Patent Grant
12207838
The present invention generally relates devices and methods for facilitating the cleaning of clot retrieval devices and other devices which remove acute blockages from blood vessels during intravascular medical treatments.
Clot retrieval devices are used in mechanical thrombectomy for endovascular intervention, particularly in cases where patients are suffering from conditions such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), myocardial infarction (MI), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Multiple attempts at clot removal are often necessary, particularly in cases where relatively large clots form in particularly confined spaces of the vasculature, such as the cerebral passages.
Given the challenges in treating occlusive clots, significant attention has been given to the implements and practice. The mechanics of typical mechanical thrombectomy procedures involve slowing or reversing blood flow at a treatment site within a patient to aid in dislodgement and retrieval of a blood clot or thrombus material. A delivery system can have a source for direct aspiration into an intermediate or access catheter, which is often used in conjunction with a rotating hemostasis valve assembly and a clot retrieval device. This setup, while convenient for executing the procedure, also means the clot retrieval device typically must be fully removed from the delivery system for cleaning after each capture attempt. Cleaning is often performed manually by the physician, using a rag and/or a jet of saline from a syringe.
Further treatment challenges are presented by the body itself. In addition to tortuosity of the path associated with gaining access to a clot, the vasculature in the vicinity can often be fragile. Structural and functional diversity between the different vessels in the vascular tree result in variations in their associated biomechanical properties. For example, neurovascular vessels are often more delicate than similarly sized vessels in other parts of the body. The small size and fragile nature of these vessels can often be an impediment to clot retrieval devices. For example, stent-like clot retrievers (stentrievers) rely on applying a tensile radial force on the walls as a means of securely gripping an occlusion in preparation for removal. However, excessive force on the vessel walls can result in hemorrhage and perforations. Additionally, while a strong grip on the clot can be desirable during the critical initial steps of retrieval, when the clot is loosened from its lodgment, it can also make post-removal cleaning of the device more difficult and time-intensive.
The clot can be complex morphologies and consistencies, ranging from simple tube-shaped structures taking the shape of the vessel to long, strand-like arrangements that can span multiple vessels at one time. The age of a clot can also affect its compliance, with older clots tending to be less compressible than a fresh clot, and with the interaction of blood pressure more capable of distorting the vessel itself. Experience has also demonstrated that depending on the nature of the interaction with a clot retrieval device, the mechanical properties of a clot can be affected in a significant way.
Since thrombectomy procedures are highly time-sensitive, with increasing durations presenting escalating risks to patient, there is always a need for improved methods, devices, and systems for improving the speed and efficacy of these procedures. For many reasons, including some or all of the above, it is often necessary for physicians to adjust the procedure to meet challenges which are encountered. One impediment which prolongs the operation is that current devices and methods for the retrieval of clots often require a physician to make multiple attempts at material removal if an obstruction is not completely cleared on the initial attempt. Since the objective of the procedure is to remove the occlusive material and recanalize the vessel, the retrieval device must be cleared of captured debris before subsequent attempts can be made.
Presently there is no easy means of cleaning a retriever in situ between capture attempts, meaning the device must be completely removed from the body and delivery system for cleaning after each effort. Each time this is done, access to the target site is lost. Furthermore, this process adds time to the procedure because it necessitates the manipulation of the delivery system's valve gasket and potentially other accessory devices used in the operation, while also increasing the exposure to contamination. Existing devices and methods do not adequately or comprehensively address these challenges. The invention resolves them by placing a cleaning instrument in the removal path of the retrieval device. As a result, substantial time is saved in the cleaning of the devices, thereby increasing the chances of treatment success.
It is an object of the present invention to provide systems, devices, and methods to meet the above-stated needs. Generally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a delivery system for a clot retrieval device and a cleaning instrument integrated into or mated with the delivery system positioned in the retrieval path of the clot retrieval device. The cleaning instrument has an opening or entrance passageway sized to receive the device in its deployed configuration and is intended to improve the process of preparing the device for reinsertion in to the vascular, thus facilitating further material capture attempts and shortening the overall duration of the invasive procedure.
