Coated hard alloy blade member

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to coated hard alloy blade members or cutting tools having exceptional steel and cast iron cutting ability for both continuous and interrupted cutting.
2. Background Art
Until now, the use of a coated cemented carbide cutting tool made by using either chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition to apply a coating layer of an average thickness of 0.5-20 .mu.m comprised of either multiple layers or a single layer of one or more of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium oxycarbide, titanium oxycarbonitride, and aluminum oxide (hereafter indicated by TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiCO, TICNO, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) onto a WC-based cemented carbide substrate for cutting steel or cast iron has been widely recognized.
The most important technological advance that led to the wide usage of the above-mentioned coated cemented carbide cutting tool was, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-46347 and Japanese Patent Application No. 51-27171, the development of an exceptionally tough substrate wherein the surface layer of a WC-based cemented carbide substrate included a lot of Co, a binder metal, in comparison with the interior, whereby the fracture resistance of the coated cemented carbide cutting tool rapidly improved.
In addition, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-156303 and Japanese Patent Application No. 54-83745, the confirmation that, by sintering the WC-based cemented carbide containing nitrogen in a denitrifying atmosphere such as a vacuum, the surface layer of the WC-based cemented carbide substrate can be made from WC--Co which does not include a hard dispersed phase having a B-1 type crystal structure, whereby it is possible to cheaply produce WC-based cemented carbide having more Co in its surface layer than in the interior, was also important.
Concerning the advancement of the coating layer, coated cemented carbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (200) orientation and the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 has an .alpha.-type crystal structure such as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 61-231416 and coated cemented carbides having coating layers wherein the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Ti compounds such as TiC, TiN, and TiCN have a strong (220) orientation and the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 has a .kappa.-type crystal structure such as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263 have little variation in the tool life.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 shows that a coated cemented carbide having a coating layer wherein the TiC has a strong (111) orientation and the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is of the .kappa.-type has the features that there is less spalling of the coating layer and has a long life.
However, since the Ti compounds such as TiC of Japanese Patent Application No. 61-231416, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-29263, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2-156663 are coated by the normal CVD method, the crystal structure is in a granular form identical to the coating layers of the past, and the cutting ability was not always satisfactory.
Additionally, Japanese Patent Application No. 50-16171 discloses that coating is possible with the use of organic gas for a portion of the reaction gas, at a relatively low temperature. In this patent, the crystal structure of the coating layer is not described, and furthermore, the crystal structure may have a granular form, or the crystals may grow in one direction (elongated crystals) depending on the coating conditions. Moreover, in the references given in this patent, the coating layer is made up of only TiCN, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is not disclosed. Additionally, this TiCN had a low bonding strength with the substrate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In recent years cutting technology has shown remarkable progress towards unmanned, high speed processes. Therefore, tools which are highly resistant to wear and fracturing are required. Consequently, the present inventors conducted research to develop a coated cemented carbide cutting tool having cutting ability of a higher level.
It was discovered that by coating the surface of a WC-based cemented carbide substrate and a TiCN-based cermet substrate with TiCN having crystals growing in one direction (elongated crystals) as an inner layer, and coating with Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal structure .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha. as an outer layer, remarkable steel and cast iron cutting ability was shown for both continuous cutting and interrupted cutting.
Thus, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordance with the present invention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, the hard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha..

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a coated cemented carbide blade member in accordance with the present invention as taken by a scanning electron microscope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The coated hard alloy blade member or cutting tool in accordance with the present invention will now be described in detail.
As mentioned before, the coated hard alloy blade member in accordance with the present invention comprises a substrate formed of a hard alloy selected from the group consisting of a WC-based cemented carbide and a TiCN-based cermet, and a hard coating deposited on said substrate, the hard coating including an inner layer of TiCN having unilaterally grown crystals of an elongated shape and an outer layer of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a crystal form .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. wherein .kappa.>.alpha..
In order to practicalize the present invention, it is first necessary to coat the substrate with elongated crystal TiCN having high bonding strength. If the conditions are such that, for example, during the coating of the TiCN, the percentages of the respective volumes are: TiCl.sub.4 : 1-10%, CH.sub.3 CN: 0.1-5%, N.sub.2 : 0-35%, H.sub.2 : the rest, the reaction temperature is 800-950 .degree. C., the pressure is 30-500 Torr, and furthermore, the CH.sub.3 CN gas is decreased to 0.01-0.1% at the beginning of the coating as a first coating reaction for 1-120 minutes, then the CH.sub.3 CN gas is increased to 0.1-1% as a second coating reaction, then elongated crystal TiCN having high bonding strength can be obtained. The thickness of the TiCN coating layer should preferably be 1-20 .mu.m. This is because at less than 1 .mu.m the wear resistance worsens, and at more than 20 .mu.m the fracture resistance worsens.
Furthermore, during the coating of the TiCN, if the reaction temperature or the amount of CH.sub.3 CN is increased, the (200) plane component of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the TiCN becomes weaker than the (111) and (220) plane components, the bonding strength with the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the upper layer which has .kappa. as its main form increases, and the wear resistance goes up.
Next, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of .kappa. form or .kappa.+.alpha. form wherein form .kappa.>.alpha. is coated. For coating Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 which has .kappa. as its principal form, the conditions should be such that, for example, the reaction gas is made up of the following volume percentages in the first 1-120 minutes: AlCl.sub.3 : 1-20%, HCl: 1-20% and/or H.sub.2 S: 0.05-5% as needed, and H.sub.2 : the rest, and a first reaction be performed, then afterwards, a second reaction is performed in which AlCl.sub.3 : 1-20%, CO.sub.2 : 0.5-30%, HCl: 1-20% and/or H.sub.2 S: 0.05-5% as needed, and H.sub.2 : the rest, with the conditions of a reaction temperature of 850-1000.degree. C. and pressure of 30-500 Torr.
The thickness of this Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 coating layer should preferably be 0.1-10 .mu.m. At less than 0.1 .mu.m the wear resistance worsens, while at over 10 .mu.m the fracturing resistance worsens.
The combined thickness of the first TiCN layer and the second Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer should preferably be 2-30 .mu.m.
The K ratio of the .kappa.+.alpha. Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of the present invention uses a peak from Cu-.kappa..alpha. X-ray diffraction, and is determined the following equation, wherein if .kappa.>.alpha. then the .kappa. ratio is over 50%.
______________________________________ ##STR1##
______________________________________wherein I.sub..kappa.2.79 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 4-0878 with a plane index spacing of d = 2.79 I.sub..kappa.1.43 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 4-0878 with a plane index spacing of d = 1.43 I.sub..alpha.2.085 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 10-173 with a plane index spacing of d = 2.085 (the (113) plane) I.sub..alpha.1.601 : The height of the X-ray diffraction peak for ASTM No. 10-173 with a plane index spacing of d = 1.601 (the (116)______________________________________ plane)
As further modified embodiments of the present invention, the following are included.
(1) As an outermost layer, either one or both of TiN or TiCN may be coated on the outer Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer. The reason for this coating layer is to discriminate between areas of use, and a thickness of 0.1-2 .mu.m is preferable.
(2) As an innermost layer, either one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN (granular form) may be coated underneath the inner TiCN layer. By coating with this innermost layer, the bonding strength of the elongated crystal TiCN improves and the wear resistance improves. The most preferable thickness for this coating is 0.1-5 .mu.m.
(3) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer, either one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN (granular form) may be coated as a first intermediate layer. This first intermediate layer improves the wear resistance during low speed cutting. However, during high speed cutting, it worsens the wear resistance. The most preferable thickness for this first intermediate layer is 1-7 .mu.m.
(4) Between the inner TiCN layer and the outer Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer, either one or both of TiCO, TiCNO is coated as a second intermediate layer. This second intermediate layer increases the bonding strength between the elongated crystal TiCN and the .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. form Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The most preferable thickness of this second intermediate layer is 0.1-2.mu.m.
(5) It is possible to combine the above-mentioned (1)-(4) as appropriate.
(6) The inner layer coated with elongated crystal TiCN may be divided by one or more TiN layers to define a divided TiCN layer. This divided TiCN layer is less susceptible to chipping, and the fracture resistance improves.
(7) With the divided elongated TiCN described above and the .kappa. or .kappa.+.alpha. form Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, it is possible to coat with an outermost layer of one or both of TiN or TiCN as in (1) above, coat with an innermost layer of one or more of TiN, TiC, or TiCN as in (2) above, coat with a first intermediate layer of one or more of TiC, TiN, or TiCN as in (3) above, coat with a second intermediate layer of one or both of TiCO or TiCNO as in (4) above, or to take a combination of them.
