Patent Application
20190304660
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application JP2018-64082 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Mar. 29, 2018, the entire contents of which being incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a coil component, electronic equipment including the coil component, a metallic magnetic powder used for the coil component, and a support apparatus that identifies an allowable upper limit value of the average particle size of the metallic magnetic powder.
There has been known a coil component which is an electronic component having a coil. For the coil components, there are known various kinds of configurations and in a Patent Document 1 (Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2006-319020), there is described a coil component in which a coil is embedded into a composite magnetic body molded by mixing a metallic magnetic powder and a binder resin. There can be realized a high resistivity by interposing the binder resin as an insulation material among the particles of the metallic magnetic powders and it is possible to obtain a high saturated magnetic flux density for the coil component.
On the other hand, for a DC-DC converter in the past, the switching frequency thereof was designed to be from around few-hundreds kHz to 2 MHz. In recent years, in order to obtain much higher efficiency, a Q characteristic, in which a high Q-value can be obtained in the switching frequency range, has been requested for the inductor (coil component).
On the other hand, in recent years, it has been studied to increase the switching frequency up to around 10 MHz. By increasing the switching frequency, it is possible to decrease the inductance value of the inductor used in the smoothing circuit of the converter and as the result thereof, significant miniaturization of the inductor can be achieved.
The composite magnetic body (metallic magnetic composite material) made by compounding the metallic magnetic powder and the binder resin has such a characteristic that the loss increases rapidly as the operating frequency becomes high-frequency. For this reason, the composite magnetic body has such a serious defect that the loss of the inductor becomes extremely large at high-frequency values of the switching frequency, that the Q-value decreases rapidly, and that the efficiency of the DC-DC converter is greatly spoiled.
The present invention was invented in view of the abovementioned problem and provides: a coil component in which it is possible to obtain a high saturated magnetic flux density and also to obtain a high Q-value even in a high frequency region of the switching frequency; electronic equipment including such a coil component; and a metallic magnetic powder used for such a coil component.
Prior to the completion of the present invention, the inventors of the present invention intensively studied the cause of the loss with regard to the metallic magnetic composite material. As the result thereof, there was discovered the fact that a hysteresis loss of the magnetic powder, which is proportional to the frequency, becomes dominant in the frequency range of a few MHz or less, and an eddy current loss thereof, which is proportional to the square of the frequency, becomes dominant in the high frequency range equal to or more than the above. Such an eddy current loss is not large for a ferrite, which is an electrical insulator, within the materials used for a general magnetic core, but is a large loss for the metallic magnetic material which is an electrical conductor.
In general, there are two modes for the eddy current loss in the metallic magnetic composite material, in which one of them is a loss (inter-particle eddy current loss) caused by an eddy current flowing between metallic magnetic powder particles and the other of them is a loss (intra-particle eddy current loss) caused by an eddy current generated inside the individual single metallic magnetic powder particles. Then, for the metallic magnetic composite material, it is possible to secure the inter-particle insulation by the insulating surface-treatment of the metallic magnetic powder, or by the compounded binder-resin therefore, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the inter-particle eddy current loss. Then, the inventors of the present invention, etc. hypothesized that the intra-particle eddy current loss would increase at high-frequency values of the switching frequency and accordingly the Q-value would decrease drastically, and there were carried out various kinds of experiments and verifications in order to substantiate such a hypothesis.
Then, the inventors of the present invention, etc. provided various kinds of metallic magnetic material powders having different electrical-resistivities, in addition, prepared the metallic magnetic powders which have different average particle sizes depending on the particle-classification, experimentally created inductors by using those powders, and there were carried out measurements of the Q-values for respective frequencies. Then, surprisingly, it was understood that it is possible, by setting the average particle size of the metallic magnetic powder so as to satisfy the following formula (1), to preferably suppress the intra-particle eddy current loss for a wide frequency range in a high frequency region and also for the metallic magnetic materials having many kinds of electrical-resistivities.
More specifically, the present invention discloses a coil component including a coil formed by winding an insulation-coated wire, and a composite magnetic body having the coil embedded therein, wherein the composite magnetic body contains: a metallic magnetic powder made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material and a binder resin; and wherein the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder satisfies the following formula (1):
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1)
however, it should be noted therein that (Fmax) is upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] at which Q-value starts decreasing beyond the maximum value in a case of increasing the frequency applied to the coil component, and that “ρ” is electrical-resistivity [μΩ·cm] of the metallic magnetic material.
In addition, one configuration of the present invention discloses electronic equipment including: the coil component; a switching element whose switching frequency is 1 MHz or more; and a circuit board including a switching circuit equipped with the coil component and the switching element.
In addition, one configuration of the present invention discloses a metallic magnetic powder which is made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material and which is used for the coil component, wherein the average particle size D50[μm] thereof satisfies the following formula (1):
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1)
In addition, one configuration of the present invention discloses a support apparatus that identifies an allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size D50[μm] of a metallic magnetic powder which has a predetermined electrical-resistivity (ρ[μΩ·cm]) and which is used for a composite magnetic body embedded with a coil including: a storage unit which is stored with information expressing the following formula (3):
D
MAX=2.192×(applied-frequency)−0.518×ρ0.577 (3);
an input unit which accepts an input having electrical-resistivity (ρ) and having applied-frequency; a reference unit which reads out the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder by referring to the storage unit and by substituting the electrical-resistivity and the applied-frequency, which were inputted, for the formula (3); and an output unit which outputs the allowable upper limit value (DMAX), which was read out.