The delivery system for the clot retrieval device could comprise a combination of one or more hemostasis valve assemblies, one or more wire gripping devices, and one or more controllable aspiration sources in series with an aspiration flow path. Rotating hemostasis valve assemblies facilitate the introduction of microcatheters, guidewires, and accessory devices, often through an intermediate or guide catheter, while minimizing back bleed and blood loss. This is accomplished by utilizing an entrance passageway into an internal lumen where catheters and other accessory devices are fed and then using a rotating adjustable gasket to maintain a hemostatically sealed condition. When open, the gasket allows devices to be introduced into the passageway. When closed and tightened, this gasket can control blood loss while also functioning as a device lock, applying a compressive grip on the device or devices to maintain a static position inside a blood vessel or the intermediate or guide catheter. Aspiration sources are typically connected to the side arm or connecting port of the rotating hemostasis valve assembly to provide and/or regulate a vacuum to one or more catheters. A syringe or vacuum pump can be connected to interface with the distal tip of the catheter through the catheter lumen and apply vacuum/aspiration as the clot is being retrieved. The connecting port can also be used for the introduction of a saline flush, injections of radiopaque contrast media, or other products and agents.
The methods and designs of devices in common usage for the capture and retrieval of clots are disclosed in prior art. Methods are disclosed for removing occlusive clots through the steps of providing a clot retrieval device having a clot engaging section with a constrained delivery configuration and an expanded deployed configuration. A microcatheter is advanced from a guide or intermediate catheter towards and across an occlusive clot. The device is loaded into the microcatheter and advanced to the occlusion, where it is deployed to capture the clot. The device and captured clot can then be retrieved in to a retrieval catheter and withdrawn from the vessel.
Various designs have been proposed for physically capturing the clot, and most clot retrieval devices share many common features and geometry. For example, US 2014/0371779, which claims priority to US Provisional 61/785,213 filed on Mar. 14, 2013, discloses an elongated member with an expandable clot engagement element which expands to extend across a clot to be captured. The design has stored potential energy in a folded, delivery configuration and expands to a deployed helical configuration when it exits a delivery microcatheter at the target site adjacent an occlusive clot. The engagement element can have inner and outer expandable members which can create a flow lumen across an occlusion when deployed, while also having a plurality of struts which imbed to provide a strong grip on the clot for the initial step of disengaging the clot from the vessel. To then retrieve the clot, it could be necessary to retract the device and clot proximally into a guide or intermediate catheter with a larger diameter. The device and clot can then either be withdrawn from the patient through the larger catheter or can be drawn back far enough to lodge a firmer clot in the tip or the larger catheter to be withdrawn in tandem. The control member a physician uses for manipulating such devices is often a wire, flexible shaft, or some other inner elongated member.
Other designs, such as a corkscrew-shaped device and constant aspiration models, are also common. One disclosed example involves having a guide catheter and an intermediate catheter with a distal mouth and configured such that it is advanceable within the lumen of the guide catheter. The intermediate catheter is advanced within a vessel to a position adjacent to an occlusive clot, at which point aspiration is applied to the proximal end of the guide catheter. The aspiration is directed through the distal lumen of the intermediate catheter to aspirate the clot into the mouth. The catheters and clot can then be retrieved together from the vasculature.
Regardless of the device used for capture, it is an object of the present invention to provide systems for then cleansing the device during withdrawal from the target site. In one example of the invention, the cleaning instrument is located with a rotating hemostasis valve assembly along the retrieval path and ready to receive the clot retrieval device while it is being withdrawn. The instrument has an opening or entrance passageway sized to receive the device in its deployed configuration. The retrieval path follows that of the delivery microcatheter substantially along the longitudinal centerline of the internal lumen of the hemostasis valve assembly. The retrieval process is accompanied by aspiration from a source connected to a connecting port of the hemostasis valve assembly. The cleaning instrument can be a variety of axial lengths and might or might not make physical contact with the retrieval device. The cleaning instrument can include brushes, fluid sprays, or other mechanisms that are positioned and configured to simultaneously clean around the circumference of the retrieval device as it is drawn along the retrieval path. Manipulation of the device along the removal path through the cleaning instrument is performed by applying a thrust force on the microcatheter and/or the device shaft.
