Patent Application
20150298162
The present invention relates to a coating apparatus and a coating method, and particularly, to a coating apparatus and a coating method suitable for performing an intermittent coating process onto a sheet-like work (web).
In Patent Literature 1, as shown in
For the constant-volume pump 160, a piston pump in which a piston is disposed inside a cylinder in such a manner as to be capable of reciprocating motion or the like is employed, and displaces a constant volume of the coating liquid inside the cylinder as the piston is caused to perform a forward motion at a constant speed by an AC servo-motor or the like. An outlet of the constant-volume pump 160 is connected to the slit nozzle 190 by the discharging pipe arrangement 170. The discharging valve 180 is disposed in the middle of the discharging pipe arrangement 170, and following an opening action of the discharging valve 180, transportation of a constant volume of the coating liquid is commenced by the constant-volume pump 160.
Below the slit nozzle 190 is installed a movable stage 200 that moves at a constant speed. A leaflike work W such as glass substrate is sticked and held by suction on the movable stage 200. By discharging the coating liquid from the slit nozzle 190, the coating liquid is applied onto the work W that is moved together with the movable stage 200.
Operation of the coating apparatus 101 that is described in the Patent Literature 1 is explained. At a start of the coating, the control section 210, by causing the pressurizing air line 120 to be driven, the discharging valve 180 to shut and the supply valve 150 to open, raises the pressure inside the coating liquid tank 130. Then, the control section 210, by causing the discharging valve 180 to open and the supply valve 150 to shut, starts discharging the coating liquid from a front edge of the slit nozzle 190. At the same time, the control section 210, controlling the movable stage 200, causes either of the work W and the slit nozzle 190 to move relative to the other.
After that, the control section 210 causes the pressurizing air line 120 to stop, and sets the pressure inside the coating liquid tank 130 to return to the atmospheric pressure. Thereafter, transportation of the coating liquid is achieved by the constant-volume pump 160 alone with a flow rate maintained at a constant value, and thereby a coating process is performed with a uniform film thickness. At an end of the coating, the control section 210, by causing the discharging valve 180 to shut and the supply valve 150 to open, forcibly halts the supply of the coating liquid to the slit nozzle 190.
[Patent Literature 1]
Japanese Patent No. 4,366,757 bulletin
Usually, as a principal means for transporting the coating liquid, a constant-volume pump is employed with which it is easy to control a flow rate at a constant value. However, because transporting the coating liquid by the constant-volume pump causes a delay in response at an initial stage of an operation of the pump, a discharge pressure cannot be raised sufficiently high. Then, according to the Patent Literature 1, by utilizing the pneumatic transportation by means of the pressurizing air line 120 supplementally at a start of the coating as described above, it has been made possible to compensate the deficiency in the discharge pressure, and thereby to suppress the delay in response at the initial stage of the operation of the constant-volume pump 160.
However, at the end of the coating, because the only thing done is that supply of the coating liquid to the nozzle 190 is halted basically by shutting the discharging valve 180, responsiveness worsens. In other words, it occasionally happens that uncontrollable coating liquid that remains at the front edge of the slit nozzle flows out due to self-weight and/or inertia, and thereby that a coated film is spread at a coating-end section. Additionally, in a case where the coating liquid is a low-viscosity coating liquid, there is a problem that the coating-end section becomes not aligned linearly.
In particular, in a case where what is called an intermittent coating process in which forming a coated film of a predetermined coating length is repeated continually with a gap in between onto a long-shaped work is carried out, because the movable stage 200 continues being moved until an entire coating process onto one work is completed, an yield is reduced considerably and therefore loss of material costs amounts to a great extent if a coating failure as described above occurs.
Besides, in the coating apparatus 101 of the Patent Literature 1, operations of not only the constant-volume pump 160 but also the pressurizing air line 120 as well as the two dispensing and discharging valves 150, 180 have to be controlled for each single coating operation, which requires a complicated control system. As a result, a tact time increases so as to obtain a coated film of good quality, so that productivity decreases. Indeed, in the Patent Literature 1, it is assumed that the coating process is performed once onto one piece of the leaflike work.
