Modern electronic devices, such as personal computers, notebook computers, netbook computers, cell phones, smartphones, mobile internet devices, and so on, utilize radio modules to communicate over wireless networks. Often, such devices may include two radio modules, for example, a wireless local area network (WLAN) radio module operating in compliance with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, and a personal area network (PAN) radio module operating in compliance with a Bluetooth protocol. Wireless local area networks are certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance, and are typically referred to as Wi-Fi networks. Alternatively, a wireless wide area network (WWAN), such as a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) compliant network or a Third Generation (3G) compliant cellular network may be used in combination with a Bluetooth (BT) network. Users of these devices typically will operate both radios simultaneously, for example, by streaming music to the device via the WLAN network and listening to the streamed music with Bluetooth connected headphones.
Due to channel adjacency, simultaneous operation of WLAN and Bluetooth radio modules may result in collisions on the transmission medium, thereby causing interference and/or packet loss. One of the common approaches to mitigate such issues is by using a media access control (MAC) coordination interface, often referred to as “coexistence interface,” that attempts to coordinate the operation of the two radios in a manner that minimizes collisions by partitioning the medium usage between radios. Current coexistence interfaces are typically designed as point-to-point interfaces to coordinate between two distinct radio technologies. Such designs may differ by the semantics of the signals in the interface, and/or by the behavior of the MAC layer or higher network layer. For example, a Bluetooth radio should behave differently when working with different types of radios, for example using different parameters for voice calls depending on the technology with which it cooperates.
Increasingly, mobile devices are incorporating three or more radios into a single device which should be designed to coexist in a similar manner as a two-radio device. As multiple radios are, however, combined into single modules, the pin count for a multiple radio interface may be greater than desired for a practical module. Typically, a two-wire interface may be utilized to implement a coexistence interface between two unique radio modules. Adding a third radio module would then involve a four-wire interface, thereby leading to a higher pin count, especially as additional radio modules are added. Furthermore, routing complexity may increase with additional wires used in the coexistence interface. When trying to reduce the number of pins, it may become a challenge to have different semantics on the wires between the two or more interfaces. As a result, the wires cannot be easily combined using simple logic gates or the like. An additional challenge is controlling the direction of the signals. While a Wi-Fi-BT coexistence interface may have two wires with two signals going in opposite directions, a WiMAX-BT coexistence interface may have two wires going from the WiMAX module to the BT module with two signals going in the same direction. This means if a Wi-Fi and WiMAX combination module were provided, to share a wire that functions in different directions, the correct timing between the Wi-Fi and WiMAX combination module and the BT module would have to be accommodated to ensure that the wire is never being driven at both ends simultaneously which might cause electrical malfunctions and/or render a module non-functional.
Claimed subject matter is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. Such subject matter, however, may be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/or clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, if considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding and/or analogous elements.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subject matter. It will, however, be understood by those skilled in the art that claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and/or circuits have not been described in detail.
In the following description and/or claims, the terms coupled and/or connected, along with their derivatives, may be used. In particular embodiments, connected may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact with each other. Coupled may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical and/or electrical contact. Coupled, however, may also mean that two or more elements may not be in direct contact with each other, but yet may still cooperate and/or interact with each other. For example, “coupled” may mean that two or more elements do not contact each other but are indirectly joined together via another element or intermediate elements. Finally, the terms “on,” “overlying,” and “over” may be used in the following description and claims. “On,” “overlying,” and “over” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact with each other. “Over,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other. For example, “over” may mean that one element is above another element, but not contact each other and may have another element or elements in between the two elements. Furthermore, the term “and/or” may mean “and,” it may mean “or,” it may mean “exclusive-or,” it may mean “one,” it may mean “some, but not all,” it may mean “neither,” and/or it may mean “both,” although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In the following description and/or claims, the terms “comprise” and “include,” along with their derivatives, may be used and are intended as synonyms for each other.