Brush bristles can extend radially from the sidewall of the cleaning instrument, the bristles forming an opening or entrance that is substantially axisymmetric with the longitudinal axis of the rotating hemostasis valve assembly. The opening or entrance can be radially more restrictive than the internal lumen of the hemostasis valve assembly and can extend from the proximal end of the cleaning instrument to the distal end. The bristles can be of various lengths and shapes, and their formed opening can be of a cylindrical, tapered, or other geometry specific to the retrieval device used. In some examples the bristles can be of a simple, homogenous tubular structure. In other examples, depending on the composition of the clot or the shape of the retrieval device being used, it could be advantageous to tailor the flexure properties of the bristles through changes in shape and/or material composition. The bristles can therefore have a composite stiffness which varies three dimensionally along either the axial length of the cleaning instrument, radial length of the bristles from the longitudinal axis, or even radial position around the circumference of the opening.
The cleaning instrument can also be rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the internal lumen of the hemostasis valve assembly. A cleaning instrument disposed within a rotatable hub or collar can facilitate the removal of thrombus material from all angular points around the circumferential area of the device. Cleaning around the circumference could also aid in breaking up large pieces of clot material by varying the direction of the cleaning forces applied by the bristles. Smaller pieces of thrombus material are often more easily removed from the retrieval path through aspiration or filtration to help ensure they are not reintroduced into the vascular. In addition, a rotatable instrument can allow for changes in the density of the bristles, spray sources, or other cleaning elements. Similar to the previous example, device is moved along the removal path through the cleaning instrument by applying a thrust force on the device shaft extending from the distal end of the delivery system in the same way the retrieval device is delivered and removed from the vasculature. The device can be moved upstream and downstream through the cleaning instrument by alternating the direction of the applied force.
A further example apparatus can comprise a delivery system with a rotating hemostasis valve assembly and one or more body cavities separated by branch members disposed between them, allowing the body cavities to share the retrieval path. The branch members can incorporate seals capable of isolating individual body cavities from upstream or downstream fluids and/or pressure differentials. Each body cavity can also have one or more connecting port sharing a flow path with that body cavity, where the connecting ports are sized to receive a fluid injection or an aspiration source. In one example, when the clot retrieval device is withdrawn into a body cavity, heparinized saline or some other fluid can be injected through a first connecting port of the body cavity and used in conjunction with an aspiration source coupled to a second connecting port. Such a configuration can allow for the flushing and cleaning of a device in one or more body cavities independent of the others. Additional cleaning instruments, such as brushes or combs, can also be incorporated into the body cavities or elsewhere along the retrieval path.
Cleaning systems utilizing fluid spays or flushes can also be employed, many of which can have the advantage of not involving physical contact of solid objects with the device. Fluid sprays can be in gaseous or liquid form, or both, and modulated through regulators or throttling to both remove clot material from and sanitize the clot retrieval device prior to subsequent reinsertion into the vascular. The sprays could be delivered, for example, from a system of nozzles. The nozzles could be configured to spray simultaneously, or one or more nozzles could be operable independently of the other nozzles. For example, a system can include a plurality of nozzles disposed on a circumference in an annular pattern around the retrieval axis. The nozzles could be configured inside a housing or enclosure, which could have luer fittings allowing it to be mounted proximal to a hemostasis valve assembly. The enclosure could have a distal mouth situated along the retrieval path, sharing an axis with the longitudinal axis of the hemostasis valve assembly. As the clot retrieval device is drawn through the mouth, the nozzles could spray a fluid on the capture portion. A further advantage of such a system is that cleaning is directed around the entire circumferential area of the retrieval device. Fluid and liberated material debris can either be extracted through a vacuum source, or the cleaning instrument can be supplied with a filter or reservoir should it be desirable to collect the removed material for further laboratory analysis.
