Patent Application
20140248206
The present invention relates to a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method for recovering and removing CO2 from an exhaust gas.
Conventionally, in a thermal power plant or the like, for example, fossil fuel such as coal, oil, or LNG is burned in a boiler to generate steam, and power generation is performed by turning a turbine using this steam. Further, in such a thermal power plant or the like, since a large amount of exhaust gas containing CO2, which is one of the greenhouse gases contributing global warming, is exhausted with combustion of the fossil fuel, a facility for treating this exhaust gas, particularly, recovering and removing CO2 from the exhaust gas, is provided.
Further, a system that recovers CO2 (a CO2 recovery apparatus) includes, for example, a quencher (a pre-treatment apparatus) 2 that performs pre-treatment of an exhaust gas 1, an absorber (an absorption apparatus) 4 that brings the exhaust gas treated by the quencher 2 and having a low temperature into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent 3) to absorb and remove CO2 from the exhaust gas 1, and a regenerator (a regeneration apparatus) 6 that separates and recovers CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid (rich solvent 5) having absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4, as shown in
Further, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 after CO2 has been recovered in the regenerator 6 is sent to the absorber 4 and used to absorb and remove CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 again. In other words, this CO2 recovery system is configured to circulate the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 in an absorption liquid circulation path 7 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 and repeat the absorption of CO2 into the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and the recovery of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 to recover and remove CO2 from the exhaust gas 1, which is sequentially supplied.
Here, heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, or cadmium, or harmful substances (impurities) such as selenium or arsenic are contained in a gaseous form (gas) or a fine particle form (solid) according to the quality of coal or the like in an exhaust gas generated with combustion of the coal or the like. Further, when an exhaust gas containing this kind of heavy metal or the like is treated in a CO2 recovery system, many harmful substances in the exhaust gas are removed in the quencher or the like, but particularly, some solid harmful substances may not be removed in the quencher or the like, may be sent to the absorber together with the exhaust gas, and may be dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid.
Further, in the CO2 recovery system of the related art described above, a problem arises in that the harmful substances in the CO2 absorption liquid have a gradually higher concentration since the CO2 absorption liquid is circulated and used between the absorber and the regenerator. Particularly, it was confirmed that selenium has a high concentration in the CO2 absorption liquid. There is a great need for a scheme for removing harmful substances (impurities) including selenium from the CO2 absorption liquid.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a CO2 recovery system includes: a pre-treatment apparatus that cools an exhaust gas; an absorption apparatus that brings a CO2 absorption liquid into contact with the exhaust gas treated by the pre-treatment apparatus so that CO2 in the exhaust gas is absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid; a regeneration apparatus that receives the CO2 absorption liquid having absorbed CO2 from the absorption apparatus and heats the CO2 absorption liquid to separate CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid; an absorption liquid circulation path that circulates the CO2 absorption liquid between the absorption apparatus and the regeneration apparatus; and an impurity removal unit that removes impurities dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid from the exhaust gas and having a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path, in the absorption liquid circulation path and/or in the pre-treatment apparatus in advance.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurities may be substances containing at least one kind of selenium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury, copper, fluorine, and boron.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include an electrostatic precipitator provided in the pre-treatment apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include an impurity removal demister provided in the pre-treatment apparatus and/or the absorption apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the pre-treatment apparatus may include a scrubber, and the impurity removal unit may include an exhaust water treatment apparatus that treats washing water sprayed from the scrubber of the pre-treatment apparatus to remove impurities contained in the washing water.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a filtering apparatus that filters the CO2 absorption liquid supplied from the absorption apparatus to the regeneration apparatus of the absorption liquid circulation path and/or the CO2 absorption liquid supplied from the regeneration apparatus to the absorption apparatus of the absorption liquid circulation path to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the absorption apparatus may include a scrubber, and the impurity removal unit may include a filtering apparatus that filters the washing water sprayed by the scrubber of the absorption apparatus to remove impurities contained in the washing water, and returns the filtered washing water to a washing water circulation path and/or the absorption liquid circulation path of the scrubber of the absorption apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include an ion-exchange apparatus that brings the CO2 absorption liquid supplied from the absorption apparatus to the regeneration apparatus of the absorption liquid circulation path and/or the CO2 absorption liquid supplied from the regeneration apparatus to the absorption apparatus of the absorption liquid circulation path into contact with an ion-exchange resin to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and an ion-exchange apparatus that brings the CO2 absorption liquid of an absorption liquid drawing path that supplies the CO2 absorption liquid from the absorption liquid circulation path to the reclaimer into contact with an ion-exchange resin to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and a coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus that coagulates and sediments the CO2 absorption liquid of an absorption liquid drawing path that supplies the CO2 absorption liquid from the absorption liquid circulation path to the reclaimer, to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus may adjust pH of the CO2 absorption liquid using CO2 separated in the regeneration apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and an incinerator that incinerates concentrated residue generated from the reclaimer, wherein steam may be generated using exhaust heat when the concentrated residue is incinerated in the incinerator, and the steam may be used in the reclaimer and/or the regeneration apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and an ion-exchange apparatus that brings concentrated residue generated from the reclaimer into contact with an ion-exchange resin to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus, and a coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus that coagulates and sediments concentrated residue generated from the reclaimer to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and an electrodialysis treatment apparatus that performs electrodialysis on concentrated residue generated from the reclaimer to remove the impurities.
