for example, a hash value that changes for each data entity, a name of the file having the data in a client device's memory, a username of the client device, and the type of stored data.
An example presence information update situation in the context of object store technology is as follows: First, a song that is being played at an origination device changes. Second, the new song is written into a presence document file (e.g., that is formatted in extensible markup language (XML)). Third, the changed presence document file is saved into the object store. Fourth, the object store provides a new object store name for this stored document. Fifth, the origination device notifies the central server of the new presence document object store name. Sixth, the server sends the new presence document object store name to destination devices that have subscribed to be buddies of the origination device. Seventh, the destination devices receive the new presence document object store name. Eighth, the destination devices ascertain that the presence document has changed based on the new presence document object store name. Ninth, the destination clients can use the new presence document object store name to request a copy of the new presence document from the origination device.
With reference again to
As noted above, bandwidth consumed by the instant messaging system can be reduced if presence information differences are sent to dissemination clients 202 in lieu of automatically sending the entire PD-C1208 upon each presence information change. When an interested buddy client 202, such as client #2202(2), receives new PD notification message 402*, client #2202(2) institutes the presence information changes indicated by PD deltas 506(1-k). In this sense, new PD notification message 402 (and 402*) more generally comprises a new presence information (PI) notification message.
Afterwards, client #2202(2) can compute a new verification value based on the new versions of the presence information of client #1202(1). This verification value is compared to a confirmation value (not explicitly shown in
As an example alternative implementation, server 204 can be omitted fully or partially from the instant messaging architecture as follows. One or more of the four lists described above can be stored at clients 202 instead of at server 204. For instance, a DRL for client #1202(1) may be stored at client #1202(1). Thus, when client #2202(2) subscribes to the instant messaging system to currently monitor the presence information of client #1202(1), client #1202(1) adds client #2202(2) to the DRL located at client #1202(1). When a presence information item changes, client #1202(1) can access the locally-stored DRL and send a new PI notification message directly to client #2202(2) without using server 204 as an intermediary.
At block 602, it is detected if there is a change to presence information. For example, origin client 202(O) may detect if/when a change to its presence information occurs. The detecting continues until a change is detected. After a change is detected (at block 602), at block 604 a new presence information (PI) notification message is formulated. For example, origin client 202(O) may formulate a new PI notification message akin to new PD notification message 402*. For instance, the new PI notification message may include an identification of origin client 202(O), an identification of the PD of origin client 202(O) (e.g., a reference to the presence document), at least one PI delta, and a confirmation value. The confirmation value may be, for example, a hash value determined responsive to the new PD.
At block 606, the new PI notification message is sent to buddy clients. For example, the new PI notification message may be sent from origin client 202(O) to those buddy clients that are listed on the DRL of origin client 202(O). In this example, those buddy clients include destination client 202(D). The new PI notification message may be sent from origin client 202(O) to destination client 202(D) across network 206 either via server 204 or directly (i.e., directly by bypassing server 204 using a locally-stored DRL).
At block 610, the new PI notification message is received. For example, the new PI notification message may be received at destination client 202(D). At block 612, it is ascertained if the new PI already exists. For example, destination client 202(D) may compare the received confirmation value (i) to an existing verification value corresponding to the PD for origin client 202(O) as already stored at destination client 202(D) and/or (ii) to a previously-received confirmation value. If for some reason the PI has already been updated, then the flowchart ends at block 624. Otherwise, the new PI does not already exist, and the method continues at block 614.
At block 614, it is ascertained if an old version of the PD exists. For example, it may be ascertained if a previous version of the PD for origin client 202(O) already exists at destination client 202(D). If not, then the method continues at block 628, which is described further herein below. If, on the other hand, a previous version of the PD does exist at destination client 202(D), then the method continues at block 616.
At block 616, the presence information is updated using the received deltas. For example, destination client 202(D) can update the PI in the PD corresponding to origin client 202(O) based on the at least one PI delta received with the new PI notification message. For instance, the previous PI value may be replaced by the received delta value. The different PI fields 304 may be identified by associated tags 302.
At block 618, a new verification value is computed. For example, destination client 202(D) may compute a new verification value responsive to the new PD as updated with the PI deltas. The verification value may be computed, for example, using a hashing algorithm, such as a cryptographic hash. Examples of cryptographic hashes include SHA-1, MD5, and so forth. Another example verification operation or procedure can utilize deltas comprising the actual change data and a version number. With such a delta/version number implementation, if a remote client's current version number for the buddy is one less than the one received in the new PD message, the remote client can apply the change(s) to match the PD for the latest version number. If, however, the remote client's version number differs by more than one, it is apparent that the remote client missed one or more updates from the buddy and that the remote instant messaging client needs to get a complete new version of the PD.