According to the coil component and the electronic equipment which relate to the present invention, the intra-particle eddy current loss in the high frequency band can be suppressed for the composite magnetic body which can obtain a high saturated magnetic flux density. For that reason, in the case of using the coil component of the present invention for a DC-DC converter, it is possible to obtain a high Q-value even for a high switching frequency, by which a high converter efficiency can be realized. In addition, according to the metallic magnetic powder of the present invention, it is possible to realize the abovementioned coil component by a configuration in which the composite magnetic body is created by mixing the binder resin and is used for a magnetic core.
Hereinafter, there will be explained an exemplified embodiment of the present invention.
First, there will be explained a coil component 100 including a composite magnetic body 20 which is created by using the metallic magnetic powder of the present invention.
The coil component 100 is an electronic component which includes a coil 15 and in which the coil 15 generates inductance by supplying power to a terminal portion 16, and for the electronic component, there can be cited various kinds of magnetic elements which include magnetic cores. Specifically, there can be cited a coil (including choke coil), an inductor, a noise filter, a reactor, a motor, a generator, a transformer, an antenna, or the like. In particular, the coil component 100 of the present exemplified embodiment is preferably used for an inductor which constitutes a DC-DC converter.
For the present exemplified embodiment, the coil component 100, in which a wire of a single flat wire is wound edgewise, is illustrated by an example, but it is allowed to use a round wire as the wire, and in addition, there is no limitation in particular for the number of the wires or the number of turns. The coil component 100 includes the coil 15 made by winding an insulation-coated wire and the composite magnetic body 20 embedded with that coil 15. The wording “the composite magnetic body 20 is embedded with the coil” means that the composite magnetic body 20 covers at least a portion of the wound portion of the wire.
The coil 15 is mounted on the magnetic core 12 to constitute the coil-assembly body 10. The composite magnetic body 20 includes a metallic magnetic powder made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material and a binder resin, in which the composite magnetic body 20 is a magnetic exterior body covering the coil-assembly body 10. It is allowed for the composite magnetic body 20 to be filled in the gaps between the mutually neighboring loops of the wound wire constituting the coil 15.
The magnetic core 12 is provided with a plate-shaped portion 13 and a core portion 14 which rises from this plate-shaped portion 13, in which the plate-shaped portion 13 and the core portion 14 are integrally formed by a single material. The magnetic core 12 is a ferrite core formed by baking ferrite or a dust core formed by compressing and molding magnetic powders. For the magnetic powders of the dust core, it is possible to use magnetic powders in which iron (Fe) is made to be the main component and in which silicone (Si) and chromium (Cr) are added respectively in a ratio of 1 wt % or more and also of 10 wt % or less. From the viewpoint of reducing core loss, it is also allowed to use metallic magnetic powders formed by mixing the aforesaid magnetic powders and amorphous metals. For the amorphous metal, it is possible to use a carbon containing amorphous metal in which iron (Fe) is made to be the main component, in which silicone (Si) and chromium (Cr) are contained respectively in a ratio of 1 wt % or more and also of 10 wt % or less, and in addition, in which carbon (C) is contained in a ratio of 0.1 wt % or more and also of 5 wt % or less.
For the coil component 100 illustrated in
It should be noted that the coil component 100 shown in
Hereinafter, there will be explained the composite magnetic body 20 embedded with the coil 15 in detail. The composite magnetic body 20 contains at least a metallic magnetic powder made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material, and a binder resin.
The composite magnetic body 20 of the present exemplified embodiment forms a substantially rectangular parallelepiped and embeds the whole core portion 14 composed of the coil 15 and the magnetic core 12. However, the shape of the composite magnetic body 20 can be designed arbitrarily and is not to be limited by the substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
There will be explained the metallic magnetic powder.
There is no limitation for the metallic magnetic powder in particular if it is a magnetic powder in which iron is made to be the main component and, for example, it is possible to use an alloy which contains iron as its main component and which is added, for its sub-components, with at least one or more kinds of metallic materials selected from the group composed of nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al). In addition, it is allowed to use an amorphous metallic powder. Specifically, it is possible to cite alloys such as Fe—Si-based alloy, Fe—Al-based alloy, sendust (Fe—Si—Al-based) alloy and permalloy (Ni—Fe-based) alloy; a non-crystalline metal such as an amorphous metal; a crystalline iron powder such as a carbonyl iron powder; and the like.
It is preferable for the iron containing ratio in the metallic magnetic powder to be 90 wt % or more and it is more preferable to be 92 wt % or more. In addition, it is preferable for the iron containing ratio to be 98 wt % or less and it is more preferable to be 97 wt % or less.
It is preferable that the metallic magnetic powder contains at least one of sub-components as mentioned above, in which the remaining portion thereof is composed of iron and inevitable impurities.
It is preferable for the metallic magnetic powder to contain Ni by 2 wt % to 10 wt % and it is more preferable to contain it by 3 wt % to 8 wt %. Ni is combined with oxygen in the atmosphere and creates chemically stable oxide. The Ni oxide is excellent in the corrosion resistance, in addition thereto, the resistivity thereof is large, and therefore, by the fact that Ni-oxide layer is formed in the vicinity of the surface of the particle constituting the composite magnetic body 20, it is possible to insulate between particles more reliably and it is possible to suppress the inter-particle eddy current loss. Therefore, by setting the Ni containing ratio within the abovementioned range, it is possible to obtain a metallic magnetic composite material in which the corrosion resistance is excellent, concurrently, in which it is possible to manufacture a coil component whose eddy current loss is smaller.
