This disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for coating, embossing, and laminating, and more particularly toward coaters and embosser-laminators for the production of bathroom tissue and kitchen towel.
It is well known in the art that an offset gravure process can be used for coating one or both sides of a web of tissue or towel product. It is well known in the art that laminating two or more plies of a tissue or towel product together amounts to embossing at least one of the plies, applying a coating of adhesive or water to the embossing protuberances formed on the embossed ply or plies, and then joining the ply or plies with one or more further plies to form a laminated product. The application of a coating of adhesive in an embosser-laminator can use essentially the same offset gravure process as a coater. U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,907 discloses an embossing-laminating device which is in many ways still representative of the current state of the art. U.S. Pat. No. 7,584,698 discloses an embossing-laminating device representative of the current state of the art, with an improvement over U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,907 being the open adhesive fountain and transfer rolls are replaced by an adhesive distributing assembly comprising an adhesive chamber (also known as a doctor chamber), a gravure roll (also known as an anilox roll), and an applicator roll (also known as a cliché roll).
Calibration of the process rolls in coating machines comprises setting the nip between the gravure and applicator rolls, and setting the gap between pairs of applicator rolls (in two-sided coating) or setting the gap between the applicator roll and a backing roll (in one-sided coating). Calibration of the gravure and applicator rolls in an embosser-laminator follows a similar process, except that a gap is set between the applicator roll and the embossing protuberances of an engraved embossing roll. Calibration of an embosser-laminator further comprises setting the nip(s) in one or more embossing nip stations each comprising a steel engraved roll and a pressure roll covered with an elastic material such as rubber. Calibrating the nip between a gravure roll and an applicator roll comprises (a) determining a reference point of the extent of the gap or nip engagement between the rolls, for example initial contact between the rolls (or “zero”), and (b) assuring that the extent of gap or nip engagement between the rolls is consistent across the width of the rolls. Calibrating the nip between the steel engraved roll and a pressure roll involves a similar process, but is complicated by the fact that the steel roll is engraved with a discontinuous pattern of embossing protuberances, and by the fact that the cover of the pressure roll is typically provided with a crowned profile. Calibrating the nip between a steel engraved roll and a pressure roll further comprises determining the width of the nip flat formed between the rolls, and correlating the width of the nip flat with a machine setting, for example, the positions of the actuators that move the pressure roll against the steel engraved roll. In the current state of the art, measuring a gap between rolls involves a person inserting a feeler gauge into the nip and making adjustments until the person subjectively judges that the feeler gauge fits, but only just fits, between the rolls, to a degree that is consistent across the width of the rolls. In the current state of the art, measuring a nip flat in an embossing station involves a person attaching nip impression paper (available from, for example, Valmet) to one of the rolls, loading the pressure roll against the steel engraved roll, unloading the rolls, removing the nip impression paper, drawing a line along each edge of the impression made on the nip impression paper based on their judgment of where the edges are, and measuring the distance between the lines.
Prior art methods and apparatus for calibrating process rolls are described in the patent literature. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,720, a stop is adjusted based on feedback from a distance sensor measuring the gap between an applicator roll and a fluted roll to set the gap to a setpoint. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,785,802, contact between a web and a roll is indicated by a change of speed of a roll. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,530, vibration, noise, drive torque, or reaction force indicates contact between rolls with paper disposed between the rolls. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,602, contact force between the rolls' bearing housings is measured, and the distance between the bearings is reduced until a decrease in the contact force between the bearing housings indicates that stop rings at the ends of the rolls have come into contact, which sets a known gap between the rolls. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,620,455, the force of the web in the nip is measured, and adjustments are made until the force reaches a setpoint. In European patent application EP1362690A1, contact between a web and a roll is indicated by a change of speed of a roll.
As will become evident from the discussion that follows, the methods and apparatus described herein provide for improved safety, precision, and repeatability in calibrating the distance and alignment between process rolls, without additional complexity or cost.
