There are many situations, both work oriented and sport, in which the wearing of a helmet or other headgear is necessary or highly desirable. Exemplary of but a few instances where wearing a helmet is required include motorcycling, cycling, and industrial/construction. Considerable discomfort can result from wearing a helmet or headgear, especially the full-face type, for even a short period of time particularly in warm or humid weather. Even outdoor events such as sporting events or otherwise, where persons wear hats for a long period of time could be uncomfortable.
Considering that the scalp is the most efficient and practical place to remove heat from the human body, a need exists to provide a lightweight, compact, and affordably priced sub-ambient temperature scalp cooling helmet and convective headgear technology.
The present invention satisfies this need. The present invention is directed to a headgear apparatus comprising a shell having an inner surface and an outer surface, an air flow structure coupled to the inner surface of the shell, and a thermoelectric system configured to produce a stream of air.
The thermoelectric system is coupled to the shell and comprises a housing having at least one air inlet, a first air outlet and a second air outlet, a least one blower, at least one thermoelectric heat pump disposed within the housing, between the air inlet and the air outlets, and a condensate wick disposed within the housing, below the blower and heat pump. The first air outlet provides the stream of cooled air to the air flow structure and the second air outlet vents hot air produced by the heat pump to outside the apparatus. The condensate wick is configured to collect condensation formed by the heat pump and evaporate the collected condensation using the hot air produced by the heat pump.
The thermoelectric system can have a plurality of blowers and a plurality of heat pumps within the housing, and the housing can removably couple to shell.
The apparatus can further comprise a thermal insulation layer disposed between the inner surface of the shell and the air flow structure and/or an impact absorbing layer disposed between the inner surface of the shell and the air flow structure.
The air flow structure layer can comprise tubular spacer fabric and/or radiation cross-linked closed cell foam.
The apparatus can have a controller for controlling the thermoelectric system and there can be an air filter positioned proximate the air inlet of the thermoelectric system for filtering air entering the air inlet.
Optionally, the apparatus can have a connector that is configured to connect the first air outlet of the thermoelectric system housing to the air flow structure.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings.
As used herein, the following terms and variations thereof have the meanings given below, unless a different meaning is clearly intended by the context in which such term is used.
The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” and similar referents used herein are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural unless their usage in context indicates otherwise.
As used in this disclosure, the term “comprise” and variations of the term, such as “comprising” and “comprises,” are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers ingredients or steps.
All dimensions specified in this disclosure are by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting. Further, the proportions shown in these Figures are not necessarily to scale. As will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to this disclosure, the actual dimensions and proportions of any system, any device or part of a device disclosed in this disclosure will be determined by its intended use.
Teachings relating to the air conditioned helmets disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/252,089 filed Oct. 17, 2005 entitled “AIR CONDITIONED HELMET APPARATUS” which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,827,620 on Nov. 9, 2010, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/601,964 filed Jun. 23, 2003 entitled “AIR CONDITIONED HELMET APPARATUS” which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,954,944 on Oct. 18, 2005, may be employed herein and the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Referring now to the drawings,
The insulation foam layer 150, preferably Voltek Volara®, approximately 1-2 mm thick, with closed cells, is also shown in the area proximate the entrance of temperature modified air, but on the opposite side facing the user's head, to prevent a cold spot from forming at the back of the user's head and neck in cooling mode. The dashed line across the bottom of the figure represents the edge air seal 172, which is a soft molded piece, made of urethane, silicone, or other appropriate material, configured to reliably block air flow out of the air flow structure 170 in that region. Optionally, the edge air seal 172 can comprise a neck pad, or neck roll, that is modified to envelope the bottom edge of the air flow structure 170 and cover the area inside the air flow structure 170 opposite the air inlet to the air flow structure 170, to prevent temperature modified air from leaking out of the lower edge of the air flow structure 170 and, taking the place of the Volara® or other insulation, to prevent the formation of a cold spot at the back of the user's head/neck where temperature modified air enters the air flow structure 170.
Referring now to
The thermoelectric system 174 is unique in that the wick 181 traverses both the cold side 184 and the hot side 179 at the bottom of the assembly where cold air enters the headgear and warm air from the hot side 179 vents to the outside, ambient air. The purpose of the wick 181 is to collect condensate that drips down from the cold side 184 of the heat exchanger in humid weather and transport the collected condensate under a tightly fitting air barrier 182 that separates the two air streams 180, 183, over to the hot side 179 where it is evaporated away by the hot rejector air venting to ambient (stream 180). This condensate management system 174 prevents condensation produced during cooling in humid weather from dripping out of the helmet cooling system onto the user's neck or back, thus eliminating the distraction of the dripping water and making for a better, more comfortable, product from the user's point of view. The wick 181 can be secured in place with adhesive so that it does not shift while the user is wearing the headgear.
Referring now to
In
Optionally, the ACH can have a non-slip surface 953 on an outside surface of the outer shell 951 to provide a surface for which an adjustable head strap such as a conventional hardhat head strap, for example, can grip.
The connector 954 for connecting and supporting the thermoelectric system 174 can be integrally molded into/as part of the outer shell 951 or separately molded and bonded to the outer shell 951. The purpose of the connector 954 is to provide a length of air duct to support the thermoelectric system 174 mounted to the rear of the outer shell 951.
