Patent Application
20100129646
The instant invention is in the field of objects having a coating applied thereto and more specifically the instant invention is in the field of polymer objects having a plasma generated coating applied thereto.
The use of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques to coat an object with, for example, a silicon oxide layer and/or a polyorganosiloxane layer is well known as described, for example, in WO 2004/044039 A2. Japanese Patent Application number 2003-326157 having a publication number of 2005-088422 disclosed plasma coating of a 0.02 to 0.03 micrometer thick barrier layer on polyamide resin film but was silent on the degree of adhesion of the coating. Polycarbonate sheeting is widely used for glazing applications. The abrasion resistance of polycarbonate sheeting is significantly increased by the application of abrasion resistant PECVD coatings thereon. However, abrasion resistant PECVD coatings demonstrate poor adhesion to polycarbonate sheeting after exposure to adverse weather conditions. Thus, there remains a need for PECVD abrasion resistant coatings (as well as coatings having other benefits such as water wettable coatings) that are adherent to a polymer substrate even after exposure to adverse weather conditions.
The instant invention provides a solution to the above-mentioned problems. The coatings of the coated objects of the instant invention are surprisingly adherent even after exposure to adverse weather conditions. In one embodiment, the instant invention is a coated object, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the object comprises a polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group and wherein at least a portion of a surface of the polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group has a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition exposed coating thereon, the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition exposed coating having a thickness greater than 0.1 micrometer.
In a related embodiment, the instant invention is a method for making a coated object, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the object comprises a polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group, the method comprising the step of coating at least a portion of a surface of the polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating process to form a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating thereon having a thickness greater than 0.1 micrometer.
The instant invention, in one embodiment, is a coated object, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the object comprises a polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group and wherein at least a portion of a surface of the polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group has a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating thereon. The coatings of the coated objects of the instant invention are surprisingly adherent even after exposure to adverse weather conditions.
The specific plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique used in the instant invention is not critical. Examples of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition techniques that can be used include techniques employing atmospheric as well as sub-atmospheric pressure. The plasma can be, for example and without limitation thereto, corona plasma, spark plasma, DC plasma, AC plasma (including RF plasma) and microwave plasma. Preferably, the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique used in the instant invention is atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is well known in the art as described, for example and without limitation thereto, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,118,218; 6,441,553 and 7,064,405 as well as PCT International Publication Numbers WO2000/45623; WO2002/23960; WO2004/019381; WO2006/049794 and WO2006/049865. The atmospheric pressure, square wave DC, air gap electrode system described in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/849,157 is highly preferred herein.
The term “polymer unit comprising an amide group” means a polymer unit comprising a [—N—(C═O)—] group. Examples of polymers having a polymer unit comprising an amide group include, without limitation thereto, the following condensation polymers and (vinyl) addition polymers:
The polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group can be selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising polyamides, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyisocyanurates, polyallophanates, polybiurets, polyaminoacids, N-acetyl-polyethyleneimine, N-benzoyl-polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylamides and polyimides, mixtures thereof and copolymers comprised thereof. The polymers may be thermoplastic polymers or thermoset polymers, although the thermoplastic type are preferred. Polyurethanes are a preferred polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group in the instant invention and such polyurethane can be an elastomeric, aliphatic, transparent, or thermoplastic polyurethane polymer. Examples of aliphatic monomers that can be used for synthesis of rigid engineering thermoplastic polyurethane resins in the instant invention include, without limitation thereto, the following:
The diols and diisocyanates described above are specific examples of positional and geometric isomers of cyclohexanedimethanol and bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane from which a polyurethane of the instant invention can be made. The meaning of the terms “positional” and “geometric” isomers herein are defined in Solomons, “Organic Chemistry,” John Wiley & Sons, 1976, pages 231-232.
When the diisocyanate consists essentially of a mixture of 1,3-cis, 1,3-trans, 1,4-cis, and 1,4-trans bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane and wherein the diol consists essentially of a mixture of 1,3-cis, 1,3-trans, 1,4-cis, and 1,4-trans cyclohexanedimethanol, then preferably the 1,3-cis content of the diisocyanate and the diol is in the range of 20 to 50 weight percent, the 1,3 trans content of the diisocyanate and the diol is in the range of 5 to 35 weight percent, the 1,4-cis content of the diisocyanate and the diol is in the range of 5 to 30 weight percent, and the 1,4-trans content of the diisocyanate and the diol is in the range of 15 to 50 weight percent. Most preferably, the 1,3-cis content of the diisocyanate and the diol is about 36 weight percent, the 1,3 trans content of the diisocyanate and the diol is about 18 weight percent, the 1,4-cis content of the diisocyanate and the diol is about 13 weight percent, and the 1,4-trans content of the diisocyanate and the diol is about 33 weight percent. Several positional and geometric isomers of cyclohexanedimethanol and bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane are commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, Mich.) and can be made according to the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 6,252,121 and US Patent Application Publication 2004/0087754, herein fully incorporated by reference.