(8) The most preferable composition of the WC-based cemented carbide substrate is, by the percentage of weight, as follows:
______________________________________Co: 4-12% Ti: 0-7% Ta: 0-7%Nb: 0-4% Cr: 0-2%N: 0-1% W and C: the rest______________________________________
Unavoidable impurities such as O, Fe, Ni, and Mo are also included.
(9) For the WC-based cemented carbide of the present invention, for lathe turning of steel, it is preferable that the cemented carbide be such that the amount of Co or Co+Cr in the surface portion (the highest value from the surface to within 100 .mu.m) be 1.5 to 5 times the amount in the interior (1 mm from the surface), and for lathe turning of cast iron, it is preferable that there is no enrichment of the Co or Co+Cr, and that the amount of Co or Co+Cr be small. Furthermore, in the case of steel milling, cemented carbide in which there has been no enrichment of the Co or Co+Cr, and the amount of Co or Co+Cr is large, is preferable.
(10) The most preferable composition of the TiCN-based cermet substrate is, by the percentage of weight, as follows:
______________________________________Co: 2-14% Ni: 2-12% Ta: 2-20%Nb: 0.1-10% W: 5-30% Mo: 5-20%N: 2-8% Ti and C: the restCr, V, Zr, Hf: 0-5%______________________________________
Unavoidable impurities such as O and Fe are included.
(11) In the TiCN-based cermet of the present invention, the substrate surface layer (the largest value within 100 .mu.m of the surface) should be 5% or more harder than the interior (1 mm from the surface) or there should be no difference between the hardnesses of the surface layer and the interior.
The present invention will be explained in more detail by way of the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1
As the raw materials, medium grain WC powder having an average particle size of 3 .mu.m, 5 .mu.m coarse grain WC powder, 1.5 .mu.m (Ti, W)C (by weight ratio, TiC/WC=30/70) powder, 1.2 .mu.m (Ti, W)(C, N) (TiC/TiN/WC=24/20/56) powder, 1.5 .mu.m Ti(C, N) (TiC/TiN=50/50) powder, 1.6 .mu.m (Ta, Nb)C (TaC/NbC=90/10) powder, 1.8 .mu.m TaC powder, 1.1 .mu.m Mo.sub.2 C powder, 1.7 .mu.m ZrC powder, 1.8 .mu.m Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 powder, 2.0 .mu.m Ni powder, 2.2 .mu.m NiAl (Al: 31% by weight) powder, and 1.2 .mu.m Co powder were prepared, then these raw material powders were blended in the compositions shown in Table 1 and wet-mixed in a ball mill for 72 hours. After drying, they were press-shaped into green compacts of the form of ISO CNMG 120408 (cemented carbide substrates A-D, cermet substrates F-G) and SEEN 42 AFTN 1 (cemented carbide substrates E and E'), then these green compacts were sintered under the conditions described in Table 1, thus resulting in the production of cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F-G.
Experimental values taken at over 1 mm from the surface of the sintered compacts of the cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and the cermet substrates F-G are as shown in Table 2.
Furthermore, in the case of the above cemented carbide substrate B, after maintenance in an atmosphere of CH.sub.4 gas at 100 torr and a temperature of 1400.degree. C. for 1 hour, a gradually cooling carburizing procedure was run, then, by removing the carbon and Co attached to the substrate surface using acid and barrel polishing, a Co-rich region 40 .mu.m deep was formed in the substrate surface layer wherein, at a position 10 .mu.m from the surface the maximum Co content was 15% by weight.
Additionally, in the case of cemented carbide substrates A and D above, while sintered, a Co-rich region 20 .mu.m deep was formed wherein, at a position 15 .mu.m from the surface, the maximum Co content was 1 1% and 9% by weight, respectively, and in the remaining cemented carbide substrates C, E and E', no Co-rich region was formed, and they had similar compositions over their entirety.
In the above cermet substrates F and G, in the sintered state, a surface layer harder than the interior existed. The hardnesses at the surface and 1 mm below the surface for the cermet substrates F and G are shown in Table 2.
Next, after honing the surfaces of the cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G, by forming coating layers under the special coating conditions shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) and having the compositions, crystal structures, orientation of TiCN (shown, starting from the left, in the order of the intensity of the corresponding X-ray diffraction peak) and average thicknesses shown in Table 4 by using a chemical vapor deposition apparatus, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 1-12 and 15-26, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 13, 14, 27, and 28, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 1-12 and 15-26, and the coated cermet cutting tools 13, 14, 27, and 28 of the prior art were produced.
Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 1-10 and 15-24, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 1-10 and 15-24, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 270 m/minFeed: 0.25 mm/revDepth of Cut: 2 mmCutting Time: 30 min______________________________________
in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to tears made in the workpiece because of chipping of the cutting blade or spalling of the coating layer. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 250 m/minFeed: 0.25 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to trouble such as fracturing or chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.
For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 11, 12, 25 and 26, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 11, 12, 25 and 26, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel square blockCutting Speed: 250 m/minFeed: 0.35 mm/toothDepth of Cut: 2.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
in which a determination was made whether or not the milling failed due to trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.
For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 13, 14, 27 and 28, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 13, 14, 27 and 28, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 320 m/minFeed: 0.25 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to chipping or fracturing of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 300 m/minFeed: 0.20 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
in which a determination was made whether or not the cutting failed due to trouble such as chipping of the cutting blade. Then, for those which were able to cut for the set period of time, the amount of flank wear was measured.
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 4-7. As is able to be seen from Tables 4-7, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.
EXAMPLE 2
Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 8 and 9, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 29-40, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 41 and 42, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 29-40, and the coated cermet cutting tools 41 and 42 of the prior art were produced.
Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 29-38, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 29-38, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 250 m/minFeed: 0.27 mm/revDepth of Cut: 2 mmCutting Time: 30 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 230 m/minFeed: 0.27 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 39 and 40, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 39 and 40, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel square blockCutting Speed: 230 m/minFeed: 0.37 mm/toothDepth of Cut: 2.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 41 and 42, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 41 and 42, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 300 m/minFeed: 0.27 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 280 m/minFeed: 0.22 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b). As is able to be seen from Tables 8, 9(a) and 9(b), all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.
EXAMPLE 3
Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thickness shown in Tables 10-13, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 43-54 and 57-68, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 55,56, 69 and 70, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 43-54 and 57-68, and the coated cermet cutting tools 55, 56, 69 and 70 of the prior art were produced. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the surface layer of the coated cemented carbide cutting tool of the present invention as taken by a scanning electron microscope.
Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 43-52 and 57-66, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 43-52 and 57-66, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 280 m/minFeed: 0.23 mm/revDepth of Cut: 2 mmCutting Time: 30 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 260 m/minFeed: 0.23 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 53, 54, 67 and 68, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 53, 54, 67 and 68, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel square blockCutting Speed: 260 m/minFeed: 0.33 mm/toothDepth of Cut: 2.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 55, 56, 69 and 70, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 55, 56, 69 and 70, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 330 m/minFeed: 0.23 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 310 m/minFeed: 0.18 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 10-13. As is able to be seen from Tables 10-13, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.
EXAMPLE 4
Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 14-17, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 71-82 and 85-96, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 83, 84, 97 and 98, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 71-82 and 85-96, and the coated cermet cutting tools 83, 84, 97 and 98 of the prior art were produced.
Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 71-80 and 85-94, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 71-80 and 85-94, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 260 m/minFeed: 0.26 mm/revDepth of Cut: 2 mmCutting Time: 30 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 240 m/minFeed: 0.26 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 81, 82, 95 and 96, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 81, 82, 95 and 96, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel square blockCutting Speed: 240 m/minFeed: 0.36 mm/toothDepth of Cut: 2.5 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 83, 84, 97 and 98, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 83, 84, 97 and 98, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 310 m/minFeed: 0.26 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 290 m/minFeed: 0.21 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 14-17. As is able to be seen from Tables 14-17, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.
EXAMPLE 5
Using the same cemented carbide substrates A-E, E' and cermet substrates F and G as Example 1, under the same coating conditions as shown in Tables 3(a) and 3(b) in Example 1, by forming coating layers of the composition, crystal structures, and average thicknesses shown in Tables 18-21, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 99-112 and 122-126, the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 113-121, the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 99-112 and 122-126, and the coated cermet cutting tools 113-121 of the prior art were produced.
