Patent Grant
12115128
The present application is the national stage entry of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2020/072945, filed on Aug. 17, 2020, and claims priority to Application No. EP 19306021.7, filed on Aug. 21, 2019, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to the field medicament containers, such as bottles, cartridges, carpules or vials. In particular, the disclosure relates to a primary packaging configured to accommodate a liquid medicament. The primary packaging, such as a bottle, a cartridge, a vial, or a carpule or is typically filled with a liquid medicament, e.g. with an injectable liquid medicament.
Medicament containers such as bottles, cartridges, carpules or vials comprise an outlet end that has to be closed and sealed in a liquid tight and/or gas tight manner. Since the interior of the medicament container has to be sterile the seal is typically non-detachably fixed on or at the outlet end of the medicament container. The seal may be penetrable by a piercing element, such as a cannula or an injection needle in order to enable withdrawal or expelling of a liquid into the interior of the medicament container and/or for withdrawing or expelling a liquid substance, e.g. a liquid medicament from the interior of the medicament container.
The medicament container may be filled with a liquid, e.g. an injectable medicament. The medicament container may also accommodate a lyophilized medicament. Here, the seal may be penetrated by some type of administering device in order to add a solvent or diluent into the interior of the medicament container in order to prepare or to reconstitute the liquid medicament inside the medicament container.
In order to conduct a container closure integrity test there may be provided particularly prepared medicament containers that are sealed by commercially available seals. For the purpose of conducting a container closure integrity testing and/for conducting a leakage test, e.g. a helium leakage test, the medicament container may be particularly prepared. Here, a barrel of the medicament container may comprise well-defined through openings, e.g. laser drilled holes of comparatively small size defining a certain leakage rate when the interior of the sealed container is subject to a pressure that differs from an ambient pressure.
Barrels for medicament containers particularly designed or prepared for container closure integrity testing are quite expensive. Moreover, such barrels may be made of a vitreous and hence brittle material, such as glass. Conventional closure caps for sealing the outlet end of a barrel typically comprise a beaded metal cap that is crimped by a particular tool to the outlet end of the barrel in order to fix the seal to the outlet end. If one and the same test barrel should be used with a series of seals the disassembly of a crimped metal cap from the outlet end is quite cumbersome for an operator. Moreover, such a disassembly typically comes along with an increased risk of damaging the barrel of the container.
It is therefore desirable to provide an improved closure for a medicament container, wherein the closure enables a detachable fixing of an elastomeric seal to an outlet end of a barrel of the medicament container. The container closure should be easy and simple in its overall handling. The assembly and disassembly of the closure should be intuitively understandable. The closure should provide a durable and robust as well as leak-proof attachment and fixing of the elastomeric seal to the outlet end of the medicament container. Additionally, the closure should be easy to manufacture at moderate costs.
In one aspect there is provided a closure cap for sealing an outlet end of a barrel of a medicament container. The outlet end of the barrel has a radially widened rim. The outlet end is further sealable or is sealed by an elastomeric seal. The elastomeric seal comprises a flange portion. The flange portion is configured to abut in a longitudinal direction with the outlet end of the barrel. Here, and in the present context, the longitudinal direction may coincide with an axial direction. The longitudinal direction and/or the axial direction may extend parallel or may coincide with a longitudinal central axis of e.g. a tubular-shaped barrel or the medicament container.
The closure cap comprises a cap body. The cap body comprises a retainer portion and a fastening portion. The retainer portion is configured to engage with the elastomeric seal. The fastening portion is configured to engage with the radially widened rim of the outlet end.
The fastening portion comprises a resiliently and radially deformable fastener. The fastener comprises a snap feature that is configured to releasably engage with the radially widened rim of the outlet end of the barrel.
Moreover, a longitudinal distance or axial distance between the retainer portion and the snap feature is sized to receive the radially widened rim of the outlet end and the flange portion of the elastomeric seal between the retainer portion and the snap feature. In this way, and by appropriately designing the distance between the retainer portion engageable with the elastomeric seal and the snap feature engageable with an outside of the radially widened rim a snap fit connection and/or a positive fit can be provided between the closure cap and the barrel of the medicament container.