In many situations, it can be desirable for the cleaning instrument to be easily removable from the delivery system such that it can more rapidly be cleaned and/or replaced independent of the system. In one example of the invention, the cleaning device can be connected in series with the hemostasis valve assembly using a luer or threaded connection. In other examples of the invention, the removed cleaning instrument can be disposable, eliminating the need to sanitize it between procedures. In still other examples, material liberated from the clot retrieval device can become lodged with the cleaning instrument. Removal of the instrument can allow this material to be collected for further histological laboratory analysis or disposal. Removability also allows the physician the option of selecting and using cleaning devices of multiple configurations during the same procedure, thereby improving the chances of treatment success.
An example method for cleaning a clot retrieval device in preparation for reinsertion into a patient can include some or all of the following steps and variations thereof. The steps are recited in no particular order. A delivery system for a clot retrieval device can have a hemostasis valve assembly with a connecting port, an internal lumen, a rotating device lock, and a cleaning instrument with an opening sized to receive the clot retrieval device can be provided. An aspiration source, often comprising a vacuum pump or syringe, can be provided and connected to the connecting port of the hemostasis valve assembly. A path through the delivery system and vascular to a position proximal an occlusive clot can be provided, and the cleaning instrument can be positioned in the path. The clot retrieval device with a captured clot can be withdrawn along the path.
The cleaning instrument can be utilized to liberate the clot material from the capture portion of the clot retrieval device while the device remains along the path internal to the delivery system. The cleaning instrument can be disposed to clean the entire circumferential area of the capture portion. During the cleaning process, the physician can manipulate the device to allow for repeated exposure of the device to the cleaning instrument, helping ensure the efficacy of the cleaning process. The aspiration source can be utilized to prevent blood reflux and to remove liberated thrombus material from the path. When desirable, the liberated thrombus material can be filtered and collected for further laboratory analysis.
When cleaning is complete, the clot retrieval device can be reinserted into the vascular for additional capture attempts. The cleaning instrument can further be removed from the system for independent cleaning or disposal, either between capture attempts or at the conclusion of the procedure.
Other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
The above and further aspects of this invention are further discussed with the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals indicate like structural elements and features in various figures. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of the invention. The figures depict one or more implementations of the inventive devices, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. It is expected that those of skill in the art can conceive of and combining elements from multiple figures to better suit the needs of the user.
Specific examples of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the Figures, where identical reference numbers indicate elements which are functionally similar or identical. However, the invention is not limited to the examples described, which can be varied in construction and detail. The terms “distal” and “proximal” are used throughout the following description and are meant to refer to a positions and directions relative to a treating physician. As such, “distal” or distally” refer to a position distant to or a direction away from the physician. Similarly, “proximal” or “proximally” refer to a position near to or a direction towards the physician.
In describing example embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning as understood by those skilled in the art and includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more steps of a method does not preclude the presence of additional method steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Steps of a method can be performed in a different order than those described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosed technology. Similarly, it is also to be understood that the mention of one or more components in a device or system does not preclude the presence of additional components or intervening components between those components expressly identified.
As discussed herein, a “patient” or “subject” can be a human or any animal. It should be appreciated that an animal can be a variety of any applicable type, including, but not limited to, mammal, veterinarian animal, livestock animal or pet-type animal, etc. As an example, the animal can be a laboratory animal specifically selected to have certain characteristics similar to a human (e.g., rat, dog, pig, monkey, or the like).
Accessing the various vessels within the vascular, whether they are coronary, pulmonary, or cerebral, involves well-known procedural steps and the use of a number of conventional, commercially-available products. These access products, such as catheters, microcatheters, angiographic materials, and guidewires are widely used in laboratory and medical procedures. When these products are employed in conjunction with the system and methods of this invention in the description below, their function and exact constitution are not described in detail.
The clot retrieval device mentioned throughout this description can be any of a number of commercially available products, and most of those share many common features. Devices which compress the clot upon capture tend to make it firmer, or “stickier”, which can complicate retrieval. Other devices are meant to expand between the clot and the vessel in such a way as to minimize compression while loosening the clot from the vessel wall. No matter how the clot properties evolve after capture, they influence the level of grip the retrieval device can exert and subsequently how they are then liberated from the device during the cleaning process. It is an advantage of this design to allow interaction with the complete circumferential area of the device while offering a high degree of flexibility to the treating physician. The design's ability to allow more rapid follow-up retrieval attempts lessens the potential negative effects of clot properties and other details which can be beyond the physician's power to control.