In the CO2 recovery system, the pre-treatment apparatus may include a scrubber, and acidic treated water generated by treatment in the electrodialysis treatment apparatus of the impurity removal unit may be supplied as cleaning water for acid cleaning of the scrubber of the pre-treatment apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a first reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; and a second reclaimer that heats concentrated residue generated from the first reclaimer, further heats and concentrates the concentrated residue, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus.
In the CO2 recovery system, NaOH may be added to the concentrated residue at the time of treatment in the second reclaimer of the impurity removal unit.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a vacuum reclaiming path disposed by connecting a condenser, a gas and liquid separation apparatus, and a vacuum fan in series with the second reclaimer.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a first reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; a condensate water return path that returns condensate water separated in the first reclaimer to the regeneration apparatus; and a vacuum reclaiming path disposed by connecting a condenser, a gas and liquid separation apparatus, and a vacuum fan in series with the first reclaimer.
In the CO2 recovery system, the impurity removal unit may include a first reclaimer that draws and heats the CO2 absorption liquid of the absorption liquid circulation path, heats and concentrates impurities in the CO2 absorption liquid, and returns condensate water to the regeneration apparatus; an evaporation and concentration apparatus that heats concentrated residue generated from the first reclaimer to generate steam, and heats and concentrates the concentrated residue; and a gas and liquid separation apparatus that separates the steam generated from the evaporation and concentration apparatus into a gas and condensate water, and returns the gas to the pre-treatment apparatus and the condensate water to the absorption apparatus.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a CO2 recovery method includes cooling an exhaust gas by a pre-treatment apparatus; bringing, by an absorption apparatus, the exhaust gas treated by the pre-treatment apparatus into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid so that CO2 in the exhaust gas is absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid; receiving the CO2 absorption liquid treated in the absorption apparatus and heating, by a regeneration apparatus, the CO2 absorption liquid to separate CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid; circulating the CO2 absorption liquid between the absorption apparatus and the regeneration apparatus through an absorption liquid circulation path to perform removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas and recovery of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid; and removing, by an impurity removal unit, impurities dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid and having a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path from the exhaust gas, in the absorption liquid circulation path and/or in the pre-treatment apparatus in advance.
In the CO2 recovery system and the CO2 recovery method described above, it is possible to remove, from the exhaust gas, impurities that are dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid and have a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path, using the impurity removal unit in the absorption liquid circulation path and/or the pre-treatment apparatus in advance even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas and the recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquid between the absorption apparatus and the regeneration apparatus through the absorption liquid circulation path.
Thus, according to the CO2 recovery system and the CO2 recovery method described above, it is possible to prevent harmful substances (impurities) such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid and having a high concentration, unlike the related art.
Further, it is possible to reduce the work and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquid, and maintenance of various apparatuses.