Then, for the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 99-112, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 99-112, a mild steel high-feed continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 210 m/minFeed: 0.38 mm/revDepth of Cut: 2 mmCutting Time: 30 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, a deep cut interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 210 m/minFeed: 0.23 mm/revDepth of Cut: 4 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the present invention 122-126, and the coated cemented carbide cutting tools of the prior art 122-126, a mild steel milling test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel square blockCutting Speed: 260 m/minFeed: 0.33 mm/toothDepth of Cut: 3 mmCutting Time: 40 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
For the coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention 113-121, and the coated cermet cutting tools of the prior art 113-121, a mild steel continuous cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round barCutting Speed: 340 m/minFeed: 0.22 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made. Furthermore, an interrupted cutting test was performed under the following conditions,
______________________________________Workpiece: mild steel round bar with grooveCutting Speed: 320 m/minFeed: 0.17 mm/revDepth of Cut: 1 mmCutting Time: 20 min______________________________________
and an appraisal identical to that of Example 1 was made.
The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 18-21. As is able to be seen from Tables 18-21, all of the coated cemented carbide cutting tools and coated cermet cutting tools of the present invention demonstrate the properties that it is difficult to fracture or chip the cutting blades and spalling of the coating layers is rare, in addition to exhibiting superior wear and fracture resistance.
Finally, the present applications claims the priorities of Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 6-141100, 6-141101, 6-141122 and 6-141123 filed May 31, 1994, Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 6-156842, 6-156843, 6-156844 and 6-156845 filed Jun. 15, 1994, and Japanese Patent Application (No. is not fixed yet) filed Sep. 19, 1994, which are all incorporated herein by reference.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Sintering ConditionsBlend Composition (% by weight) Temperature HoldingType Co (Ti, W)C (Ti, W)CN (Ta, Nb)C Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2 WC Pressure (.degree.C.) Time (hours)__________________________________________________________________________CementedCarbideSubstrateA 6 -- 6 4 -- Balance Vacuum 1380 1 (medium grain) (0.10 torr)B 5 5 -- 5 -- Balance Vacuum 1450 1 (medium grain) (0.05 torr)C 9 8 -- 5 -- Balance Vacuum 1380 1.5 (medium grain) (0.05 torr)D 5 -- 5 3 -- Balance Vacuum 1410 1 (medium grain) (0.05 torr)E 10 -- -- 2 -- Balance Vacuum 1380 1 (coarse grain) (0.05 torr)E 10 -- -- -- 0.7 Balance Vacuum 1360 1 (coarse grain) (0.05 torr)CermetSubstrateF 30.2 TiC-23 TiN-10 TaC-13 WC-10 Mo.sub.2 C-0.5 ZrC-8 Vacuum 1500 1.5 5 Ni-0.3 NiAl (0.10 torr)G 57 TiCN-10 TaC-1 NbC-9 WC-9 Mo.sub.2 C-7 Co-7 Ni N.sub.2 Atmosphere 1520 1.5 (10 torr)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Hardness Interior SurfaceComposition of Sintered Body (% by weight) (HRA) (HRA)__________________________________________________________________________CementedCarbideSubstrateA 6.1 Co-2.1 Ti-3.4 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C) 90.5 --B 5.2 Co-1.2 Ti-4.2 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C) 91.0 --C 9.0 Co-1.9 Ti-4.3 Ta-0.4 Nb-Rest (W + C) 90.3 --D 5.2 Co-1.7 Ti-2.5 Ta-0.3 Nb-Rest (W + C) 91.1 --E 9.8 Co-1.7 Ta-0.2 Nb-Rest (W + C) 89.7 --E 9.8 Co-0.6 Cr-Rest (W + C) 89.8 --CermetSubstrateF 9.4 Ta-12.2 W-9.4 Mo-0.4 Zr-7.9 Co-5.1 Ni-0.1 Al-3.8 91.7 92.2 Rest (Ti + C)G 9.5 Ta-0.9 Nb-8.5 W-8.5 Ho-7.1 Co-7.0 Ni-6.8 N-Rest (Ti 91.6 92.6__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3(a)__________________________________________________________________________[Coating Conditions] X-ray Temperature PressureComposition Orientation Gas Composition (% by volume) (.degree.C.) (Torr)__________________________________________________________________________Innermost TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 50LayerGranular TiCInnermost TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest 920 50LayerGranularTiNInnermost TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 50LayerGranularTiCNInner Layer (111) (220) (200) First Reaction- 860 50Elongated TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestTiCN Second Reaction- TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestInner Layer (220) (111) (200) First Reaction- 900 50Elongated TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestTiCN Second Reaction- TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.6, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestInner Layer (111) (200) (220) First Reaction- 860 50Elongated TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestTiCN Second Reaction- TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestInner Layer (220) (200) (111) First Reaction- 900 50Elongated TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.05, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestTiCN Second Reaction- TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.3 CN:0.3, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :RestInner Layer (111) (200) (220) TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :6, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest 1050 500GranularTiCNInner Layer (220) (200) (111) TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest 1050 500GranularTiCNInner Layer (200) (220) (111) TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :2, H.sub.2 :Rest 1000 100GranularTiCNDivided TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest 900 200LayerGranularTiNDivided TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :25, H.sub.2 :Rest 860 200LayerGranularTiNFirst TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :5, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 50IntermediateLayerGranular TiCFirstIntermediate TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 50LayerGranularTiCNSecondIntermediate TiCl.sub.4 :4, CO:6. H.sub.2 :Rest 960 50LayerGranularTiCOSecond TiCl.sub.4 :4, CH.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :1.5, 1000ub.2 :0.5, 50Intermediate H.sub.2 :RestLayerGranularTiCNO__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3(b)__________________________________________________________________________ X-ray Temperature PressureComposition Orientation Gas Composition (% capacity) (.degree.C.) (Torr)__________________________________________________________________________Outer Layer 100%.kappa. First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest 970 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 S:0.3, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 94%.kappa. First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest 970 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :5%, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 85%.kappa. First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest 980 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 73%.kappa. First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest 980 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :6%, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 62%.kappa. First Reaction-AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest 990 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :7%, H.sub.2 S:0.2, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 55%.kappa. First Reaction- 1000 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 :Rest Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :8%, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 40%.kappa. First Reaction- 1010 50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 AlCl.sub.3 :3%, H.sub.2 S:0.05, H.sub.2 :Rest Second Reaction- AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :9%, H.sub.2 S:0.1, H.sub.2 :RestOuter Layer 100%.alpha. AlCl.sub.3 :3%, CO.sub.2 :10%, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 100Al.sub.2 O.sub.3Outermost TiCl.sub.4 :2, N.sub.2 :30, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 200LayerGranular TiNOutermost TiCl.sub.4 :2, CH.sub.4 :4, N.sub.2 :20, H.sub.2 :Rest 1020 200LayerGranular TiN__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Inner Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Orientation Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementingCarbideCuttingof theInvention1 A TiCN(8.4) Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2) .kappa.:94% TiN(0.5) Granular 0.17 0.26 Growth2 A TiCN(5.5) Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.2) .kappa.:85% 0.19 0.28 Growth3 A TiCN(11.4) Elongated (111)(220)(200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.8) .kappa.:100% TiCN- Granular 0.19 0.31 Growth TiN(0.7)4 B TiCN(8.2) Elongated (111)(200)(220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.1) .kappa.:100% TiN(0.4) Granular 0.17 0.31 Growth5 B TiCN(5.1) Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2) .kappa.:73% 0.21 0.26 Growth6 C TiCN(10.2) Elongated (220)(111)(200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.2) .kappa.:55% TiN(0.3) Granular 0.22 0.31 Growth7 C TiCN(5.4) Elongated (220)(200)(111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9) .kappa.:62% TiN(0.6) Granular 0.26 0.34 Growth8 D TiCN(6.4) Elongated (111)(220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.7) .kappa.:73% TiN(0.2) Granular 0.16 0.26 Growth9 D TiCN(3.7) Elongated (220)(111)(200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (8.2) .kappa.:62% 0.17 0.30 Growth10 D TiCN(7.9) Elongated (111)(220)(200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.5) .kappa.:100% 0.18 0.26 Growth11 E TiCN(4.2) Elongated (220)(111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.5) .kappa.:100% 0.17 (Milling) Growth12 .sup. E' TiCN(4.0) Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4) .kappa.:94% TiN(0.3) Granular 0.19 (Milling) Growth13 F TiCN(4.6) Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4) .kappa.:100% TiN(0.4) Granular 0.16 0.29 Growth14 G TiCN(3.2) Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.8) .kappa.:94% TiN(0.2) Granular 0.16 0.27 Growth__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Inner Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Orientation Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementingCarbideCuttingTools ofPrior Art1 A TiCN(8.5) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.0) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.5) Granular 