Deployment of the clot retrieval device 60, as well as the location of the device during retraction and in preparation for and during cleaning, can be aided by the application of a radiopaque compound, or the placement of radiopaque markers 68 on the delivery microcatheter 70, guide catheter, and/or the clot retrieval device. For example, a radiopaque compound could be incorporated on the receptor portion 62, or one or more radiopaque markers 68 could be added near the distal end of the elongate shaft 66 both distal and proximal to the receptor portion to mark for the physician the terminal ends of the device during the procedure. Suitable practices are frequently used in connection with other devices and implants and are well known in the art.
The rotating hemostasis valve assembly 101 defines a longitudinal axis 114 extending along the internal lumen 108 from the proximal end 104 to the distal end 102 of the valve assembly. The rotating device lock 112 of the hemostasis valve assembly 101 can be articulated through closed, semi-open, and/or open conditions of the gasket or seal. When the rotating device lock 112 is in the semi-open position, accessories passing through the hemostasis valve assembly 101, such as a shaft 64 of the clot retrieval device 60, can be retracted or conveyed through a lumen of a delivery microcatheter 70. Care must be taken with the positioning of the gasket. The efficacy of applied aspiration will decline if there is air leakage through the gasket around the shaft 64. However, if the gasket is too tight around the shaft it can inhibit the shaft from being freely and/or properly articulated during a treatment. When in the semi-open condition, the gasket of the rotating device lock 112 provides sufficient sealing to prevent air ingress when a vacuum is applied to a connecting port 110 of the hemostasis valve assembly during aspiration. In one example thrombectomy procedure, a clot retrieval device 60 can capture a clot 40 and be retracted into a guide catheter while the catheter is under vacuum without air leakage through the gasket of the rotating device lock 112.
As seen in the cross-sectional view in
The cleaning instrument shown in the figures is used to illustrate one aspect of the present invention. Of course, the present invention can be applied to a cleaning instrument of any shape or size and could be made from several sections.
Collectively
It can be necessary to use a vacuum source to reverse flow in the vasculature during this retrieval process to prevent the escape and distal passage of and clot fragments liberated during cleaning. This negative pressure differential can be maintained, or even increased, after the material is liberated from the device to further remove the material from the retrieval path and lumen. The vacuum can then be further changed or removed when the clot retrieval device is reintroduced into the vasculature to complete the recanalization of the patient's vessel.
In this configuration, it is even possible for the physician to substitute cleaning instruments mid-procedure if initial cleaning proves unsuccessful or inefficient. A first cleaning instrument could be removed through manipulation of the distal fitting of the hub, and a second cleaning instrument with different characteristics or properties could then be attached to the hemostasis valve assembly.
It is an objective of the invention to eliminate the need for handling of the device or removing it from the delivery system between retrieval attempts, while also maintaining sterility and a high level of cleaning proficiency. Further aggregation and breakup of the clot during cleaning can facilitate its evacuation from the system. There are a number of commonly used methods to clear the cannulas of arterial and intravenous lines, both to sterilize and prevent clotting and blockage, which could be employed to aid in the removal and separation of a clot captured in the clot retrieval device. Flushes such as saline or heparinized saline are often employed. Breaking down the clot can be accomplished through the introduction of fibrinolysis contributors like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), such as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase.
In another case shown in
A bristled cleaning instrument 520 could also be further integrated with the hemostasis valve assembly 501 in this example. Alternately, the cleaning instrument could be disposed within a rotatable hub as seen in the previous system 400 and connected to the system 500. The cleaning instrument could be used in concert with the fluid flush to aid in removing the clot material from the retrieval device.