For similar reasons, it is preferable for the metallic magnetic powder to contain Cr by 2 wt % to 10 wt % and it is more preferable to contain it by 3 wt % to 8 wt %. In addition, it is preferable for the metallic magnetic powder to contain Al by 2 wt % to 10 wt % and it is more preferable to contain it by 3 wt % to 8 wt %.
It is preferable for the metallic magnetic powder to contain Si by 2 wt % to 10 wt % and it is more preferable to contain by 3 wt % to 8 wt %. Si is a component which can heighten the permeability of the electronic component obtained by using the metallic magnetic powder. In addition, when the metallic magnetic powder contains Si, the resistivity thereof is heightened and therefore, Si is also a component which can suppress the inter-particle eddy current loss. Therefore, by setting the Si containing ratio within the abovementioned range, it is possible to obtain a metallic magnetic composite material which can manufacture a coil component whose eddy current loss is smaller while whose permeability can be increased.
Other than the main component and the sub-components as mentioned above, it is allowed for the metallic magnetic powder to contain, as a component whose containing ratio is smaller than those of the sub-components, to contain at least one kind of component selected from: B (boron), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Mn (manganese), Co (cobalt), Cu (copper), Ga (gallium), Ge (germanium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Ru (ruthenium), Rh (rhodium), Ta (tantalum), and the like. In that case, it is preferable to set the total containing ratio of these components to be 1 wt % or less.
In addition, it is allowed for the metallic magnetic powder to contain a component such as P (phosphorus), S (sulfur) or the like which is to be mixed inevitably in the manufacturing process thereof. In that case, it is preferable to set the total containing ratio of these components to be 1 wt % or less.
A preferable particle size of the metallic magnetic powder will be described in detail later on.
It is preferable to use the metallic magnetic powder, which is manufactured by water atomization method or by gas atomization method.
The water atomization method is a method of manufacturing a metallic powder by micronizing and also cooling molten metal under a situation in which the molten metal (metal which was molten) is made to collide with high-speed jetted water (atomized water). The metallic magnetic powder manufactured by the water atomization method is oxidized at its surface in the manufacturing process thereof and an oxide layer containing iron oxide is formed naturally. The gas atomization method is a method of forming a metallic powder by powderizing and solidifying the molten metal under a situation in which jet air current such as inert gas, air or the like is sprayed onto the molten-metal flow from the surroundings thereof. With regard to the metallic magnetic powder manufactured by the water atomization method or gas atomization method, the shape thereof becomes close to a spherical shape and therefore, it is possible to increase the filling rate of the metallic magnetic powder for the composite magnetic body 20.
In order to suppress the intra-particle eddy current loss, it is allowed to apply an insulation coating onto the surface of the metallic magnetic powder. For the insulation coating, it is possible to preferably use a powder coating such as a silica coating, an alumina coating or the like.
With regard to the composite magnetic body 20, it is preferable to set the containing ratio of the metallic magnetic powder to be 90 wt % to 99 wt % and it is more preferable to set to be 92 wt % to 98 wt %.
There will be explained the binder resin.
There is no limitation for the binder resin in particular if it plays a role as a binder, and there can be cited thermosetting resins such as a silicone-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a phenol-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, a polyimide-based resin, a polyphenylenesulfide-based resin and the like, in addition, there can be cited thermoplastic resins such as polyvinylalcohol, polystyrene, Polyethylene, polycarbonate and the like. In particular, the silicone-based resin or the epoxy-based thermosetting resin is preferable. It is allowed for the binder resin to be a solid powder and it is also allowed to be a liquid.
It is preferable for the contained amount of the binder resin for the material of the present invention to be an amount satisfying a condition in which the calculated value of ((contained amount (weight) of the binder resin)/((contained amount (weight) of the binder resin)+(contained amount (weight) of the metallic magnetic powder))×100) becomes 1 wt % to 10 wt %, it is more preferable to be an amount satisfying a condition in which the calculated value becomes 2 wt % to 8 wt %, and it is still more preferable to be an amount satisfying a condition in which the calculated value becomes around 4.0 wt %.
If the contained amount of the binder resin for the material of the present invention lies in such a range, it is possible to obtain a composite magnetic body 20 in which since the metallic magnetic powder is extremely hard to rust, the electrical characteristic is hard to deteriorate, and also, in which a coil component excellent in strength can be obtained.
It is also allowed for the composite magnetic body 20 to contain an organic metal soap for an additional component in a case in which the binder resin is a thermosetting resin. It is preferable for the organic metal soap to be a soap in which the melting point thereof is equal to or less than the thermosetting temperature of the binder resin and also in which Na (sodium) or K (potassium) is not contained.
At the time when preparing the composite magnetic body 20, there is used, if necessary, a solvent for dissolving the binder resin. For the solvent, there can be illustrated, by an example, organic solvents such as alcohol, toluene, chloroform, methylethylketone, acetone, ethylacetate and the like.