In general, the process described herein involves an iterative process of moving axial ends of one of the rolls being calibrated a set incremental distance until contact between the rolls is made and then making a correction to the distance based upon the end of the roll making contact. During the calibration process described below, one or both of the rolls being calibrated may be driven in rotation with a motor. In the case of calibrating an applicator roll and gravure roll, both rolls may be driven. Given characteristics of the system, for example inertia, static friction, and surface finish, rotating both rolls during the calibration process may be advantageous to improve resolution in detecting roll contact and/or to avoid damaging the rolls. Feedback regarding motor torque, roll position, or speed may be used to indicate a change of state between roll faces, that is whether the rolls are in contact or not in contact. The rolls being calibrated require a level of precision in distance and alignment such that a determination of the mere fact that the rolls are in mutual contact is insufficient. As such, the process requires a determination of which end of the rolls makes contact first as the rolls are loaded together.
The processes described herein may be used to calibrate an applicator roll and a steel engraved roll in an embosser laminator. Since both rolls are driven, and the applicator roll is typically durable, there is low risk that the steel engraved roll will damage the applicator roll during the process. The processes described herein may also be used to calibrate a marrying roll and a steel engraved roll in an embosser laminator. Even though the marrying roll is sometimes not driven, it is typically very durable, and there is low risk that the steel engraved roll will damage the marrying roll during the process.
In calibrating the rolls, opposite ends of the one of the respective rolls (side 1 and side 2 in the drawings 8-21) may be moved using an actuator. Side 1 and side 2 refer to ends of the rolls, such as the operator side and the drive side. As shown in the drawings (in particular,
The rolls may be loaded to increase or decrease the distance between the roll axes of rotation by actuating the actuators. The incremental distance ‘x’ by which the distance between the rolls is changed may correspond to a defined gap that can be used for physical verification, for example 0.25 mm or 0.13 mm (a 0.010″ gage feeler stock or a 0.005″ gage feeler stock). The set incremental distance may also be set based upon the geometry of the faces of the rolls, the resolution of the actuators and position indicators, roll surface finishes, and cylindrical runout. As shown in
In one aspect, the method involves, step (i) of positioning the rolls in a state which the faces of the rolls are not in mutual contact; and step (ii) of rotating at least one of the rolls and sampling baseline motor torque or speed. Contact between the faces of the roll may be indicated by one or more of: motor torque, roll angular position error, or change in roll speed. In the description herein, torque is used. If sampled motor torque exceeds an established threshold for motor torque corresponding to free rotation of the roll (i.e., the roll not being in contact), the rolls are already in contact and must be disengaged by increasing the distance. Likewise, if change in roll speed is used as an indication of contact, if change in roll speed exceeds an established threshold for speed corresponding to free rotation of the roll (i.e., the roll not being in contact), the rolls are already in contact and must be disengaged by increasing the distance. This step is shown at SU in
Once it is established that the sampled motor torque is below the threshold level, the calibration method may proceed (for instance, to A in
In a further aspect of the method, step (iv) may be performed to increase the distance between the first ends of the rolls by a set incremental amount. For instance, as shown in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (v) may be performed to determine which ends of the rolls made contact. If the contact is removed as indicated by torque being below the threshold level, the first ends of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 1 as described below. If the contact maintains as indicated by torque being above the threshold level, the second ends of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 2 as described below. As shown in the example of
In accordance with path 1, the position of the actuator associated with controlling the distance between the first ends of the rolls from step (iii) may be recorded and the count of instances of contact of the first ends of the rolls may be incremented. This step is shown at D in
In accordance with an aspect of the method, step (vi) may be performed to decrease the distance between the first ends of the rolls and the second ends of the rolls until contact between the faces of the rolls is indicated by sampled motor torque being above the threshold level. For instance, as shown in
In a further aspect of the method, step (vii) may be performed to increase the distance between the first ends of the rolls by a set incremental amount while keeping the second ends of the rolls fixed. For instance, as shown in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (viii) may be performed to determine which ends of the rolls made contact. If the contact is removed as indicated by torque being below the threshold level, the first ends of the rolls were in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 1. If the contact maintains as indicated by torque being above the threshold level, the second ends of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 2 as described below. As shown in the example of
In accordance with path 1, the position of the actuator associated with controlling the distance between the first ends of the rolls from step (vi) (as shown in the drawings 0.50 mm) and another instance of contact of the first ends of the rolls may be recorded. This step is shown at D in