In a further example, the system 600 shown in
A view internal to the enclosure 680 of system 600 is shown in
The nozzles 726 could be configured to spray 798 simultaneously in a balanced form, or one or more nozzles could be operable independently of the other nozzles. The incident angle of the spray on the capture portion 62 of the retrieval device can be varied from nozzle to nozzle, ranging from nearly perpendicular to the retrieval path, as shown in
The enclosure shown
Fluid and liberated material debris 42 can either be removed through the vacuum source, or the enclosure 680 can further include a collection apparatus 792 with a filter 788 and collection reservoir or basin 790 should it be desirable to collect the removed clot material for further laboratory analysis. The collection apparatus 792 could have threads or some other means of attaching to the enclosure, allowing it to be removed at any point during a mechanical thrombectomy procedure.
Laboratory analysis can include clot analysis such as some or all of a range of steps, without limitation: blood tests, non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scan, including quantitative methods to analyze stroke severity, such as Alberta stroke program early CT score (e.g., ASPECTS), and automatic assessments of ASPECTS using software (e-ASPECTS), considering the patient's clinical history, stroke severity, such as the National Institute of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) clinical exam and/or neurological exam.
The clinical history of the patient can include factors such as whether the patient is aged between 18 years and 85 years; an mRS score of 0 or 1; angiographic confirmation of an occlusion of an internal carotid artery (ICA) (including T or L occlusions), M1 or M2 MCA, VA, or BA with mTICI flow of 0-1; MRI criterion: volume of diffusion restriction visually assessed ≤50 mL.; CT criterion that includes an ASPECTS score of 6 to 10 on baseline CT or CTA-source images, or, volume of significantly lowered. CBV≤50 mL; life expectancy likely less than 6 months; females who were pregnant or breastfeeding; history of severe allergy to contrast medium; known nickel allergy at time of treatment; known current use of cocaine at time of treatment; patient has suffered a stroke in the past 3 months; the patient presents with an NIHSS score <8 or >25 or is physician assessed as being in a clinically relevant uninterrupted coma; the use of warfarin anticoagulation or any Novel Anticoagulant with International Normalized Ratio (INR)>3.0; platelet count <50,000/μL; glucose <50 mg/dL; any known hemorrhagic or coagulation deficiency; unstable renal failure with serum creatinine >3.0 or Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <30; patients who received a direct thrombin inhibitor within the last 48 hours; a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) less than 1.5 times the normal to be eligible; patients with severe hypertension on presentation (SBP >220 mmHg and/or DBP >120 mm Hg); cerebral vasculitis; improving neurological status; clinical symptoms suggestive of bilateral stroke or stroke in multiple territories; ongoing seizure due to stroke; evidence of active systemic infection; cancer with metastases; CT or MRI evidence of recent hemorrhage on presentation; baseline CT or MRI showing mass effect or intracranial tumor (except small meningioma); suspicion of aortic dissection, presumed septic embolus, or suspicion of bacterial endocarditis; stenosis, or any occlusion, in a proximal vessel that requires treatment or prevents access to the site of occlusion; evidence of dissection in the extra or intracranial cerebral arteries; and/or occlusions in multiple vascular territories (e.g., bilateral anterior circulation, or anterior/posterior circulation).
Laboratory analysis can also include CT scanning whereby one normal X-ray and also a second less powerful X-ray are used concurrently to make the images. The two X-rays will generate different spectra using different tube potentials. One approach that uses CT scanning as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 16/001,427, is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if set forth verbatim herein. The use of MRI and/or advanced MR images of the patient's brain to evaluate the clot are also contemplated in connection with the laboratory analysis here. Advanced MR images can include sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging techniques that evaluate freedom of water molecule movement in a selected area, the microvascular integrity and hemodynamic characteristics, and the chemical makeup of the clot. Advanced MR can include perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR spectroscopy, as well as magnetic resonance angiography, and/or magnetic resonance venography.
Laboratory analysis can also include carotid ultrasound, cerebral angiogram, echocardiogram, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Laboratory analysis can also include one or more blood tests as well as a non-contrast and/or contrast CT scan of the patient, including the brain area to look at the structures of the brain and evaluate the clot or clots, particularly since no preparation is required for the patient.