It is allowed for the composite magnetic body 20 to be a body which is granulated. For the granulation method, it is possible to apply a method, publicly known in the past, such as kneading granulation method, pelletizing method or the like. In addition, it is allowed for the composite magnetic body 20 to be a body which is applied with particle-classification. For the particle-classification method, for example, there can be cited dry particle-classification such as sieve particle-classification, inertial particle-classification or centrifugal particle-classification; wet particle-classification such as sedimentation particle-classification; or the like.
In order to suppress the intra-particle eddy current loss and to realize the high Q-value, the inventors of the present invention analyzed the Q-F characteristic (relation between applied-frequency and Q-value) of an inductor (coil component).
Next, there was investigated the relation between the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder which is used for the composite magnetic body embedded with the inductor coil and the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax[MHz]). Specifically, by providing six different types of metallic magnetic materials, the electrical-resistivity (ρ[μΩ·cm]) was changed in six ways, and each metallic magnetic material was powderized by the water atomization method. Then, further by using the air particle-classification method, the respective metallic magnetic powders each having own electrical-resistivity were adjusted into 10 or more powders in which the average particle sizes (D50) thereof are different within 1 μm to 30 μm.
It should be noted that the wording “average particle size (D50)” in the present specification means “grain diameter at the integrated value 50% for the grain-size distribution” which was obtained by using a particle-size distribution measuring apparatus depending on laser diffraction & scattering method (micro-track method). For the specific measurement equipment, it is possible to cite LA-960 (made by Horiba, Ltd.) which is a laser diffraction & scattering type particle size distribution (grain-size distribution) measuring apparatus. In addition, the wording “electrical-resistivity of metallic magnetic powder” means resistivity calculated from the resistance value which is measured by making the bulk metallic magnetic material before the powderizing as a sample. More specifically, in the present specification, the electrical-resistivity of the metallic magnetic material and the electrical-resistivity of the metallic magnetic powder have same meanings as each other.
The metallic magnetic powders with electrical-resistivity (ρ=10[μΩ·cm]), which are shown in the following “Table 1”, are powders obtained by using Fe simple substances. Then, the metallic magnetic powders with the electrical-resistivities (ρ=40, 67, 85, 104, 123 [μΩ·cm]) are powders using Fe50Ni alloy, Fe4Cr3Si alloy, Fe10Si5Al alloy, Fe10Cr3Al alloy and Fe19Cr3Al alloy, respectively (where the number preceding the Ni, Cr, Si and Al indicates the weight percent of these substances present in the respective alloys, the remainder in each case being Fe).
Then, with regard to each of the abovementioned classified powders, a thermosetting type epoxy resin is mixed as a binder resin so as to become a contained amount of 4.0 wt % and further, methylethylketone (MEK) is added and mixed as a solvent, and the whole thereof is stirred sufficiently by a self-revolving type mixer. Thereafter, the solvent is removed while stirred and there was obtained the composite magnetic body by granulating the powder into a granulated shape, which has a grain size of 300 μm or less. By using the created granulation powder of the composite magnetic body, a rectangular parallelepiped inductor element (coil component) having 6 mm-square and 3 mm-height was created in the following manner.
More specifically, a coil of 2.5 turns was created by using an insulation-coated copper wire (round wire) having wire diameter 0.5 mm, and this coil was set in the inside of a mold inserted with a lower punch. At that time, the both ends (coil end-portions) of the copper wire which constitutes the coil were pulled out from the wound portion and were exposed toward the outside of the mold. Thereafter, the abovementioned granulation powder of approximately 0.5 g was put into the mold and after setting the upper punch, the composite magnetic body was press-molded together with the coil by the pressure of 3 to 8 [ton/cm2] to form a coil molded-body. The molding condition was set such that every one of the powders was created by being prepared such that the space factor of the metallic magnetic powder within the whole volume of the coil molded-body becomes 70 vol %.
After the press molding, the coil molded-body was taken out from the mold, this body was heat-treated at 150° C. for two hours, and there was carried out a thermosetting processing for the thermosetting type epoxy resin which is the binder resin. Thereafter, a plated pair of copper electrodes were bonded onto the coil component and further, the both end-portions of the coil exposed from the composite magnetic body were respectively soldered onto those copper electrodes to form an inductor element (coil component).
With regard to the created inductor element, there was carried out observation of the Q-value for every applied-frequency by using a HP4294A (Impedance Analyzer made by “Keysight Technologies”). Then, there was measured the frequency at which the Q-value shows the maximum value (Qmax) and there was measured the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) which lies on the high frequency side compared with the aforesaid frequency, and at which the Q-value decreases as much as 6% from the Qmax. As a result thereof, it was understood, for every value of electrical-resistivity (ρ), that for the inductor element, as the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder increases, the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) decreases. In other words, it was understood, in a case in which the electrical-resistivity (ρ) is constant, that the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) of the inductor element decreases monotonically along with the increase in the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder of the composite magnetic body.
Next, based on the relational formula between the abovementioned average particle size (D50) and the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax), there was found out the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder for every electrical-resistivity (ρ) in such a condition that the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) of the inductor element becomes 10 MHz, 7 MHz, 5 MHz, 3 MHz, 1 MHz. The result thereof is shown in “Table 1”.