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU's) are a preferred polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group for use in the instant invention. TPU's can be placed in four classes: (a) aromatic elastomeric TPU (such as PELLETHANE™ TPU elastomers); (b) aromatic rigid TPU (such as ISOPLAST™ TPU engineering resins); (c) aliphatic elastomeric TPU (such as KRYSTALFLEX or DESMOPAN TPU elastomers); and (d) aliphatic rigid TPU. The TPU's of class (a) and (b) often need stabilization against UV degradation. For example, even though the plasma coating of the instant invention has excellent adhesion to ISOPLAST™ 302 TPU engineering resin even after 10 days immersion in 65° C. water, significant yellowing of an unstabilized TPU is observed in less than 100 hours of UV-B exposure. The aliphatic TPU of class (c) and (d) have better natural UV stability.
Polyamide polymers, such as nylon-type polymers, are another preferred polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group for use in the instant invention. Nylon polymers may be amorphous or semicrystalline; they may also be aliphatic or aromatic. Aliphatic nylons are preferable due to improved stability under ultraviolet (UV) radiation; however, aromatic nylons may be used if they are properly stabilized against UV degradation. Amorphous nylon polymers are preferred when transparency is required. In some cases, semi-crystalline nylon polymers can be made transparent by various methods, including processing conditions, geometry, additives, and polymer chemical structure. To recap this discussion of polyamide polymers, the most preferred are aliphatic amorphous polyamides such as GRILAMID TR90 (EMS-Grivory). Also highly preferred are aliphatic semi-crystalline polyamide polymers such as TROGAMID CX (Evonik). This polymer, although semi-crystalline, has crystallites so small in size that visible light is not scattered, therefore transparency is maintained. Other usable examples are RISLAN Clear G350 (Arkema) and CRISTAMID MS1700 (Arkema). Many other usable polyamides, both common and uncommon, can be found, e.g., in “Nylon Plastics Handbook” by M. I. Kohan (Hanser Publishers, c. 1995).
Preferably, the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system used in the instant invention is atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition wherein a mixture of gases including a balance gas and a working gas are flowed into a plasma to be plasma polymerized to form a coating onto a moving substrate. As used herein, the term “working gas” refers to a reactive substance, which may or may not be gaseous at standard temperature and pressure, that is capable of polymerizing in a plasma to form a coating onto the substrate. As used herein, the term “balance gas” is reactive or non-reactive gas that carries the working gas through the electrode and ultimately to the substrate.
Examples of suitable working gases (also called precursors) include organosilicon compounds such as silanes, siloxanes, and silazanes generated from the headspace of a contained volatile liquid of such material and carried by a carrier gas and merged with balance gas. Examples of silanes include dimethoxydimethylsilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, methyltriethoxysilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, tetraethoxysilane, dimethoxymethylphenylsilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacrylpropyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxymethylphenylsilane, tris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, and dimethoxydiphenylilane. Examples of siloxanes include tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and tetraethylorthosilicate. Examples of silazanes include hexamethylsilazanes and tetramethylsilazanes. Siloxanes are preferred working gases, with tetramethyldisiloxane being especially preferred.
The working gas is preferably diluted with a carrier gas such as air or nitrogen before being merged with the balance gas. The v/v concentration of the working gas in the carrier gas is related to the vapor pressure of the working gas, and is preferably not less than 1%, more preferably not less than 5%, and most preferably not less than 10%; and preferably not greater than 50%, more preferably not greater than 30%, and most preferably not greater than 20%. An oxidizing gas is also often flowed into the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Some examples of oxidizing gases are air, oxygen, and nitrous oxide.
