1. Field
This disclosure relates to adjustment of colors in color reproduction devices, more particularly to processing of user-designated color adjustments.
2. Background
Color reproduction devices take a colored original and convert it into image data that is then reproduced on another substrate. These devices may include stand-alone copiers and fax machines, and multi-function peripherals (MFP) that combine these functions into one device. The printing substrate is typically paper, but can include photographic paper, transparencies, etc.
Some of these devices allow the user to adjust the colors of the original through a front control panel. Similar to increasing or decreasing the lightness in a black and white original, the user may choose to boost or reduce colors. However, this may cause problems in the color image processing that occur after the original is scanned.
In a typical color reproduction device, the original image is scanned and converted to red-green-blue (RGB) data. This data is then converted to luminance/chrominance color space, referred to as LAB, LCC or opponent color space. In an 8-bit system with values between 0 and 255, neutral colors are typically represented with the value 128 on the two opponent color axes. After adjustment by the user, chromaticity values may exceed thresholds or trigger values established in unadjusted cases of the color image processes.
For example, many color reproduction devices perform background detection and suppression in which background colors may be removed. This is common when the original image resides on a colored piece of paper. The background color is removed to prevent rendering of the background in the printer, which wastes resources and takes a longer amount of time. This process often uses a threshold that allows near-neutral colors to be removed from the image. After the user adjusts the colors, the value shifts may cause the background to be rendered in the copy.
Another problem may occur if the user makes a large gain adjustment. The values of colors already near a maximum value become limit-clipped. This results in loss of chromatic gradations. Subsequent operations cannot restore these chromatic gradations after they have been clipped. These images are rendered as uniform or nearly uniform, degrading the quality of the resulting reproduction.
Therefore, it would seem useful to have a method of adjusting user-designated color inputs to avoid interfering with further color image processing.
One aspect of the invention is a method for adjusting colors in a color reproduction device. A user input is received indicating a color adjustment for a color original. This is then used to select a transform. The transform is applied to color values to produce adjusted color values. The adjusted color values are then used in further processing and eventually converted into the printer color space. The effect of applying the transform allows the original image to be altered in accordance with the user's wishes without having adverse effects on further processing such as background removal.
The invention may be best understood by reading the disclosure with reference to the drawings, wherein:
At 16, the process applies color adjustment to make any user-designated color modifications in such a manner as to prevent adverse effects further on in the pipeline. This process will be discussed in more detail with regard to
Once whichever of the above processes, optional or not, are completed, the adjusted LCC data is converted into the printer color space, referred to as the printer space, at 26. In most cases, the printer space will be cyan-yellow-magenta-black (CMYK). In some instances it may be cyan-magenta-yellow (CMY). The printer space data is then halftoned at 28 and printed.
As mentioned above, the user may desire to make modifications of the colors in the original image. This would be received through a front control panel interface or some other form of user interface with the reproduction device. The user may be interfacing with a copier or printer across a network, having scanned the original at a workstation. The user interface in that instance may be a pop-up window on the user's workstation.
One embodiment of the process of receiving and processing user modifications to the colors is shown in
The user input will more than likely translate into one of three options. The user could make an input to boost the colors, an input to reduce the colors, or make no input. For purposes of this discussion, no adjustment will be still considered a user input of no adjustment, even though the user will not actually make an input. Once the user input has been determined, the color adjustment process of 16 in
The transform used can be one of several types, including a difference exponential function, a difference polynomial function, a high order, second order or higher, polynomial, or a piecewise linear function. In addition, the color adjustment transform could be a table constructed by hand. Typically, the transform will be embodied in a lookup table (LUT), but the adjustment equations could be applied at run time.
A graph of a first transform is shown in
Application of this invention will typically cause a larger change through the mid-region of input data values. The change is non-uniformly applied and therefore will not preserve the metric properties of a perceptually uniform color space, such as LAB. A large boost of color values in the opponent space will produce a large change in perceived chroma. A linear curve that results in a large boost has the undesired consequence of producing large degrees of clipping. Therefore, it is desirable to apply a large change in color values at low original chroma and to reduce the amount of amplification at higher original chroma. A sigmoidally-shaped chroma amplification curve achieves the goal. This is of particular value for the case of limited user control options; that is, if a user control interface permits only a few boost or reduce color settings.
In an alternate embodiment, for the boost case, an inflection point near the origin is introduced to postpone the changes in output value near neutrality and thus avoid amplification of background or stray color to a level that interferes with subsequent operations.
It is similarly possible to add such an inflection region in the reduction curves shown in
In the curves shown in
The equations used in
and the adjustment values are calculated as:
KA, KB and K are coefficients and a prefactor, respectively, that allow selection of the overall gain and onset retardation. For example, for one of the above curves, KA was 0.036, KB was 0.21 and K was 0. 14. FA is normalized to the range 0:1 by subtracting the minimum and dividing by the maximum. FB should also be normalized, with the typical KB coefficients already so ranged.
Typically, this process will be implemented in software, such as microcode in a digital signal processor (DSP). The implementation may also be in a central processing unit (CPU) or application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In the case of the DSP or CPU, the methods of the invention could be distributed as a code file that is loaded into the processor. It is possible an ASIC may have a loaded file as well, although typically ASICs are just replaced with new ones. Additionally, this may be embodied in a printer driver, in the case of a user having a scanner at a workstation and printing to a printer. The printer driver may include embodiments of this invention to allow the user to adapt the reproduction of the scanned original. The code, or software, when executed, would result in the methods of the invention being applied.
In this manner, the color values are adjusted in accordance with the user wishes, but not in such a way as to cause problems in further processing. One such example was in the background removal process. By adjusting the colors using curves such as those shown in
Thus, although there has been described to this point a particular embodiment for a method and apparatus for color adjustment in color reproduction devices, it is not intended that such specific references be considered as limitations upon the scope of this invention except in-so-far as set forth in the following claims.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20020135787 A1 | Sep 2002 | US |