0.47 0.60 (Chipping) (Chipping)2 A TiCN(5.4) Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.0) .alpha.:100% 0.52 0.56 (Chipping) (Chipping)3 A TiCN(11.3) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.9) .kappa.:40% TiCN- Granular 0.52 0.65 TiN(0.8) (Chipping) (Chipping)4 B TiCN(8.1) Granular (200) (220) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.2) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.3) Granular Failure Failure 12.8 7.5 min. due due to to Layer Layer Separation Separation5 B TiCN(4.9) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.2) .alpha.:100% Failure Failure 10.7 5.3 min. due due to to Layer Layer Separation Separation6 C TiCN(10.3) Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.4) Granular Failure Failure 5.6 min. 0.8 min. due to due to Layer Fracturing Separation7 C TiCN(5.5) Granular (200) (220) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (1.1) .kappa.:40% TiN(0.5) Granular Failure Failure 10.4 3.2 min. due due to to Layer Fracturing Separation8 D TiCN(6.5) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (5.6) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.3) Granular Failure Failure 17.1 7.9 min. due due to to Chipping Chipping9 D TiCN(3.8) Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (6.4) .kappa.:40% Failure Failure 15.4 5.2 min. due due to to Chipping Chipping10 D TiCN(7.7) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (2.4) .alpha.:100% Failure Failure 13.6 7.0 min. due due to to Chipping Chipping11 E TiCN(4.1) Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.6) .alpha.:100% Failure after 20.8 min. due to Chipping (Milling)12 E' TiCN(3.9) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.3) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.2) Granular Failure after 17.7 min. due to Layer Separation (Milling)13 F TiCN(4.4) Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.4) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.4) Granular Failure Failure 1.0 min. 0.1 min. due to due to Chipping Fracturing14 G TiCN(3.3) Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (0.9) .alpha.:100% TiN(0.3) Granular Failure Failure 2.8 min. 0.2 min. due to due to Chipping Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________ Flank Wear Hard Coating Layer (mm) Innermost Layer Inner Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Con- Inter- Substrate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal tinuous ruptedType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools oftheInvention15 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:94% TiN Granular 0.13 0 (0.9) (8.2) Growth (2.1) (0.8)16 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:85% 0.15 0 (0.5) (5.5) Growth (6.1)17 A TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (200) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:100% TiCN- Granular 0.18 0 (0.8) (11.2) Growth (1.9) TiN (0.8)16 B TiC- Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:100% TiN Granular 0.16 0 TiN (6.3) Growth (2.0) (0.5) (1.5)19 B TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:73% 0.17 0 (1.5) (4.8) Growth (5.5)20 C TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:55% TiN Granular 0.17 0 (0.1) (10.2) Growth (1.2) (0.3)21 C TiC Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:62% TiN Granular 0.20 0 (0.4) (5.5) Growth (1.0) (0.5)22 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:73% 0.13 0 (0.6) (6.5) Growth (5.3)23 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:62% 0.16 0 (1.2) (3.9) Growth (8.1)24 D TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:100% 0.17 0 (0.6) (7.8) Growth (2.4)25 E TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:100% 0.13 (Mil- (0.3) (4.0) Growth (0.6) ling26 E TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:94% TiN Granular 0.15 (Mil- (0.3) (3.5) Growth (0.4) (0.3) ling27 F TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:100% TiN Granular 0.15 0.28 (0.7) (4.5) Growth (0.3) (0.4)28 G TiN- Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:94% TiN Granular 0.14 0.27 TiCN (3.1) Growth (0.7) (0.2) (0.9)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7 (a)__________________________________________________________________________ Flank Wear Hard Coating Layer (mm) Innermost Layer Inner Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Con- Inter- Substrate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal tinuous ruptedType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools oftheInvention15 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular 0.39 0.53 (1.0) (8.1) (2.0) (0.8) (Chipping) (Chip- ping)16 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% 0.43 0.50 (0.5) (5.3) (6.0) (Chipping) (Chip- ping)17 A TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:40% TiCN- Granular 0.51 0.58 (0.7) (11.4) (2.1) TiN (Chipping) (Chip- (0.7) ping)18 B TiC- Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular Failure Failure TiN (8.4) (1.9) (0.4) after after 8.1 (1.4) min. min. to due to Layer Layer Separation Separa- tion19 B TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% Failure Failure (1.8) (4.2) (4.9) after after 7.5 min. min. to due to Layer Layer Separation Separa- tion20 C TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.1) (10.0) (1.1) (0.3) after 8.7 after 1.7 min. min. to due to Layer Fractur- Separation ing21 C TiC Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:40% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.5) (5.4) (0.9) (0.5) after 10.8 after 3.7 min. min. to due to Layer Fractur- Separation ing22 D TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 CL:100% Failure Failure (0.4) (6.7) (5.0) after after min. 10.1 to due to Chipping Chip- ping23 D TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.:40% Failure Failure (1.1) (3.8) (8.2) after after 5.8 min. min. to due to Chipping Chip- ping24 D TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% Failure Failure (0.5) (7.6) (2.5) after after 7.6 min. min. to due to Chipping Chip- ping__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7 (b)__________________________________________________________________________ Flank Wear Hard Coating Layer (mm) Innermost Layer Inner Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Con- Inter- Substrate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal tinuous ruptedType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools ofPrior Art25 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% Failure after 26.7 (0.3) (3.9) (0.6) min. due to Chipping (Milling)26 E' TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular Failure after 23.3 (0.3) (3.4) (0.4) (0.3) min. due to Layer Separation (Milling)27 F TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.6) (4.4) (0.4) (0.4) after 1.2 after 0.1 min. min. to due to Chipping Fractur- ing28 G TiN- Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Granular Failure Failure TiCN (3.2) (0.8) (0.3) after 3.0 after 0.2 (1.0) min. min. to due to Chipping Fracture__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Intermediate Flank WearSub- Innermost Layer Layer Outer Layer Outermost (mm)rstrate Crystal Inner Layer Crystal Crystal Crystal Conti- Inter- Sym- Compo- Struc- Compo- Crystal Orienta- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- nuous ruptedType bol sition ture sition Structure tion sition ture sition ture sition ture Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools oftheInvention29 A TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.15 0.19 (0.9) ular (6.5) Growth (200) (3.0) ular (2.5) (0.2) ular30 A TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.18 0.18 (0.5) ular (3.0) Growth (200) (2.4) ular (6.0)31 A TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN- Gran- 0.18 0.29 (9.3) Growth (200) (2.3) ular (2.1) TiN ular (0.8)32 B TiC- Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Gran 0.15 0.28 TiN ular (4.5) Growth (220) (3.9) ular (1.7) (0.2) ular (1.1)33 B TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.19 0.20 (1.6) ular (4.9) Growth (200) (1.0) ular (4.0)34 C TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% TiN Gran- 0.25 0.25 (0.1) ular (6.8) Growth (200) (3.2) ular (1.2) (0.3) ular35 C TiC Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(200) TiN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Gran- 0.25 0.25 (0.7) ular (3.3) Growth (111) (1.9) ular (0.9) (0.3) ular36 D TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.15 0.20 (0.6) ular (3.6) Growth (200) (2.8) ular (5.2)37 D TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.16 0.27 (2.6) Growth (1.0) ular (8.0)38 D TiCN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.16 0.24 (0.4) ular (5.6) Growth (200) (2.3) ular (2.7)39 E TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.15 (Mill- (0.3) ular (2.5) Growth (200) (1.5) ular (0.5) ing)40 E' TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.14 (Mill- (2.7) Growth (200) (1.6) ular (0.3) (0.2) ular ing)41 F TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Gran- 0.16 0.26 (3.5) Growth (200) (1.3) ular (0.4) (0.2) ular42 G TiN- Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.14 0.24 TiCN ular (1.7) Growth (200) (1.0) ular (0.6) (0.3) ular (1.0)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 9 (a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Intermediate Flank WearSub- Innermost Layer Layer Outer Layer Outermost (mm)rstrate Crystal Inner Layer Crystal Crystal Crystal Conti- Inter- Sym- Compo- Struc- Compo- Crystal Orienta- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- nuous ruptedType bol sition ture sition Structure tion sition ture sition ture sition ture Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools ofPrior Art29 A TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- 0.43 0.54 (1.0) ular (9.3) ular (220) (2.5) ular (2.5) (0.2) ular (Chip- (Chip- ping) ping)30 A TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (220)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.50 0.53 (0.5) ular (3.1) ular (111) (2.1) ular (5.6) (Chip- (Chip- ping) ping)31 A TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN- Gran- 0.50 0.48 (9.5) ular (220) (2.1) ular (2.1) TiN ular (Chip- (Chip- (0.6) ping) ping)32 B TiC- Gran- TiCN Gran- (200)(220) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- Failure Failure TiN ular (4.7) ular (111) (4.0) ular (1.8) (0.2) ular after after 8.8 (1.2) 13.9 min. min. due to due Layer Layer Separa- Separa- tion tion33 B TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (1.7) ular (4.8) ular (220) (1.2) ular (3.9) after after 6.2 11.1 min. min. due to due Layer Layer Separa- Separa- tion tion34 C TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (220)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- Failure Failure (0.1) ular (5.8) ular (111) (2.5) ular (1.1) (0.3) ular after after 1.4 min. min. due due to Layer Frac- Separa- turing tion35 C TiC Gran- TiCN Gran- (200)(220) TiN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Gran- Failure Failure (0.6) ular (3.2) ular (111) (1.8) ular (1.0) (0.4) ular after after 4.1 11.6 min. min. due to due Frac- Layer turing Separa- tion36 D TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (0.4) ular (3.5) ular (220) (2.9) ular (4.8) after after 9.2 18.5 min. min. due to due Chip- Chip- ping ping37 D TiCN Gran- (220)(200) TiCN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure Failure (2.7) ular (111) (1.1) ular (8.1) after after 6.4 16.8 min. min. due to due Chip- Chip- ping ping38 D TiCN Gran- TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (0.5) ular (5.7) ular (220) (2.5) ular (2.7) after after 8.2 14.7 min. min. due to due Chip- Chip- ping ping__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 9 (b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Intermediate Flank WearSub- Innermost Layer Layer Outer Layer Outermost (mm)rstrate Crystal Inner Layer Crystal Crystal Crystal Conti- Inter- Sym- Compo- Struc- Compo- Crystal Orienta- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- nuous ruptedType bol sition ture sition Structure tion sition ture sition ture sition ture Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________39 E TiN Gran- TiCN Gran- (220)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after 19.7 (0.3) ular (2.5) ular (111) (1.4) ular (0.5) min. due to Chip- ping (Milling)40 E' TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- Failure after 19.3 (2.6) ular (220) (1.5) ular (0.4) (0.3) ular due to Layer Separation (Milling)41 F TiCN Gran- (220)(200) TiCN Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.:100% TiN Gran- Failure Failure (3.4) ular (111) (1.4) ular (0.3) (0.3) ular after after 0.1 min. min. due due to Chip- Frac- ping turing42 G TiN- Gran- TiCN Gran- (111)(200) TiC Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- Failure Failure TiCN ular (1.9) ular (220) (1.1) ular (0.7) (0.2) ular after after 0.3 (0.9) min. min. due due to Chip- Frac- ping turing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 10__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank WearSub- Second (mm)strate Inner Layer Intermediate Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Inter- Sym- Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous ruptedType bol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools oftheInvention43 A TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.15 0.17 (8.4) Growth (200) (0.1) (2.0) (0.5)44 A TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.16 0.17 (5.7) Growth (200) (0.1) (6.0)45 A TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN- Granular 0.15 0.19 (11.4) Growth (200) (0.1) (1.9) TiN (0.6)46 B TiCN Elongated (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.14 0.20 (8.2) Growth (220) (0.1) (2.1) (0.3)47 B TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.17 0.19 (5.0) Growth (200) (0.2) (5.3)48 C TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% TiN Granular 0.18 0.21 (10.2) Growth (200) (0.1) (1.2) (0.3)49 C TiCN Elongated (220)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Granular 0.22 0.23 (5.4) Growth (111) (0.1) (0.9) (0.4)50 D TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.13 0.18 (6.5) Growth (200) (0.1) (5.4) (0.2)51 D TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.12 0.21 (3.8) Growth (200) (0.1) (8.2)52 D TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.14 0.19 (7.7) Growth (200) (0.1) (2.4)53 E TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.14 (Milling) (4.1) Growth (200) (0.1) (0.6)54 E' TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.16 (Milling) (4.0) Growth (200) (0.1) (0.5) (0.3)55 F TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.12 0.18 (4.4) Growth (200) (0.1) (0.3) (0.3)56 G TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.13 0.17 (3.0) Growth (200) (0.2) (0.7) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 11 (a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank WearSub- Second (mm)strate Inner Layer Intermediate Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Inter- Sym- Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous ruptedType bol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools ofPrior Art43 A TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.42 0.54 (8.4) (220) (0.1) (2.1) (0.4) (Chipping) (Chipping)44 A TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.47 0.51 (5.5) (111) (0.1) (6.1) (Chipping) (Chipping)45 A TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN- Granular 0.43 0.55 (11.5) (220) (0.1) (1.8) TiN (Chipping) (Chipping) (0.7)46 B TiCN Granular (200)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (8.3) (111) (0.1) (2.0) (0.3) after after 11.1 min. due min. due Layer to Layer Separation Separation47 B TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (4.8) (220) (0.2) (5.2) after after 7.8 min. due min. due Layer to Layer Separation Separation48 C TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (10.3) (111) (0.1) (1.3) (0.2) after after 1.2 min. due min. due Layer to Layer Separation Fracturing49 C TiCN Granular (200)(220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Granular Failure Failure (5.2) (111) (0.1) (0.9) (0.5) after after 5.3 min. due min. due Layer to Layer Separation Fracturing50 D TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (6.6) (220) (0.1) (5.5) (0.3) after after 11.4 min. due min. due Chipping to Chipping51 D TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure Failure (3.7) (111) (0.1) (8.1) after after 8.5 min. due min. due Chipping to Chipping52 D TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (7.8) (220) (0.1) (2.3) after after 10.1 min. due min. due Chipping to Chipping__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 11 (b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank WearSub- Second (mm)strate Inner Layer Intermediate Layer Outer Layer Outermost Layer Inter- Sym- Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous ruptedType bol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools ofPrior Art53 E TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after 26.9 min. (4.2) (111) (0.1) (0.5) due to Chipping (Milling)54 E' TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after 24.2 min. (4.0) (220) (0.1) (0.4) (0.2) due to Layer Separation (Milling)55 F TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (4.5) (111) (0.1) (0.3) (0.4) after after 2.0 min. due min. due Chipping to Fracturing56 G TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (3.2) (220) (0.2) (0.8) (0.2) after after 0.7 min. due min. due Chipping to Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 12__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Intermediate Flank WearSub- Innermost Layer Layer Outer Layer Outermost (mm)rstrate Crystal Inner Layer Crystal Crystal Crystal Conti- Inter- Sym- Compo- Struc- Compo- Crystal Orienta- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- nuous ruptedType bol sition ture sition Structure tion sition ture sition ture sition ture Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools oftheInvention57 A TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.13 0.14 (1.0) ular (8.5) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (2.2) (0.5) ular58 A TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.15 0.13 (0.5) ular (5.6) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (6.0)59 A TiCN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN- Gran- 0.14 0.15 (0.8) ular (11.5) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (1.8) TiN ular (0.7)60 B TiC- Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Gran 0.13 0.16 TiN ular (8.2) Growth (220) (0.1) ular (2.0) (0.3) ular (1.4)61 B TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.16 0.17 (1.6) ular (4.9) Growth (200) (0.2) ular (5.1)62 C TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% TiN Gran- 0.17 0.19 (0.1) ular (10.1) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (1.1) (0.3) ular63 C TiC Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Gran- 0.20 0.21 (0.5) ular (5.3) Growth (111) (0.1) ular (0.9) (0.5) ular64 D TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.12 0.15 (0.6) ular (6.4) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (5.6) (0.2) ular65 D TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.11 0.17 (1.2) ular (3.8) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (8.3)66 D TiCN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.13 0.15 (0.4) ular (7.8) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (2.5)67 E TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.12 (Mill- (0.3) ular (4.2) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (0.6) ing)68 E' TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.14 (Mill- (0.3) ular (4.1) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (0.4) (0.3) ular ing)69 F TiN Gran- TiCN Elongated (220)(111) TiCO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Gran- 0.11 0.16 (0.7) ular (4.6) Growth (200) (0.1) ular (0.3) (0.5) ular70 G TiN- Gran- TiCN Elongated (111)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Gran- 0.11 0.15 TiCN ular (3.1) Growth (200) (0.2) ular (0.8) (0.2) ular (1.0)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 13 (a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Intermediate Flank WearSub- Innermost Layer Layer Outer Layer Outermost (mm)rstrate Crystal Inner Layer Crystal Crystal Crystal Conti- Inter- Sym- Compo- Struc- Compo- Crystal Orienta- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- nuous ruptedType bol sition ture sition Structure tion sition ture sition ture sition ture Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________CoatedCementedCarbideCuttingTools ofthePrior Art57 A TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- 0.38 0.51 (1.0) ular (8.4) (220) (0.1) ular (2.1) (0.5) ular (Chip- (Chip- ping) ping)58 A TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.41 0.49 (0.6) ular (5.3) (111) (0.1) ular (5.9) (Chip- (Chip- ping) ping)59 A TiCN Gran- TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN- Gran- 0.40 0.54 (0.7) ular (11.3) (220) (0.1) ular (1.7) TiN ular (Chip- (Chip- (0.6) ping) ping)60 B TiC- Gran- TiCN Granular (200)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran Failure Failure TiN ular (8.1) (111) (0.1) ular (2.2) (0.3) ular after after (1.5) 18.8 12.3 min. min. due due to Layer Layer Separa- Separa- tion tion61 B TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (1.6) ular (4.8) (220) (0.2) ular (5.0) after after 15.1 8.6 min. min. due due to Layer Layer Separa- Separa- tion tion62 C TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Gran- Failure Failure (0.1) ular (10.2) (111) (0.1) ular (5.0) (0.3) ular after after 1.7 min. min. due due to Layer Frac- Separa- turing tion63 C TiC Gran- TiCN Granular (200)(220) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Gran- Failure Failure (0.4) ular (5.4) (111) (0.1) ular (1.0) (0.6) ular after after 14.6 5.9 min. min. due due to Layer Frac- Separa- turing tion64 D TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (0.5) ular (6.6) (220) (0.1) ular (5.3) after after 21.4 12.3 min. min. due t due to Chip- Chip- ping ping65 D TiN Gran- TiCN Granular (220)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure Failure (1.3) ular (3.9) (111) (0.1) ular (8.2) after after 19.5 9.3 min. min. due t due to Chip- Chip- ping ping66 D TiCN Gran- TiCN Granular (111)(200) TiCNO Gran- Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (0.5) ular (7.7) (220) (0.1) ular (2.3) after after 17.1 10.8 min. min. due due to Chip- Chip- ping ping__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 13 (b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Second Intermediate Innermost Layer Inner Layer Layer Sub- Crystal Crystal Crystal strate Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc- Compo- Struc-Type Symbol sition ture sition ture Orientation sition ture__________________________________________________________________________Coated 67 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCNO GranularCemented (0.3) (4.0) (0.1)Carbide 68 E' TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCNO GranularCutting (0.3) (3.9) (0.1)Tools of 69 F TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCO GranularPrior Art (0.7) (4.5) (0.1) 70 G TiN- Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCNO Granular TiCN (3.3) (0.2) (1.0)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 67 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after 28.0 min.Cemented (0.6) due to ChippingCarbide (Milling)Cutting 68 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after 24.8 min.Tools of (0.4) (0.3) due to Layer SeparationPrior Art (Milling) 69 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.4) (0.4) after 2.5 after 0.2 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 70 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.9) (0.2) after 5.7 after 0.9 min. due to min. due to Chipping Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 14__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 71 A TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCemented (6.3) Growth (3.2) (0.1)Carbide 72 A TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCutting (3.1) Growth (2.0) (0.1)Tools of 73 A TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granularthe (9.4) Growth (2.0) (0.1)Invention 74 B TiCN Elongated (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (4.6) Growth (3.8) (0.1) 75 B TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (4.8) Growth (1.4) (0.1) 76 C TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (201) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (6.6) Growth (3.1) (0.2) 77 C TiCN Elongated (220) (200) (111) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular (3.3) Growth (1.9) (0.1) 78 D TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (3.5) Growth (2.9) (0.1) 79 D TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular TiCNO Granular (2.4) Growth (0.6) (0.1) 80 D TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (5.5) Growth (2.6) (0.1) 81 E TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (2.6) Growth (1.3) (0.1) 82 E' TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (2.3) Growth (1.5) (0.1) 83 F TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular TiCO Granular (3.4) Growth (1.2) (0.1) 84 G TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (1.9) Growth (1.0) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 71 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.16 0.20Cemented (2.3) (0.2)Carbide 72 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.19 0.19Cutting (6.0)Tools of 73 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN-- Granular 0.16 0.21the (2.1) TiNInvention (0.7) 74 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.15 0.23 (2.0) (0.3) 75 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.19 0.21 (3.8) 76 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% TiN Granular 0.20 0.24 (1.0) (0.3) 77 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Granular 0.25 0.25 (0.8) (0.5) 78 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% TiN Granular 0.15 0.19 (5.2) (0.5) 79 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.14 0.22 (8.0) 80 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.15 0.21 (2.7) 81 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.15 (Milling) (0.5) 82 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.17 (Milling) (0.4) (0.2) 83 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.14 0.20 (0.4) (0.3) 84 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.13 0.19 (0.8) (0.3)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 15(a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 71 A TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCemented (6.2) (3.2) (0.1)Carbide 72 A TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCutting (3.0) (2.0) (0.1)Tools of 73 A TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularPrior Art (9.3) (2.1) (0.1) 74 B TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (4.7) (3.7) (0.1) 75 B TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (4.8) (1.2) (0.1) 76 C TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (6.7) (2.9) (0.2) 77 C TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular (3.2) (1.8) (0.1) 78 D TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (3.4) (2.8) (0.1) 79 D TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCN Granular TiCNO Granular (2.4) (1.3) (0.1) 80 D TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (5.3) (2.5) (0.1)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 71 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.43 0.53Cemented (2.5) (0.3) (Chipping) (Chipping)Carbide 72 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.49 0.52Cutting (5.9) (Chipping) (Chipping)Tools of 73 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN-- Granular 0.37 0.40Prior Art (2.2) TiN (Chipping) (Chipping) (0.6) 74 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (1.9) (0.2) after 14.7 after 9.5 min. due to min. due to Layer Layer Separation Separation 75 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (3.7) after 12.1 after 6.3 min. due to min. due to Layer Layer Separation Separation 76 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (1.2) (0.4) after 6.8 after 1.2 min. due to min. due to Layer Fracturing Separation 77 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.8) (0.4) after 11.9 after 4.4 min. due to min. due to Layer Fracturing Separation 78 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (5.1) (0.3) after 18.6 after 9.5 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 79 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure Failure (8.1) after 17.0 after 6.8 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 80 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (2.6) after 15.9 after 8.4 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 15(b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 81 E TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCemented (2.4) (1.5) (0.1)Carbide (Milling)Cutting 82 E' TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularTools of (2.5) (1.4) (0.1)Prior Art 83 F TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCN Granular TiCO Granular (3.3) (1.3) (0.1) 84 G TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (1.8) (1.0) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Flank Wear Outer Layer Outermost Layer (mm) Substrate Crystal Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol Composition Structure Composition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 81 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after 23.2 min.Cemented (0.4) due to ChippingCarbide 82 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after 20.1 min.Cutting (0.4) (0.2) due to Layer SeparationTools of (Milling)Prior Art 83 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.3) (0.2) after 1.6 after 0.1 min. due to min. due to Chipping Fracturing 84 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.7) (0.3) after 3.5 after 0.3 min. due to min. due to Chipping Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 16__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Innermost Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Layer Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 85 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCemented (0.8) (6.4) Growth (3.0) (0.1)Carbide 87 A TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCutting (0.7) (9.2) Growth (2.1) (0.1)Tools of 88 B TiC-- Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granularthe TiN (4.7) Growth (3.8) (0.1)Invention (1.2) 89 B TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (1.5) (4.8) Growth (1.2) (0.1) 90 C TiN Granular TiCN Elonaged (220) (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (0.1) (6.7) Growth (3.0) (0.2) 91 C TiC Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (200) (111) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular (0.7) (3.2) Growth (1.7) (0.1) 92 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.6) (3.6) Growth (2.8) (0.1) 93 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular TiCNO Granular (1.0) (2.3) Growth (1.2) (0.1) 94 D TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.4) (5.4) Growth (2.5) (0.1) 95 E TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.3) (.26) Growth (1.4) (0.1) 96 E' TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.3) (2.5) Growth (1.5) (0.1) 97 F TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular TiCO Granular (0.5) (3.2) Growth (1.4) (0.1) 98 G TiN-- Granular TiCN Elongated (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular TiCN (1.9) Growth (1.0) (0.2) (1.1)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Outermost Flank Wear Sub- Outer Layer Layer (mm) strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous Interrupted Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 85 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.15 0.19 Cemented (2.5) (0.2) Carbide 86 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.17 0.18 Cutting (5.9) Tools of 87 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN-- Granular 