The present invention is directed to prosthetic heart valves for replacement of native heart valves, to components for use in such prosthetic heart valves, and to methods of treating patients with such prosthetic heart valves.
Certain prosthetic heart valves incorporate an expandable stent body and valve elements such as prosthetic valve leaflets mounted to the stent body. The prosthetic valve may also include a cuff including one or more layers of materials such as fabric or animal tissue. Valves of this type may be implanted in the heart by advancing the valve into the body of the patient with the stent body and cuff in a collapsed condition in which the stent body and cuff have a relatively small diameter. Once the valve is positioned at the desired implantation site, the stent body is brought to an expanded condition in which a portion of the stent body has a generally tubular shape. This portion engages the surrounding native tissue and holds the valve in place. The cuff forms a lining covering all or part of the tubular stent body. The valve acts as a functional replacement for the diseased native valve. Thus, the valve elements inside the stent body permit blood flow in the antegrade direction but substantially block flow in the opposite, retrograde direction. For example, a prosthetic valve may be advanced to a site within a diseased native aortic valve percutaneously through the arterial system and into the aorta to the native aortic valve. In a transapical placement, a prosthetic valve may be advanced through an incision in the apex of the heart and through the left ventricle to the native aortic valve. Other approaches through other access sites can be used. Once the prosthetic valve is in place, it permits flow from the left ventricle into the aorta when the left ventricle contracts during systole, but substantially blocks retrograde flow from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole.
There are significant challenges in design of an expandable valve. For example, the valve desirably can be collapsed to a relatively small diameter to facilitate advancement into the body. This imposes significant limitations on the design of the cuff as, for example, the thickness of the material which can be incorporated in the cuff. However, the stent body must be capable of expanding to an operative, expanded condition in which the stent body securely engages the surrounding native tissues to hold the valve in place. The stent body and the cuff carried on the stent body should form a good seal with the surrounding native tissues to prevent leakage around the outside of the prosthetic valve, commonly referred to as perivalvular leakage. However, the stent body and cuff should not apply excessive forces to the annulus of the native valve. Excessive forces on the annulus of the native aortic valve can disrupt the electrical conduction system of the heart and also can impair the functioning of the mitral valve. These issues are complicated by the fact that the diseased native valve leaflets and other diseased tissues may present an implantation site which is irregular. For example, patients with calcified or stenotic aortic valves may not be treated well with the current collapsible valve designs, and may encounter problems such as (1) perivalvular leakage (PV leak), (2) valve migration, (3) mitral valve impingement, (4) conduction system disruption, etc., all of which can lead to adverse clinical outcomes. To reduce these adverse events, the optimal valve would seal and anchor adequately without the need for excessive radial force that could harm nearby anatomy and physiology.
Numerous prosthetic valve and stent body designs have been proposed. However, despite all of the attention devoted to such designs, still further improvements would be desirable.
One aspect of the present invention provides a prosthetic heart valve. The valve according to this aspect of the invention desirably includes a stent body having a generally tubular annulus region. The stent body, and particularly the annulus region, has a proximal-to-distal axis. The stent body has a radially collapsed condition and a radially expanded condition, the annulus region increasing in diameter during transition from the radially collapsed condition to the radially expanded condition. The valve according to this aspect of the invention desirably includes one or more prosthetic valve elements as, for example, prosthetic valve leaflets. The prosthetic valve elements are mounted to the stent body and are operative to allow flow in the antegrade direction through the annulus region but to substantially block flow in the retrograde direction through the annulus region when the stent body is in the radially expanded condition.
The valve according to this aspect of the invention most preferably includes a cuff secured to the stent body. The cuff may include a first cuff portion covering at least a portion of the annulus region for disposition at said native valve annulus, the first cuff portion having a first diameter when the annulus region is in the radially expanded condition. In this aspect of the invention, the cuff desirably also includes a second cuff portion proximal to the first cuff portion, the second cuff portion having a second diameter when the annulus region is in the radially expanded condition, the second diameter being greater than the first diameter. The second cuff portion preferably is adapted for engagement with native tissue proximal to the native valve annulus. For example, where the prosthetic valve is implanted in a diseased native aortic valve, the second cuff portion may engage the left ventricular outflow tract or LVOT.
A further aspect of the invention provides a prosthetic valve which may have a stent body and valve element as discussed above. A valve according to this aspect of the invention desirably includes a cuff secured to the stent body and surrounding the annulus region, the cuff having one or more pleats adapted to collapse in axial directions and expand in radial directions upon transition of the stent body from the radially collapsed condition to the radially expanded condition. As further discussed below, the pleats can promote effective sealing with the surrounding native structures.
A valve according to yet another aspect of the invention desirably includes a stent body with a generally tubular annulus region having a proximal-to-distal axis, and desirably also includes prosthetic valve elements mounted to the stent body as discussed above. The valve according to this aspect of the invention most preferably has a cuff secured to the stent body and surrounding the annulus region; and also has one or more biasing elements separate from the cuff. The biasing elements are mechanically connected to the stent body and to the cuff, and are adapted to bias at least a portion of the cuff outwardly with respect to the stent body. Merely by way of example, the biasing elements may include springs formed separately from the stent body or integral with the stent body, and may also include a hygroscopic, water-swellable material disposed between the cuff and the stent body. By biasing the cuff outwardly from the stent body, the biasing elements tend to promote intimate engagement between the cuff and the surrounding tissues, even where the surrounding tissues are irregular.
A still further aspect of the invention provides a prosthetic valve which includes an expansible stent body and valve elements, and which also includes a cuff secured to the stent body. The cuff desirably has a mobile portion movable in an axial direction with respect to the stent body so that when the stent body is in the radially collapsed condition, the mobile portion of the cuff is axially offset from the annulus region of the stent body. Most preferably, the mobile portion of the cuff can be displaced to an operative position in which the mobile portion of the cuff extends around the annulus section. For example, the cuff may have a generally tubular wall with a fixed end attached to the stent body and a free end projecting axially away from the annulus section when the stent body is in the radially collapsed condition. In this arrangement, the mobile portion of the cuff includes the free end of the tubular wall. The tubular wall desirably is constructed and arranged so that the tubular wall may be turned inside-out so as to bring the free end of the tubular wall into the operative position. Thus, the free end of the tubular wall extends around the annulus region when the cuff is in the operative position.
Still another aspect of the invention provides a valve with a stent body and valve elements. The valve further includes a cuff having pockets with open sides. The open sides face in an axial direction, such as in the distal direction, so that flow of blood will tend to expand the pockets and bring the cuff into tighter engagement with the surrounding tissues.