As for analyzing liberated material debris 42 in the fluid reservoir 790 or lodged in the filter 788, analysis can also include spectroscopic techniques such as Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and/or Raman spectroscopy to produce a spectrum that relates to the chemical composition and physical properties of the respective occlusion. In this respect, information contained in the spectral bands can be interpreted to provide almost instant analysis of the nature of the material being tested. In certain embodiments, instrumentation associated with the NIR and/or Raman spectroscopy can be included in a microcatheter associated with the clot retrieval system.
Laboratory analysis can also include scanning fluid and liberated material debris 42 with a catheter having a fiberoptic bundle core connected to a NIR or Raman spectrophotometer. A spectrum of the transmitted light can be generated, and this information can be used to predict the composition of the material that the light was reflected from. For example, chemical information that corresponds to the bulk composition of the clot can be deciphered from light absorptions in the near infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and can be used to measure the relative composition of RBC, water, fibrin, or the like within the clot. Physical information that can be detected in this embodiment can relate to the compactness and organization in the clot resulting from scattering and diffusion of light.
Laboratory analysis can also include determining criteria associated with fluid and liberated material debris 42. For example, a red blood cell count, a white blood cell count, serum level, fibrin level, or the like can be established to classify the clot. A sample of the clot can then undergo visual or tactile analysis to assist in selection of the proper device used for further procedures. An indication of clot composition can be provided that advantageously allows classification of the clot in both qualitative and quantitative terms as follows, including the exclusion of presence of a hemorrhagic stroke. Such information can include cellular constituents, extracellular constituents, morphology, organization and distribution of components, permeability, adhesion, water content, resistance to degradation, fibrin crosslink density, fiber diameter, modulus, strain, deformation (e.g., elastic, plastic, viscoelastic), compressibility, and/or fracture behavior. An example table of such indications is provided herein without limitation and other qualitative and/or quantitative indications are contemplated for use with the herein disclosed embodiments:
The enclosure 680 of system 600 can further comprise an access port 686 for admittance into the interior of the enclosure without removing it from the hemostasis valve assembly. The access port can be any of a variety of shapes and can have a cover that could be hinged or slidable to seal the port when not in use. The access port can allow a physician to perform targeted functions without removing the clot retrieval device from the system 600. For example, obstinate clots can be targeted with methods to further encourage fibrinolysis. As additionally shown in
The system 600 can be designed according to examples and principles disclosed herein and need not be specifically designed or shaped as illustrated in the enclosed figures.
Referring to a method 900 outlined in
In step 950, a path through the delivery system and the patient's vascular to a position proximal to an occlusive clot is defined. A clot retrieval device is used to capture a clot and is retrieved using conventionally known techniques. In step 960, the clot retrieval device is withdrawn with the captured clot along the path. While the device is along the path and internal to the delivery system, in step 970 the cleaning instrument is utilized to liberate the captured clot material from the capture portion of the clot retrieval device.
Referring the method 1000 outlined in
By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” is meant that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named.
It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, other exemplary embodiments include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value.
Some references, which can include various patents, patent applications, and publications, are cited in a reference list and discussed in the disclosure provided herein. The citation and/or discussion of such references is provided merely to clarify the description of the present disclosure and is not an admission that any such reference is “prior art” to any aspects of the present disclosure described herein. In terms of notation, “[n]” corresponds to the nth reference in the list. All references cited and discussed in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and to the same extent as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference.
The descriptions contained herein are examples of embodiments of the invention and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention. While particular examples of the present invention are described, various modifications to devices and methods can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, while the examples described herein refer to particular components, the invention includes other examples utilizing various combinations of components to achieve a described functionality, utilizing alternative materials to achieve a described functionality, combining components from the various examples, combining components from the various example with known components, etc. The invention contemplates substitutions of component parts illustrated herein with other well-known and commercially-available products. To those having ordinary skill in the art to which this invention relates, these modifications are often apparent and are intended to be within the scope of the claims which follow.
