The mitral valve controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart, preventing blood from flowing backwards from the left ventricle into the left atrium so that it is instead forced through the aortic valve for delivery of oxygenated blood throughout the body. A properly functioning mitral valve opens and closes to enable blood flow in one direction. However, in some circumstances the mitral valve is unable to close properly, allowing blood to regurgitate back into the atrium.
Mitral valve regurgitation has several causes. Functional mitral valve regurgitation is characterized by structurally normal mitral valve leaflets that are nevertheless unable to properly coapt with one another to close properly due to other structural deformations of surrounding heart structures. Other causes of mitral valve regurgitation are related to defects of the mitral valve leaflets, mitral valve annulus, or other mitral valve tissues.
The most common treatments for mitral valve regurgitation rely on valve replacement or repair including leaflet and annulus remodeling, the latter generally referred to as valve annuloplasty. One technique for mitral valve repair which relies on suturing adjacent segments of the opposed valve leaflets together is referred to as the “bowtie” or “edge-to-edge” technique. While all these techniques can be effective, they usually rely on open heart surgery where the patient's chest is opened, typically via a sternotomy, and the patient placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The need to both open the chest and place the patient on bypass is traumatic and has associated high mortality and morbidity. In some patients, a fixation device can be installed into the heart using minimally invasive techniques. The fixation device can hold the adjacent segments of the opposed valve leaflets together and may reduce mitral valve regurgitation. One such device used to clip the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve together is the MitraClip® fixation device, sold by Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California, USA.
However, sometimes after a fixation device is installed, undesirable mitral valve regurgitation can still exist, or can arise again. For these sub-optimally treated patients, the presence of a fixation device in their mitral valves may obstruct additional procedures such as transcatheter mitral valve replacement. These patients may also be considered too frail to tolerate open-heart surgery, so they are left with no viable options to further improve the function of their mitral valve.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide alternative and additional methods, devices, and systems for removing or disabling fixation devices that are already installed. The methods, devices, and systems may be useful for repair of tissues in the body other than heart valves. At least some of these objectives will be met by the inventions described herein.
The present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and device configured to detach an interventional implant from a cardiac valve. In one embodiment, a capture mechanism includes a capture hypotube having a container portion disposed therein, the container portion being configured to receive and house the interventional implant. The capture mechanism also includes a cutting arm axially translatable relative to the capture hypotube. A first cutting element is disposed at an edge of the capture hypotube, and a second cutting element disposed at an edge of the cutting arm and oriented to face the first cutting element. Axial translation of the cutting arm relative to the capture hypotube brings the first cutting element into contact with the second cutting element to thereby cut cardiac tissue and detach the interventional implant from the cardiac valve.
An embodiment of a system for detaching an interventional implant from a cardiac valve includes a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end of the guide catheter is steerable to a position near a cardiac valve, and a capture mechanism. The capture mechanism is routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter. The capture mechanism is configured to enable capture of the interventional implant and cutting of cardiac tissue to which it is attached to enable detachment of the interventional implant.
An embodiment of a method for detaching an interventional implant from a cardiac valve includes the steps of positioning a guide catheter such that the distal end of the guide catheter is positioned near a targeted cardiac valve, extending a capture mechanism beyond the distal end of the guide catheter, receiving the interventional implant into a container portion of the capture mechanism, and actuating a cutting arm of the capture mechanism to cut cardiac tissue and thereby detach the interventional implant from the cardiac tissue. The interventional implant may be a fixation device attached to adjacent leaflets of the cardiac valve.
Additional features and advantages of exemplary implementations of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations. The features and advantages of such implementations may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations as set forth hereinafter.
In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Embodiments described herein are configured to effectively capture an interventional implant positioned at a targeted cardiac valve, and to free the implant from surrounding leaflet tissue so that the implant may be removed from the cardiac valve. Removal of such implants (e.g., fixation devices) can beneficially enable further interventional procedures at the cardiac valve, such as placement and implantation of a prosthetic replacement valve.
Although the examples described herein are provided in the context of capturing a fixation device implanted at a mitral valve, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are not necessarily limited to use within the mitral valve 405. In other applications, the targeted cardiac valve could be the tricuspid valve, aortic valve, or pulmonic valve for example. More generally, the embodiments described herein may be utilized in other implementations involving capture and removal of a previously implanted or deployed device from tissue.
In addition, although examples may illustrate routing a guide catheter to the mitral valve via a transfemoral/transseptal or transjugular/transseptal approach, other suitable delivery approaches may be used, including radial or transapical approaches.
Delivery System Overview
As one example of a steering mechanism, the at least one control 120 may be operatively coupled to one or more control lines 125 (e.g., pull wires) extending from the handle 110 through the guide catheter 105 to the distal end 115 of the guide catheter (e.g., through one or more lumens in the guide catheter 105). Actuation of the at least one control 120 may adjust the tensioning of a control line 125 to pull the guide catheter 105 in the corresponding direction.