Hereinafter, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
The CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher (a pre-treatment apparatus) 2 that receives an exhaust gas 1 generated by burning coal or the like in a boiler, cools this exhaust gas 1, and removes gasified harmful substances (impurities) such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1; an absorber (an absorption apparatus) 4 that receives the exhaust gas 1 treated by the quencher 2 and brings the exhaust gas 1 into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3 to remove CO2 from the exhaust gas 1; and a regenerator (a regeneration apparatus) 6 that receives and heats the CO2 absorption liquid (rich solvent) 5 having absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and recovers CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, as shown in
Further, in the quencher 2, the exhaust gas 1 from the boiler is introduced into a lower part and circulated from the lower part to an upper part, and the treated exhaust gas 1 is supplied to the absorber 4 through a communication duct 8 connected to the upper part. Further, the quencher 2 includes a washing scrubber (a scrubber) 10. Washing water is sprayed from the upper part to the inside of the quencher 2 in a mist form by a pump, and this washing water and the exhaust gas 1 are brought into contact with each other. Accordingly, gaseous harmful substances or the like in the exhaust gas 1 are dissolved in the washing water and trapped. Further, the washing water W1 having trapped the harmful substances or the like falls to the lower part of the quencher 2 and is accumulated. Further, in the quencher 2, the washing water W1 accumulated in the lower part is pumped up by a pump and sprayed by the washing scrubber, and the exhaust gas 1 is pre-treated while circulating the washing water W1.
Further, a condenser 10a that cools the water sprayed by the washing scrubber 10 is provided. In order to increase efficiency when the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is brought into contact with the exhaust gas 1 to absorb and remove CO2 in the absorber 4 of a subsequent stage, the washing water W1 is cooled by the condenser 10a and the exhaust gas 1 is brought into contact with this washing water W1 so that a temperature of the exhaust gas 1 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. Further, in the quencher 2, a demister 11 is provided above the washing scrubber 10. The exhaust gas 1 treated by the washing scrubber 10 passes through the demister 11, thereby condensate water or the like of the exhaust gas is removed.
In the absorber 4, the exhaust gas 1 pre-treated by the quencher 2 is introduced into a lower part through the communication duct 8, flows from the lower part to an upper part, and is brought into contact with the CO2 absorption liquid 3. Accordingly, CO2 in the exhaust gas is removed, and the exhaust gas 1 from which CO2 has been removed is exhausted as a treated gas from the upper part to the outside.
Further, an absorption liquid scrubber 12 that sprays the CO2 absorption liquid (amine-based CO2 absorption liquid) 3 is provided in the absorber 2 of the present embodiment. The CO2 absorption liquid 3 sprayed from the absorption liquid scrubber 12 and the exhaust gas 1 flowing from the lower part to the upper part are brought into contact with each other. Accordingly, CO2 in the exhaust gas 1 is dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and removed. Further, the CO2 absorption liquid 5 having absorbed CO2 is accumulated in the lower part of the absorber 4.
Here, for example, an amine-based absorption liquid may be adopted as the CO2 absorption liquid. Specifically, an alkanolamine such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, or diglycolamine may be adopted as the CO2 absorption liquid. Further, hindered amines may be adopted. Further, each water solution of the material or a water solution obtained by mixing two or more of the materials may be used as the CO2 absorption liquid.
Further, in the absorber 4, a washing scrubber 13 that sprays the washing water cooled by the condenser and a pump are provided above the absorption liquid scrubber 12. Accordingly, impurities (containing harmful substances) in the exhaust gas 1 which have not been absorbed by the CO2 absorption liquid 3 are trapped and removed by the washing water. Further, a pair of demisters 14 and 15 is provided above the absorption liquid scrubber 12 and below the washing scrubber 13 at intervals in a vertical direction. Condensate water or the like in the exhaust gas 1 is removed by the demisters 14 and 15. Accordingly, a more reliably cleaned exhaust gas 1 is exhausted to the outside.
Further, in the absorber 4, an absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a for supplying the CO2 absorption liquid 5 accumulated in the lower part to the regenerator 6 is connected to the lower part, and a liquid supply pump is provided in the absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a. Further, an absorption liquid supply pipe 7b that supplies the CO2 absorption liquid 3 to the absorption liquid scrubber 12 is connected to the absorber 4. Also, an absorption liquid circulation path 7 through which the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 are circulated is formed of the absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a, the absorption liquid supply pipe 7b, the inside of the absorber 4, and the inside of the regenerator 6.