The present invention was contrived to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and is directed to forming a coated film of good quality by improving the responsiveness at an end of the coating without the need for a complicated control.
A coating apparatus forms a coated film of a predetermined length by supplying a coating liquid to a slit nozzle disposed facing a work, causing either one of the work and the slit nozzle to move relative to the other, and discharging the coating liquid onto a surface to be coated of the work from a front edge of the slit nozzle.
The coating apparatus of the present invention includes a slit nozzle, a liquid supply path, a pneumatic transportation device, a liquid supply valve, a motion device, a liquid suction means and a control section. The slit nozzle discharges the coating liquid from a front edge onto a surface to be coated of the work. The liquid supply path is connected to the slit nozzle. Flowing through the liquid supply path, the coating liquid is supplied to the slit nozzle. The pneumatic transportation device transports the coating liquid by always applying a constant pressure in a certain direction to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path. The liquid supply valve opens and shuts the liquid supply path. The motion device causes either one of the work and the slit nozzle to move relative to the other. The liquid suction means is configured in such a manner as to be capable of sucking the coating liquid in the slit nozzle. The control section controls operations of the liquid supply valve and the liquid suction means.
With this configuration, at an end of a coating, the control section causes the liquid supply valve to shut and the liquid suction means to operate, and thereby remnant of the coating liquid remaining at the front edge of the slit nozzle is sucked. In other words, responsiveness at the end of the coating is improved, so that a coated film is prevented from being spread or becoming uneven at a coating-end section.
For the liquid suction means, a pump can be given as an example. The pump is disposed downstream from the liquid supply valve in the direction of the flow of the coating liquid in the liquid supply path, and is configured in such a manner as to be capable of applying a negative pressure to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path.
With this configuration, at the end of the coating, when the pneumatic transportation of the coating liquid by means of the pneumatic transportation device is stopped by shutting the liquid supply valve and the negative pressure is applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path by driving the pump, the coating liquid in the liquid supply path flows in the opposite direction. This causes the remnant of the coating liquid remaining at the front edge of the slit nozzle to be sucked. Further, because the pump is used supplementally while the pneumatic transportation device is used as a principal liquid transportation means, necessary performance can be achieved with a small-volume pump. Therefore, the configuration also contributes to the reduction of an equipment cost.
In order to further improve the responsiveness at the end of the coating, the coating apparatus of the present invention may further include a residual pressure removal means that is controlled by the control section and configured in such a manner as to be capable of removing a residual pressure inside the slit nozzle.
With this configuration, at the end of the coating, as a first stage, the control section, by causing the liquid supply valve to shut and the discharge pressure removal means to operate, removes the residual pressure of the slit nozzle. Subsequently, as a second stage, the control section, by causing the liquid suction means to operate, sucks the coating liquid in the slit nozzle. That is to say, because the residual pressure has been removed beforehand by the residual pressure removal means, the coating liquid that is to be sucked by the liquid suction means acquires further improvement in the responsiveness at the end of the coating as compared with a case where it is sucked by the liquid suction means alone.
One example of such a residual pressure removal means includes a pipe arrangement which is connected to the slit nozzle and of which distal end is open to the atmosphere, and a residual pressure removal valve that opens and shuts the pipe arrangement being controlled by the control section. With this configuration, because the pipe arrangement is opened to the atmosphere when the control section causes the residual pressure removal valve to open, the residual pressure inside the slit nozzle is removed.
For the pump, a constant-volume pump that is switchable between forward and reverse flow drives can be suitably used. This configuration enables a positive pressure to be applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path by driving the constant-volume pump for a forward flow, and a negative pressure to be applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path by driving the constant-volume pump for a reverse flow.