The resiliently and radially deformable fastener enables a well-defined detachment and release of the snap feature from the radially widened rim if a user applies a pull up force above a predefined threshold force. In this way the closure cap provides a snap fit connection and snap fit-based fixing of the elastomeric seal to the outlet end of the barrel of the medicament container. Such a snap fit connection is particularly useful for medicament containers particularly prepared for gas leakage testing, e.g. for the purpose of conducting a container closure integrity testing. With the snap feature of the fastening portion configured to releasably engage with the radially widened rim of the outlet end a likelihood and a danger of damaging the barrel upon removal or detachment of the closure cap from the outlet end of the barrel is substantially decreased. The overall lifetime of particularly configured and prepared barrels for leakage testing purpose can be thus increased.
According to a further example the longitudinal distance between the retainer portion and the snap feature is less than or equal to the sum of a longitudinal extension of the radially widened rim of the outlet end and a longitudinal thickness of the flange portion of the elastomeric seal. When appropriately assembled to the outlet end of the barrel the flange portion of the elastomeric seal is in direct longitudinal or axial abutment with a distal end face of the barrel. The distal end face of the barrel may contribute to the radially widened rim. The radially widened rim extends in longitudinal direction from the distal end face to a proximal abutment face coinciding with a stepped down portion of the radially widened rim. This abutment face or contact surface of the proximal end of the radially widened rim is configured to engage with the snap feature of the fastening portion. Typically, the snap feature of the fastening portion protrudes radially inwardly and grips under the abutment face or contact surface at the proximal end of the radially widened rim. The radially widened rim is typically a radially outwardly protruding rim.
When the longitudinal distance between the retainer portion and the snap feature is less than the sum of the longitudinal extension of the radially widened rim and the longitudinal thickness of the flange portion the snap fit engagement between the snap feature and the radially widened rim is only obtained with an at least slight axial or longitudinal compression of the elastomeric seal. In this way the sealing capability of the elastomeric seal and the container closure integrity can be increased. In such a configuration, the seal is pre-tensed and is kept in a pre-tensed or pre-biased, e.g. slightly squeezed state on or at the outlet end of the barrel.
With other examples, wherein the longitudinal distance between the retainer portion and the snap feature is equal or substantially equal to the sum of the longitudinal extension of the radially widened rim and the longitudinal thickness of the flange portion at least a slack-free fixing and attachment of the elastomeric seal to the outlet end can be reached.
According to another example the cap body of the closure cap comprises a lid portion and a sidewall. The lid portion and the sidewall form a cup-shaped receptacle. The cup-shaped receptacle is configured to receive the radially widened rim of the outlet end and the flange portion of the elastomeric seal. The cup-shaped receptacle is sized and configured to receive the radially widened rim and the flange portion only when the elastomeric seal is attached to the outlet end, e.g. when at least a portion of the elastomeric seal is located inside the outlet end of the barrel.
The lid portion may comprise a closed lid portion. The lid portion may comprise a substantially even or flat-shaped disc covering the entirety or at least a portion of the outside surface of the seal. The lid portion may comprise or may form an abutment face facing towards and getting in direct abutment with the outside surface of the elastomeric seal when appropriately assembled. The lid portion may be void of any through openings or recesses. The lid portion may be a closed lid portion. The lid portion is impenetrable for syringes or other piercing tools. The lid portion provides a comparatively high mechanical resistivity against puncturing.
The sidewall may be of cylindrical or tubular shape. The sidewall and the lid portion may be integrally formed. The sidewall may extend substantially parallel to a surface normal of at least a lower side of the lid portion. The sidewall may extend away from the lid portion in a direction substantially parallel to the abutment face of the lid portion. The sidewall may be void of any longitudinal slits or recesses. In this way, the sidewall features a comparatively high degree of mechanical stability and/or stiffness. The mutual interconnection of the sidewall and the lid portion provides a mutual stabilizing of the lid portion and the sidewall. In other words, the sidewall connected to the lid portion provides a strengthening and an increase of rigidity of the lid portion. Put the other way around the lid portion also enhances the stiffness and the rigidity of the sidewall.