Yet another aspect of the invention provides a valve having a stent body, valve elements, and a cuff having a plurality of regions arranged around the circumference of the stent body. In an operative, implanted condition, the regions of the cuff have differing radial thickness. For example, the cuff may include plural bulge regions separated from one another by intermediate regions having lesser radial thickness than the bulge regions. For example, a valve implanted in a generally triangular opening in a stenosed tricuspid arterial valve may have three bulge regions. The bulge regions may be lodged in the corners of the triangular opening. The various regions of the cuff may be provided with individual inflatable chambers, so that bulge regions and intermediate regions can be formed as required for an individual patient.
Still other aspects of the invention provide methods of implanting a valve such as those discussed above, and kits for performing such methods.
The present invention may be more fully appreciated with reference to the following detailed description, which in turn refers to the drawings, wherein:
The parameters identified in
The leaflets 6 have distal edges 9 remote from the annulus 2. Each native leaflet 6 has a surface 7, referred to herein as the “interior” surface of the leaflet, facing generally towards the other leaflets. Each native leaflet 6 also has a surface 8, referred to herein as the “exterior” surface of the leaflet, facing outwardly, away from the other leaflets and toward the wall of the sinus 3. The cross sectional shape of such a native valve varies somewhat from individual to individual, and this variation can be increased by various types of disease. For example, disease can reshape the cross section of a patient's valve to a circular, triangular, or elliptical shape, depending on the disease state.
An expandable stent body 10 (
The stent body is adapted for installation in the body of a patient with the annulus section adjacent the annulus 2 (
Stent body 10 includes features which facilitate attachment of valve leaflets as discussed further below. In this particular stent body, the leaflet attachment features include three commissure posts 50 formed integrally with the remainder of the stent and extending axially in the annulus section 30. The commissure posts are connected to the cell struts of the annulus section and are spaced equidistantly around the annulus section 30.
The particular construction of stent body 10 that is shown in
A valve 100 (
The valve also includes a cuff 85. The cuff includes a first cuff portion 80, also referred to herein as a supra-annular cuff portion, extending over a region of the tubular wall of the annulus section 30 remote from the proximal end of the annulus section and distal to the flared region 40 of the annulus section. The cuff also includes a second portion, also referred to herein as the sub-annular cuff portion 90, proximal to the first portion 80. A line 110 is shown in
This particular embodiment is only illustrative; in other arrangements, the cuff portions 80 and 90 may be formed as separate pieces of the same or different materials. Either or both cuff portions may include one or more layers on the inside of the stent body, one or more layers on the outside of the stent body, or both. The layers on the inside and outside of the cuff may be formed separately from one another or integrally with one another. The cuff desirably is attached to the stent as, for example, by suturing to the cell struts, to the junctures between the cell struts, or both. The cuff may be formed from materials such as animal tissues as, for example, porcine, ovine and bovine pericardium, porcine sub-mucosa, and synthetic fabrics such as knit or woven polyester, and non-woven fabrics. Collagen-impregnated fabrics may be used. Also, bio-absorbable materials such as polyglactin, copolymers of lactide and caprolactone, and polylactides can be used.
In operation, the valve is brought to a collapsed condition and mounted on a delivery device (not shown) such as an elongated probe having a sheath adapted to retain the stent body in the collapsed condition. The delivery device may include a mechanical or other arrangement for releasing the stent body from the sheath once the valve has been advanced to the desired location within the body. For example, the delivery device may be arranged to move the sheath with respect to the stent body in response to a manipulation by the operator. In the collapsed condition, the stent body, including the annulus section 30 and aorta section 20, is radially compressed. The prosthetic valve leaflets 70 are folded within the stent body. Because the thick second or sub-annular portion 90 of the cuff is disposed proximal to the valve leaflets, it does not impede collapse of the valve to a relatively small diameter.
The delivery device is advanced into the patient's body until the valve is aligned with the native aortic valve, with the annulus section 30 adjacent the annulus of the aorta. The valve is released from the sheath and stent body 10 expands under its own resilience. The resilient expansion may occur solely as a result of release of mechanical constraint of the stent body, or may include expansion resulting from the effects of temperature change on the material of the stent body. In this embodiment, the entire expansion of the stent body from its collapsed condition to its expanded, operative condition is brought about by the stent body itself. Stated another way, the stent body desirably is fully self-expanding and does not require a balloon or mechanical movement device to bring about any part of the expansion. As best seen in
Although the stent reaches an expanded configuration, it typically does not reach its fully-expanded, unconstrained configuration. Thus, the resilience of the stent body typically causes the aortic section 20 to bear on the sinotubular junction and also causes the annulus section 30 to bear on the annulus and on the interior surfaces of the leaflets, which helps to maintain the sealing engagement of the cuff with the native anatomy. The prosthetic valve leaflets 70 open to allow distal or antegrade flow of blood during systole, and close to block proximal or retrograde flow during diastole. The sealing engagement of the cuff with the native anatomy helps to block retrograde flow around the outside of the stent body, commonly referred to as perivalvular leakage. The valve does not block flow to the coronary arteries. For example, the support struts 60 may extend across the Valsalva sinus, so that blood can flow to the coronary arteries through spaces between the support struts.
The embodiment discussed above can be varied in many ways. For example,
A valve according to a further embodiment includes a cuff 200 (
The valve of
Biasing elements such as hygroscopic material can be used with cuffs other than the pleated cuffs shown in
In a further variant, a biasing element such as a water-absorbing polymer may be placed between layers of cuff material, so that the biasing element will urge the outer layer away from the stent body. In a further embodiment, the cuff material may be impregnated with such a polymer. When allowed to expand as a result of implantation in a patient and consequent absorption of water from the patient's tissue and/or blood, these materials can fill any gaps in the cuff material and can also fill gaps between the cuff material and the native tissue to reduce PV leakage.
Staples and/or sutures can be used to secure the valve to the patient's native valve annulus using elongated instruments introduced trans-apically or percutaneously. The valve depicted in
The valve of
A valve according to a further embodiment of the invention (
The biasing elements may also include coil springs. As shown in
In a further embodiment (
Coil springs as shown in
A valve according to yet another embodiment of the invention, shown in
A ring such as that discussed above with reference to
Because the features as discussed above with reference to
The calcific patterns of aortic stenosis can occur in a variety of distribution patterns, which can have a direct effect on PV leak between the stenotic leaflets and an implanted collapsible valve. In many cases, PV leak is most likely to occur at the location of the commissures between the stenotic native leaflets (R. Zegdi et al., “Is It Reasonable to Treat All Calcified Stenotic Aortic Valves With a Valved Stent?”, Valvular Heart Disease, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 579-84, Feb. 5, 2008). Stated another way, the native valve annulus, and the space defined by the interior surfaces of the native valve leaflets, do not have a circular cross-sectional shape. A valve according to a further embodiment includes a cuff 285 (
The chambers can be inflated either before implantation or after the valve has been expanded into the stenotic native valve. Inflation can be achieved intra-procedurally with material such as liquid collagen or RTV silicone, or prior to the procedure with similar or other materials. This cuff construction offers the potential for a single collapsible valve design to be used in a variety of stenotic aortic valve sizes and calcific distribution patterns, whereas some of the previously known designs can only be used with uniform calcific distribution patterns. This cuff design may also be used in aortic insufficient (leaking) valves because of its ability to fill PV-leaks and gaps. Other possible uses of this cuff design are in other valve positions. For example, a configuration such as that shown in
As further discussed below, certain techniques which can be employed in prosthetic heart valve procedures may best be applied while the regions treated by these techniques are temporarily isolated from direct blood flow. A device that isolates a working chamber may be beneficial. One such device is disclosed in R. Quaden et al., “Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement: Resection Before Implantation,” European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Vol. 27, 2005, pp. 836-40, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. As disclosed in the Quaden et al. article, an aortic valve resection chamber is sealed by polyethylene balloons. The surgical instruments are inserted through an instrument channel. Two catheters with small sealing balloons provide the coronaries with cardioplegia and prevent coronary embolization during the resection process. A working chamber of this type may also be beneficial (although not necessary in all cases) for application of some techniques such as those described later in this specification.