0.15 0.20 the (2.0) TiN Invention (0.6) 88 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.14 0.22 (1.9) (0.2) 89 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.18 0.19 (3.9) 90 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% TiN Granular 0.18 0.23 (1.1) (0.3) 91 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Granular 0.23 0.24 (0.8) (0.5) 92 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.13 0.19 (5.1) 93 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.13 0.21 (8.1) 94 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.14 0.20 (2.8) 95 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.14 (Milling) (0.5) 96 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.16 (Milling) (0.3) (0.2) 97 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.13 0.19 (0.3) (0.3) 98 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.13 0.18 (0.7) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 17__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Innermost Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Layer Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 85 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCemented (0.9) (6.0) (3.3) (0.1)Carbide 86 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCutting (0.4) (3.2) (2.0) (0.1)Tools of 87 A TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularPrior Art (0.5) (9.3) (2.2) (0.1) 88 B TiC-- Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular TiN (4.6) (3.9) (0.1) (1.3) 89 B TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (1.6) (4.7) (1.3) (0.1) 90 C TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCO Granular (0.1) (6.5) (3.0) (0.2) 91 C TiC Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular (0.8) (3.1) (1.8) (0.1) 92 D TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.5) (3.4) (2.9) (0.1) 93 D TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCN Granular TiCNO Granular (0.9) (2.5) (1.3) (0.1) 94 D TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.5) (5.5) (2.4) (0.1) 95 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.3) (2.5) (1.4) (0.1) 96 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.3) (2.4) (1.5) (0.1) 97 F TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCN Granular TiCO Granular (0.4) (3.3) (1.3) (0.1) 98 G TiN-- Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular TiCN (1.8) (1.1) (0.2) (1.0)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Outermost Flank Wear Sub- Outer Layer Layer (mm) strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous Interrupted Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 85 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.41 0.52 Cemented (2.4) (0.2) (Chipping) (Chipping) Carbide 86 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.48 0.50 Cutting (5.8) (Chipping) (Chipping) Tools of 87 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN-- Granular 0.35 0.39 Prior Art (2.2) TiN (Chipping) (Chipping) (0.7) 88 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (1.8) (0.2) after 15.1 after 9.8 min. due to min. due to Layer Layer Separation Separation 89 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (3.8) after 12.6 after 6.8 min. due to min. due to Layer Layer Separation Separation 90 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (1.1) (0.3) after 7.1 after 1.5 min. due to min. due to Layer Fracturing Separation 91 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.9) (0.4) after 12.5 after 4.7 min. due to min. due to Layer Fracturing Separation 92 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (5.0) after 19.2 after 9.8 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 93 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure Failure (8.2) after 17.6 after 7.2 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 94 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure Failure (2.6) after 16.3 after 8.7 min. due to min. due to Chipping Chipping 95 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after 23.7 min. (0.5) due to Chipping (Milling) 96 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after 20.7 min. (0.3) (0.2) due to Layer Separation (Milling) 97 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.4) (0.3) after 1.8 after 0.1 min. due to min. due to Chipping Fracturing 98 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure Failure (0.8) (0.3) after 3.9 after 0.4 min. due to min. due to Chipping Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 18(a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Inner Layer Innermost First First Dividing Second Second Sub- Layer Divided Layer Layer Dividing Layer Dividing Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 99 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN GranularCemented (1.0) (2.4) Growth (0.3) (2.4) Growth (0.2)Carbide 100 A TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN ElongatedCutting (3.0) Growth (0.2) (3.0) GrowthTools of 101 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongatedthe (0.5) (3.2) Growth (0.2) (3.1) GrowthInvention 102 A TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.5) (3.1) Growth (0.2) (3.0) Growth 103 B TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (2.7) Growth (0.2) (2.7) Growth (0.2) 104 B TiC-- Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN (2.2) Growth (0.3) (2.3) Growth (1.4) 105 B TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (1.6) (3.4) Growth (0.2) (2.6) Growth (0.2) 106 C TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (4.7) Growth (0.2) (4.8) Growth 107 C TiC Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (0.5) (1.1) Growth (0.1) (0.8) Growth (0.2) 108 C TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (0.5) (2.5) Growth (0.3) (2.3) Growth (0.2) 109 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.6) (3.2) Growth (0.3) (3.2) Growth 110 D TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.8) (1.2) Growth (0.2) (1.0) Growth 111 D TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (0.6) (2.0) Growth (0.3) (1.8) Growth (0.2) 112 D TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (3.4) Growth (0.2) (3.5) Growth__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Inner Layer Third Third Forth Sub- Divided Layer Dividing Layer Divided Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 99 A TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated Cemented (2.4) Growth (0.2) (2.3) Growth Carbide 100 A Cutting 101 A Tools of 102 A the 103 B TiCN Elongated Invention (2.6) Growth 104 B 105 B TiCN Elongated (2.8) Growth 106 C 107 C TiCN Elongated (1.0) Growth 108 C TiCN Elongated (2.4) Growth 109 D 110 D 111 D TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (1.9) Growth (0.2) (1.7) Growth 112 D__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 18(b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Flank Wear Intermediate Intermediate Outermost (mm) Sub- Layer Layer Outer Layer Layer High- Deep- strate Inner Layer Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Feed cutType Symbol Orientation sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 99 A (111) (220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.15 0.15Cemented (200) (0.1) (2.5) (0.2)Carbide 100 A (220) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.16 0.20Cutting (200) (3.0) (0.1) (2.7) (0.2)Tools of 101 A (111) (220) TiC Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiCN-- Granular 0.17 0.18the (200) (1.9) (2.0) TiNInvention (0.6) 102 A (111) (200) TiC Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% TiN Granular 0.21 0.19 (220) (3.0) (2.7) (0.2) 103 B (111) (220) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.16 0.22 (200) (0.1) (3.4) 104 B (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% TiN Granular 0.15 0.17 (220) (3.8) (0.1) (1.9) (0.2) 105 B (111) (220) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% 0.20 0.16 (200) (0.1) (3.3) 106 C (220) (111) TiCO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% TiN Granular 0.20 0.21 (200) (0.1) (1.5) (0.2) 107 C (220) (200) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.24 0.20 (111) (1.8) (0.1) (0.8) 108 C (111) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.19 0.23 (200) (2.6) (0.5) 109 D (111) (220) TiCNO Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% 0.15 0.17 (200) (0.1) (5.2) 110 D (220) (111) TiCN Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% 0.15 0.22 (200) (1.4) (8.1) 111 D (111) (220) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.16 0.19 (200) (2.8) 112 D (111) (220) TiC Granular Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 73% TiN Granular 0.16 0.17 (200) (1.2) (4.3) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 19(a)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Inner Layer Innermost First First Second Second Sub- Layer Devided Layer Dividing Layer Divided Layer Dividing Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 113 F TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN ElongatedCemented (0.4) (1.6) Growth (0.2) (1.5) GrowthCarbide 114 F TiN-- Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN ElongatedCutting TiCN (0.9) Growth (0.1) (1.0) GrowthTools of (1.0)the 115 F TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN GranularInvention (1.9) Growth (0.2) (2.0) Growth (0.3) 116 F TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (2.2) Growth (0.3) (2.3) Growth 117 G TiC-- Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiN (1.1) Growth (0.2) (1.1) Growth (0.1) (0.9) 118 G TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (3.4) Growth (0.2) (3.3) Growth 119 G TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (0.5) (1.1) Growth (0.1) (0.8) Growth (0.2) 120 G TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (1.7) Growth (0.2) (1.6) Growth 121 G TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (2.2) Growth (0.2) (2.0) Growth 122 E TiCN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular (0.6) (0.7) Growth (0.2) (0.6) Growth (0.2) 123 E TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.34) (1.3) Growth (0.1) (1.3) Growth 124 E TiN Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.3) (1.8) Growth (0.1) (1.7) Growth 125 E' TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (1.4) Growth (0.3) (1.3) Growth 126 E' TiC Granular TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.7) (1.5) Growth (0.2) (1.6) Growth__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Inner Layer Third Third Forth Sub- Divided Layer Dividing Layer Divided Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 113 F TiCN Elongated Cemented (2.3) Growth Carbide 114 F Cutting 115 F TiCN Elongated Tools of (1.9) Growth the 116 F Invention 117 G TiCN Elongated (1.0) Growth 118 G 119 G TiCN Elongated (1.0) Growth 120 G 121 G 122 E TiCN Elongated TiN Granular TiCN Elongated (0.6) Growth (0.2) (0.7) Growth 123 E 124 E 125 E' 126 E'__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 19(b)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Layer Layer strate Inner Layer Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 113 F (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular TiCO GranularCemented (1.4) (0.1)Carbide 114 F (111) (220) (200) TiCNO GranularCutting (0.2)Tools of 115 F (111) (220) (200) TiCN Granularthe (1.1)Invention 116 F (111) (200) (220) 117 G (111) (220) (200) TiCO Granular (0.1) 118 G (220) (111) (200) TiCO Granular (0.1) 119 G (220) (200) (111) TiN Granular (1.7) 120 G (111) (220) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (2.9) (0.1) 121 G (220) (111) (200) 122 E (111) (220) (200) 123 E (220) (111) (200) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (1.4) (0.1) 124 E (111) (220) (200) TiCNO Granular (0.1) 125 E' (220) (111) (200) TiCN Granular (0.8) 126 E' (111) (220) (200) TiCNO Granular (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Outermost Flank Wear Sub- Outer Layer Layer (mm) strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Continuous InterruptedType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Cutting Cutting__________________________________________________________________________Coated 113 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.14 0.18Cemented (0.2) (0.2)Carbide 114 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.12 0.19Cutting (0.7) (0.2)Tools of 115 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.13 0.25the (1.5)Invention 116 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.14 0.21 (1.2) (0.3) 117 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 55% 0.12 0.20 (0.5) 118 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.11 0.24 (2.0) (0.4) 119 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 62% TiN Granular 0.15 0.20 (0.8) (0.5) 120 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 85% 0.14 0.19 (1.2) 121 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.12 0.23 (1.0)122 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.14 (Milling) (0.8) (0.3)123 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.15 (Milling) (0.5)124 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% TiN Granular 0.14 (Milling) (0.4) (0.2)125 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 100% 0.15 (Milling) (0.3)126 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 94% TiN Granular 0.14 (Milling) (1.1) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 20__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Innermost Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Layer Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 99 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCNO GranularCemented (1.0) (9.5) (0.1)Carbide 100 A TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO GranularCutting (6.1) (2.8) (0.1)Tools of 101 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC GranularPrior Art (0.6) (9.3) (2.0) 102 A TiN Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiC Granular (0.5) (6.0) (3.0) 103 B TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCO Granular (8.4) (0.1) 104 B TiC-- Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular TiN (6.6) (3.6) (0.1) (1.5) 105 B TiN Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiCO Granular (1.7) (8.7) (0.1) 106 C TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCO Granular (9.8) (0.1) 107 C TiC Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiN Granular TiCNO Granular (0.4) (2.5) (1.8) (0.1) 108 C TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) (0.5) (7.7) 109 D TiN Grqanular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCNO Granular (0.6) (6.3) (0.1) 110 D TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCN Granular (0.7) (2.4) (1.2) 111 D TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) (0.5) (8.2) 112 D TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular (6.9) (1.3)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Outermost Sub- Outer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Flank Wear Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure (mm)__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 99 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.57 0.53 Cemented (2.3) (0.2) (Chipping) (Chipping) Carbide 100 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.61 0.52 Cutting (2.8) (0.2) (Chipping) (Chipping) Tools of 101 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiCN-- Granular 0.59 0.43 Prior Art (1.9) TiN (Chipping) (Chipping) (0.6) 102 A Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.60 0.57 (2.5) (0.3) (Chipping) (Chipping) 103 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.64 0.60 (3.4) (Chipping) (Chipping) 104 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.59 0.39 (2.1) (0.3) (Chipping) (Chipping) 105 B Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (3.2) 21.6 min. 21.6 min. due to Layer due to Layer Separation Separation 106 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after (1.6) (0.2) 19.5 min. 20.8 min. due to Layer due to Layer Separation Separation 107 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure after Failure after (0.9) 15.1 min. 20.8 min. due to Layer due to Layer Separation Separation 108 C Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after (2.5) (0.5) 19.5 min. 20.8 min. due to Layer due to Layer Separation Separation 109 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.59 0.54 (5.0) (Chipping) (Chipping) 110 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (8.0) 13.9 min. 3.6 min. due to due to Chipping Fracturing 111 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (2.9) 12.4 min. 5.9 min. due to due to Chipping Fracturing 112 D Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after (4.2) (0.3) 11.5 min. 6.5 min. due to due to Chipping Fracturing__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 21__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer First Second Innermost Intermediate Intermediate Sub- Layer Inner Layer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Compo- CrystalType Symbol sition Structure sition Structure Orientation sition Structure sition Structure__________________________________________________________________________Coated 113 F TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCN Granular TiCO GranularCemented (0.3) (3.2) (1.5) (0.1)Carbide 114 F TiN-- Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCNO GranularCutting TiCN (2.1) (0.2)Tools of (0.9)Prior Art 115 F TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCN Granular (6.5) (1.2) 116 F TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) (4.6) 117 G TiC-- Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCO Granular TiN (3.5) (0.1) (1.0) 118 G TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCO Granular (7.0) (0.1) 119 G TiN Granular TiCN Granular (200) (220) (111) TiN Granular (0.6) (3.1) (1.8) 120 G TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (3.3) (2.8) (0.1) 121 G TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) (4.5) 122 E TiCN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) (0.5) 123 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiC Granular TiCNO Granular (0.3) (2.6) (1.5) (0.1) 124 E TiN Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCNO Granular (0.3) (.35) (0.1) 125 E' TiCN Granular (220) (200) (111) TiCN Granular (3.0) (0.9) 126 E' TiC Granular TiCN Granular (111) (200) (220) TiCNO Granular (0.8) (2.9) (0.2)__________________________________________________________________________ Hard Coating Layer Outermost Sub- Outer Layer Layer strate Compo- Crystal Compo- Crystal Flank Wear Type Symbol sition Structure sition Structure (mm)__________________________________________________________________________ Coated 113 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after Cemented (0.2) (0.2 13.6 min. due 8.0 min. due Carbide to Chipping Fracturing Cutting 114 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after Tools of (0.7) (0.2) 16.0 min. due 7.6 min. due Prior Art to Chipping to Fracturing 115 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure after Failure after (1.5) 14.4 min. due 3.1 min. due to Chipping to Fracturing 116 F Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after (1.2) (0.3) 15.1 min. due 6.3 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 117 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (0.5) 17.4 min. due 5.8 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 118 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (2.0) (0.4) 16.2 min. due 4.5 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 119 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% TiN Granular Failure after Failure after (0.8) (0.5) 12.5 min. due 7.4 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 120 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% Failure after Failure after (1.2) 13.3 min. due 7.9 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 121 G Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .kappa.: 40% Failure after Failure after (1.0) 17.6 min. due 5.2 min. due to Layer to Fracturing Separation 122 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.41 (Chipping) (0.8) (0.3) (Milling) 123 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.37 (Chipping) (0.5) (Milling) 124 E Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.33 (Chipping) (0.4) (0.2) (Milling) 125 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% 0.38 (Chipping) (0.3) (Milling) 126 E' Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .alpha.: 100% TiN Granular 0.36 (Chipping) (1.1) (0.2) (Milling)__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Date	Country
6-141100	May 1994	JPX
6-141101	May 1994	JPX
6-141122	May 1994	JPX
6-141123	May 1994	JPX
6-156842	Jun 1994	JPX
6-156843	Jun 1994	JPX
6-156844	Jun 1994	JPX
6-156845	Jun 1994	JPX
6-249945	Sep 1994	JPX

Number	Name	Date
RE34180	Nemeth et al.	Feb 1993
4401719	Kobayashi et al.	Aug 1983
4474849	Fujimori et al.	Oct 1984
4746563	Nakano et al.	May 1988
4812370	Okada et al.	Mar 1989
4830930	Taniguchi et al.	May 1989
5066553	Yoshimura et al.	Nov 1991
5071696	Chatfield et al.	Dec 1991
5106674	Okada et al.	Apr 1992
5296016	Yoshimura et al.	Mar 1994
5372873	Yoshimura et al.	Dec 1994
5374471	Yoshimura et al.	Dec 1994
5436071	Odani et al.	Jul 1995
5447549	Yoshimura	Sep 1995
5487625	Ljungberg et al.	Jan 1996

Number	Date	Country
0 408 535	Jan 1991	EPX
0 594 875	May 1994	EPX
63-195268	Aug 1988	JPX
6-108254	Apr 1994	JPX
6-190605	Jul 1994	JPX

Coated hard alloy blade member

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