Then, in accordance with an aspect of the method, step (ix) may be performed to decrease the distance between the first ends of the rolls and the second ends of the rolls until contact between the faces of the rolls is indicated by sampled motor torque being above the threshold level. For instance, as shown in
In a further aspect of the method, step (x) may be performed to increase the distance between the first ends of the rolls by a set incremental amount while keeping the second ends of the rolls fixed. For instance, as shown in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (xi) may be performed to determine which ends of the rolls made contact. If the contact is removed as indicated by torque being below the threshold level, the first ends of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 1. If the contact maintains as indicated by torque being above the threshold level, the second ends of rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 2 as described below. As shown in the example of
In accordance with path 2, in a further aspect of the method, step (xii) may be performed to increase the distance between second ends of the rolls by the set incremental amount while maintaining the distance between the first ends of the rolls fixed. This is shown at E in
Then, in accordance with an aspect of the method, step (xiv) may be performed to decrease the distance between the first ends of the rolls by the set incremental amount while the second ends of the rolls is fixed. This step is shown again at G in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (xv) may be performed to determine whether the first ends of the rolls also made contact during the performing of step (ix) (that is, the distance between the first ends of the rolls and the second ends of the rolls is decreased until there is contact between the faces of the rolls). If there is no contact after performing step (xiv) (that is, decreasing the distance between first ends of the rolls while the seconds ends are fixed) and the threshold amount of allowed instances of contact for the first and second ends has not been reached, then in accordance with the method, the process may return to point A of
Making reference to the example shown
In a further aspect of the method, step (xvii) may be performed and the distance between the first ends of the rolls may be increased by a set incremental amount while keeping the second ends of the rolls fixed. For instance, as shown in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (xviii) may be performed to determine which ends of the rolls made contact. If the contact is removed as indicated by torque being below the threshold level, side 1 of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 1. If the contact maintains as indicated by torque being above the threshold level, side 2 of rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 2 as described below. As shown in the example of
In accordance with path 1, the position of the actuator associated with controlling the distance between the first ends of the rolls from step (xvi) may be recorded (as shown in the drawings 0.25 mm) and another instance of contact of the first ends of the rolls may be recorded. This step is shown at D in
Continuing from the example shown in
In a further aspect of the method, step (xx) may be performed and the distance between the first ends of the rolls may be increased by a set incremental amount while keeping the second ends of the rolls fixed. For instance, as shown in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (xxi) may be performed to determine which ends of the rolls made contact. If the contact is removed as indicated by torque being below the threshold level, side 1 of the rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 1. If the contact maintains as indicated by torque being above the threshold level, side 2 of rolls are in contact, and the method may then proceed on path 2 as described below. As shown in the example of
In accordance with path 2, in a further aspect of the method, step (xxii) may be performed and the distance between seconds ends of the rolls may be increased by the set incremental amount while maintaining the distance between the first ends of the rolls fixed. This is shown at E in
Then, in accordance with an aspect of the method, step (xxiv) may be performed and the distance between the first ends of the rolls may be decreased by the set incremental amount while the second ends of the rolls is fixed. This step is shown again at G in
At this point, in accordance with the method, step (xxv) may be performed to determine whether the first ends of the rolls also made contact during the performing of step (xix) (that is, the distance between the first ends of the rolls and the second ends of the rolls is decreased until contact between the faces of the rolls). If there is no contact after performing step (xxiv) (that, is decreasing the distance between first ends of the rolls while the seconds ends are fixed) and the threshold amount of allowed instances of contact for the first and second ends has not been reached, then in accordance with the method, the process may return to point A of
In keeping with the example shown in
Further embodiments can be envisioned by one of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure. In other embodiments, combinations or sub-combinations of the above-disclosed invention can be advantageously made. The example arrangements of components are shown for purposes of illustration and it should be understood that combinations, additions, re-arrangements, and the like are contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention. Thus, various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims and that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.
This application claims priority benefit to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 63/406,406 filed Sep. 14, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
63406406 | Sep 2022 | US |