The regenerator 6 separates and recovers CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 or the like in the absorber 4. The absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a for introducing the CO2 absorption liquid 5 from the absorber 4 is connected to an upper part of the regenerator 6. Also, the CO2 absorption liquid 5 accumulated in the lower part of the absorber 4 is sprayed and supplied from the upper part side to the inside of the regenerator 6 by driving the liquid transportation pump of the absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a.
Further, high temperature steam is supplied from the lower part to the regenerator 6 by the reboiler 16, and the sprayed CO2 absorption liquid 5 is heated. Accordingly, CO2 is dissociated from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 and gasified, and gasified CO2 is led out from the upper part of the regenerator 6 to the outside.
Further, dissociated CO2 is cooled in the condenser 17, compressed in the CO2 compressor 18, and treated. Condensate water generated by treating CO2 in this way is returned to the regenerator 6. Meanwhile, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 from which CO2 has been dissociated and removed is accumulated in the lower part of the regenerator 6, and is sent to the absorber 4 by driving a return pump provided in the absorption liquid supply pipe 7b. Further, in this case, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is cooled in the condenser 7c, supplied to the absorber 4, sprayed from the absorption liquid scrubber 12 to absorb CO2 again, and accumulated in the lower part of the absorber 4.
Meanwhile, harmful impurities (harmful substances) contained in the exhaust gas 1 may not be removed either in the quencher 2 or in the absorber 4 but may be brought into contact with the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid 3. Examples of such impurities include selenium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury, copper, fluorine, and boron. Further, such harmful impurities, particularly selenium, are not removed either in the quencher 2 or in the absorber 4 and are easily dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5. The concentration of the impurities is gradually increased by circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6.
In contrast, in the CO2 recovery system (and the CO2 recovery method) of the present embodiment, an impurity removal unit 20 for removing harmful impurities in the exhaust gas 1 is included. Further, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes a wet electrostatic precipitator 21 embedded above the demister 11 of the quencher 2, i.e., a top part of the quencher 2.
Further, when the electrostatic precipitator 21 is provided in this way, dust (dust containing solid harmful impurities; solid) in the exhaust gas 1 supplied to the quencher 2 is trapped by the electrostatic precipitator 21. Accordingly, the harmful impurities such as solid selenium are removed from the exhaust gas 1 by the electrostatic precipitator 21, and the exhaust gas 1 containing no harmful impurities such as solid selenium or having a reduced content of the harmful impurities is supplied from the quencher 2 to the absorber 4 through the communication duct 8. Accordingly, when the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is brought into contact with the exhaust gas 1, the harmful impurities such as selenium as well as CO2 are not captured and dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5.
Meanwhile, when the electrostatic precipitator 21 is provided in the quencher 2 to trap dust including harmful impurities, harmful materials such as heavy metals are dissolved and contained even in the washing water sprayed by the washing scrubber 10 and accumulated in the lower part of the quencher 2.
Accordingly, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes an exhaust water treatment apparatus 22 that appropriately exhausts the washing water W1 accumulated in the lower part of the quencher 2, and adjusts pH or adds an inorganic coagulant such as ferric chloride or polyferric sulfate or a polymer coagulant such as PAC to coagulate, sediment and treat harmful substances contained in the washing water W1. Further, in this case, it is possible to use the CO2 recovered in the CO2 recovery system A when pH of the washing water W1 of a treatment target is adjusted. Accordingly, the harmful impurities can be recovered from the exhaust gas 1 before the exhaust gas 1 is supplied from the quencher 2 to the absorber 4, and the harmful impurities such as selenium can be prevented from having a high concentration in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5.
Thus, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove, from the exhaust gas 1, the impurities such as selenium dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and having a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path 7 by the electrostatic precipitator 21 or the exhaust water treatment apparatus 22 of the impurity removal unit 20 in the quencher (pre-treatment apparatus) 2 in advance even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and the recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7.