In a case of an inductor element which uses, for example, a metallic magnetic powder, whose electrical-resistivity (ρ) is 10 [μΩ·cm], for the composite magnetic body, “Table 1” means that the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder, in which the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) becomes 10 MHz, was 2 μm. Similarly, in a case of the metallic magnetic powder whose electrical-resistivity (ρ) is 10 [μΩ·cm], the average particle sizes (D50) in which the upper limit operation-frequencies (Fmax) became 7 MHz, 5 MHz, 3 MHz and 1 MHz were 3 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm and 8 μm respectively.
Then, in the case of setting the electrical-resistivities (ρ) to be 40, 67, 85, 104 and 123 [μΩ·cm] by making the materials of the metallic magnetic powders different as mentioned above, the average particle sizes (D50[μm]), in which the upper limit operation-frequencies (Fmax) of the inductor element became 10 MHz, 7 MHz, 5 MHz, 3 MHz and 1 MHz, respectively became the numerical values shown in “Table 1”.
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1a)
More specifically, it was understood surprisingly that it is possible, for a wide high frequency region ranging from 1 MHz to 10 MHz, to define the average particle sizes (D50) of the metallic magnetic powders, which correctly realize the upper limit operation-frequencies (Fmax), according to the common formula (1a).
Then, it can be said that this phenomenon is confirmed and substantiated in such a wide range in which as shown in “Table 1”, the electrical-resistivities (ρ) of the metallic magnetic powders lie at least between 10[μΩ·cm] or more and 140 [μΩ·cm] or less. There is a case in which the coefficient and the index on the right side of the above formula (1a) slightly change depending on various kinds of parameters relied upon such as the material of the binder resin; the abovementioned space factor of the metallic magnetic powder; the setting of making the frequency as the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) depending on how much percentage the Q-value thereof decreases from the Qmax; the wire diameter; the number of turns of the coil; and the like, but the variation ranges thereof are narrow and it is practically possible for the abovementioned average particle size (D50) to be expressed by the above formula (1a) which is formed by making the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) and the electrical-resistivity (ρ) as two variables.
Here,
From the result of
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1).
However, it should be noted therein that (Fmax) is upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] at which Q-value starts decreasing beyond the maximum value in the case of increasing the frequency applied to the coil component, and that “ρ” is electrical-resistivity [μΩ·cm] of the metallic magnetic material. Then, by the fact that the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder satisfies the abovementioned formula (1), it is possible for the coil component (inductor element) to realize the “Qmax equivalent value”.
Then, the metallic magnetic powder of the present invention is a metallic magnetic powder which is used for the composite magnetic body embedding the coil in the abovementioned coil component and which is made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material, and the metallic magnetic powder is characterized by satisfying the abovementioned formula (1).
The coil component provided by the present invention is preferably used for an inductor element constituting a DC-DC converter. Then, this inductor element suppresses the intra-particle eddy current loss and realizes a high Q-value (Qmax equivalent value) even in a high frequency band and therefore, it is preferably used in particular for an embodiment in which the applied-frequency lies in a high frequency band. Here, the wording “high frequency band” means 1 MHz or more. More specifically, it is possible for the coil component provided by the present invention to raise the upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] thereof up to 1 MHz or more. In addition, it is allowed to raise the upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] up to 10 MHz or more.
It is possible for the inductor element which is a coil component of the present exemplified embodiment to be used for electronic equipment. More specifically, the electronic equipment provided by the present invention is provided with: a coil component embedding a coil by a composite magnetic body which includes a metallic magnetic powder having the average particle size (D50) satisfying the abovementioned formula (1) and a binder resin; a switching element whose switching frequency is 1 MHz or more; and a circuit board including a switching circuit equipped with those of the coil component and the switching element. It is possible, depending on such a constitution above, to restore a DC current again by employing a configuration in which a DC current inputted to the electronic equipment is fractionized to obtain a pulse current by the switching element, then, this pulse current is voltage-converted to a desired voltage by the coil component (inductor element) and thereafter is rectified by a rectifier; by employing another similar configuration; or the like. Then, even if the switching frequency is a high frequency such as 1 MHz or more, it is possible to suppress the intra-particle eddy current loss in the inductor element and to carry out the DC-DC voltage conversion at a high Q-value.
For the switching element, it is possible to use a well-known element such as a transistor, a MOS-FET or the like. It is possible for the switching frequency implemented by the switching element to employ 1 MHz or more as mentioned above and it is also possible to employ 10 MHz or more.
Here, it is preferable to employ a configuration in which the higher the switching frequency for the switching element, the smaller the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder of the composite magnetic body embedding the coil is made. Thus, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the intra-particle eddy current loss which is generated in the case of supplying the coil component (inductor element) with a pulse current fractionized into the aforesaid switching frequency.
Therefore, for the coil component equipped in the electronic equipment which is provided by the present invention, it is preferable to make the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder of the composite magnetic body smaller than the upper limit particle size DMAX[μm] defined by the following formula (2) in which the switching frequency and the switching element are made to be variables. This formula (2) is a formula obtained by substituting the switching frequency of the switching element for the upper limit operation-frequency (Fmax) on the right side of the abovementioned formula (1a), and more specifically, it is expressed as follows:
D
MAX=2.192×(switching frequency)−0.518×ρ0.577 (2).
The upper limit particle size DMAX expressed by the abovementioned formula (2) is an upper limit value of the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder (however, whose electrical-resistivity is (ρ)) for a condition in which the inductor element applied with an AC voltage having a certain switching frequency shows the “Qmax equivalent value”.