Examples of suitable balance gases include air, oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and argon, as well as combinations thereof. The flow rate of the balance gas is sufficiently high to drive the plasma polymerizing working gas to the substrate. Preferably the flow rate of the balance gas is such that the velocity of the balance gas passing through the slot of at least 1000 feet per minute, more preferably at least 2000 feet per minute, and most preferably at least 4000 feet per minute; and preferably not greater than 10000 feet per minute, more preferably not greater than 8000 feet per minute, and most preferably not greater than 6000 feet per minute. Control of the relative flow rates of the balance gas and the working gas also contributes to the quality of the coating formed on the substrate. Preferably, the flow rates are adjusted such that v/v ratio of balance gas to working gas is at least 0.002%, more preferably at least 0.02%, and most preferably at least 0.2%; and preferably not greater than 10%, more preferably not greater than 6%, and most preferably not greater than 1%. The actual numeral values for gas injection speed, concentrations, and compositions depends, of course, on the type of coating that is being put down on the substrate as is well understood in the art. It should be understood that the use of the instant invention is not restricted to the above-mentioned values. Although it is possible to carry out the process of the present invention by applying a vacuum or partial vacuum in, for example and without limitation thereto, a corona discharge region, (i.e., the region where the corona discharge is formed) the process is preferably carried out so that the plasma is not subject to any vacuum or partial vacuum, that is, carried out at atmospheric or near atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention comprises Si, O, C and H. Most preferably, the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention has the formula Si1.0O1.8-2.4C0.3-1.0H0.7-4.0. It can be desirable to first plasma coat a substrate with an “interlayer” having the formula Si1.0O1.0-5.0C1.0-5.0H0.1-10.0. As described in, for example, WO2006/049865, such an interlayer often imparts improved adhesion of the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating to a substrate.
The exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention preferably has an adhesion greater than or equal to 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 and the adhesion is greater than or equal to 4.0 after two days, four days, eight days, sixteen days or even twenty eight days or more of immersion in 65° C. water and even after 200 hours, 400 hours, 1000 hours or more of UV exposure according to ASTM test D4329.
The thickness of the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention is greater than 0.1 micrometer. Preferably, the thickness of the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention is greater than 0.5 micrometer. Most preferably, the thickness of the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention is about 1 micrometer or more. Preferably, the thickness of the exposed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition coating of the instant invention is 8 micrometers or less. In some embodiments, the thickness is 4 micrometers or less, more preferably 2 micrometers or less.
The polymer comprising a polymer unit comprising an amide group the instant invention can overlay a core material. Highly preferred core materials in the instant invention include polycarbonate sheet or film, polymethylmethacrylate sheet or film and polyolefin sheet or film.
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The essence of this invention is described by
Table 1 lists the plasma coating conditions used for the examples and comparative examples hereof using the apparatus detailed in US Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/849,157, herein fully incorporated by reference, wherein both an interlayer (also called adhesion layer in Table 1) and an exposed coating (also called abrasion resistant layer in Table 1) is applied. For those examples where the coating is applied to a thermoplastic urethane (TPU), the inter layer is not applied.
The above procedure produces an inter layer having a formula within the following formula: Si1.0O1.0-5.0C1.0-5.0H0.1-10.0. The above procedure produces an exposed layer having a formula within the following formula: Si1.0O1.8-2.4C0.3-1.0H0.7-4.0.
General purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) is cut into 4″×4″ squares and repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor to create a 50 nanometer thick inter layer. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 4-5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but 0 after one day of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 4-5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but 0 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
General purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) is cut into 4″×4″ squares and repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor and low power is used to create a 50 nanometer thick inter layer. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) and the power is increased to create a four micron thick exposed layer. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 after 24 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
General purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) is cut into 4″×4″ squares and repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 3 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but 0 after one day of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layers to the polycarbonate sheet is 4-5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but 0 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 800 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 399 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 399 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 399 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and 4 after two days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 399 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 800 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 419 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 25 mil thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 500 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 500 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 500 thermoplastic urethane is 3 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and 3 after three days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 500 thermoplastic urethane is 3 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 3 after 800 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
An 8 micrometer 25 thick film of KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 193 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 300 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
An 8 micrometer thick sheet of KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is laminated to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after five days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the KRYSTALFLEX 499 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 300 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
An 8 micrometer thick sheet of TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is compression molded to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
An 8 micrometer thick sheet of TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is compression molded to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TEXIN DP7-3006 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 500 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 0.125 inch thick sheet of TEXIN 4215 thermoplastic urethane/polycarbonate blend is compression molded to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the TEXIN 4215 thermoplastic urethane/polycarbonate blend. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TEXIN 4215 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after three days of immersion in 65° C. water.