With some examples the fastening portion is integrated into the sidewall. With some examples the fastening portion is formed or constituted by the sidewall. In other words, the fastening portion and the sidewall may coincide.
Moreover, the cup-shaped receptacle formed by the sidewall and the lid portion is void of any through openings or recesses. Apart from a lower end of the sidewall opposite to the lid portion the cup-shaped receptacle does not comprise any openings. In this way and when appropriately attached to the outlet end of the barrel the closed cup-shaped receptacle provides a rather effective protection of the elastomeric seal against environmental influences, such as electromagnetic radiation, humidity and/or particles, such as dust. Typically, the closure cap is non-transparent for electromagnetic radiation in at least one of the visible spectral range, the infrared spectral range and the UV spectral range. In this way, the closure cap serves and provides a long-term protection for the elastomeric seal.
According to another example the snap feature comprises a protrusion protruding from an inside surface of the sidewall. The protrusion of the snap feature may comprise at least one beveled edge and/or a lead-in chamfer. This enables and facilitates a mechanical snap fit engagement with at least one of the flange portion of the elastomeric seal and the radially widened rim of the outlet end of the barrel. The protrusion serves to flex or to deform the fastener and hence the entire fastening portion, e.g. the entire sidewall radially outwardly in the course of attaching the closure cap on the radially widened rim of the outlet end.
When the protrusion has passed the radially widened rim in longitudinal direction it may snap under the recessed portion of the radially widened rim under the effect of inherent resilient restoring forces. Typically, the protrusion comprises beveled edges at a distal end, i.e. that end facing towards the retainer portion and at a proximal end, i.e. that end facing away from the retainer portion. The proximally facing beveled edge, e.g. implemented as a lead-in chamfer helps and/or supports to radially widen the sidewall and/or to radially outwardly displace the fastening portion and the fastener in the course of urging or depressing the closure cap in proximal direction onto the outlet end. The distally facing beveled edge of the radially inwardly protruding protrusion is effective to induce a radial widening and/or a radially outwardly directed displacement or deformation of the fastening portion and/or of the fastener in the course of detaching the closure cap from the outlet end.
Typically, the distally facing beveled edge is steeper than the proximally facing beveled edge. In this way, attaching of the closure cap to the outlet end may require an assembly force that is smaller than a pull off force required for detaching the closure cap from the outlet end.
According to a further example the sidewall of the cap body is of tubular shape. Moreover, the snap feature comprises a radially inwardly protruding rim. Both, the sidewall and the snap feature may be void of any recesses, slits or through openings. In this way, a tensionally and mechanically stable sidewall and/or a respective snap feature can be provided. Even if the closure cap, typically made of a polymeric or plastic material, should become subject to creep a reliable and durable leak-proof attachment of the elastomeric seal can still be provided.
According to a further example a longitudinal thickness of the lid portion in a radial center of the lid portion is larger than a longitudinal thickness of the lid portion at a radial distance from the radial center of the lid portion. In other words, the longitudinal thickness of the lid portion increases from a radial outwardly located region towards the radial center region. The longitudinal thickness of the lid portion may increase continuously, gradually or in discrete steps. Increasing the thickness of the lid portion in a radial center thereof compared to the radial outer region is beneficial to provide a well-defined elastic bending or elastic deformation of the lid portion in the course of a pull off or detachment of the closure cap from the outlet end.
Typically, the sidewall is connected to a radially outwardly located portion of the lid portion. In particular, the sidewall may adjoin the lid portion in a region, in which the lid portion has a minimum thickness. Such a geometric implementation of the lid portion may be of particular benefit. In this way, the flexibility of the lid portion in a radial outer region is larger than the flexibility of the lid portion in a radial central region. This helps to lift or to deform at least a portion of the lid portion in the course of a pull off action of the closure cap from the outlet end.