Accordingly, the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment can prevent harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Next, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
The CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher 2 that receives an exhaust gas 1 generated by burning coal or the like in a boiler, cools this exhaust gas 1, and removes impurities such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1, an absorber 4 that receives the exhaust gas 1 treated in the quencher 2 and brings this exhaust gas 1 into contact with the CO2 absorption liquid 3 to remove CO2, and a regenerator 6 that receives the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and recovers CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, similar to the first embodiment, as shown in
Meanwhile, the CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes an impurity removal demister 23 disposed above a washing scrubber 10 of the quencher 2 as an impurity removal unit 20. The impurity removal demister 23 is formed of a wire material of a metal or a plastic in a mesh form (a filter form), and it is preferable to use, for example, a demister by which impurities having an average particle diameter of about 1.0 μm can be trapped according to impurities to be removed. Further, the demister may have a two-layer structure.
Further, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, by including the impurity removal demister 23 in the quencher 2, dust (dust containing solid harmful impurities) in the exhaust gas 1 supplied to the quencher 2 is trapped by the impurity removal demister 23. Further, the impurities trapped by the impurity removal demister 23 fall to the lower part of the quencher 2 together with water drops. Accordingly, the harmful impurities such as selenium are not contained in the exhaust gas 1 supplied from the quencher 2 to the absorber 4 through the communication duct 8 or content thereof is reduced. Thereby, when the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is brought into contact with the exhaust gas 1, the harmful impurities such as selenium as well as CO2 are not captured into the CO2 absorption liquid 3. Or, it becomes difficult for the harmful impurities such as selenium as well as CO2 to be captured.
Further, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes an exhaust water treatment apparatus 22 that appropriately exhausts the washing water W1 accumulated in the lower part of the quencher 2 and coagulates, sediments and treats the harmful substances contained in the washing water W1. Accordingly, the impurities trapped by the impurity removal demister 23, falling to the lower part of the quencher 2 together with water drops and accumulated in the washing water W1 are reliably recovered and removed in the exhaust water treatment apparatus 22.
Thus, even in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove, from the exhaust gas 1, the impurities such as selenium dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and having a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path 7 by the impurity removal demister 23 and the exhaust water treatment apparatus 22 of the impurity removal unit 20, in the quencher 2 in advance, even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7, similar to the first embodiment.
Further, according to the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Next, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
The CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher 2 that cools an exhaust gas 1 and removes impurities such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1, an absorber 4 that brings the exhaust gas 1 treated by the quencher 2 into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid 3 to remove CO2, and a regenerator 6 that receives the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and recovers CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, similar to the first and second embodiments, as shown in
Meanwhile, in the CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment, a filtering apparatus 24 is provided as the impurity removal unit 20 in an absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a of an absorption liquid circulation path 7 that sends the CO2 absorption liquid 5 having absorbed CO2 from the absorber 4 to the regenerator 6. In other words, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, the CO2 absorption liquid (rich solvent) 5 flowing in the absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a is filtered in the filtering apparatus 24 before the CO2 absorption liquid is sent to the regenerator 6.
Accordingly, even when harmful impurities (e.g., dust) are supplied from the quencher 2 to the absorber 4 and the harmful impurities are captured in the CO2 absorption liquid 5, it is possible to trap the impurities and remove the impurities from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 by the filtering apparatus 24 before the impurities are sent to the regenerator 6.
Thus, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove, from the exhaust gas 1, impurities such as selenium dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and having a high concentration in the absorption liquid circulation path 7, by the filtering apparatus 24 of the impurity removal unit 20 in the absorption liquid circulation path 7 even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7.
Accordingly, the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment can prevent harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Next, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
A CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher 2 that cools an exhaust gas 1 and removes impurities such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1, an absorber 4 that brings the exhaust gas 1 treated in the quencher 2 into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid 3 to remove CO2, and a regenerator 6 that receives the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and recovers CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, similar to the first to third embodiments, as shown in
Meanwhile, the CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes an impurity removal demister 25 disposed above a washing scrubber 10 of the quencher 2 as an impurity removal unit 20. The impurity removal demister 25 is formed of a wire material of a metal or a plastic in a mesh form (a filter form), and it is preferable to use, for example, a demister by which impurities having an average particle diameter of about 1.0 μm can be trapped according to impurities to be removed. Further, the demister may have a two-layer structure.