The control 120 and/or other controls disposed at the handle 110 may also be utilized to control actuation of various components of the capture mechanism 130. As shown, the capture mechanism 130 is configured in size and shape so as to be routable through the guide catheter 105 and extendable beyond the distal end 115 of the guide catheter 105. The capture mechanism 130 may also be retracted back into the guide catheter 105.
Control(s) 120 may control the capture mechanism's 130 extension through and retraction back into the guide catheter 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the control(s) 120 may be configured to provide selective actuation of one or more components of the capture mechanism 130 described further below. The capture mechanism 130 is shown in generic form and therefore represents any of the capture mechanism 130 embodiments described herein.
In a transfemoral approach, the delivery catheter 105a is inserted into the patient's vasculature at a femoral vein and directed to the inferior vena cava 20. The catheter 105a is passed through the inferior vena cava 20 and into the right atrium 30. In the transjugular approach, the delivery catheter 105b is inserted into the patient's vasculature at a jugular vein and directed to the superior vena cava 70. The catheter 105b is passed through the superior vena cava 70 and into the right atrium 30. Subsequently, in either approach, the distal end 115 of the catheter 105 is pushed across the septum 40 so as to be positioned in the left atrium 50 superior of the mitral valve 405.
As explained further below, the capture mechanism 130 is then directed partially through the mitral valve 405 and partially into the left ventricle 60 so that an interventional implant at the mitral valve 405 can be captured and surrounding leaflet tissue can be cut to free the implant.
Capture Mechanism Details
The capture hypotube 205 may comprise a cutout portion 230 sized to fit an interventional implant targeted for removal. The capture mechanism 130 may further comprise a cutting arm 210 configured to selectively advance relative to the capture hypotube 205 to cover the cutout portion 230 and retract relative to the capture hypotube 205 to uncover the cutout portion 230. The cutting arm 210 may be disposed outside surface of the capture hypotube 205, as shown. Alternatively, the cutting arm 210 may be disposed within the capture hypotube 205. In either configuration, the cutting arm 210 is axially translatable relative to the capture hypotube 205 to provide selective covering and uncovering of the cutout portion 230.
As described in more detail below, the capture hypotube 205 may be positioned adjacent to an interventional implant targeted for removal from a cardiac valve. The interventional implant may be, for example, a fixation device that approximates two adjacent leaflets. Typically, the cutting arm 210 is put in an advanced position to cover the cutout portion 230 during routing of the capture hypotube 205 through the guide catheter 105 and into proper position at the cardiac valve. Then, when the capture hypotube 205 is positioned adjacent to the targeted interventional implant, the cutting arm 210 may be moved to a retracted position so as to uncover the cutout portion 230 of the capture hypotube 205.
The distal end of the capture hypotube 205 may comprise a container portion 220 sized to fit and house the interventional implant after it has passed into the capture hypotube 205 via the cutout portion 230. Although in
The capture mechanism 130 may comprise an axial actuator 215 configured to advance or retract relative to the capture hypotube 205 and thereby enable advancing/pushing the interventional implant from the cutout portion 230 into the container portion 220 and optionally also retracting/pulling it therefrom. The axial actuator 215 may comprise a pusher, a hook, a block, other structure for manipulating the interventional implant, or combination thereof.
A proximal end of the container portion 220 may comprise a first cutting element 225a. Additionally, or alternatively, a distal end of the cutting arm 210 may comprise a second cutting element 225b. The first and second cutting elements 225a and 225b may be configured to cut tissue surrounding the interventional implant when an interventional implant is positioned within the container portion 220 and the cutting arm 210 is advanced to cover the cutout portion 230 of the capture hypotube 205, and to thereby detach the interventional implant from the surrounding tissue. The cutting arm 210 may also be configured to be rotatable relative to the capture hypotube 205 to actuate and/or assist in cutting tissue.
The first and/or second cutting elements 225a, 225b may comprise sharpened edges that function to cut tissue upon sufficient advancement of the cutting arm 210. Additionally, or alternatively, the first and/or second cutting elements 225a, 225b may comprise electrodes configured to provide radio frequency current energy to tissue. The capture hypotube 205 and/or cutting arm 210 may be coated with an electrically insulating coating material while the first and second cutting mechanisms 225a and 225b remain uncoated. The uncoated edges of the cutting elements 225a and/or 225b may comprise a material with low impedance, such as platinum, iridium, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.