At the start of the coating, the liquid supply valve is caused to open, and the constant-volume pump is caused to be driven for the forward flow in order to apply a positive pressure to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path. With this configuration, at the start of the coating, when the pneumatic transportation of the coating liquid by means of the pneumatic transportation device is started by an opening action of the liquid supply valve and the positive pressure is applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path by driving the constant-volume pump for the forward flow, the coating liquid is supplied to the slit nozzle quickly. In other words, responsiveness at the start of the coating is improved. Moreover, compensating a deficiency in discharge pressure at the start of the coating by driving the constant-volume pump for the forward flow makes it possible to decrease a coating-start section of a coated film having nonuniform film thickness. In particular, in a case where an intermittent coating process is carried out onto a long-shaped work, a high yield can be attained, which contributes to the reduction of materials cost.
Especially, when the viscosity of the coating liquid used becomes large, it becomes hard for the pressure applied to the coating liquid to follow the operation of the pump; so that it becomes necessary to start driving the pump earlier accordingly. Even in such a case, the constant-volume pump can manage the pressure applied to the coating liquid relatively easily by controlling a flow rate of the pump. Therefore, it is easy to respond to a change of the coating liquid.
After the discharge pressure is raised sufficiently high by compensating the deficiency in discharge pressure with the constant-volume pump being driven for the forward flow at the start of the coating, the pneumatic transportation of the coating liquid by means of the pneumatic transportation device alone is realized with the operation of the constant-volume pump being stopped. Because the pneumatic transportation during this period is carried out under a constant pressure, the discharge pressure also becomes virtually constant; so that the coating liquid is discharged with a virtually constant flow rate from the front edge of the slit nozzle, and thereby a coated film with a uniform film thickness can be formed on the surface to be coated of the work.
Further, in a case where the motion device is configured in such a manner as to continuously convey a sheet-like work (web) at a constant speed, it is possible to carry out a roll-to-roll intermittent coating process while the sheet-like work is moved continuously. This makes it possible to shorten the tact time, and therefore productivity is increased.
According to the present invention, when transportation of a coating liquid by means of a pneumatic transportation device is forcibly stopped by a shutting action of a liquid supply valve, remnant of the coating liquid remaining at a front edge of a slit nozzle is sucked by operating a liquid suction means. Therefore, responsiveness at the end of a coating is improved without the need for a complicated control. This makes sure that a coated film is prevented from being spread or becoming uneven at a coating-end section, thereby reducing the occurrence of coating failures.
Additionally, in a case where a reversible pump which is the pump switchable between forward and reverse flow drives is used as the liquid suction means, when the transportation of the coating liquid by means of the pneumatic transportation device is resumed through an opening action of the liquid supply valve, deficiency in discharge pressure at the slit nozzle is compensated by driving the reversible pump for a forward flow. Therefore, responsiveness at the start of the coating can also be improved.
A coating apparatus of the present invention is configured in such a manner as to form a coated film of a predetermined length by supplying a coating liquid to a slit nozzle disposed facing a work, causing either one of the work and the slit nozzle to move relative to the other, and discharging the coating liquid onto a surface to be coated of the work from a front edge of the slit nozzle.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are explained, referring to the drawings.
The liquid supply path 10 is a pipe arrangement through which a coating liquid flows, and consists of two pipe arrangements of a first pipe arrangement 11 and a second pipe arrangement 12. In the embodiment, because a pneumatic transportation device is used as a principal liquid transporting means, the pipe arrangements 11, 12 constituting the liquid supply path 10 are preferably made of material(s) capable of withstanding a high pressure (several 10 kPa), so that Teflon (registered trademark) tubes are used, for example. In a case where the pressure increases (not smaller than 0.3 MPa), a steel pipe is preferably used. The first pipe arrangement 11 connects the coating liquid tank 23 to an inlet of the pump 40, and the second pipe arrangement 12 connects an outlet of the pump 40 to the slit nozzle 30.
The pneumatic transportation device 20 consists of, as an example, a compressor 21 that compresses the air, a pressure-proof pipe arrangement 22 through which a compressed air flows, and the coating liquid tank 23. The coating liquid tank 23 is an airtight container that receives the coating liquid. A downstream end of the pressure-proof pipe arrangement 22 is connected to the coating liquid tank 23 at a portion thereof above a surface of the coating liquid contained therein. An upstream end of the above-mentioned first pipe arrangement 11 is inserted into the coating liquid in the coating liquid tank 23.