At block 620, it is determined if the received confirmation value is equivalent to the computed verification value. For example, it may be determined if the confirmation value received in the new PI notification message is equivalent (e.g., equal) to the verification value computed responsive to the new PD as updated with the PI deltas. If not (e.g., because a remote client was offline during one or more previous delta type updates from a buddy client), then the method continues at block 628, which is described further herein below. If, on the other hand, the received confirmation value is determined to be equivalent to the computed verification value, then the method continues at block 622.
At block 622, the new updated PD is stored. For example, the updated PD corresponding to origin client 202(O) may be stored at destination client 202(D). The updated PI may also be displayed or otherwise communicated to a user of destination client 202(D). In other words, from a more general perspective, the updated PD may be utilized by storing it, by communicating PI to a user, by otherwise performing an instant-messaging-related action, and so forth. At block 624, the method of flowchart 600 ends.
The action(s) of block 628 are performed when destination client 202(D) does not have an old version of the PD of origin client 202(O) (as ascertained at block 614) or when an updated new version of the PD of origin client 202(O) does not check out to be accurate (e.g., by a comparison of hash values at block 620). At block 628, a copy of the full PD is retrieved from the origin client. For example, destination client 202(D) may request from origin client 202(O) via a new PD request message 404 a full PD of origin client 202(O). This request may be effectuated using the identification of the PD of origin client 202(O) (and/or the identification of origin client 202(O)).
At block 608, a copy of the full PD is provided upon request. For example, origin client 202(O) may provide PD-C1208 to destination client 202(D) in a new PD message 406. After receiving a copy of the full PD from the origin client (with the retrieval of block 628), at block 626 the full actual PD is stored at destination client. Alternatively, and more generally, the full actual PD is utilized at destination client 202(D). The method of flowchart 600 ends at block 624.
The devices, actions, aspects, features, functions, procedures, modules, data structures, programs, components, etc. of
Example operating environment 700 is only one example of an environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the applicable device (including computer, network node, entertainment device, mobile appliance, general electronic device, etc.) architectures. Neither should operating environment 700 (or the devices thereof) be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or to any combination of components as illustrated in
Additionally, implementations for client-side presence documentation may be realized with numerous other general purpose or special purpose device (including computing system) environments or configurations. Examples of well known devices, systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, thin clients, thick clients, personal digital assistants (PDAs) or mobile telephones, watches, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, video game machines, game consoles, portable or handheld gaming units, network PCs, videoconferencing equipment, minicomputers, mainframe computers, network nodes, distributed or multi-processing computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, some combination thereof, and so forth.
Implementations for client-side presence documentation may be described in the general context of processor-executable instructions. Generally, processor-executable instructions include routines, programs, protocols, objects, functions, interfaces, components, data structures, etc. that perform and/or enable particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types. Realizations for client-side presence documentation, as described in certain implementations herein, may also be practiced in distributed processing environments where tasks are performed by remotely-linked processing devices that are connected through a communications link and/or network. Especially but not exclusively in a distributed computing environment, processor-executable instructions may be located in separate storage media, executed by different processors, and/or propagated over transmission media.
Example operating environment 700 includes a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer 702, which may comprise any (e.g., electronic) device with computing/processing capabilities. The components of computer 702 may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 704, a system memory 706, and a system bus 708 that couples various system components including processor 704 to system memory 706.
Processors 704 are not limited by the materials from which they are formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein. For example, processors 704 may be comprised of semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., electronic integrated circuits (ICs)). In such a context, processor-executable instructions may be electronically-executable instructions. Alternatively, the mechanisms of or for processors 704, and thus of or for computer 702, may include, but are not limited to, quantum computing, optical computing, mechanical computing (e.g., using nanotechnology), and so forth.
System bus 708 represents one or more of any of many types of wired or wireless bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a point-to-point connection, a switching fabric, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures may include an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus also known as a Mezzanine bus, PCI express, some combination thereof, and so forth.
Computer 702 typically includes a variety of processor-accessible media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer 702 or another (e.g., electronic) device, and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media, and storage and transmission media.
System memory 706 includes processor-accessible storage media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 710, and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM) 712. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 714, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 702, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 712. RAM 710 typically contains data and/or program modules/instructions that are immediately accessible to and/or being presently operated on by processing unit 704.