In the course of a disassembly or detachment of the closure cap from the outlet end only a particular circumferential section of the sidewall and/or of the snap feature may disengage from the radially widened rim. The deformation of the closure cap enables ingress of air in the space between the interior of the cup-shaped receptacle and an exterior of the elastomeric seal and the radially widened rim. This may help to proceed with the detachment of the closure cap from the radially widened rim.
According to a further example the snap feature is located at or near a free end of the fastening portion. The free end of the fastening portion faces away from the retainer portion. Typically, the snap feature is located at an inside of the free end of the fastening portion. The second snap feature is located at a free end of the sidewall, which free end faces away from the retainer portion. In this way, the snap feature is located at a portion or end of the fastening portion or of the sidewall that exhibits a maximum of flexibility because it comprises a maximum distance to the retainer portion or lid portion inherently stabilizing the fastening portion or the sidewall.
According to another example the snap feature comprises a lead-in chamfer or a beveled edge to engage with at least one of the flange portion of the elastomeric seal and the radially widened rim of the outlet end. Typically, the lead-in chamfer faces in proximal direction thus inducing a radial widening or a radially outwardly directed deformation of the snap feature and hence of the fastener, the fastening portion and/or of the sidewall in the course of assembling the closure cap to the outlet end of the barrel.
According to another example the retainer portion and the fastening portion are integrally formed. The cap body is made of a polymeric material and/or the cap body is made of a plastic material. Typically, the closure cap in its entirety can be implemented as an injection molded plastic component. The closure cap may comprise a unitary cap body. The cap body may coincide with the closure cap and may constitute the closure cap. The barrel of the medicament container may comprise or may be made of a vitreous material, such as glass. With some examples the barrel of the medicament container is made of a polymeric material and/or a plastic material. The barrel of the container is typically transparent for electromagnetic radiation in at least one of the visual spectral range, the infrared spectral range and the ultraviolet spectral range.
According to another example the closure cap comprises an outer flange portion protruding radially outwardly from at least one of the retainer portion and the fastening portion. Typically and with some examples the outer flange portion belongs to the lid portion. The retainer portion and the flange portion may constitute the lid portion. Insofar, the flange portion may comprise or may represent a radially outwardly extending extension of the retainer portion. An upper or distally facing outside surface of the outer flange portion may flush with an upper outside surface of the retainer portion and/or of the lid portion.
The outer flange portion may protrude radially outwardly from an outside of the sidewall and hence from an outside of the fastening portion of the cap body.
The radially outwardly extending flange portion enables a well-defined gripping of the cap body in particular for the purpose of detaching the closure cap from the outlet end.
Insofar and according to another example the outer flange portion comprises a lower gripping surface facing towards the fastening portion or facing in proximal longitudinal direction. The lower gripping surface may extend substantially parallel to an outside surface of the lid portion or of the outer flange portion. The lower gripping surface enables a well-defined and intuitive gripping of the closure cap in order to enable an easy and well-defined pull off of the closure cap from the outlet end of the barrel.
According to a further example the outer flange portion comprises an outer rim protruding in longitudinal direction from the lower gripping surface. The outer rim may coincide or may flush with an outer side edge of the flange portion. The outer rim may form a longitudinal extension of the circumferential side edge of the outer flange portion. Typically, the outer rim protrudes in proximal direction from the lower gripping surface of the outer flange portion. The outer rim further stabilizes the outer flange portion. Moreover, the outer rim provides a rather slip-free and good gripping for fingers of a user's hand gripping under the lower gripping surface in order to lift up the closure cap.
Moreover, and according to another example the outer flange portion comprises a number of radially extending struts extending from the fastening portion to the outer rim. Typically, the radially extending struts extend radially outwardly from the fastening portion, e.g. from an outside of the sidewall of the closure cap to the outer rim. The radially extending struts further enhance the stability and/or rigidity of the outer flange portion. Moreover, the radially extending struts help to provide a slip-free gripping of the lower gripping surface by fingers of a user's hand.