Lasers have long been used to coagulate tissue in the medical industry. An example is the Laserscope system used for cauterizing tissue (available from Laserscope, 3052 Orchard Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-2011). A low power laser that can minimize tissue vaporization, yet bond tissue together, is optimal. Other energy sources such as ultrasound, cryogenics, an electrical resistance or other heating element can be used as alternatives. The cuff of a prosthetic valve can be made to be bonded to native tissue as, for example, to the stenotic leaflets (or to the native valve annulus if leaflets are resected) during or after implantation. For example, a porcine pericardial strip on the outside of the cuff can be used to bond a tissue-to-tissue joint. Probes of various shapes (toroid, pointed, etc.) can be used to directionally apply the energy to the desired locations.
Biocompatible adhesives, such as epoxy amines, have been applied in certain medical applications. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,780,510 and 6,468,660.) Such adhesives can be applied around the perimeter of the cuff of a prosthetic valve to bond to stenotic leaflets (or annulus if leaflets are resected) during or after implantation. Other silicone materials can be used as a “caulk” in certain situations. The adhesive can be injected internally or externally through ports in the valve cuff itself and/or the cuff can have pockets to allow for injection (see
A valve according to a further embodiment of the invention (
Tubular cuff 400 can be flipped up during delivery of the valve into the patient but before the valve is fully seated at the valve implant site in the patient. Depending upon the resilient properties of the tubular cuff 400, radial expansion of the stent body may cause the tubular cuff to evert as shown. Alternatively or additionally, the tubular cuff may have a free or undistorted shape such that it naturally tends to evert as shown in
A cuff with a mobile portion may be arranged to form a seal with any portion of the native anatomy. For example,
In other embodiments, the mobile portion of the cuff may be moved relative to the stent body by engagement with native anatomical structures. For example, the cuff can be constructed and delivered so that it latches on the patient's native stenotic heart valve leaflets during delivery.
The engagement elements or hooks 420 can be of any suitable material. One possibility is for hooks 420 to be made of nitinol and to extend through the fabric or other material of cuff 400. Hooks 420 may be connected to the annulus section 30 or other portions of the stent body, and may be formed integrally with the stent body.
In the procedure of
The mobile portion of the cuff may include the entire cuff or any part of the cuff. Also, motion of the mobile portion of the cuff can occur in ways other than turning the cuff inside out. For example, the structure of
Although the valves have been discussed above with reference to implantation of the valves in naturally occurring native valves of a patient, the valves also can be implanted within previously-implanted prosthetic valves. In such a procedure, the previously-implanted prosthetic valve constitutes the native valve. For example, the cuff will seal against structures of the previously-implanted prosthetic valve as, for example, against the interior of the previously-implanted stent body and cuff, or the interior surfaces of previously-implanted prosthetic valve leaflets.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/047,875, filed Oct. 19, 2022, which is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 11,504,228, filed Apr. 23, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 10,314,694, filed Mar. 24, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 9,681,949, filed May 5, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,831, filed Jul. 17, 2014, which is a divisional application of U.S. Pat. No. 8,808,356, filed Dec. 22, 2010, which is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/US2009/004094 filed Jul. 15, 2009, published in English, which application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/134,995 filed Jul. 15, 2008, the disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3409013 | Berry | Nov 1968 | A |
3467102 | Fogarty | Sep 1969 | A |
3548417 | Kischer | Dec 1970 | A |
3587115 | Shiley | Jun 1971 | A |
3657744 | Ersek | Apr 1972 | A |
3671979 | Moulopoulos | Jun 1972 | A |
3714671 | Goodenough | Feb 1973 | A |
3755823 | Hancock | Sep 1973 | A |
3983581 | Angell | Oct 1976 | A |
4035849 | Angell | Jul 1977 | A |
4056854 | Boretos | Nov 1977 | A |
4106129 | Carpentier | Aug 1978 | A |
4222126 | Boretos | Sep 1980 | A |
4265694 | Boretos | May 1981 | A |
4275469 | Gabbay | Jun 1981 | A |
4297749 | Davis | Nov 1981 | A |
4339831 | Johnson | Jul 1982 | A |
4343048 | Ross | Aug 1982 | A |
4345340 | Rosen | Aug 1982 | A |
4373216 | Klawitter | Feb 1983 | A |
4406022 | Roy | Sep 1983 | A |
4470157 | Love | Sep 1984 | A |
4491986 | Gabbay | Jan 1985 | A |
4535483 | Klawitter | Aug 1985 | A |
4574803 | Storz | Mar 1986 | A |
4592340 | Boyles | Jun 1986 | A |
4605407 | Black | Aug 1986 | A |
4612011 | Kautzky | Sep 1986 | A |
4643732 | Pietsch | Feb 1987 | A |
4655771 | Wallsten | Apr 1987 | A |
4692164 | Dzemeshkevich | Sep 1987 | A |
4733665 | Palmaz | Mar 1988 | A |
4759758 | Gabbay | Jul 1988 | A |
4762128 | Rosenbluth | Aug 1988 | A |
4777951 | Cribier | Oct 1988 | A |
4787899 | Lazarus | Nov 1988 | A |
4796629 | Grayzel | Jan 1989 | A |
4797901 | Goerne | Jan 1989 | A |
4829990 | Thuroff | May 1989 | A |
4851001 | Taheri | Jul 1989 | A |
4856516 | Hillstead | Aug 1989 | A |
4878495 | Grayzel | Nov 1989 | A |
4878906 | Lindemann | Nov 1989 | A |
4883458 | Shiber | Nov 1989 | A |
4922905 | Strecker | May 1990 | A |
4966604 | Reiss | Oct 1990 | A |
4979939 | Shiber | Dec 1990 | A |
4986830 | Owens | Jan 1991 | A |
4994077 | Dobben | Feb 1991 | A |
5007896 | Shiber | Apr 1991 | A |
5026366 | Leckrone | Jun 1991 | A |
5032128 | Alonso | Jul 1991 | A |
5037434 | Lane | Aug 1991 | A |
5047041 | Samuels | Sep 1991 | A |
5059177 | Towne | Oct 1991 | A |
5080668 | Bolz | Jan 1992 | A |
5085635 | Cragg | Feb 1992 | A |
5089015 | Ross | Feb 1992 | A |
5152771 | Sabbaghian | Oct 1992 | A |
5163953 | Vince | Nov 1992 | A |
5167628 | Boyles | Dec 1992 | A |
5192297 | Hull | Mar 1993 | A |
5258023 | Reger | Nov 1993 | A |
5266073 | Wall | Nov 1993 | A |
5282847 | Trescony | Feb 1994 | A |
5295958 | Shturman | Mar 1994 | A |
5332402 | Teitelbaum | Jul 1994 | A |
5360444 | Kusuhara | Nov 1994 | A |
5370685 | Stevens | Dec 1994 | A |
5397351 | Pavcnik | Mar 1995 | A |
5411055 | Kane | May 1995 | A |
5411552 | Andersen | May 1995 | A |
5443446 | Shturman | Aug 1995 | A |
5480423 | Ravenscroft | Jan 1996 | A |
5480424 | Cox | Jan 1996 | A |
5500014 | Quijano | Mar 1996 | A |
5545209 | Roberts | Aug 1996 | A |
5545214 | Stevens | Aug 1996 | A |
5549665 | Vesely | Aug 1996 | A |
5554185 | Block | Sep 1996 | A |
5571175 | Vanney | Nov 1996 | A |
5591185 | Kilmer | Jan 1997 | A |
5607464 | Trescony | Mar 1997 | A |
5607470 | Milo | Mar 1997 | A |
5609626 | Quijano | Mar 1997 | A |
5628786 | Banas | May 1997 | A |
5639274 | Fischell | Jun 1997 | A |
5665115 | Cragg | Sep 1997 | A |
5693088 | Lazarus | Dec 1997 | A |
5716417 | Girard | Feb 1998 | A |
5728068 | Leone | Mar 1998 | A |