Capture & Retrieval of an Interventional Implant
As shown in
Alternative Capture Mechanism Embodiments
As shown, the capture mechanism 330 may comprise a capture hypotube 305. A distal end of the capture mechanism 330 may comprise cutting arm 310 in the shape of a hook configured to extend from the distal end of the capture hypotube 305, thereby creating a cavity 315 sized to fit the interventional implant, as shown in
As shown, the distal end of the capture hypotube 305 may comprise a first cutting element 325a, and an inside surface of the retractable cutting arm 310 may comprise a second cutting element 325b. The first and second cutting elements 325a and 325b may be configured to cut tissue to which the interventional implant is attached when the retractable cutting arm 310 retracts sufficiently to bring the cutting elements 325a and 325b together, thereby detaching the interventional implant from the surrounding tissue.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Following are some further example embodiments of the invention. These are presented only by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Embodiment 1. A capture mechanism configured for capturing an interventional implant previously implanted at cardiac valve tissue, the capture mechanism comprising: a capture hypotube having a container portion disposed therein, the container portion being configured to receive and house the interventional implant, a cutting arm axially translatable relative to the capture hypotube; a first cutting element disposed at an edge of the capture hypotube, and a second cutting element disposed at an edge of the cutting arm and oriented to face the first cutting element, wherein axial translation of the cutting arm relative to the capture hypotube brings the first cutting element into contact with the second cutting element to thereby cut cardiac tissue disposed therebetween.
Embodiment 2. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 1, wherein the container portion is adjacent a cutout portion that faces laterally and is configured to receive the interventional implant.
Embodiment 3. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 2, further comprising an axial actuator configured to translate axially relative to the capture hypotube, the axial actuator being configured to extend into the cutout portion to thereby enable the interventional implant to be pushed from the cutout portion toward the adjacent container portion.
Embodiment 4. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 2 or 3, wherein the cutting arm is configured to cover the cutout portion when in an advanced position relative to the capture hypotube and to uncover and expose the cutout portion when in a retracted position relative to the capture hypotube.
Embodiment 5. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 2-4, wherein the container portion is disposed at a distal end of the capture hypotube, and wherein the cutout portion is disposed proximal of the container portion.
Embodiment 6. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the first cutting element, the second cutting element, or both comprise sharpened edges.
Embodiment 7. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-6, wherein the first cutting element, the second cutting element, or both comprise serrated and/or wavy edges.
Embodiment 8. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the first cutting element, the second cutting element, or both comprise a lateral cutting edge.
Embodiment 9. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-8, wherein the first cutting element, the second cutting element, or both comprise electrodes conductive to radio frequency energy.
Embodiment 10. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 9, wherein the capture hypotube and the cutting arm are formed from a conductive material and are coated with an insulating coating, except that the first and second cutting elements remain uncoated.
Embodiment 11. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-10, wherein the cutting arm is also rotatable relative to the capture hypotube.
Embodiment 12. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-11, wherein the cutting arm is formed as a hypotube.
Embodiment 13. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 12, wherein the cutting arm hypotube is disposed outside of the capture hypotube.
Embodiment 14. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-13, wherein the first cutting element faces proximally and the second cutting element faces distally.
Embodiment 15. The capture mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-14, wherein the first cutting element faces distally and the second cutting element faces proximally.
Embodiment 16. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 15, wherein the cutting arm comprises a hook, and wherein the cutting arm is configured to extend beyond a distal end of the capture hypotube to form a cavity between the distal end of the capture hypotube and a proximal side of the hook.
Embodiment 17. The capture mechanism of Embodiment 16, wherein the first cutting element being disposed at the distal end of the capture hypotube and the second cutting element being disposed at the proximal side of the hook.
Embodiment 18. A system for detaching an interventional implant from a cardiac valve, the system comprising: a guide catheter having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end of the guide catheter being steerable to a position adjacent a cardiac valve; and a capture mechanism as in any one of Embodiments 1-17, routable through the guide catheter and configured to extend beyond the distal end of the guide catheter.
Embodiment 19. The system of Embodiment 18, further comprising a handle coupled to the proximal end of the guide catheter, the handle comprising at least one control operatively connected to the capture mechanism to enable actuation of the cutting arm to thereby provide translation and/or rotation of the cutting arm relative to the capture hypotube.
Embodiment 20. A method of detaching an interventional implant from a cardiac valve within a body, the method comprising: providing a system for detaching an interventional implant from a cardiac valve as in Embodiment 18 or 19, positioning the distal end of the guide catheter near a targeted cardiac valve, the targeted cardiac valve including an interventional implant affixed to cardiac valve tissue, extending the capture mechanism distally beyond the distal end of the guide catheter, capturing the interventional implant within the container portion of the capture hypotube, and actuating the cutting arm to cut cardiac tissue and thereby detach the interventional implant from the cardiac tissue
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/020,673, filed May 6, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20210346029 A1 | Nov 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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63020673 | May 2020 | US |