According to a further example the fastening portion comprises a tamper evident seal. The tamper evident seal comprises a frangible section. The frangible section comprises at least a first frangible segment and a second frangible segment. The first frangible segment and the second frangible segment are interconnected by a frangible connector. The frangible connector may comprise a structural weakening or a perforation, hence a perforated connection between the first frangible segment and the second frangible segment. The tamper evident seal may be integrally formed with the cap body or may be integrated into the cap body. The tamper evident seal irreversibly breaks or disintegrates upon detachment or disassembly of the closure cap from the outlet end of the barrel. In this way and once the tamper evident seal has been broken, this is a clear indication to a user of the medicament container that the medicament container has been opened before.
The tamper evident closure is of particular use for examples, in which the medicament container is intended to be filled with a medicament. Since the detachable closure cap enables a complete detachment and disassembly of the seal from the outlet end it may be important to indicate, that a closure cap actually assembled and attached to the outlet end of the barrel has been detached from the barrel before. In such situations and once the closure cap has been detached or removed from the outlet end the medicament container may no longer fulfill predefined aseptic or sterile conditions.
Typically, the tamper evident seal may comprise an inner diameter that is adapted to an outer diameter of a stepped down neck of the barrel of the medicament container. The inner diameter of the tamper evident seal in the unbroken and initial condition is smaller than the outer diameter of the radially widened rim at the outlet end of the barrel. Detaching of the closure cap from the outlet end of the barrel requires at least one of a detachment of a frangible section of the tamper evident seal from the sidewall of the closure cap and a detachment or breakage of a frangible connector between frangible segments of the tamper evident seal.
According to another aspect the disclosure relates to a medicament container. The medicament container comprises a barrel comprising an outlet end. The outlet end of the barrel comprises a radially widened rim. The rim is a radially outwardly protruding rim, typically protruding from a stepped down neck portion of the barrel. The medicament container further comprises an elastomeric seal configured to seal the outlet end and comprising a flange portion to abut in a longitudinal or axial direction with the outlet end. The elastomeric seal may comprise an elastomeric stopper configured for insertion into the outlet end. With other examples the elastomeric seal comprises an elastomeric disc-shaped septum configured for abutment with the distal end face of the barrel without entering into an outlet aperture of the barrel.
The medicament container further comprises a closure cap as described above. Here, the retainer portion of the closure cap is engaged with the elastomeric seal. The snap feature of the fastening portion of the closure cap is releasably engaged with the radially widened rim of the outlet end to keep and/or to fix the elastomeric seal in position on or to the outlet end. Typically, the retainer portion, e.g. a proximally facing abutment face, e.g. coinciding with the cup-shaped receptacle formed by the lid portion and the sidewall of the cap body is in tight axial abutment or engagement with a distally facing outside surface of the elastomeric seal. The snap feature is in positive engagement with the proximal end of the radially widened rim of the barrel and keeps and fixes the elastomeric seal in position on the outlet end.
According to a further example a medicament, such as a parenteral drug is arranged inside the barrel. The medicament may comprise a liquid injectable medicament. With other examples the medicament is provided as a dry powder inside the barrel. Here, the dry powder has to be mixed with a solvent or diluent in order to prepare a liquid medicament. Detaching of the closure cap may be of particular use for filling the interior of the barrel with a suitable diluent or solvent.
According to another example the barrel comprises at least one through opening in a region offset from the outlet end. Here, the barrel is configured as a leakage test barrel. The barrel may comprise a leakage test barrel. The through opening may be in a size of 1 μm-100 μm. With other examples the through opening has a transverse size or a diameter between 2 μm and 50 μm. With further examples the at least one through opening comprises a lateral size or a diameter of about 5 μm-15 μm.
The at least one through opening may be a laser drilled through opening in the vitreous material of the barrel. Typically, the through opening extends through a sidewall or through a bottom and/or through a shoulder portion of the barrel. Here, the barrel may be made of a vitreous material. The barrel may comprise a glass barrel.