5749890 | Shaknovich | May 1998 | A |
5756476 | Epstein | May 1998 | A |
5769812 | Stevens | Jun 1998 | A |
5769882 | Fogarty | Jun 1998 | A |
5776188 | Shepherd | Jul 1998 | A |
5800508 | Goicoechea | Sep 1998 | A |
5840081 | Andersen | Nov 1998 | A |
5843161 | Solovay | Dec 1998 | A |
5843167 | Dwyer | Dec 1998 | A |
5855597 | Jayaraman | Jan 1999 | A |
5855601 | Bessler | Jan 1999 | A |
5855602 | Angell | Jan 1999 | A |
5925063 | Khosravi | Jul 1999 | A |
5928281 | Huynh | Jul 1999 | A |
5935163 | Gabbay | Aug 1999 | A |
5957949 | Leonhardt | Sep 1999 | A |
5961549 | Nguyen | Oct 1999 | A |
6015431 | Thornton | Jan 2000 | A |
6027525 | Suh | Feb 2000 | A |
6045576 | Starr | Apr 2000 | A |
6077297 | Robinson | Jun 2000 | A |
6083257 | Taylor | Jul 2000 | A |
6090140 | Gabbay | Jul 2000 | A |
6110198 | Fogarty | Aug 2000 | A |
6132473 | Williams | Oct 2000 | A |
6168614 | Andersen | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6171335 | Wheatley | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6174327 | Mertens | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6210408 | Chandrasekaran | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6214036 | Letendre | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6217585 | Houser | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6221091 | Khosravi | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6231602 | Carpentier | May 2001 | B1 |
6245102 | Jayaraman | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6264691 | Gabbay | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6267783 | Letendre | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6299637 | Shaolian | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6302906 | Goicoechea | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6306164 | Kujawski | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6312465 | Griffin | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6350277 | Kocur | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6352554 | De Paulis | Mar 2002 | B2 |
6368348 | Gabbay | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6419695 | Gabbay | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6425916 | Garrison | Jul 2002 | B1 |
6440164 | Dimatteo | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6454799 | Schreck | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6458153 | Bailey | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6461382 | Cao | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6468660 | Ogle | Oct 2002 | B2 |
6482228 | Norred | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6488702 | Besselink | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6488704 | Connelly | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6517576 | Gabbay | Feb 2003 | B2 |
6533810 | Hankh | Mar 2003 | B2 |
6569196 | Vesely | May 2003 | B1 |
6582464 | Gabbay | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6605112 | Moll | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6610088 | Gabbay | Aug 2003 | B1 |
6623518 | Thompson | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6652578 | Bailey | Nov 2003 | B2 |
6685625 | Gabbay | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6716244 | Klaco | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6719789 | Cox | Apr 2004 | B2 |
6729356 | Baker | May 2004 | B1 |
6730118 | Spenser | May 2004 | B2 |
6733525 | Yang | May 2004 | B2 |
6767362 | Schreck | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6780510 | Ogle | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6783556 | Gabbay | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6790230 | Beyersdorf | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6814746 | Thompson | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6814754 | Greenhalgh | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6830584 | Seguin | Dec 2004 | B1 |
6837902 | Nguyen | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6846325 | Liddicoat | Jan 2005 | B2 |
6860901 | Baker | Mar 2005 | B1 |
6869444 | Gabbay | Mar 2005 | B2 |
6893460 | Spenser | May 2005 | B2 |
6908481 | Cribier | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6911040 | Johnson | Jun 2005 | B2 |
6951573 | Dilling | Oct 2005 | B1 |
7018406 | Seguin | Mar 2006 | B2 |
7025780 | Gabbay | Apr 2006 | B2 |
7101396 | Artof | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7137184 | Schreck | Nov 2006 | B2 |
7147663 | Berg | Dec 2006 | B1 |
7160322 | Gabbay | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7195641 | Palmaz | Mar 2007 | B2 |
7247167 | Gabbay | Jul 2007 | B2 |
7261732 | Justino | Aug 2007 | B2 |
7264632 | Wright | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7267686 | Dimatteo | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7276078 | Spenser | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7276084 | Yang | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7311730 | Gabbay | Dec 2007 | B2 |
7320704 | Lashinski | Jan 2008 | B2 |
7329278 | Seguin | Feb 2008 | B2 |
7374571 | Pease | May 2008 | B2 |
7374573 | Gabbay | May 2008 | B2 |
7381218 | Schreck | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7381219 | Salahieh | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7393360 | Spenser | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7399315 | Iobbi | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7452371 | Pavcnik | Nov 2008 | B2 |
7462191 | Spenser | Dec 2008 | B2 |
7481838 | Carpentier | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7510572 | Gabbay | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7510575 | Spenser | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7524331 | Birdsall | Apr 2009 | B2 |
7534261 | Friedman | May 2009 | B2 |
RE40816 | Taylor | Jun 2009 | E |
7585321 | Cribier | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7597711 | Drews | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7628805 | Spenser | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7682390 | Seguin | Mar 2010 | B2 |
7708775 | Rowe | May 2010 | B2 |
7731742 | Schlick | Jun 2010 | B2 |
7748389 | Salahieh | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7780725 | Haug | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7799069 | Bailey | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7803185 | Gabbay | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7824442 | Salahieh | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7837727 | Goetz | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7846203 | Cribier | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7846204 | Letac | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7871435 | Carpentier | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7892281 | Seguin | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7914569 | Nguyen | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7951197 | Lane | May 2011 | B2 |
7959666 | Salahieh | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7959672 | Salahieh | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7959674 | Shu | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7967857 | Lane | Jun 2011 | B2 |
7972378 | Tabor | Jul 2011 | B2 |
7988724 | Salahieh | Aug 2011 | B2 |
7993394 | Hariton | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8016877 | Seguin | Sep 2011 | B2 |
D648854 | Braido | Nov 2011 | S |
