Coiled tubing has been used in a variety of well intervention applications. However, there are practical limits to the depth that a length of coiled tubing can be pushed along a given wellbore. The limitations with respect to reach of the coiled tubing may be due to a number of factors, such as friction between the coiled tubing and a wellbore wall. Certain limitations also may result from the propensity of the coiled tubing to helically buckle under loading as the coiled tubing is pushed through the wellbore.
In general, the present disclosure provides a system and method for facilitating a downhole operation utilizing coiled tubing. The technique comprises coupling a hydraulic assist device to coiled tubing. A fluid is flowed downhole into a wellbore and along the coiled tubing. The fluid is flowed against the hydraulic assist device, and the action of this fluid against the hydraulic assist device creates a pulling force on the coiled tubing. The pulling force facilitates movement of the coiled tubing along the wellbore to provide the coiled tubing with greater reach for a variety of intervention operations or other downhole operations. The technique also may be used in non-well applications having elongate enclosures other than a wellbore.
However, many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
Certain embodiments of the disclosure will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements. It should be understood, however, that the accompanying figures illustrate the various implementations described herein and are not meant to limit the scope of various technologies described herein, and:
In the follow description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the system and/or methodology may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
The present disclosure generally involves a system and methodology that relate to extending the reach of coiled tubing in well applications or other applications by applying a pulling force to the coiled tubing. Embodiments of the methodology comprise coupling a hydraulic assist device to coiled tubing and flowing a fluid downhole into a wellbore. The fluid is flowed along an exterior of the coiled tubing and against the hydraulic assist device. The action of this fluid against the hydraulic assist device creates a pulling force on the coiled tubing which helps move the coiled tubing along the wellbore. This pulling force provides the coiled tubing with greater reach for a variety of intervention operations or other downhole operations. In embodiments described herein, the use of the hydraulic assist device is described with reference to a variety of downhole, well related operations. However, the technique also may be used to facilitate movement of tubing through other types of surrounding enclosures, e.g. tubes.
In some examples, the technique involves using the hydraulic assist device to provide an additional hydraulic load at a lead end of the coiled tubing. In at least some of these applications, the driving fluid pumped down along an exterior of the coiled tubing to drive the coiled tubing through the surrounding enclosure, e.g. wellbore, by creating a pulling force. By way of example, the hydraulic assist device may comprise a flexible sealing ring or a plurality of flexible sealing rings that capture/block hydraulic fluid pumped down along an annulus formed between the coiled tubing and the casing. The pumped fluid acting against the flexible sealing rings provides the additional load on the coiled tubing in a direction that moves the coiled tubing farther along the wellbore. However, a variety of other types of hydraulic assist devices may be employed depending on the parameters of a given application. In at least some examples, the coiled tubing also may be integrated with a valve, such as a smart check valve or check valves, that can be activated on demand to selectively enable or block flow of fluid along an interior of the coiled tubing.
Depending on the application, an individual hydraulic assist device or a plurality of hydraulic assist devices may be coupled to the coiled tubing. The hydraulic assist device or devices may be connected to a lead end and/or along a length of the coiled tubing at predetermined positions. The hydraulic assist device(s) facilitates movement of the coiled tubing along a variety of wellbores of other enclosures, such as along horizontal wellbores to enhance the reach of the coiled tubing in intervention operations and other types of operations. If a valve is utilized within the coiled tubing, the operation may be designed to enable selective circulation of fluid through the valve and along an interior of the coiled tubing. In some embodiments, the valve may be designed to remain in an inactive, e.g. open, position production of fluids up through the interior of the coiled tubing until the valve is selectively activated to a closed configuration. For example, the valve can be closed at specific operational positions along a horizontal wellbore section to accommodate a predetermined intervention operation.
The hydraulic assist device may be designed to enable selective radial expansion so that fluid delivered down through the wellbore along the exterior of the coiled tubing applies a pressure against the hydraulic assist device. The pressure created against the hydraulic assist device by the fluid delivered, e.g. pumped, down through the wellbore creates a differential pressure mat results in a pulling force applied to the coiled tubing. The selective radial expansion of the hydraulic assist device may be powered by the flowing fluid or by other types of actuation mechanisms which radially expand the hydraulic assist device to effectively create a blockage which generates the desired differential pressure. In at least some applications, the hydraulic assist device may be selectively, radially contracted by reducing the fluid flow and/or by actuating the hydraulic assist device to a contracted position. When in the radially contracted configuration, the coiled tubing is readily removed from the wellbore and is less susceptible to interference with certain completion components and other potential well system components which may restrict the diameter of the flow path along the wellbore.
A predetermined pulling three may be created to help move tubing through a surrounding enclosure in well related applications and other types of applications. Depending, on the specifics of such an application, the number and position of the hydraulic assist devices along the tubing e.g. coiled tubing, may be adjusted. Additionally, the types of fluid or fluids pumped down along the exterior of the tubing may vary depending on the parameters of the specific operation. The fluid pumping sequences, fluid flow rates, fluid viscosities, and other parameters of the fluid and/or hydraulic assist device may be adjusted to accommodate the characteristics of a given application.