Further, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes a filtering apparatus 26 that filters the washing water sprayed in a washing scrubber 13 of the absorber 4 to remove harmful impurities contained in the washing water and returns the filtered washing water to a washing water circulation path 13a of the washing scrubber 13 of the absorber 4 and (or) an absorption liquid supply pipe 7b of an absorption liquid circulation path 7.
In the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, by including the impurity removal demister 25 above the washing scrubber 13 of the absorber 4, harmful impurities in the exhaust gas 1 supplied to the absorber 4 are trapped by the impurity removal demister 25. Further, the impurities trapped by the impurity removal demister 25 fall together with water drops and are accumulated in the washing water of the washing scrubber 13 of the absorber 4.
Further, since the washing water of the washing scrubber 13 of the absorber 4 is filtered by the filtering apparatus 26, the impurities are recovered and removed. Further, the treated water filtered and cleaned by the filtering apparatus 26 is returned to the washing water circulation path 13a as washing water of the washing scrubber 13. And (or) this treated water is returned to the absorption liquid supply pipe 7b of the absorption liquid circulation path 7 and returned to the absorber 4 as the CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3.
Accordingly, even when harmful impurities (e.g., dust) are supplied from the quencher 2 to the absorber 4 and captured into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, it is possible to trap the impurities in the impurity removal demister 25 and remove the impurities in the filtering apparatus 26.
Thus, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove the impurities in the exhaust gas 1 by the impurity removal demister 25 and the filtering apparatus 26 of the impurity removal unit 20 even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and the recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7.
Accordingly, the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment can prevent harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Next, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
A CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher 2 that cools an exhaust gas 1 and removes impurities such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1, an absorber 4 that brings the exhaust gas 1 treated by the quencher 2 into contact with the CO2 absorption liquid 3 to remove CO2, and a regenerator 6 that receives the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and recovers CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, similar to the first to fourth embodiments as shown in
Here, when SOX or the like is not removed in the quencher 2 but remains in the exhaust gas 1, SOX or the like may react to an alkanolamine contained in the CO2 absorption liquid 5 in the regenerator 6 to generate a thermostable salt or when SOX or the like is brought into contact with the CO2 absorption liquid 3 in the absorber 4, amine may deteriorate due to oxygen to generate a thermostable salt. The thermostable salt may be contained in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5.
In contrast, in the CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment, an absorption liquid drawing path 7d is branched and provided from an absorption liquid supply pipe 7b of an absorption liquid circulation path 7 that supplies CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3 from the regenerator 6 to the absorber 4. Further, the CO2 recovery system A includes, as an impurity removal unit 20, a reclaimer 27 that draws the CO2 absorption liquid 3 from the absorption liquid circulation path 7 through the absorption liquid drawing path 7d, heats the CO2 absorption liquid 3, for example, at 130 to 150° C. using steam, and heats and concentrates impurities remaining in the CO2 absorption liquid 3. When the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is treated in the reclaimer 27, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is separated into concentrated residue 28 and condensate water 29. The condensate water 29 is returned to the regenerator 6 and used as the CO2 absorption liquid 3, and the concentrated residue 28 is exhausted from a waste discharge line to the outside, for example, using a pump, and treated.
Further, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes a first ion-exchange apparatus 30 that treats, using an ion-exchange resin, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 of the absorption liquid circulation path 7 of the absorber 4 side rather than a branch part of the absorption liquid drawing path 7d of the absorption liquid supply pipe 7b. Further, the impurity removal unit 20 includes a second ion-exchange apparatus 31 that treats the CO2 absorption liquid 3 of the absorption liquid drawing path 7d using an ion-exchange resin. For example, the first ion-exchange apparatus 30 and the second ion-exchange apparatus 31 include an anion-based ion-exchange resin.
Further, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, first, it is possible to separate the condensate water 29 and the concentrated residue 28 by drawing the CO2 absorption liquid 3 through the absorption liquid drawing path 7d and treating the CO2 absorption liquid 3 in the reclaimer 27, and to remove harmful impurities and impurities causing the thermostable salt by exhausting the concentrated residue 28 to the outside of the system.