8048153 | Salahieh | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8052741 | Bruszewski | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8052749 | Salahieh | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8052750 | Tuval | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8062355 | Figulla | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8075611 | Millwee | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8083793 | Lane | Dec 2011 | B2 |
D652926 | Braido | Jan 2012 | S |
D652927 | Braido | Jan 2012 | S |
D653341 | Braido | Jan 2012 | S |
D653342 | Braido | Jan 2012 | S |
D653343 | Ness | Jan 2012 | S |
D654169 | Braido | Feb 2012 | S |
D654170 | Braido | Feb 2012 | S |
8137398 | Tuval | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8142497 | Friedman | Mar 2012 | B2 |
D660432 | Braido | May 2012 | S |
D660433 | Braido | May 2012 | S |
D660967 | Braido | May 2012 | S |
8182528 | Salahieh | May 2012 | B2 |
8221493 | Boyle | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8226710 | Nguyen | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8230717 | Matonick | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8231670 | Salahieh | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8252051 | Chau | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8308798 | Pintor | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8313525 | Tuval | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8323335 | Rowe | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8323336 | Hill | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8343213 | Salahieh | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8348995 | Tuval | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8348996 | Tuval | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8348998 | Pintor | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8349000 | Schreck | Jan 2013 | B2 |
8366769 | Huynh | Feb 2013 | B2 |
8403983 | Quadri | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8408214 | Spenser | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8414643 | Tuval | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8425593 | Braido | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8449599 | Chau | May 2013 | B2 |
8449604 | Moaddeb | May 2013 | B2 |
8454685 | Hariton | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8454686 | Alkhatib | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8500798 | Rowe | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8512396 | Styrc | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8568474 | Yeung | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8579962 | Salahieh | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8579966 | Seguin | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8585755 | Chau | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8591575 | Cribier | Nov 2013 | B2 |
8597349 | Alkhatib | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8603159 | Seguin | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8603160 | Salahieh | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8613765 | Bonhoeffer | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8623074 | Ryan | Jan 2014 | B2 |
8652204 | Quill | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8663322 | Keraenen | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8668733 | Haug | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8673000 | Tabor | Mar 2014 | B2 |
8685080 | White | Apr 2014 | B2 |
8728154 | Alkhatib | May 2014 | B2 |
8747459 | Nguyen | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8747460 | Tuval | Jun 2014 | B2 |
8764820 | Dehdashtian | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8771345 | Tuval | Jul 2014 | B2 |
8795357 | Yohanan | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8801776 | House | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8808356 | Braido | Aug 2014 | B2 |
8828078 | Salahieh | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8834563 | Righini | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8840663 | Salahieh | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8845721 | Braido | Sep 2014 | B2 |
8876894 | Tuval | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8876895 | Tuval | Nov 2014 | B2 |
8940040 | Shahriari | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8945209 | Bonyuet | Feb 2015 | B2 |
8961595 | Alkhatib | Feb 2015 | B2 |
8974523 | Thill | Mar 2015 | B2 |
8974524 | Yeung | Mar 2015 | B2 |
8992608 | Haug | Mar 2015 | B2 |
9393110 | Levi | Jul 2016 | B2 |
20010021872 | Bailey | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010027338 | Greenberg | Oct 2001 | A1 |
20010039450 | Pavcnik | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20010041928 | Pavcnik | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020032481 | Gabbay | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020036220 | Gabbay | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020055774 | Liddicoat | May 2002 | A1 |
20020173842 | Buchanan | Nov 2002 | A1 |
20030023303 | Palmaz | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030040792 | Gabbay | Feb 2003 | A1 |
20030050694 | Yang | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030100939 | Yodfat | May 2003 | A1 |
20030114913 | Spenser | Jun 2003 | A1 |
20030130726 | Thorpe | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030212454 | Scott | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20030236567 | Elliot | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20030236568 | Hojeibane | Dec 2003 | A1 |
20040033364 | Spiridigliozzi | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040039436 | Spenser | Feb 2004 | A1 |
20040049262 | Obermiller | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040082989 | Cook | Apr 2004 | A1 |
20040093075 | Kuehne | May 2004 | A1 |
20040111111 | Lin | Jun 2004 | A1 |
20040186565 | Schreck | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040193261 | Berreklouw | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040210304 | Seguin | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20040260389 | Case | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050043790 | Seguin | Feb 2005 | A1 |
20050075718 | Nguyen | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050075725 | Rowe | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050096726 | Sequin | May 2005 | A1 |
20050137682 | Justino | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137695 | Salahieh | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050137697 | Salahieh | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050203605 | Dolan | Sep 2005 | A1 |
20050234546 | Nugent | Oct 2005 | A1 |
20050256566 | Gabbay | Nov 2005 | A1 |
20050283231 | Haug | Dec 2005 | A1 |
20060004442 | Spenser | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060008497 | Gabbay | Jan 2006 | A1 |
20060025855 | Lashinski | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060025857 | Bergheim | Feb 2006 | A1 |
20060074484 | Huber | Apr 2006 | A1 |
20060122692 | Gilad | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20060149309 | Paul | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060149350 | Patel | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060149360 | Schwammenthal | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060161249 | Realyvasquez | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20060173532 | Flagle | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060178740 | Stacchino | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060195186 | Drews | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060206202 | Bonhoeffer | Sep 2006 | A1 |