The detachable arrangement and/or fixing of the elastomeric seal to the outlet end of the barrel as provided by the closure cap is of particular benefit for conducting a series of leakage tests with one and the same particularly prepared barrel. Here, numerous seals may have to be appropriately assembled and fixed to the outlet end of one and the same barrel one after the other. With each barrel seal combination a leakage test, such as a helium leakage test is conducted. For exchanging such elastomeric seals the detachable closure cap is of particular value and benefit.
Generally, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the content of the claims. The injection device is not limited to specific embodiments or examples but comprises any combination of elements of different embodiments or examples. Insofar, the present disclosure covers any combination of claims and any technically feasible combination of the features disclosed in connection with different examples or embodiments.
In the present context the term ‘distal’ or ‘distal end’ relates to an end of the medicament container that faces towards an outlet end or that comprises the outlet end. The term ‘proximal’ or ‘proximal end’ relates to an opposite end of the container, which is furthest away from an outlet end.
The term “drug” or “medicament”, as used herein, means a pharmaceutical formulation containing at least one pharmaceutically active compound, wherein in one embodiment the pharmaceutically active compound has a molecular weight up to 1500 Da and/or is a peptide, a proteine, a polysaccharide, a vaccine, a DNA, a RNA, an enzyme, an antibody or a fragment thereof, a hormone or an oligonucleotide, or a mixture of the above-mentioned pharmaceutically active compound, wherein in a further embodiment the pharmaceutically active compound is useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus or complications associated with diabetes mellitus such as diabetic retinopathy, thromboembolism disorders such as deep vein or pulmonary thromboembolism, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), angina, myocardial infarction, cancer, macular degeneration, inflammation, hay fever, atherosclerosis and/or rheumatoid arthritis, wherein in a further embodiment the pharmaceutically active compound comprises at least one peptide for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus or complications associated with diabetes mellitus such as diabetic retinopathy, wherein in a further embodiment the pharmaceutically active compound comprises at least one human insulin or a human insulin analogue or derivative, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) or an analogue or derivative thereof, or exendin-3 or exendin-4 or an analogue or derivative of exendin-3 or exendin-4.
Insulin analogues are for example Gly(A21), Arg(B31), Arg(B32) human insulin; Lys(B3), Glu(B29) human insulin; Lys(B28), Pro(B29) human insulin; Asp(B28) human insulin; human insulin, wherein proline in position B28 is replaced by Asp, Lys, Leu, Val or Ala and wherein in position B29 Lys may be replaced by Pro; Ala(B26) human insulin; Des(B28-B30) human insulin; Des(B27) human insulin and Des(B30) human insulin.
Insulin derivates are for example B29-N-myristoyl-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-palmitoyl-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-myristoyl human insulin; B29-N-palmitoyl human insulin; B28-N-myristoyl LysB28ProB29 human insulin; B28-N-palmitoyl-LysB28ProB29 human insulin; B30-N-myristoyl-ThrB29LysB30 human insulin; B30-N-palmitoyl-ThrB29LysB30 human insulin; B29-N—(N-palmitoyl-Y-glutamyl)-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N—(N-lithocholyl-Y-glutamyl)-des(B30) human insulin; B29-N-(ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl)-des(B30) human insulin and B29-N-(ω-carboxyheptadecanoyl) human insulin.
Exendin-4 for example means Exendin-4(1-39), a peptide of the sequence H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2.
Exendin-4 derivatives are for example selected from the following list of compounds:
Hormones are for example hypophysis hormones or hypothalamus hormones or regulatory active peptides and their antagonists as listed in Rote Liste, ed. 2008, Chapter 50, such as Gonadotropine (Follitropin, Lutropin, Choriongonadotropin, Menotropin), Somatropine (Somatropin), Desmopressin, Terlipressin, Gonadorelin, Triptorelin, Leuprorelin, Buserelin, Nafarelin, Goserelin.
A polysaccharide is for example a glucosaminoglycane, a hyaluronic acid, a heparin, a low molecular weight heparin or an ultra low molecular weight heparin or a derivative thereof, or a sulphated, e.g. a poly-sulphated form of the above-mentioned polysaccharides, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. An example of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a poly-sulphated low molecular weight heparin is enoxaparin sodium.