For example, when referring to the example shown in
As described above, according to the present invention, there can be provided a support apparatus which identifies an allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size D50[μm] of a metallic magnetic powder which has a predetermined electrical-resistivity (ρ[μΩ·cm]) and which is used for the composite magnetic body embedded with a coil.
This support apparatus is an apparatus which supports the creation of the coil component by identifying the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder of the coil component for realizing the “Qmax equivalent value”. Then, this support apparatus includes a storage unit, an input unit, a reference unit, and an output unit.
In the storage unit, there is stored the information expressing the following formula (3) which is obtained by substituting the applied-frequency of the AC voltage which is applied to the coil component for the switching frequency on the right side of the abovementioned formula (2):
D
MAX=2.192×(applied-frequency)−0.518×ρ0.577 (3).
The input unit is an interface which receives from users the information expressing the electrical-resistivity (ρ) and the applied-frequency.
The reference unit is a means which refers to the abovementioned storage unit and reads out the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder by substituting the electrical-resistivity and the applied-frequency, which are inputted to the input unit, for the abovementioned formula (3).
Then, the output unit is a means outputting the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) which is read out by the reference unit.
For the support apparatus of the present exemplified embodiment, it is possible, so as to be able to execute the corresponding-processing operations by reading computer programs, to implement a configuration in which there is used a hardware built by general-purpose devices such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), an I/F (Interface) unit and the like; there is used a dedicated logic circuit which is built so as to execute predetermined processing-operations; there is used a combination of those above; or the like.
Specifically, the storage unit is a storage device such as of a RAM and the like, in which there is stored the information expressing the function format and each coefficient of the abovementioned formula (3). Besides the above, it is also allowed for the storage unit to store the formula (3) in a table format formed by two variables of the applied-frequency and the electrical-resistivity (ρ). The input unit is an input I/F unit such as a keyboard or the like and the output unit is an output I/F unit such as a display or the like. The reference unit is realized as a function of a CPU.
However, for the various kinds of constituents of the support apparatus, it is enough if they are to be constituted so as to realize the functions thereof, and it is possible for the constituents to be realized, for example, by the configurations of: a dedicated hardware exerting a predetermined function; a data processing device assigned with a predetermined function by a computer program; a predetermined function realized in a data processing device by a computer program; and an arbitrary combination of those above; and the like. Then, it is not necessary for the various kinds of constituents of the support apparatus to be individually independent existences and it is allowed to employ such a configuration in which one constituent is a portion of another constituent, in which a portion of a certain constituent is overlapped with a portion of another constituent, or the like.
According to the support apparatus of the present exemplified embodiment, from the applied-frequency to the created coil component 100 and the electrical-resistivity of the used metallic magnetic powder, it is possible to calculate the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size (D50) of the aforesaid metallic magnetic powder. On the other hand, if making the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder too small, the process of microparticulating the metallic powder by the water atomizing method or the like becomes complicated and in addition, there is such a problem that liquidity of the composite magnetic body is lowered and formability thereof becomes inferior, and the like. Therefore, it is preferable for the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder to be equal to or less than the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) and to be equal to or more than 50% of the aforesaid allowable upper limit value (DMAX), and it is more preferable to be equal to or more than 70%, and it is still more preferable to be equal to or more than 80%. By employing the average particle size (D50) having such a numerical-value range, it is possible to obtain a high Q-value for the inductor element and also, it is possible to manufacture such an inductor element easily and also stably. Then, by employing a configuration in which the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder is equal to or more than 70% and equal to or less than 100% of the allowable upper limit value (DMAX), it is possible, even in the case of selecting any numerical value within the aforesaid ranges, to adjust the average particle size (D50) of the metallic magnetic powder by a common particle-classification process.
There is no limitation in particular for the manufacturing method of the coil component 100 in the present exemplified embodiment and it is possible to employ many kinds of manufacturing methods. Hereinafter, there will be explained a plurality of embodiments of the manufacturing method.
In this method, first, there is prepared a winding coil composed of a rectangular wire or a round wire. For the coil, it is possible to use a coil constituted by a wound portion, which is formed by winding a wire, (refer to coil 15:
On the other hand, there is prepared metallic magnetic powder having substantially spherical shape, which is created by miniaturizing a metallic magnetic material depending on granulation method such as water atomization method, gas atomization, or the like. At that time, by referring to the abovementioned formula (3), the allowable upper limit value (DMAX), which is determined based on the electrical-resistivity (ρ) of the metallic magnetic material and the applied-frequency of the coil component, is calculated beforehand. Then, the miniaturized metallic magnetic powder is particle-classified and the metallic magnetic powder is prepared such that the average particle size (D50) thereof becomes the abovementioned allowable upper limit value (DMAX) or less. Next, a binder material and, if necessary, a solvent are added to and mixed with this metallic magnetic powder, and the composite magnetic body which is dried or the composite magnetic body which is pasty will be prepared. It should be noted that there is no limitation in particular for the order of additions of the metallic magnetic powder, the binder resin and the solvent. It is allowed for the abovementioned mixing to employ a kneading granulation. In addition, it is also allowed to employ the particle-classification after the mixing. For the method of the particle-classification, there can be cited such as, for example, dry particle-classification such as sieve particle-classification, inertial particle-classification and a centrifugal particle-classification; sedimentation particle-classification such as wet particle-classification; and the like.