Referring now to
In one or more embodiments, combination radio module 110 and Bluetooth radio module 116 may operate as follows. Typically, either one or the other of WiMAX radio module 112 and Wi-Fi radio module 114 may operate at a given time such that one module may be active and the other module may be shut off and/or in a standby state. The active radio module coordinates its operation with Bluetooth radio module 116 which may operate at the same time as the active one of WiMAX radio module 112 and Wi-Fi radio module 114. In some embodiments, however, all three radio modules may operate simultaneously or nearly simultaneously such that all three radio modules may be active at a given time, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Since WiMAX radio module 112 and Wi-Fi radio module 114 may be disposed together on a single combination radio module 110, coordination between the WiMAX radio module 112 and the Wi-Fi radio module 114 may be handled internally within the combination radio module 110. Regardless of which of the radio modules of the combination radio module 110 is active, however, coordination is made between combination radio module 110 and Bluetooth radio module 116 via external wires and pins on the respective modules. Typically, coordination allows simultaneous operation of at least one of the modules of combination radio module 110 and Bluetooth radio module 116, and further may involve four wires and four respective pins on each module. In such an arrangement, coordination between WiMAX radio module 112 and Bluetooth radio module 116 may involves a first set of two wires and two pins, and coordination between Wi-Fi radio module 114 and Bluetooth radio module may involve another set of two wires and two pins. As shown in the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In one or more embodiments, Wi-Fi radio module 114 and WiMAX radio module 112 may not be associated, i.e., active, although the association state may switch dynamically between the two modules. The Bluetooth radio module 116 detects which radio is associated at a given time, and then switches its operation mode accordingly, including interpretation of the interface semantics. In one or more embodiments, this detection of the associated radio module may be achieved by Bluetooth radio module 116 by monitoring FRAME_SYNC activity on line 124. Upon detection of a certain activity pattern or characteristic, for example, detection of a rising edge on the FRAME_SYNC signal, Bluetooth radio module 116 is capable of deducing that WiMAX radio module 112 is associated, in which case Bluetooth radio module 116 may switch to a WiMAX coexistence mode in response to the FRAME_SYNC signal characteristic. Such a deduction may be made since the FRAME_SYNC signal is utilized by WiMAX radio module 112, but not by Wi-Fi radio module 114. Likewise, detection of another pattern or characteristic in the FRAME_SYNC signal, for example, long inactivity of the signal on line 124 may imply that WiMAX is unassociated, and as a result Bluetooth radio module 116 should switch to Wi-Fi coexistence mode in response to the FRAME_SYNC signal characteristic. Further details regarding the coordination of the radio modules by coexistence controller 118 and by Bluetooth radio module 116 are shown in and described with respect to
Referring now to
Network 200 may further comprise a visited connectivity service network (CSN) 224 capable of providing one or more network functions including, but not limited to proxy- and/or relay-type functions, for example, authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) functions, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) functions, or domain name service controls or the like, domain gateways, such as public switched telephone network (PSTN) gateways or Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) gateways, and/or Internet Protocol (IP) type server functions, or the like. These are, however, merely example of the types of functions that are capable of being provided by visited CSN or home CSN 226, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. Visited CSN 224 may be referred to as a visited CSN in the case, for example, in which visited CSN 224 is not part of the regular service provider of subscriber station 216, for example, in which subscriber station 216 is roaming away from its home CSN, such as home CSN 226, or, for example, in which network 200 is part of the regular service provider of subscriber station, but in which network 200 may be in another location or state that is not the main or home location of subscriber station 216.
In a fixed wireless arrangement, WiMAX-type customer premises equipment (CPE) 222 may be located in a home or business to provide home or business customer broadband access to Internet 210 via base station 220, ASN 218, and home CSN 226 in a manner similar to access by subscriber station 216 via base station 214, ASN 212, and visited CSN 224, a difference being that WiMAX CPE 222 is generally disposed in a stationary location, although it may be moved to different locations as needed, whereas subscriber station may be utilized at one or more locations if subscriber station 216 is within range of base station 214, for example. WiMAX CPE 222 may likewise comprise electronic device 100 of
Referring now to
Mobile unit 310 may communicate with access point 322 via wireless communication link 332, in which access point 322 may include at least one antenna 320, transceiver 324, processor 326, and memory 328. In one embodiment, access point 322 may comprise an access point or wireless router of a wireless local or personal area network, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In an alternative embodiment, access point 322 and optionally mobile unit 310 may include two or more antennas, for example, to provide a spatial division multiple access (SDMA) system or a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) system, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Access point 322 may couple with network 330 so that mobile unit 310 may communicate with network 330, including devices coupled to network 330, by communicating with access point 322 via wireless communication link 332. Network 330 may include a public network, such as a telephone network or the Internet, or alternatively network 330 may include a private network, such as an intranet, or a combination of a public and a private network, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. Communication between mobile unit 310 and access point 322 may be implemented via a wireless local area network (WLAN), for example, a network compliant with a an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard, such as IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, HiperLAN-II, and so on, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect. In one or more embodiments, antenna 318 may be utilized in a wireless sensor network or a mesh network, although the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in this respect.