In
Referring now to
Referring now to
The bicycle air-conditioned headgear (“BACH”) 1170 has a front section 1175, and a rear section 1176 which protects the front, back and sides of the head of a wearer. The BACH 1170 has a helmet shell 1173 and a removable rear cover 1171 which is attached to the helmet shell 1173 through the use of attachment means such as one or more screws 1172. The rear cover 1171 has a plurality of ambient air inlet vents 1174.
Lab tests have showed a 51% improvement in exercise endurance in warm weather when the subject's head was intermittently sprayed with water, providing an unsophisticated form of evaporative cooling. As the headgear of the present invention is more efficient than that basic form of evaporative cooling, more than a 51% improvement in endurance can be achieved. This greater percentage of improvement is partially due to the fact that the headgear of the present invention utilizes thermoelectric cooling (via the thermoelectric system 170, 1180). The thermoelectric system 170, 1180 does not require the weight and bulk of water to achieve its cooling function, and it will not run out of water or need to be refilled in order to continue its cooling function. Additionally, thermoelectric system 170, 1180 provides a substantially consistent cooling function regardless of ambient humidity, whereas evaporative cooling performance is significantly affected by ambient relative humidity.
An important feature of the air flow structure 170 when applied to bicycle helmets, in addition to an approximate 51% improvement in endurance in warm weather because of the head cooling, is that a full-face type bicycle ACH provides cooled air for breathing, which increases the overall body cooling effect for a potentially even greater improvement in endurance beyond the 51% found in laboratory tests with evaporative head cooling only. Also, because the bicycle ACH does not need large vent holes like the average ambient air ventilated bicycle helmets of the prior art, the bicycle ACH of the present invention offers better protection because it covers the head completely, whereas most standard bicycle helmets actually only offer approximately 50% head coverage in order to provide minimum heat retention. That configuration only allows ambient air to impinge on approximately 50% of the user's head area, resulting in a relatively low level of body cooling, if any, especially in warm weather when ambient air is near, at, or above skin temperature.
A=Moderate ambient air temperature. Ambient below head skin temperature. ACH air temperature is below ambient and well below head skin temperature.
B=High ambient air temperature. Ambient is approximately equal to head skin temperature. ACH air temperature is well below both ambient and head skin temperatures.
C=Very high ambient air temperature. Ambient is well above head skin temperature. ACH air temperature is further below ambient and below head skin temperature. As ambient air temperature rises, ACH COP, (Coefficient of Performance), increases, maintaining a ΔT, or margin of ACH air temperature below ambient and head skin temperatures, providing cooling thermal transfer from head skin to ACH air up through very high ambient air temperatures.
As ambient air temperature drops, ACH COP drops, reducing ACH air dT below ambient air temperature, tending to prevent overcooling at lower ambient air temps. Ventilation mode air is the same temperature as ambient air. Normally, average body skin temperature varies by approximately 6.5° F. between ambient temperatures of 73° F. to 93° F. Normally, head skin temperature varies by approximately 3.5° F. between ambient temperatures of 73° F. to 93° F.
It should be noted that the EPS foam or other impact absorbing structures or systems shown in this disclosure are normally found in helmets intended for transportation use. Other applications of the above disclosed technology may not include a foam impact absorbing layer, in which case the disclosed features of the embodiments will be applied without the foam impact layer. It should also be noted that the inside of any helmet in which the disclosed embodiments is employed is best made with a smooth continuous surface, however it is possible to secure the TSF, or other air flow structures, to a suspended inner liner, such as that found in helmets used in welding, grinding, and in the construction industry, by using a thin wall, lightweight supporting cap or hat to support the air flow structure. The cap or hat may be made by vacuum forming, blow molding, injection molding, hand layup, etc.
The solutions of the embodiments disclosed herein can be applied equally well to the lightweight bicycle helmets that are well known today. Bicycle helmets are molded mostly or entirely in foam, sometimes with a thin plastic veneer over the foam. They also usually have lots of openings to reduce heat retention on essentially the top and upper sides of the head.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Clinical trials have proven that head cooling in warm and hot ambient environments can increase physical endurance by over 50%, which has significant potential value for athletes and others who desire to experience greater comfort and/or improved physical performance in warm and hot ambient temperature conditions. The ACH of the present invention achieves, if not exceeds, this 50% increase in endurance.
The ACH of the present invention can be lightweight and affordable and can result in compact head cooling headgear (ACH) that can be used at sporting and athletic events and training, and everyday activities conducted in warm and hot environments, both indoors and out.
In this regard, the foregoing description is presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the preferred embodiments to the form disclosed herein. Accordingly, variants and modifications consistent with the following teachings, skill, and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the preferred embodiments. The embodiments described herein are further intended to explain modes known for practicing the preferred embodiments disclosed herewith and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the preferred embodiments in equivalent, or alternative embodiments and with various modifications considered necessary by the particular application(s) or use(s) of the preferred embodiments.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/486,492, titled “Climate Controlled Headgear Apparatus,” filed Aug. 15, 2019, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/459,563 filed Feb. 15, 2017 entitled “Air Conditioned Helmet, (ACH) & Convective Headgear,” along with PCT App. No.PCT/US18/18260, filed Feb. 15, 2018, of the same title, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62459563 | Feb 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 16486492 | Aug 2019 | US |
Child | 17752239 | US |