The coil is placed in the inside of a mold for a normal-temperature press machine and the composite magnetic body is put into the mold from the opening thereof so as to embed the wound portion of the coil. However, the both end-portions of the winding wire are arranged to be exposed from the composite magnetic body.
Next, from the both sides or either one side of the up/down sides of the mold, the pressure of, for example, 1 to 5 [ton/cm2] is applied against the composite magnetic body and the coil inside the mold by using a movable punch (press head). Thus, the composite magnetic body is compressed and the composite magnetic body and the coil portion are integrated.
Thereafter, the abovementioned integrated coil portion is taken out from the mold, and the binder resin is cured, if necessary, by passing through the thermosetting-process. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes of such as polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
It is possible to employ a process common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1).
In this process, similarly as the abovementioned process in the item (1-2), the coil and the metallic magnetic material are integrated. Specifically, it is possible to employ the following process (A) or process (B).
(A) The coil is put into the heated mold of the press machine, and the dried powdery or pasty composite magnetic body which is prepared by the process in the item (2-1) is put into there from the above side thereof. Next, from the both sides or either one side of the up/down sides of the mold, the pressure of 10 [kg/cm2] to 1 [ton/cm2] is applied against the composite magnetic body and the coil in the mold by using a movable press head and thus, those above are integrated. In the case of using a thermosetting resin for a binder resin contained in the composite magnetic body, it is excellent to employ a configuration in which first, the thermosetting resin is heated and softened at a temperature equal to or less than the thermosetting temperature and also equal to or more than the softening temperature and in this situation, a press molding for integration is carried out and after the molding, the composite magnetic body and the coil are heated at a temperature equal to or more than the thermosetting temperature.
(B) The dried powdery or pasty composite magnetic body which is prepared in the item (2-1) is put into the heated mold of the press machine and next, the coil is put into the inside of the mold so as to be laid onto the composite magnetic body thereof. The process thereafter is common with that of the abovementioned item (A).
According to the process of the item (2-2), there can be obtained such an advantage that the required press power becomes much lower than the pressure load of (Embodiment 1) in the compression-molding and therefore damage to the coil occurs less often.
In the case of using a thermoplastic resin for the binder resin which is contained in the composite magnetic body or in the case of using a thermosetting resin for the binder resin and taking out the composite magnetic body from the mold before the thermosetting thereof, the mold is cooled to a temperature equal to or less than the softening temperature of the binder resin. Thereafter, the coil component in which the composite magnetic body and the coil are integrated is taken out from the mold. In the case of using a thermosetting resin for the binder resin and curing it thermally in the inside of the mold, it is possible to take out the coil component from the mold without the cooling. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes such as polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
It is possible to employ a process common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1).
The dried composite magnetic body or the pasty composite magnetic body, which was prepared, is put into a screw machine of an injection molding machine and is stirred in a heated condition and made to be in a state like a slurry. Next, the abovementioned coil is placed in the inside of the mold (cavity) of the injection molding and the mold is tightened. Next, the abovementioned slurry-like composite magnetic body whose liquidity is excellent is injected into the inside of the mold through a gate (opening) of the mold by a high injection pressure and this state is held for a while, and the composite magnetic body is cured.
Thereafter, the coil component in which the coil and the composite magnetic body are integrated is taken out from the mold. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes such as polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
It is possible to employ a process common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1). However, it is allowed for the composite magnetic body to be formed in a pellet shape in order to let each of the composite magnetic bodies has the same weight.
First, the abovementioned coil is placed in the inside of the mold (cavity) and the mold is tightened. Next, the composite magnetic body, which was once heated and softened in the plunger, is forced into the heated cavity through a flow channel such as a gate or the like, and it is molded and cured.
It is possible to employ a process common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (3-3).
This process is almost common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1). However, the composite magnetic body has strong plasticity and is to be prepared into a clay state so as to be deformed in response to pressure and therefore, there will be added an organic solvent such as diethylphthalate or the like as a plasticizer. The prepared clay-like composite magnetic body is formed in a block shape or in a sheet shape. The clay-like composite magnetic body has a characteristic that there is almost no fluidity. It is excellent to use a thermosetting resin for the binder resin.
First, the coil is put into the mold and from the above thereof, the block-shaped or sheet-shaped composite magnetic body is put into the aforesaid mold. Next, from the both sides or either one side of the up/down sides of the mold, the pressure of, for example, 0.1 [kg/cm2] to 50 [kg/cm2] is applied against the composite magnetic body and the coil in the inside of the mold by using a movable punch (press head). Thus, the composite magnetic body is compressed and the composite magnetic body and the coil portion are integrated.
Compared with other manufacturing methods, this molding process has a characteristic that the composite magnetic body can be deformed by a low pressure. In addition, this molding process can be carried out under a normal temperature.
Thereafter, the coil component in which the coil and the composite magnetic body are integrated is taken out from the mold. Thereafter, the binder resin is thermally cured by applying the thermosetting-process. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes such as polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
This process is almost common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1). It is excellent if adding solvent to the composite magnetic body and prepare it in a pasty state at a normal temperature.