20060229719 | Marquez | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060235508 | Lane | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060241744 | Beith | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060241745 | Solem | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20060259120 | Vongphakdy | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259136 | Nguyen | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060259137 | Artof | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060265056 | Nguyen | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060276813 | Greenberg | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20060276874 | Wilson | Dec 2006 | A1 |
20070010876 | Salahieh | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070016285 | Lane | Jan 2007 | A1 |
20070027534 | Bergheim | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070043435 | Seguin | Feb 2007 | A1 |
20070055358 | Krolik | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070067029 | Gabbay | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070073387 | Forster | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070093890 | Eliasen | Apr 2007 | A1 |
20070100435 | Case | May 2007 | A1 |
20070118210 | Pinchuk | May 2007 | A1 |
20070213813 | Von Segesser | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20070233228 | Eberhardt | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070239265 | Birdsall | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070244545 | Birdsall | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070244552 | Salahieh | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20070270944 | Bergheim | Nov 2007 | A1 |
20070288087 | Fearnot | Dec 2007 | A1 |
20080021546 | Patz | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080021552 | Gabbay | Jan 2008 | A1 |
20080039934 | Styrc | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080071361 | Tuval | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080071369 | Tuval | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080077236 | Letac | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20080082164 | Friedman | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080097595 | Gabbay | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080114452 | Gabbay | May 2008 | A1 |
20080125853 | Bailey | May 2008 | A1 |
20080140189 | Nguyen | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080147183 | Styrc | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154355 | Benichou | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080154356 | Obermiller | Jun 2008 | A1 |
20080208327 | Rowe | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080243245 | Thambar | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080243246 | Ryan | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080255662 | Stacchino | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080262602 | Wilk | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080269879 | Sathe | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090099653 | Suri | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090112309 | Jaramillo | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090138079 | Tuval | May 2009 | A1 |
20090192599 | Lane | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090264997 | Salahieh | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090276027 | Glynn | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090287296 | Manasse | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090287299 | Tabor | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20100004740 | Seguin | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100008548 | Matsuoka | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100036484 | Hariton | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100049306 | House | Feb 2010 | A1 |
20100082094 | Quadri | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100087907 | Lattouf | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100100176 | Elizondo | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100131055 | Case | May 2010 | A1 |
20100168778 | Braido | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100168839 | Braido | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100168844 | Toomes | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100185277 | Braido | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100191326 | Alkhatib | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100204781 | Alkhatib | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100204785 | Alkhatib | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100217382 | Chau | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20100234940 | Dolan | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100249911 | Alkhatib | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100249923 | Alkhatib | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100262231 | Tuval | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20100286768 | Alkhatib | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20100298931 | Quadri | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20110022157 | Essinger | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110029072 | Gabbay | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110054466 | Rothstein | Mar 2011 | A1 |
20110098800 | Braido | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110098802 | Braido | Apr 2011 | A1 |
20110137397 | Chau | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110172765 | Nguyen | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110208283 | Rust | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110264206 | Tabor | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110282439 | Thill | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110301692 | Seguin | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110319988 | Schankereli | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120035719 | Forster | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120035722 | Tuval | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120046742 | Tuval | Feb 2012 | A1 |
20120078347 | Braido | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120078357 | Conklin | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120083878 | Sequin | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120101572 | Kovalsky | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120123529 | Levi | May 2012 | A1 |
20120179244 | Schankereli | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120215303 | Quadri | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20120232646 | Agathos | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120277856 | Spenser | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120296418 | Bonyuet | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120303116 | Gorman, III | Nov 2012 | A1 |