Referring now to
In the event WiMAX radio module 112 is not active, as determined at decision block 410, the frame sync signal will be idle at block 416. A determination may be made at decision block 418 if Wi-Fi radio module 114 is active. If not, coexistence controller will continue to monitor WiMAX radio module 112 and Wi-Fi radio module 114 to determine which one next becomes active. If Wi-Fi radio module 114 becomes active, Wi-Fi activity may be signaled on line 122 at block 420 via a channel data signal and/or a WLAN priority signal depending on the particular Wi-Fi-Bluetooth coexistence scheme being utilized. It should be noted that line 122 may be alternately utilized to signal to Bluetooth radio module 116 activity of WiMAX radio module 112 and Wi-Fi radio module. As a result, line 122 may be shared by both radio modules in combination radio module 110, rather than having a separate line for each of the radio modules for their respective coexistence schemes. As a result, the pin count in combination radio module 110 may be reduced at least from four to three to accommodate the coexistence schemes of both radio modules. It should be further noted that the signal direction on line 122 from both radio modules remains the same regardless of which radio module is active, so that direction-switching arrangements or circuits are not required. If Wi-Fi radio module 114 is associated and active, activity of Bluetooth radio module 116 may be monitored on line 120 at block 422 to implement a Wi-Fi-Bluetooth coexistence scheme. Activity on line 120 will continue to be monitored and interpreted when Wi-Fi radio module 114 is associated, however,. WiMAX radio module 112 does not necessarily need to monitor activity on line 120. Coexistence controller 118 of combination radio module 110 may continue to operate accordingly until Wi-Fi is no longer active, and method 400 may continue based on which of the radio modules is associated and active. Operation of Bluetooth radio module 116 is shown in and described with respect to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Information-handling system 600 may comprise one or more processors, such as processor 610 and/or processor 612, which may comprise one or more processing cores. One or more of processor 510 and/or processor 612 may couple to one or more memories 616 and/or 618 via memory bridge 614, which may be disposed external to processors 610 and/or 612, or alternatively at least partially disposed within one or more of processors 610 and/or 612.
Memory 616 and/or memory 618 may comprise various types of semiconductor-based memory, for example, volatile-type memory and/or nonvolatile-type memory. Memory bridge 614 may couple to a graphics system 620 to drive a display device (not shown) coupled to information-handling system 600.
Information-handling system 600 may further comprise input/output (I/O) bridge 622 to couple to various types of I/O systems. I/O system 624 may comprise, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) type system, an IEEE 1394 type system, or the like, to couple one or more peripheral devices to information-handling system 600. Bus system 626 may comprise one or more bus systems, such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) express type bus or the like, to connect one or more peripheral devices to information-handling system 600. A hard disk drive (HDD) controller system 628 may couple one or more hard disk drives or the like to information-handling system, for example Serial ATA type drives or the like, or alternatively a semiconductor-based drive comprising flash memory, phase-change, and/or chalcogenide-type memory or the like. Switch 630 may be utilized to couple one or more switched devices to I/O bridge 622, for example, Gigabit Ethernet type devices or the like. Furthermore, as shown in
Although the claimed subject matter has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it should be recognized that elements thereof may be altered by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and/or scope of claimed subject matter. It is believed that the subject matter pertaining to a coexistence interface for multiple radio modules using a reduced number of connections and/or many of its attendant utilities will be understood by the forgoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and/or arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and/or spirit of the claimed subject matter or without sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form herein before described being merely an explanatory embodiment thereof, and/or further without providing substantial change thereto. It is the intention of the claims to encompass and/or include such changes.
The present patent application is a continuation-in-part patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/327,838, filed Dec. 4, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,095,176 B2, issued Jan. 10, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12327838 | Dec 2008 | US |
Child | 12533088 | US |