An 8 micrometer thick sheet of DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is compression molded to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
An 8 micrometer thick sheet of DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is compression molded to a 0.25 inch thick sheet of general purpose LEXAN polycarbonate sheet (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the DESMOPAN DP-W-85085A thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 1000 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 0.25 inch thick extruded sheet of ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after ten days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is 5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still greater than 4 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 0.25 inch thick extruded sheet of ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the ISOPLAST 302. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is 3.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 3.5 after five days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the ISOPLAST 302 thermoplastic urethane is 3.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 3.5 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
A 0.25 inch thick 4″×4″ squares of injection molded ISOPLAST 2530 rigid thermoplastic urethane is repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the ISOPLAST 2530 rigid thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the ISOPLAST 2530 rigid thermoplastic urethane is 0 according to ASTM test D3359-02.
A 0.25 inch thick 4″×4″ squares of compression molded PELLETHANE 2102-75A thermoplastic urethane is repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the PELLETHANE 2102-75A thermoplastic urethane. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the PELLETHANE 2102-75A thermoplastic urethane is 2 according to ASTM test D3359-02.
Rigid engineering thermoplastic polyurethane resin is synthesized in a Haake Rheomix 3000p mixer equipped with 310 cm3 chamber and roller rotors. The reactor is heated to 170° C. and rotors are set to 50 rpm. Using a plastic syringe, UNOXOL diol, supra, is added to the chamber followed by H12MDI, supra. Molar ratio of diisocyanate to diol is 1.04:1.00. The rotor speed is increased to 200 rpm, and 30 seconds later, two drops of T-9 stannous octoate catalyst is added and then the plunger is lowered to cover the feed port. The torque rapidly increases, then gradually decreases and levels off. After 10 minutes the rotors are turned off and the molten thermoplastic urethane (TPU) product is removed with brass spatulas, flattened on Teflon sheet, then dried overnight in a desiccating dryer. The TPU is compression molded into 4×4×0.25 inch squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the thermoplastic urethane.
A 0.125 inch thick 4″×4″ square of GRILAMID TR 90 UV aliphatic polyamide is repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor to create a 50 nanometer thick adhesion layer on the GRILAMID TR 90 UV aliphatic polyamide. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the adhesion layer. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after twenty-eight days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is still 4.5 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide (EMS GRIVORY) is injection molded (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after twenty-eight days of immersion in 65° C. water. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is still 4.5 after 100 hours of wet UV exposure (QUV-B) according to ASTM test D4329.
GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide (EMS GRIVORY) is injection molded (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water.
TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide (Evonik) is injection molded (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CRISTAMID 1700 polyamide (Arkema) is injection molded (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the CRISTAMID 1700 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the CRISTAMID 1700 polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and drops to 0 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water.
RISLAN CLEAR G350 (Arkema) is injection molded (0.25 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a five micron thick exposed layer on the RISLAN CLEAR G350 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to the RISLAN CLEAR G350 polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water.
Nylon 66 polyamide (Sigma Aldrich) is compression molded (0.125 inch thick) and then cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the Nylon 66 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to Nylon 66 polyamide is 4.5 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still 4.5 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and still 4.5 after fourteen days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide (EMS GRIVORY) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 45 mm extruder. The three layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still at least 4.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and 4.0 after twenty eight days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 45 mm extruder. The three layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still at least 4.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and 4.0 after twenty eight days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. The two layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. The precursor is tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but decreases to 2.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide (EMS GRIVORY) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 45 mm extruder. The three layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor to create a 50 nanometer thick inter layer. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to GRILAMID TR90 UV polyamide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still at least 4.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and 4.0 after twenty eight days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 45 mm extruder. The three layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor to create a 50 nanometer thick inter layer. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to TROGAMID CX7323 polyamide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially and still at least 4.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water, and 4.0 after twenty eight days of immersion in 65° C. water.
CALIBRE™ 302-7 polycarbonate (Dow) sheet (0.8 mm) is extruded from a Reifenhauser 70 mm extruder. On top of this is coextruded PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide (Evonik) film (ca. 100 micron +/−50 micron) from a Scamia 35 mm extruder. The two layer sheet is cut into 4″×4″ squares which are repeatedly passed under the plasma coating electrodes. Initially, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) is used as a precursor to create a 50 nanometer thick inter layer. Then the precursor is changed to tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) to create a one micron thick exposed layer on the PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide. The adhesion of the plasma generated layer to PLEXIMID 8813 polymethylmethacrylimide is at least 4.0 according to ASTM test D3359-02 initially but decreases to 1.0 after seven days of immersion in 65° C. water.
While the instant invention has been described above according to its preferred embodiments, it can be modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the instant invention using the general principles disclosed herein. Further, the instant application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within the known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the following claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US08/64059 | 5/19/2008 | WO | 00 | 10/29/2009 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60931057 | May 2007 | US |