20120316642 | Yu | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130018458 | Yohanan | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130023984 | Conklin | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20130150956 | Yohanan | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130204359 | Thubrikar | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130211508 | Lane | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130218267 | Braido | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130274870 | Lombardi | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130274873 | Delaloye | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130338765 | Braido | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140121763 | Duffy | May 2014 | A1 |
20140142694 | Tabor | May 2014 | A1 |
20140155997 | Braido | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140194981 | Menk | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140214159 | Vidlund | Jul 2014 | A1 |
20140228946 | Chau | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140303719 | Cox | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140324164 | Gross | Oct 2014 | A1 |
20140343671 | Yohanan | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140350663 | Braido | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140350665 | Braido | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140350667 | Braido | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140350668 | Delaloye | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140350669 | Gillespie | Nov 2014 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2571047 | Jan 2006 | CA |
2246526 | Mar 1973 | DE |
19532846 | Mar 1997 | DE |
19546692 | Jun 1997 | DE |
19907646 | Aug 2000 | DE |
10049812 | Apr 2002 | DE |
10049813 | Apr 2002 | DE |
10049814 | Apr 2002 | DE |
10049815 | Apr 2002 | DE |
19857887 | May 2005 | DE |
10121210 | Nov 2005 | DE |
202008009610 | Dec 2008 | DE |
0103546 | Mar 1984 | EP |
0144167 | Jun 1985 | EP |
0592410 | Apr 1994 | EP |
0515324 | Dec 1996 | EP |
0850607 | Jul 1998 | EP |
0597967 | Dec 1999 | EP |
1000590 | May 2000 | EP |
1057460 | Dec 2000 | EP |
1088529 | Apr 2001 | EP |
1360942 | Nov 2003 | EP |
1570809 | Sep 2005 | EP |
1584306 | Oct 2005 | EP |
1598031 | Nov 2005 | EP |
1360942 | Dec 2005 | EP |
1600127 | Nov 2006 | EP |
1926455 | Jun 2008 | EP |
2047824 | Apr 2009 | EP |
2219558 | Aug 2010 | EP |
2254513 | Dec 2010 | EP |
2059192 | Jul 2011 | EP |
2537487 | Dec 2012 | EP |
2620125 | Jul 2013 | EP |
2749254 | Jul 2014 | EP |
2815723 | Dec 2014 | EP |
2815724 | Dec 2014 | EP |
2815725 | Dec 2014 | EP |
3025680 | Jun 2016 | EP |
3025681 | Feb 2017 | EP |
2788217 | Jul 2000 | FR |
2850008 | Jul 2004 | FR |
2847800 | Oct 2005 | FR |
1477643 | Jun 1977 | GB |
2056023 | Mar 1981 | GB |
2003505146 | Feb 2003 | JP |
2003518984 | Jun 2003 | JP |
2004520879 | Jul 2004 | JP |
2007534381 | Nov 2007 | JP |
2008541865 | Nov 2008 | JP |
2011500241 | Jan 2011 | JP |
2011522634 | Aug 2011 | JP |
2011528256 | Nov 2011 | JP |
2012504031 | Feb 2012 | JP |
6290573 | Sep 2013 | JP |
15898 | Jun 1930 | SU |
1271508 | Nov 1986 | SU |
1371700 | Feb 1988 | SU |
1457921 | Feb 1989 | SU |
9117720 | Nov 1991 | WO |
9217118 | Oct 1992 | WO |
9301768 | Feb 1993 | WO |
9301768 | Feb 1993 | WO |
9716133 | May 1997 | WO |
9724080 | Jul 1997 | WO |
9832412 | Jul 1998 | WO |
1998029057 | Jul 1998 | WO |
9913801 | Mar 1999 | WO |
9933414 | Jul 1999 | WO |
9940964 | Aug 1999 | WO |
9947075 | Sep 1999 | WO |
2000018333 | Apr 2000 | WO |
2000041652 | Jul 2000 | WO |
200047139 | Aug 2000 | WO |
2001028459 | Apr 2001 | WO |
2001035878 | May 2001 | WO |
0149213 | Jul 2001 | WO |
0156500 | Aug 2001 | WO |
200162189 | Aug 2001 | WO |
2001054624 | Aug 2001 | WO |
2001054625 | Aug 2001 | WO |
0164137 | Sep 2001 | WO |
0166035 | Sep 2001 | WO |
0166037 | Sep 2001 | WO |
2001076510 | Oct 2001 | WO |
2002022054 | Mar 2002 | WO |
2002036048 | May 2002 | WO |
2002041789 | May 2002 | WO |
0246540 | Jun 2002 | WO |
0247575 | Jun 2002 | WO |
2002049540 | Jun 2002 | WO |
03003949 | Jan 2003 | WO |
03037222 | May 2003 | WO |
2003047468 | Jun 2003 | WO |
2003075799 | Sep 2003 | WO |
2004016200 | Feb 2004 | WO |
2005062980 | Jul 2005 | WO |
2005087140 | Sep 2005 | WO |
2005102015 | Nov 2005 | WO |
2006009690 | Jan 2006 | WO |
2006014233 | Feb 2006 | WO |
2006034008 | Mar 2006 | WO |
2006073626 | Jul 2006 | WO |
2006124649 | Nov 2006 | WO |
2006127765 | Nov 2006 | WO |
2006128193 | Nov 2006 | WO |
2007009117 | Jan 2007 | WO |
2007053243 | May 2007 | WO |
2006130505 | Jun 2007 | WO |
2007071436 | Jun 2007 | WO |
2008005405 | Jan 2008 | WO |
2008028569 | Mar 2008 | WO |
2008035337 | Mar 2008 | WO |
2008070797 | Jun 2008 | WO |
2008089365 | Jul 2008 | WO |
2008100600 | Aug 2008 | WO |
2008147964 | Dec 2008 | WO |
2008150529 | Dec 2008 | WO |
2009024859 | Feb 2009 | WO |
2009042196 | Apr 2009 | WO |
2009045338 | Apr 2009 | WO |
2009053497 | Apr 2009 | WO |
2009061389 | May 2009 | WO |
2009149462 | Dec 2009 | WO |
2010008548 | Jan 2010 | WO |
2010008549 | Jan 2010 | WO |
2010037141 | Apr 2010 | WO |
2010096176 | Aug 2010 | WO |
2010098857 | Sep 2010 | WO |
2010141847 | Dec 2010 | WO |
2011057087 | May 2011 | WO |
2012032187 | Mar 2012 | WO |
2012161786 | Nov 2012 | WO |
2002043620 | Jun 2022 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Ruiz, Carlos, “Overview of PRE-CE Mark Transcatheter Aortic Valve Technologies”, Euro PCR, May 25, 2010. |
Sabbah, A. N. et al., “Mechanical Factors in the Degeneration of Porcine Bioprosthetic Valves: An Overview,” Dec. 1989, Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 4(4):302-309. |
Selby, M.D., J. Bayne, “Experience with New Retrieval Forceps for Foreign Body Removal in the Vascular, Urinary, and Biliary Systems,” Radiology 1990; 176:535-538. |
Serruys, P.W., et al., “Stenting of Coronary Arteries. Are we the Sorcerer's Apprentice?,” European Heart Journal (1989) 10, 774-782, pp. 37-45, Jun. 13, 1989. |
Sigwart, U., “An Overview of Intravascular Stents: Old and New,” Chapter 48, Interventional Cardiology, 2nd Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, © 1994, 1990, pp. 803-815. |
Swiatkiewicz, et al., “Percutaneous closure of mitral perivalvular leak,” Kardiologia Polska, vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 762-764, Jul. 2009. |
U.S. Appl. No. 13/572,842, filed Aug. 13, 2012, Kovalsky. |
U.S. Appl. No. 29/375,260, filed Sep. 20, 2010. |
Uchida, Barry T., et al., “Modifications of Gianturco Expandable Wire Stents,” AJR:150, May 1988, Dec. 3, 1987, pp. 1185-1187. |
Urban, M.D., Philip, “Coronary Artery Stenting,” Editions Medecine et Hygiene, Geneve, 1991, pp. 5-47. |
Watt, A.H., et al. “Intravenous Adenosine in the Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia; a Dose-Ranging Study and Interaction with Dipyridamole,” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (1986), 21, 227-230. |
Wheatley, M.D., David J., “Valve Prostheses,” Rob & Smith's Operative Surgery, Fourth Edition, pp. 415-424, Butterworths 1986. |
Zegdi, Rachid, MD, PhD et al., “Is It Reasonable to Treat All Calcified Stenotic Aortic Valves With a Valved Stent?” 579-584, J. of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 51. No. 5, Feb. 5, 2008. |
“Transluminal Implantation of Artificial Heart Valves”, Andersen, H. R., et al., European Heart Journal, vol. 13, No. 5, May 1992, pp. 704-708. |
Al Zaibag, Muayed, et al., “Percutaneous Balloon Valvotomy in Tricuspid Stenosis,” British Heart Journal, Jan. 1987, vol. 57, No. 1,pp. 51-53. |
Al-Khaja, N., et al., “Eleven Years' Experience with Carpentier-Edwards Biological Valves in Relation to Survival and complications,” European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 3:305-311, Jun. 30, 2009. |