Referring generally to
In the example of
Coiled tubing 34 is deployed down into wellbore 22 from a coiled tubing reel 36 positioned at a suitable surface location. The coiled tubing 34 may be deployed down through the vertical section 26 and into the deviated section 28 to facilitate performance of a well operation, e.g. intervention operation/treatment operation, at a desired location or locations along the wellbore 22. At least one hydraulic assist device 38 is coupled with the coiled tubing 34 to facilitate movement of the coiled tubing 34 along the wellbore 22 and to thus extend the reach of the coiled tubing for performing the downhole operation or operations. In the example illustrated, a lead hydraulic assist device 38 is positioned at a lead end 40 of the coiled tubing, and additional hydraulic assist devices 38 are mounted at spaced intervals along a portion of the coiled tubing 34. Depending on the operation, an individual hydraulic assist device 38 or plural hydraulic assist devices 38 may be connected to the coiled tubing 34.
Referring again to
As illustrated, each hydraulic assist device 38 has been transitioned to the radially expanded position to interfere with a fluid, represented by arrows 44, which is delivered downhole within wellbore 22 along an exterior of coiled tubing 34. In some applications, the fluid 44 is pumped down along the annulus between coiled tubing 34 and casing 24 by a pumping system 46. The pumped fluid 44 acts against the uphole side of the expansion component 42 (of each hydraulic assist device 38) and establishes a pressure differential between the uphole and downhole sides of the hydraulic assist device. This differential pressure creates a pulling force on the coiled tubing 34 which helps move the coiled tubing 34 along wellbore 22, thus extending the reach of the coiled tubing 34 within the wellbore 22.
In some embodiments, a valve 48 is positioned to selectively control flow of fluid along an interior 50 of coiled tubing 34. For example, valve 48 may be positioned within the coiled tubing 34 to selectively enable or block flow along interior 50 during running of coiled tubing 34 downhole. The valve 48 also may be selectively opened to enable circulation of fluid downhole and back up to the surface. By way of example, at least one of the hydraulic assist devices 38 may be designed to include valve 48, and some applications provide each of the hydraulic assist devices 38 with at least one valve 48 to enable selective control of fluid through each hydraulic assist device 38 along interior 50.
The overall system 20 also may comprise a variety of cooperating components. For example, a sensor system 52 having a sensor of sensors 54 may be located on at least one of the hydraulic assist devices 38 and/or at other suitable locations along wellbore 22 and coiled tubing 34. The sensor(s) 54 and sensor system 52 may be employed to detect and monitor pressures, temperatures, position, and/or other parameters related to the downhole operation. Additionally, a telemetry system 56 may be used to relay data from and/or to sensor system 52. The telemetry system 56 also may be employed for carrying a variety of other types of signals along wellbore 22 between desired components.
Referring generally to
Referring generally to
Referring generally to
The conically shaped device 74 may be constructed as an individual or plural wipers 80 designed with residual collapsing capabilities. Each wiper 80 may be designed to open up to the extent of the wellbore internal diameter under the influence of increasing flow rate of fluid 44. The expanding wiper or wipers 80 causes the differential pressure across the hydraulic assist device 38 and thus creates the pulling three for moving coiled tubing 34 along wellbore 22. The ability of wipers 80 to collapse in a radially inward direction when there is no differential pressure across the hydraulic assist device 38 (or when the differential pressure is below a threshold value) facilitates passage of the bottom hole assembly 76 through restrictions and profiles when pulling out of hole. In
Conversion of the hydraulic force of fluid 44 to a linear pull force may be a function of the surface area of the wiper 80 (or other expansion component 42) and of the differential pressure applied. The pulling force may be adjusted according to the parameters of a given application to pull the coiled tubing string along wellbore 22 and to extend the reach of the coiled tubing string to greater distances along, for example, deviated section 28 of wellbore 22.
In some applications, a valve or valves 48 may be combined with hydraulic assist device 38, as illustrated. By way of example, valves 48 may comprise smart check valves which may be selectively positioned to provide dual capabilities for running in hole in an active or passive mode. If, for example, coiled tubing 34 is run downhole with the valve 48 in an active mode to block fluid flow along interior 50, the valve 48 may be subsequently transitional to a passive mode winch allows fluid flow along interior 50. By way of example, the valve 48 may be designed for actuation from an active mode to a passive mode by dropping ball 66 from the surface of by operating actuator 60 depending on the specific design of the valve 48. Once the valve 48 is transitioned to the passive mode, fluids can be produced from the well up through the interior 50 of coiled tubing 34. In some applications, a subsequent ball 66 or subsequent actuation of actuator 60 can be used to shift the valve 48 back to an active mode blocking flow along interior 50. In other applications, each valve 48 can be run downhole with coiled tubing 34 in a passive mode which allows flow along interior 50 and then transitioned to an active mode via, for example, ball 66 or actuator 60.