Further, it is possible to effectively trap and remove, particularly, the impurities such as selenium by treating the CO2 absorption liquid 3 in the first ion-exchange apparatus 30 and the second ion-exchange apparatus 31 and by including the anion-based ion-exchange resin in the ion-exchange apparatuses 30 and 31. Further, the ion-exchange resin of the first ion-exchange apparatus 30 and the second ion-exchange apparatus 31 can be used while being appropriately regenerated at an ion-exchange resin regeneration factory. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce an amount of the waste, or it becomes unnecessary to dispose the resin as waste.
Thus, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove the impurities in the exhaust gas 1 by the reclaimer 27, the first ion-exchange apparatus 30, and the second ion-exchange apparatus 31 of the impurity removal unit 20 even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and the recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7.
Accordingly, the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment can prevent harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Further, since an impurity concentration in the reclaimer 27 is lowered by including the second ion-exchange apparatus 31, it is possible to increase a concentrating effect (concentrating magnification) of the reclaimer 27 and to improve efficiency of the reclaiming operation, i.e., increase throughput each time by the reclaimer 27.
Next, a CO2 recovery system and a CO2 recovery method according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
A CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment includes a quencher 2 that cools an exhaust gas 1 and removes impurities such as sulfur compounds in the exhaust gas 1, an absorber 4 that brings the exhaust gas 1 treated by the quencher 2 into contact with a CO2 absorption liquid 3 to remove CO2, and a regenerator 6 that receives the CO2 absorption liquid 5 that has absorbed CO2 in the absorber 4 and separates and removes CO2 absorbed into the CO2 absorption liquid 5, similar to the first to fourth embodiments, as shown in
Meanwhile, in the CO2 recovery system A of the present embodiment, a first absorption liquid drawing path 7d is branched and provided from an absorption liquid supply pipe 7b of an absorption liquid circulation path 7 that supplies CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3 from the regenerator 6 to the absorber 4, similar to the fifth embodiment, as shown in
Further, a second absorption liquid drawing path 7e is branched and provided from an absorption liquid transportation pipe 7a of an absorption liquid circulation path 7 that supplies the CO2 absorption liquid (rich solvent) 5 from the absorber 4 to the regenerator 6. Further, this second absorption liquid drawing path 7e is also connected to the reclaimer 27 to draw the CO2 absorption liquid 5 from the absorption liquid circulation path 7, and the CO2 absorption liquid 5 is heated in the reclaimer 27 to heat and concentrate impurities remaining in the CO2 absorption liquid 5.
Further, the impurity removal unit 20 of the present embodiment includes a coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32 that coagulates and sediments the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 of the first absorption liquid drawing path 7d and/or the second absorption liquid drawing path 7e to remove the impurities.
The coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32 includes, for example, a plurality of treatment tanks such as a pH adjustment tank 32a, a coagulant addition tank 32b, a stirring tank 32c, and a sedimentation tank 32d, as shown in
Further, the treated water treated by the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32 through the first absorption liquid drawing path 7d and the second absorption liquid drawing path 7e is treated by the reclaimer 27, and accordingly, even when the coagulant remains, the coagulant is exhausted as concentrated residue 28 from the reclaimer 27. Further, the CO2 absorption liquid 3 and the CO2 absorption liquid 5 may be drawn through the first absorption liquid drawing path 7d and the second absorption liquid drawing path 7e and supplied to the reclaimer 27 to be separated into the condensate water 29 and the concentrated residue 28, instead of being treated by the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32.
Accordingly, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, first, it is possible to separate the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 into the condensate water 29 and the concentrated residue 28 by drawing the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 through the absorption liquid drawing path 7d and the second absorption liquid drawing path 7e and treating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 in the reclaimer 27, and to remove harmful impurities and impurities causing a thermostable salt by exhausting the concentrated residue 28 to the outside of the system.
Further, it is possible to reliably remove the impurities in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 by treating the drawn CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 in the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32 before the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 are treated in the reclaimer 27.
Thus, in the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment, it is possible to remove the impurities in the exhaust gas 1 by the reclaimer 27 and the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32 of the impurity removal unit 20 even when the removal of CO2 from the exhaust gas 1 and recovery (regeneration) of CO2 from the CO2 absorption liquid 5 are performed while circulating the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 between the absorber 4 and the regenerator 6 through the absorption liquid circulation path 7.