Almagor, Y. et al., “Balloon Expandable Stent Implantation in Stenotic Right Heart Valved Conduits,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Nov. 1, 1990, 16(6):1310-1314. |
Andersen HR, Knudsen LL, Hasenkam JM. Transluminal implantation of artificial heart valves. Description of a new expandable aortic valve and initial results with implantation by catheter technique in closed chest pigs. European heart Journal. May 1, 1992;13(5):704-8. |
Andersen, H. R., “History of Percutaneous Aortic Valve Prosthesis,” Herz, Aug. 2009, 34(5):343-346. |
Andersen, Henning Rud, Transluminal Catheter Implanted Prosthetic Heart Valves, International Journal of Angiology 7:102-106 (1998). |
Benchimol, Alberto, et al., “Simultaneous Left Ventricular Echocardiography and Aortic Blood Velocity During Rapid Right Ventricular Pacing in Man,” The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Jan.-Feb. 1977 vol. 273, No. 1, pp. 55-62. |
Braido, et al., U.S. Appl. No. 61/134,995, filed Jul. 15, 2008, titled “Collapsible and Re-Expandable Prosthetic Heart Valve Cuff Designs and Complementary Technological Applications”. |
Braido, et al., U.S. Appl. No. 29/375,243, filed Sep. 20, 2010, titled “Surgical Stent Assembly”. |
Buellesfeld L. et al., “Percutaneous Implantation of the First Repositionable Aortic Valve Prosthesis in a Patient With Severe Aortic Stenosis”, Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, (Mar. 24, 2008), vol. 71, pp. 579-584, XP055338603. |
Buellesfeld, et al., “Treatment of paravalvular leaks through inverventional techniques,” Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg., Department of Cardiology, Ben University Hospital, pp. 1-8, Jan. 2011. |
Cowie, A.P., “Adjacent”, Oxford Advanced Learner's, 4th Edition, Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 15. |
Curriculum Vitae of Robert A. Ersek, M.D., Facs, Jul. 10, 2009, http://www.ersek.com/rae-cv.htm. |
De Cicco, et al., “Aortic Valve Periprosthetic Leakage: Anatomic Observations and Surgical Results”, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, vol. 79, No. 5, May 2005, pp. 1480-1485. |
Dotter, M.D., Charles T., “Transluminal Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstruction,” University of Oregon's Minthorn Memorial Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research through Radiology, Circulation, vol. XXX, Nov. 1964, pp. 654-670. |
E. Grube et al., “Percutaneous Implantation of the CoreValve Self-Expanding Valve Prothesis in High-Risk Patients With Aortic Valve Disease. The Siegburg First-in-Man Study”, Circulation, (20060000), vol. 114, pp. 1616-1624, XP055342562. |
European Communication for Application No. 09788918.2 dated Jun. 29, 2015. |
Excerpt from Transcatheter Aortica Valve Implantation—Tips and Tricks to Avoid Failure, Patrick Serruys et al., published 2010 by Informa Healthcare, UK. |
Extended European Search Report for Application No. 14180622.4 dated Nov. 21, 2014. |
Extended European Search Report for Application No. 14180623.2 dated Nov. 24, 2014. |
Extended European Search Report for Application No. 14180625.7 dated Nov. 24, 2014. |
Extended European Search Report including the Written Opinion for Application No. EP 18201857.2, dated Jul. 9, 2019. |
Extended European Search Report including the Written Opinion for Application No. EP 18201866.3 dated Jul. 9, 2019. |
Extended European Search Report including Written Opinion for EP20160509.4 issued Nov. 30, 2020; 8 pages. |
Gössl et al., “Percutaneous Treatment of Aortic and Mitral Valve Paravalvular Regurgitation”, Current Cardiology Reports, vol. 15, No. 8, Aug. 2013, pp. 1-8. |
Heat Advisor, “Heart Repairs Without Surgery: Minimally Invasive Procedures Aim to Correct Valve Leakage”, Technology Frontier, Sep. 2004, pp. 4-5. |
Hourihan, et al., “Transcatheter Umbrella Closure of Valvular and Paravalvular Leaks,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1371-1377, Nov. 1992. |
Inoune, M.D., Kanji et al., “Clinical Application of Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy by a New Balloon Catheter,” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 87:394-402, 1984. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion PCT/US2014/020872 dated Mar. 19, 2014. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion PCT/US2014/020872 dated May 19, 2014. |
International Search Report from corresponding PCT application No. PCT/US2011/054973 dated Apr. 23, 2012. |
International Search Report PCT/US2009/004094 dated Mar. 3, 2010. |
Knudsen LL, Andersen HR, Hasenkam JM. Catheter-Implanted Prosthetic Heart Valves: Transluminal catheter Implantation of a new expandable artificial heart valve in the descending thoracic aorta in isolated vessels and closed chest pigs. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. May 1993;16(5):253-62. |
Kolata, Gina, “Device That Opens Clogged Arteries Gets a Failing Grade in a New Study,” nytimes.com, http://www.iytimes.com/1991/01/03/health/device-that-opens-clogged-arteri- es-gets-a-faili . . . , Jul. 29, 2009, 2 pages. |
Lawrence, Jr., M.D., David D., “Percutaneous Endovascular Graft: Experimental Evaluation,” Radiology 1897; 163:357-360. |
Merriam Webster definition of “retard,” www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retard, printed Jun. 13, 2016. |
Opposition Opinion for EP Application No. 15201540.0, dated Aug. 16, 2018. |
Pavcnik, M.D., Ph.D., Dusan, et al. “Development and Initial Experimental Evaluation of a Prosthetic Aortic Valve for Transcatheter Placement,” Cardiovascular Radiology 1992; 183:151-154. |
Porstmann, W., et al., “Der Verschlu.beta. des Ductus Arteriosus Persistens ohne Thorakotomie,” Thoraxchirurgie Vaskulare Chirurgie, Band 15, Heft 2, Stuttgart, im Apr. 1967, pp. 199-203, English translation of Abstract only. |
Quaden et al., “Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: resection before implantation”, European J. of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, vol. 27, Issue 5, pp. 836-840, May 2005. |
Rashkind, M.D., William J., “Creationof an Atrial Septal Defect Withoput Thoracotomy,” the Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 196, No. 11, Jun. 13, 1966, pp. 173-174. |
Rashkind, W. J., “Historical Aspects of Interventional Cardiology: Past, Present, Future,” Texas Heart Institute Journal, Dec. 1986, 13(4):363-367. |
Rodriguez et al., “Guidance of Treatment of Pehvalvular Prosthetic Leaks”, Current Cardiology Reports, vol. 16, No. 1, Nov. 2013, pp. 1-6. |
Rohde, et al., “Resection of Calcified Aortic Heart Leaflets In Vitro by Q-Switched 2 pm Microsecond Laser Radiation”, Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 30(2): 157-62. Feb. 2015. |
Rosch, M.D., Josef, “The Birth, Early Years and Future of Interventional Radiology,” J Vasc Intery Radiol 2003; 14:841-853. |
Ross, F.R.C.S., D.N., “Aortic Valve Surgery,” Guy's Hospital, London, pp. 192-197, Jan. 1968. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20230109271 A1 | Apr 2023 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61134995 | Jul 2008 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 18047875 | Oct 2022 | US |
Child | 18063214 | US | |
Parent | 16391393 | Apr 2019 | US |
Child | 18047875 | US | |
Parent | 12737256 | US | |
Child | 14333781 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15468466 | Mar 2017 | US |
Child | 16391393 | US | |
Parent | 15146941 | May 2016 | US |
Child | 15468466 | US | |
Parent | 14333781 | Jul 2014 | US |
Child | 15146941 | US |