Antibodies are globular plasma proteins (˜150 kDa) that are also known as immunoglobulins which share a basic structure. As they have sugar chains added to amino acid residues, they are glycoproteins. The basic functional unit of each antibody is an immunoglobulin (Ig) monomer (containing only one Ig unit); secreted antibodies can also be dimeric with two Ig units as with IgA, tetrameric with four Ig units like teleost fish IgM, or pentameric with five Ig units, like mammalian IgM.
The Ig monomer is a “Y”-shaped molecule that consists of four polypeptide chains; two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains connected by disulfide bonds between cysteine residues. Each heavy chain is about 440 amino acids long; each light chain is about 220 amino acids long. Heavy and light chains each contain intrachain disulfide bonds which stabilize their folding. Each chain is composed of structural domains called Ig domains. These domains contain about 70-110 amino acids and are classified into different categories (for example, variable or V, and constant or C) according to their size and function. They have a characteristic immunoglobulin fold in which two β sheets create a “sandwich” shape, held together by interactions between conserved cysteines and other charged amino acids.
There are five types of mammalian Ig heavy chain denoted by α, δ, ε, γ, and μ. The type of heavy chain present defines the isotype of antibody; these chains are found in IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM antibodies, respectively.
Distinct heavy chains differ in size and composition; α and γ contain approximately 450 amino acids and δ approximately 500 amino acids, while μ and ε have approximately 550 amino acids. Each heavy chain has two regions, the constant region (CH) and the variable region (VH). In one species, the constant region is essentially identical in all antibodies of the same isotype, but differs in antibodies of different isotypes. Heavy chains γ, α and δ have a constant region composed of three tandem Ig domains, and a hinge region for added flexibility; heavy chains μ and ε have a constant region composed of four immunoglobulin domains. The variable region of the heavy chain differs in antibodies produced by different B cells, but is the same for all antibodies produced by a single B cell or B cell clone. The variable region of each heavy chain is approximately 110 amino acids long and is composed of a single Ig domain.
In mammals, there are two types of immunoglobulin light chain denoted by λ and κ. A light chain has two successive domains: one constant domain (CL) and one variable domain (VL). The approximate length of a light chain is 211 to 217 amino acids. Each antibody contains two light chains that are always identical; only one type of light chain, K or A, is present per antibody in mammals.
Although the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, the unique property of a given antibody is determined by the variable (V) regions, as detailed above. More specifically, variable loops, three each the light (VL) and three on the heavy (VH) chain, are responsible for binding to the antigen, i.e. for its antigen specificity. These loops are referred to as the Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs). Because CDRs from both VH and VL domains contribute to the antigen-binding site, it is the combination of the heavy and the light chains, and not either alone, that determines the final antigen specificity.
An “antibody fragment” contains at least one antigen binding fragment as defined above, and exhibits essentially the same function and specificity as the complete antibody of which the fragment is derived from. Limited proteolytic digestion with papain cleaves the Ig prototype into three fragments. Two identical amino terminal fragments, each containing one entire L chain and about half an H chain, are the antigen binding fragments (Fab). The third fragment, similar in size but containing the carboxyl terminal half of both heavy chains with their interchain disulfide bond, is the crystalizable fragment (Fc). The Fc contains carbohydrates, complement-binding, and FcR-binding sites. Limited pepsin digestion yields a single F(ab′)2 fragment containing both Fab pieces and the hinge region, including the H—H interchain disulfide bond. F(ab′)2 is divalent for antigen binding. The disulfide bond of F(ab′)2 may be cleaved in order to obtain Fab′. Moreover, the variable regions of the heavy and light chains can be fused together to form a single chain variable fragment (scFv).