Computer 702 may also include other removable/non-removable and/or volatile/non-volatile storage media. By way of example,
The disk drives and their associated processor-accessible media provide non-volatile storage of processor-executable instructions, such as data structures, program modules, and other data for computer 702. Although example computer 702 illustrates a hard disk 716, a removable magnetic disk 720, and a removable optical disk 724, it is to be appreciated that other types of processor-accessible media may store instructions that are accessible by a device, such as magnetic cassettes or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs) or other optical storage, RAM, ROM, electrically-erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROM), and so forth. Such media may also include so-called special purpose or hard-wired IC chips. In other words, any processor-accessible media may be utilized to realize the storage media of the example operating environment 700.
Any number of program modules (or other units or sets of processor-executable instructions) may be stored on hard disk 716, magnetic disk 720, optical disk 724, ROM 712, and/or RAM 710, including by way of general example, an operating system 728, one or more application programs 730, other program modules 732, and program data 734. These processor-executable instructions may include, for example, one or more of: a presence document 208 having extensible presence information 210, an instant message client 212, messages 402/402*/404/406, a schema describing the extensible presence information 210, some combination thereof, and so forth.
A user may enter commands and/or information into computer 702 via input devices such as a keyboard 736 and a pointing device 738 (e.g., a “mouse”). Other input devices 740 (not shown specifically) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, serial port, video camera, scanner, and/or the like. These and other input devices are connected to processing unit 704 via input/output interfaces 742 that are coupled to system bus 708. However, input devices and/or output devices may instead be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an infrared port, an IEEE 1394 (“Firewire”) interface, an IEEE 802.11 wireless interface, a Bluetooth® wireless interface, and so forth.
A monitor/view screen 744 or other type of display device may also be connected to system bus 708 via an interface, such as a video adapter 746. Video adapter 746 (or another component) may be or may include a graphics card for processing graphics-intensive calculations and for handling demanding display requirements. Typically, a graphics card includes a graphics processing unit (GPU), video RAM (VRAM), etc. to facilitate the expeditious display of graphics and performance of graphics operations. In addition to monitor 744, other output peripheral devices may include components such as speakers (not shown) and a printer 748, which may be connected to computer 702 via input/output interfaces 742.
Computer 702 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computing device 750. By way of example, remote computing device 750 may be a peripheral device, a personal computer, a portable computer (e.g., laptop computer, tablet computer, PDA, mobile station, etc.), a palm or pocket-sized computer, a watch, a gaming device, a server, a router, a network computer, a peer device, another network node, or another device type as listed above, and so forth. However, remote computing device 750 is illustrated as a portable computer that may include many or all of the elements and features described herein with respect to computer 702.
Logical connections between computer 702 and remote computer 750 are depicted as a local area network (LAN) 752 and a general wide area network (WAN) 754. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, the Internet, fixed and mobile telephone networks, ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless networks, mesh networks, other wireless networks, gaming networks, some combination thereof, and so forth. Such networks and logical and physical communications connections are additional examples of transmission media.
When implemented in a LAN networking environment, computer 702 is usually connected to LAN 752 via a network interface or adapter 756. When implemented in a WAN networking environment, computer 702 typically includes a modem 758 or other component for establishing communications over WAN 754. Modem 758, which may be internal or external to computer 702, may be connected to system bus 708 via input/output interfaces 742 or any other appropriate mechanism(s). It is to be appreciated that the illustrated network connections are examples and that other manners for establishing communication link(s) between computers 702 and 750 may be employed.
In a networked environment, such as that illustrated with operating environment 700, program modules or other instructions that are depicted relative to computer 702, or portions thereof, may be fully or partially stored in a remote media storage device. By way of example, remote application programs 760 reside on a memory component of remote computer 750 but may be usable or otherwise accessible via computer 702. Also, for purposes of illustration, application programs 730 and other processor-executable instructions such as operating system 728 are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, but it is recognized that such programs, components, and other instructions reside at various times in different storage components of computing device 702 (and/or remote computing device 750) and are executed by processor(s) 704 of computer 702 (and/or those of remote computing device 750).
Although systems, media, devices, methods, procedures, apparatuses, techniques, schemes, approaches, procedures, arrangements, and other implementations have been described in language specific to structural, logical, algorithmic, and functional features and/or diagrams, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or diagrams described. Rather, the specific features and diagrams are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claimed invention.