The present application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/508,452 filed Jul. 11, 2019. The entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4288882 | Takeuchi | Sep 1981 | A |
| 6391037 | Greenhalgh | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6425916 | Garrison et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 9232992 | Heidner | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9532792 | Galdonik et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9532873 | Kelley | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9533344 | Monetti et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9539011 | Chen et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9539022 | Bowman | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9539122 | Burke et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9539382 | Nelson | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9549830 | Bruszewski et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9554805 | Tompkins et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9561125 | Bowman et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9572982 | Burnes et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9579484 | Barnell | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9585642 | Dinsmoor et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9615832 | Bose et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9615951 | Bennett et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9622753 | Cox | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9636115 | Henry et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9636439 | Chu et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9642675 | Werneth et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9655633 | Leynov et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9655645 | Staunton | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9655989 | Cruise et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9662129 | Galdonik et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9662238 | Dwork et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9662425 | Lilja et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9668898 | Wong | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9675477 | Thompson | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9675782 | Connolly | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9676022 | Ensign et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9692557 | Murphy | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9693852 | Lam et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9700262 | Janik et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9700399 | Acosta-Acevedo | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9717421 | Griswold et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9717500 | Tieu et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9717502 | Teoh et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9724103 | Cruise et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9724526 | Strother et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9750565 | Bloom et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9757260 | Greenan | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9764111 | Gulachenski | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9770251 | Bowman et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9770577 | Li et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9775621 | Tompkins et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9775706 | Peterson et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9775732 | Khenansho | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9788800 | Mayoras, Jr. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9795391 | Saatchi et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9801980 | Karino et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9808599 | Bowman et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9833252 | Sepetka | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9833604 | Lam et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9833625 | Waldhauser et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 10478322 | Bernard et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 20060064151 | Guterman | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20080281350 | Sepetka | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20100324649 | Mattsson | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20120283768 | Cox et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20140135812 | Divino et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140200607 | Sepetka et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371779 | Vale | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150374401 | Guggenheimer et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160067004 | Geddis | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20170007264 | Cruise et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170007265 | Guo et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170020670 | Murray et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170020700 | Bienvenu et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170027640 | Kunis et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170027692 | Bonhoeffer et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170027725 | Argentine | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170035436 | Morita | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170035567 | Duffy | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170042548 | Lam | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170049596 | Schabert | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170071737 | Kelley | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170072452 | Monetti et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079671 | Morero et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079680 | Bowman | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079766 | Wang et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079767 | Leon-Yip | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079812 | Lam et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079817 | Sepetka et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079819 | Pung et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170079820 | Lam et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170086851 | Wallace et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170086996 | Peterson et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170095259 | Tompkins et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170100126 | Bowman et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170100141 | Morero et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170100143 | Granfield | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170100183 | Iaizzo et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170113023 | Steingisser et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170147765 | Mehta | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170151032 | Loisel | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170165062 | Rothstein | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170165065 | Rothstein et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170165454 | Tuohy et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170172581 | Bose et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170172766 | Vong et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170172772 | Khenansho | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170189033 | Sepetka et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170189035 | Porter | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170215902 | Leynov et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170216484 | Cruise et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170224350 | Shimizu et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170224355 | Bowman et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170224467 | Piccagli et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170224511 | Dwork et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170224953 | Tran et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170231749 | Perkins et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170252064 | Staunton | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170265983 | Lam et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281192 | Tieu et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281331 | Perkins et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281344 | Costello | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281909 | Northrop et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170281912 | Melder et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170290593 | Cruise et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170290654 | Sethna | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170296324 | Argentine | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170296325 | Marrocco et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170303939 | Greenhalgh et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170303942 | Greenhalgh et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170303947 | Greenhalgh et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170303948 | Wallace et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170304041 | Argentine | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170304097 | Corwin et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170304595 | Nagasrinivasa et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170312109 | Le | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170312484 | Shipley et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170316561 | Helm et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170319826 | Bowman et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170333228 | Orth et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170333236 | Greenan | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170333678 | Bowman et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170340383 | Bloom et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348014 | Wallace et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348514 | Guyon et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180344427 | Rosenbaum et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 3 253 437 | Aug 2016 | EP |
| 2018093817 | May 2018 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220280184 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16508452 | Jul 2019 | US |
| Child | 17825074 | US |