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are for example acid addition salts and basic salts. Acid addition salts are e.g. HCl or HBr salts. Basic salts are e.g. salts having a cation selected from alkali or alkaline, e.g. Na+, or K+, or Ca2+, or an ammonium ion N+(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4), wherein R1 to R4 independently of each other mean: hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-C6-alkyl group, an optionally substituted C2-C6-alkenyl group, an optionally substituted C6-C10-aryl group, or an optionally substituted C6-C10-heteroaryl group. Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are described in “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences” 17. ed. Alfonso R. Gennaro (Ed.), Mark Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., U.S.A., 1985 and in Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology.
Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates are for example hydrates.
It will be further apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Further, it is to be noted, that any reference numerals used in the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
In the following, numerous examples of the injection device comprising a filling level indicator will be described in greater detail by making reference to the drawings, in which:
In
At the very end the barrel 2 comprises an outlet end 7. At the outlet end the barrel 2 comprises a radially widened rim 11. The inside surface 18 in the region of the neck portion 6 extends unaltered towards the distal end face 12 of the barrel 2 as illustrated in
Such a tubular shape of the inside surface 18 is particularly configured to receive a correspondingly and tubular-shaped insert section 86 of an elastomeric seal 80 as illustrated in
The radial extension of the flange portion 94 substantially equals the radial extension of the distal end face 12. Insofar the entirety of the distal end face 12 of the barrel 2 may be covered and may be in sealed engagement with the proximal surface 92 of the flange portion 94. In addition, the outside surface 87 of the insert section 86 is in sealing engagement with the inside surface 18 of the combined head portion 10 and neck portion 6. Also here, a liquid tight and/or gas tight seal between the seal 80 and the outlet end 7 of the barrel 2 can be obtained.
As indicated further in
In addition and as illustrated in
The seal 80 or the stopper 82 is typically made of a chlorobutyl rubber or a bromobutyl rubber or combinations thereof.
In order to provide a detachable seal for the medicament container 1 the medicament container 1 further comprises a detachable closure cap 20 as illustrated in greater detail in
The cap body 22 further comprises a fastening portion 26 extending away from the lower or proximal side of the retainer portion 24. The fastening portion 26 comprises a resiliently and radially deformable fastener 28. The fastener 28 comprises a snap feature 30. The snap feature 30 is configured to releasably engage with the radially widened rim 11 of the outlet end 7 as illustrated in
As particularly illustrated in
In this way, establishing of a snap fit connection between the snap feature 30 and the recessed portion 14 at the proximal end of the radially widened rim 11 is only possible with an at least slight axial or longitudinal squeezing of the seal 80. In this way, a well-defined surface pressure between the proximal surface 92 of the seal 80 and the distal end face 12 of the barrel 2 can be obtained.
The snap feature 30 comprises a radially inwardly extending protrusion 34. The protrusion 34 protrudes radially inwardly from an inside surface 32 of the sidewall 40. The radially inwardly extending protrusion 34 is located at or near a proximal or free end 27 of the fastening portion 26, of the fastener 28 and/or of the sidewall 40. As indicated further in
The beveled edge 36 is configured to induce a radial widening or a radially outwardly directed deformation of the snap feature 30 and hence of the fastening portion 26, the fastener 28 and/or of the sidewall 40 when the closure cap 20 is detached from the barrel 2. Here and as indicated in
The snap feature 30 may comprise numerous radially inwardly extending protrusions 34 distributed across the inside facing inside surface 32 of the sidewall 40. With some examples the snap feature 30 comprises a circumferential rim 44 protruding radially inwardly from the sidewall 40.
As further illustrated in
As indicated in
As illustrated further in
As further indicated in
The tamper evident seal may be integrally formed with the closure cap. With some examples it may be welded to the closure cap or connected to the closure cap by means of an adhesive.
Use of a tamper evident seal 100 is of particular benefit when the medicament container 1 contains a medicament, either in liquid or powdered form. With other examples and as illustrated in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19306021 | Aug 2019 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/072945 | 8/17/2020 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021/032653 | 2/25/2021 | WO | A |
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| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion in International Appln. No. PCT/EP2020/072945, dated Nov. 23, 2020, 10 pages. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Appln. No. PCT/EP2020/072945, dated Mar. 3, 2022, 7 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220296470 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