Accordingly, the CO2 recovery system A and the CO2 recovery method of the present embodiment can prevent harmful impurities such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5 and having a high concentration, unlike the related art. Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system A, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquids 3 and 5, and maintenance of various apparatuses (each tower).
Further, since an impurity concentration in the reclaimer 27 is greatly lowered by including the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32, it is possible to increase a concentrating effect (concentrating magnification) of the reclaimer 27 and to improve efficiency of the reclaiming operation, i.e., increase throughput each time by the reclaimer 27.
Further, it is possible to perform the removal of the impurities efficiently and economically using CO2 recovered in the regenerator 6 to adjust pH at the time of treatment in the coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 32.
Here, when the CO2 recovery system A is configured by including the reclaimer 27, the CO2 recovery system A (the impurity recovery unit 20) may not necessarily be configured as in the fifth embodiment and the sixth embodiment.
For example, as shown in
Further, as shown in
Further, a coagulation sedimentation treatment apparatus 37 that coagulates and sediments the concentrated residue 28 generated in the reclaimer 27 may be included as the impurity recovery unit 20, as shown in
Further, an electrodialysis treatment apparatus 38 that performs electrodialysis on the concentrated residue 28 generated in the reclaimer 27 may be included as the impurity recovery unit 20, as shown in
Further, the concentrated residue (reclaimed liquid; sludge) 28 after treatment in the normal first reclaimer 27 shown in
Further, it is possible to further increase an amine recovery amount by causing treatment in the second reclaimer 39 to be vacuum reclaiming. In other words, a vacuum reclaiming path 45 disposed by connecting a condenser 41, a gas and liquid separation apparatus 42, and a blower (a vacuum fan) 43 in series with the second reclaimer 39 is included. In this case, it is possible to further improve energy efficiency when heat recovery is performed using condensate water separated through heating in the second reclaimer 39. Further, it is possible to reduce power of a blower when a gas treated in the second reclaimer 39 and separated in the gas and liquid separation apparatus 42 is supplied to an entrance side of the absorber 2, e.g., a communication duct 8.
Further, as shown in
Specifically, in the first operation manipulation of the reclaimer 27, a CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3 is drawn from the regenerator 6, and the CO2 absorption liquid 3 is heated, for example, at 130 to 150° C. to separate concentrated residue 28 and condensate water 29 from the CO2 absorption liquid 3. The concentrated residue 28 is exhausted from a waste discharge line to the outside using a pump and treated, and the separated condensate water 29 is returned to the regenerator 6.
Next, in the second operation manipulation of the reclaimer 27, a generation amount of Na2CO3 generated by adding NaOH at the time of treatment in the reclaimer 27 and causing CO2 in the CO2 absorption liquid (lean solvent) 3 and a reflux liquid 40 to react to NaOH is reduced to improve an amine recovery effect by NaOH. Further, by reducing the generation amount of Na2CO3, it is possible to minimize elevation of a boiling point and increase a reclaiming throughput. Further, it is possible to further increase an amine recovery amount by causing the treatment in the reclaimer 27 to be vacuum reclaiming. In other words, it is possible to further improve the energy efficiency by performing heat recovery using the condensate water 29 separated by heating the CO2 absorption liquid 3 in the reclaimer 27 as a cooling medium of the condenser. Further, it is possible to reduce power of the blower by supplying the gas treated in the reclaimer 27 and separated in the gas and liquid separation apparatus 42 to an entrance side of the absorber 2.
Further, harmful impurities may be recovered and removed from the CO2 absorption liquid 3 by treating the concentrated residue (reclaimed liquid; sludge) 28 after treatment in the reclaimer 27, in the evaporation and concentration apparatus 44 of the impurity removal unit 20, as shown in
While the first to sixth embodiments of the CO2 recovery system and the CO2 recovery method and embodiments as the modified examples thereof according to the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and may be appropriately modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
According to the CO2 recovery system and the CO2 recovery method described above, it is possible to prevent the harmful substances (impurities) such as selenium from being dissolved in the CO2 absorption liquid and having a high concentration, unlike the related art.
Further, it is possible to reduce the workload and cost required, for example, to treat waste generated accompanying the operation of the CO2 recovery system, exchange of the CO2 absorption liquid, and maintenance of various apparatuses.