Depending on the application, various combinations of valves 48 and valve types may be employed to facilitate a given operation. Referring generally to the embodiment of
A first valve 48 comprises a first set of check valves 82 which cooperate with a combined first sleeve 84 and first ball profile 86 held in place by a shear member 88, e.g. shear pins, within passageway 58 of the hydraulic assist device 38. Similarly, a second valve 48 comprises a second set of check valves 90 which cooperate with a combined second sleeve 92 and second ball profile 94 held in place by a shear member 96, e.g. shear pins. By way of example, the first and second ball landing profiles 86, 94 may be perforated with holes 98 which are exposed upon shifting. Additionally, when balls 66 land on profiles 86, 94, they may be secured with a captive mechanism while the corresponding sleeves 84, 92 are shifted, thus preventing flow back. In
During an activation procedure, a first ball 66 may be dropped from the surface and assisted along interior 50 by pumping fluid down along interior 50. In this example, the second sleeve 92 and second ball landing profile 94 have a larger diameter than the first sleeve 84 and first hall landing profile 86. Thus, the first ball 66 passes through the second sleeve 92 and lands in first ball landing profile 86, as illustrated in
Subsequently, a larger diameter ball 66 may be dropped down along interior 50 of coiled tubing 34 and pumped into engagement with the second ball landing profile 94. By applying suitable pressure down through the interior 50 of coiled tubing 34, the shear member 96 may be sheared to allow second sleeve 92 and second ball landing profile 94 to move past second check valves 90, as illustrated in
The embodiments described with reference to
Similarly various types of expansion components 42 may be combined with valve 48 to provide hydraulic assist devices 38 with the ability to convert hydraulic force of fluid 44 to a pull force for moving coiled tubing 34 over farther distances in deviated, e.g. horizontal, or vertical wellbores. For example, the expansion components 42 may be made from composite materials, metal materials, plastic/rubber materials, and/or other materials constructed in a variety of shapes and designs according to the parameters of a given application. Additionally, valves 48 may be integrated into or attached to other components of the hydraulic assist device 38 and/or coiled tubing 34 and may comprise various valve types. For example, valves 48 may comprise ball type valves, J-slot valves, positive differential valves, electrically activated valves hydraulically activated valves, fiber-optic activated valves, stored energy activated valves, spring type valves, dart type valves, or other suitable valve types.
Additionally, the coiled tubing 34 may be constructed in a variety of sizes and from a variety of materials depending on the environment and the parameters of a given application. Various coiled tubing connectors and bottom hole assembly components may be integrated into the overall system. Additionally, the telemetry system 56 may be a real-time telemetry system used inside or outside of the coiled tubing 34. The telemetry system 56 also may utilize various signal carrying techniques, including signals carried via e-line cable, fiber optics, pulse telemetry, and other suitable techniques.
The extended reach technique of applying a pulling force to the coiled tubing also may be used in a variety of environments and well or non-well applications. For example, the technique may be used in gas wells, oil wells, wells with condensate, water injection wells, H2S steam applications, offshore wells, onshore wells, deep water wells, horizontal wells, vertical wells, multilateral wells, or other types of wells or well applications. Similarly, the technique may be used in non-well applications in which a smaller tubing is delivered over substantial distances within a larger surrounding enclosure. The technique also may be used on offshore platforms, land fields, deepwater floaters, drillships, intervention vessels, and other suitable types of installations.
Application of the pulling force to coiled tubing also may be used with a variety of completions, including open hole or cased hole completions. Such completions may be formed in several configurations and sizes incorporating various screens, tubulars and/or materials adapted for use in environments of wide-ranging temperatures and pressures. The technique also is suitable for use with many types of surface controls and with a variety of fluids pumped down into the wellbore and/or produced from the wellbore. The pulling force may be employed to facilitate many types of intervention activities including wellbore cleanout, matrix acidizing, logging, underbalanced or balanced drilling, nitrogen kick off, fishing, milling, or other intervention activities.
Depending on the application and/or environment in which the well system 20 is employed, the overall system may be designed accordingly. For example, the optimum size and expansion ratio of the expansion components 42 may be determined for a given application. Additionally, the size, type and number of the hydraulic assist devices 38 along coiled tubing 34 may be determined according to the parameters of a given application and environment. In some applications, for example, a main hydraulic assist device 38 may be positioned at the lead end 40 of coiled tubing 34. Additionally, the pump rates, fluid type, fluid viscosity, and the sequence of fluids and pump rates, if desired, may be adjusted according to the specific application. The specific methodology of running the coiled tubing string in hole and pulling out of hole also may be determined according to the same parameters and considerations.
Although a few embodiments of the disclosure have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
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