The pressure-proof pipe arrangement 22 supplies the air compressed by the compressor 21 to the interior of the coating liquid tank 23, and applies a constant pressure to the coating liquid in the coating liquid tank 23. The coating liquid pressurized in the coating liquid tank 23 is pushed into the liquid supply path 10. With a constant pressure being steadily applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10 in a certain direction, the coating liquid is caused to be pneumatically transported through the liquid supply path 10 and to start being supplied to the slit nozzle 30. Here, by providing a pressure regulating valve (regulator) or the like on the outlet's side of the coating liquid tank 23, the pressure applied to the coating liquid may be adjusted to be precisely constant. In the present invention, the pneumatic transportation device 20 of this sort is used as the principal liquid transportation means.
The slit nozzle 30 is disposed most downstream in the direction of the flow of the coating liquid through the liquid supply path 10. The slit nozzle 30 virtually has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is disposed above the work W in such a manner that its lengthwise direction agrees with a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the work W. A front edge portion (lower edge portion) of the slit nozzle 30 is formed into a tapering off shape, having a slit-like discharge opening at its front edge. The slit nozzle 30 is disposed facing the work W with a predetermined gap between its discharge opening at the front edge and the work W; and with the coating liquid discharged from the discharge opening, the coated film is formed onto the work W.
The pump 40 is one example of the liquid suction means of the present invention. It is configured in such a manner as to be capable of applying a positive pressure and a negative pressure to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10. For the pump 40, a constant-volume pump that is switchable between forward and reverse flow drives such as piston pump or diaphragm pump is used, as an example. That is to say, a positive pressure is applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10 when the volume pump is driven for a forward flow, and a negative pressure is applied to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10 when the constant-volume pump is driven for a reverse flow. Directions of the pressure applied and a flow rate of the pump 40 are controlled by the control section 70.
The liquid supply valve 50 is disposed upstream from the pump 40 in the direction of flow of the coating liquid through the liquid supply path 10. In other words, the pump 40 is disposed downstream from the liquid supply valve 50 in the direction of flow of the coating liquid through the liquid supply path 10. In the embodiment, the liquid supply valve 50 is disposed in the first pipe arrangement 11. The pneumatic transportation of the coating liquid by means of the pneumatic transportation device 20 is stopped by a shutting action of the liquid supply valve 50. Opening and shutting of the liquid supply valve 50 is controlled by the control section 70.
The motion device 60 is configured in such a manner as to cause either one of the work W and the slit nozzle 30 to move relative to the other. In the embodiment, the motion device 60 is a device that moves the work W in relation to the slit nozzle 30 that is fixed. The motion device 60 is configured, for example, as a device that is provided with a rotationally driven winding roller 61 and a compliantly turned send-out roller 62 and that carries out continuously what is called a roll-to-roll conveyance of the work W at a constant speed by winding a sheet-like work (web) W that is wound and held around the winding roller 61 and the send-out roller 62 onto the winding roller 61.
The control section 70 is configured in such a manner as to control operations of the pump 40 and the liquid supply valve 50. The control section 70 consists of, as an example, a computer. In the present invention, it is the pump 40 and the liquid supply valve 50 that undergo changes in their operational states during an operation of the coating apparatus 1. Although the pneumatic transportation device 20 and the motion device 60 are also operated during the operation of the coating apparatus 1, these are not objects of control by the control section 70. The reason is that these maintain their steady states once their operations are started and their operational states are not changed.
Also, in the present invention, because the pump 40 is used supplementally while the pneumatic transportation device 20 is used as the principal liquid transportation means, necessary performance can be achieved with a small-volume pump. Because conditions to control in one coating operation are also few, a control mechanism can also be configured in a simple manner.