First, the coil is put into the mold and the pasty composite magnetic body is put into there from the above side thereof. Next, the composite magnetic body spilled out from the mold is removed by a tool such as of a blade, a cutter or the like. Further, the drying of the solvent is carried out. At that time, the pressure loaded on the coil and the composite magnetic body is negligibly low. In this molding process, there can be obtained such an advantage that the load to coil is low and in addition, the manufacturing equipment can be simplified because the process is applied at a room temperature.
Thereafter, the coil component in which the coil and the composite magnetic body are integrated is taken out from the mold. Thereafter, in a case in which the binder resin is a thermosetting resin, a thermosetting-process is applied thereto and the binder resin is cured. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes such as polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
It is possible to employ a process common with the process explained in the abovementioned item (1-1).
A plurality of coils are placed at a large concave-type tray and a composite magnetic material is put thereinto so as to embed those coils. Next, a metal-made pressurizing part having a rubber-made distal-end portion is put onto the abovementioned tray and a shielded space is formed so as to prevent the composite magnetic body from leaking. Next, the abovementioned tray and the pressurizing part are dipped together into a liquid layer in which water or oil is stored and further, the composite magnetic body is pressurized by applying a load to the pressurizing part.
Thereafter, the coil component in which the coil and the composite magnetic body are integrated is taken out from the mold. Thereafter, in a case in which the binder resin is a thermosetting resin, a thermosetting-process is applied thereto and the binder resin is cured. Thereafter, there are further applied, if necessary, various kinds of processes such as cutting of individual coils, polishing and coating of the surface of the composite magnetic body, terminal processing of the both end-portions of the winding wire and the like, selectively.
The manufacturing method of the coil component according to the present invention is a method which is represented by the embodiments 1 to 7 as mentioned above and is a manufacturing method of a coil component which includes a coil formed by winding an insulation-coated wire and a composite magnetic body embedded with this coil. Then, the metallic magnetic powder contained in the composite magnetic body is a powder which has the average particle size (D50) satisfying the abovementioned formula (1) which is formed by making the applied-frequency to a coil component and the electrical-resistivity as variables. According to the manufacturing methods of the abovementioned embodiments 1 to 7, it is possible to form the composite magnetic body, which is obtained by mixing a metallic magnetic powder and a binder resin, in a block shape or the like in a state of being in close contact with the coil without any gap.
The abovementioned exemplified embodiments include the following technical ideas.
<1> A coil component including a coil formed by winding an insulation-coated wire and a composite magnetic body embedded with the coil, wherein the composite magnetic body contains: a metallic magnetic powder made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material and a binder resin; and wherein the average particle size D50[μm] of the metallic magnetic powder satisfies the following formula (1):
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1)
however, it should be noted therein that (Fmax) is upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] at which Q-value starts decreasing beyond the maximum value in a case of increasing the frequency applied to the coil component, and that “ρ” is electrical-resistivity [μΩ·cm] of the metallic magnetic material.
<2> The coil component according to the abovementioned item <1>, wherein the (Fmax) is 1 MHz or more.
<3> The coil component according to the abovementioned item <1> or <2>, wherein the electrical-resistivity is 10[μΩ·cm] or more and 140[μΩ·cm] or less.
<4> The coil component according to any one of the abovementioned items <1> to <3>, wherein the metallic magnetic material is an alloy formed by Fe and at least one or more kinds of metallic materials selected from a group which is composed of Ni, Si, Cr and Al.
<5> The coil component according to any one of the abovementioned items <1> to <3>, wherein the metallic magnetic powder is a crystalline iron powder.
<6> An electronic equipment including: the coil component according to any one of the abovementioned items <1> to <5>; a switching element whose switching frequency is 1 MHz or more; and a circuit board including a switching circuit equipped with the coil component and the switching element.
<7> The electronic equipment according to the abovementioned item <6>, wherein the average particle size D50[μm] is below the upper limit particle size DMAX[μm] which is defined by the following formula (2) obtained by substituting the switching frequency for Fmax on the right side of the formula (1):
D
50≤2.192×(switching frequency)−0.518×ρ0.577 (2)
<8> A metallic magnetic powder which is made by powderizing a metallic magnetic material and which is used for the coil component according to any one of the abovementioned items <1> to <5>, wherein the average particle size D50[μm] thereof satisfies the following formula (1):
D
50≤2.192×(Fmax)−0.518×ρ0.577 (1)
wherein (Fmax) is upper limit operation-frequency [MHz] at which Q-value starts decreasing beyond the maximum value in a case of increasing the frequency applied to the coil component, and “ρ” is electrical-resistivity [μΩ·cm] of the metallic magnetic material.
<9> A support apparatus that identifies an allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size D50[μm] of a metallic magnetic powder which has a predetermined electrical-resistivity (ρ[μΩ·cm]) and which is used for a composite magnetic body embedded with a coil including: a storage unit which is stored with information expressing the following formula (3):
D
MAX=2.192×(applied-frequency)−0.518×ρ0.577 (3);
an input unit which accepts an input having electrical-resistivity (ρ) and having applied-frequency; a reference unit which reads out the allowable upper limit value (DMAX) of the average particle size D50 of the metallic magnetic powder by referring to the storage unit and by substituting the electrical-resistivity and the applied-frequency, which were inputted, for the formula (3); and an output unit which outputs the allowable upper limit value (DMAX), which was read out.
Having described preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments and that various changes and modifications could be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-064082 | Mar 2018 | JP | national |