Subsequently, an operation of the coating apparatus 1 configured as above is explained, using
Because control details of a pressure supplied by the pneumatic transportation device, a timing for a start of driving and a flow rate of the pump change depending on the viscosity of the coating liquid used even when a coated film of the same length is formed, explanation will be made separately on the case of a coating liquid of low viscosity (1 to 10 cP) (
Firstly, explanation is made on the case where a coating liquid used is of low viscosity, using
Pressure supply to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10 by means of the pneumatic transportation device 20 is started by an opening action (0.3 sec. in time axis in
For comparison, shown in
After the driving of the pump 40 for the forward flow is stopped, discharge of the coating liquid is performed through the pneumatic transportation alone by means of the pneumatic transportation device 20. Because the discharge pressure becomes stable after reaching the specified value, a discharge flow rate also becomes stable; and thus a coated film of a uniform film thickness is obtained. The coating-middle section (refer to a hatched region in
The pressure supply to the coating liquid in the liquid supply path 10 by means of the pneumatic transportation device 20 is halted by a shutting action (1.3 sec. in time axis in
On the other hand, as shown in
When the discharge pressure becomes zero (1.35 sec. in the time axis in
In this manner, coated films each consisting of one coating-start section, one coating-middle section and one coating-end section are repeatedly formed onto a continuously conveyed work sandwiching each intermittent region in between.
Subsequently, using
As the viscosity of the coating liquid rises, response of the discharge pressure to the opening-shutting actions of the liquid supply valve 50 reduces. Then, in the coating-start section (section A), the pump 40 is caused to be driven for the forward flow at a predetermined flow velocity (0.8 mL/sec. in
This makes it possible to compensate the lowering of the response due to a high viscosity of the coating liquid by carrying out adjustments on a driving start timing and/or a flow rate of the pump 40 that is supplementally utilized at the coating-start section and the coating-end section without changing the moving rate of the motion device 60 or the timings of the opening-shutting actions of the liquid supply valve 50. Therefore, even when the viscosity of the coating liquid changes, it is made possible to form coated films of a constant quality continually without impairing productivity by means of the intermittent coating process.
Additionally, although, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the motion device 60 is configured in such a manner as to move the work W in relation to the slit nozzle 30, the slit nozzle 30 may be configured in such a manner as to move in relation to the work W with the slit nozzle 30 being supported by a flexible support member. However, when the slit nozzle 30 is moved, it is necessary at least to employ a flexible tube as the second pipe arrangement 12.
Then, the coating apparatus 1 according to this embodiment further includes a residual pressure removal means 80, as shown in
By providing the residual pressure removal valve 82 in the neighborhood of the slit nozzle 30, the removal of the residual pressure is performed more effectively. Also, by having the pipe arrangement 81 with a relatively large diameter (for example, a diameter of φ10 mm when the diameters of the pipe arrangements 11, 12 constituting the liquid supply path 10 are φ4-6 mm), effective removal of the residual pressure is enabled even in the case of the coating liquid of high viscosity. Moreover, by extending the pipe arrangement 81 vertically upward from the slit nozzle 30 and disposing the residual pressure removal valve right above the slit nozzle 30, it is also made possible to discharge the air accumulated in the slit nozzle 30 simultaneously with the removal of the residual pressure. The coating liquid produced by the removal of the residual pressure is collected into a drain bottle or the like. Because it is the coating liquid that has not been used yet, a saving of the coating liquid can be attempted if it is returned to the coating liquid tank 23 and recycled.
As to timings of operations of the liquid supply valve 50, the pump 40 and the residual pressure removal valve 82, as shown in
The above explanations of the embodiments are nothing more than illustrative in any respect, nor should be thought of as restrictive. Scope of the present invention is indicated by claims rather than the above embodiments. Further, it is intended that all changes that are equivalent to a claim in the sense and realm of the doctrine of equivalence be included within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is useful for an intermittent coating process in which coated films of a predetermined length are formed repeatedly onto a long-shaped work.
11 . . . first pipe arrangement
12 . . . second pipe arrangement
21 . . . compressor
22 . . . pressure-proof pipe arrangement
23 . . . coating liquid tank
61 . . . winding roller
62 . . . send-out roller
81 . . . pipe arrangement
82 . . . residual pressure removal valve
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-263220 | Dec 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/076803 | 10/17/2012 | WO | 00 |
