Patent Grant
7796181
The present invention relates to an element and a device that convert the color temperature of incident light and an illuminator equipped with them.
An electronic flash device that radiates artificial light onto a subject being photographed may illuminate the subject by altering the color temperature of the illuminating light for optimal photographic expression. In addition, in an environment in which the color temperature of light illuminating the subject changes, e.g., an environment in which the illuminating light switches from sunlight to incandescent light, the color temperature may be corrected by inserting a color glass filter in an optical system of the camera so as to accurately reproduce the color tone. However, only limited color temperature correction is achieved and the color temperature cannot be corrected in a continuous manner either by combining the use of auxiliary light from a strobe or by using a color glass filter.
An imaging filter constituted with a liquid crystal is used in the known art in order to continuously correct the color temperature over a wide range (for instance, patent reference literature 1). Through such a color temperature correction filter, which is formed by filling a cell with a guest host liquid crystal material containing a dichroic pigment varying light absorption characteristics in correspondence to specific molecular arrangements, the color temperature of the incident light is altered by controlling the arrangement of the pigment molecules and thus altering the level of the absorption of light with a short wavelength as a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal.
Patent reference literature 1: Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication No. 2001-054121 (page 3 and FIGS. 1 and 3)
As the color temperature correction filter disclosed in patent reference literature 1 described above is achieved based upon the principle whereby the spectral characteristics of the light absorption via the dichroic pigment are controlled through voltage application, the light energy absorbed in the dichroic pigment is bound to degrade the pigment molecules and generate heat in the color temperature correction filter. These phenomena become more pronounced particularly when the color temperature is controlled by transmitting illuminating light with a high level of light emission intensity, giving rise to a problem in that the function of the color temperature correction filter is diminished.
According to the 1st aspect of the present invention, a color temperature conversion element comprises: a diffractive optical element that includes a polymer and a liquid crystal and diffracts light with a specific wavelength in incident light.
According to the 2nd aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the diffractive optical element is a curved multilayer film formed by alternately layering a polymer layer and a liquid crystal layer.
According to the 3rd aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 1st or the 2nd aspect, it is preferred that: the diffractive optical element is curved so that a concave surface of the diffractive optical element faces a light entry side; and the light diffracted at the diffractive optical element is emitted as reflected light to the light entry side.
According to the 4th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that: there is further provided an electrode that applies an electrical field to the diffractive optical element; and the diffractive optical element allows the incident light to be transmitted when a voltage is applied to the electrode.
According to the 5th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 4th aspect, it is preferred that: there is further provided a first transparent substrate at which a common electrode is formed and a second transparent substrate at which a plurality of divided electrodes are formed; and the diffractive optical element is disposed in a space formed by disposing the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate so as to face opposite each other.
According to the 6th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 5th aspect, it is preferred that: the divided electrodes each include a transparent electrically conductive film formed in correspondence to one of a plurality of areas into which a surface of the second transparent substrate is divided; and a transmittance or a diffraction rate of the incident light entering the color temperature conversion element can be altered by arbitrarily selecting electrodes to which the voltage is to be applied.
According to the 7th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion element according to the 6th aspect, it is preferred that: the diffractive optical element allows the incident light to be transmitted over an area corresponding to a divided electrode with the voltage applied between the divided electrode and the common electrode; and the diffractive optical element diffracts part of the incident light in a specific wavelength range over an area corresponding to a divided electrode with no voltage applied between the divided electrode and the common electrode.
According to the 8th aspect of the present invention, a color temperature conversion device comprises a plurality of color temperature conversion elements according to any one of the 1st through 7th aspects, layered one on top of another, and the plurality of color temperature conversion elements respectively diffract light fluxes in different wavelength ranges.
According to the 9th aspect of the present invention, a color temperature conversion device comprises: a color temperature conversion element according to any one of the 5 through 7; a control unit that selects one or more divided electrodes among the plurality of divided electrodes to which the voltage is to be applied; and a voltage application unit that applies the voltage to the divided electrodes having been selected by the control unit.
According to the 10th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion device according to the 9th aspect, it is preferred that the control unit selects the divided electrodes so as to achieve a specific value for a color temperature of transmitted light to be transmitted through the color temperature conversion element or of reflected light to be reflected at the color temperature conversion element.
According to the 11th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion device according to the 9th aspect, it is preferred that the control unit selects the divided electrodes so as to achieve specific values for a color temperature and a color hue of transmitted light to be transmitted through the color temperature conversion element or of reflected light to be reflected at the color temperature conversion element.
According to the 12th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion device according to the 9th aspect, it is preferred that: there is further provided a color temperature detection unit that detects a color temperature of incident light entering the color temperature conversion device; and the control unit selects divided electrodes to which the voltage is to be applied based upon the color temperature detected by the color temperature detection unit.
According to the 13th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion device according to any one of the 9th through 11th aspects, it is preferred that: there is further provided a color temperature detection unit that detects a color temperature of incident light entering the color temperature conversion device; and the control unit sets a color temperature to be achieved for transmitted light to be transmitted through the color temperature conversion element or of reflected light to be reflected at the color temperature conversion element based upon color temperature information detected via the color temperature detection unit and selects divided electrodes to which the voltage is to be applied so as to achieve the color temperature having been set.
According to the 14th aspect of the present invention, an illuminator comprises: a color temperature conversion element according to any one of the 1st through 7th aspects; and an illuminating light source that emits an illuminating light flux into the color temperature conversion element.
According to the 15th aspect of the present invention, an illuminator comprises: a color temperature conversion device according to any one of the 8th through 13th aspects; and an illuminating light source that emits an illuminating light flux into the color temperature conversion element.
According to the 16th aspect of the present invention, a camera comprises: an imaging unit that captures an image of a subject; and a color temperature conversion element according to any one of the 1st through 7th aspects, disposed on an optical path extending from the subject to the imaging unit.
According to the 17th aspect of the present invention, a camera comprises: an imaging unit that captures an image of a subject; and an illuminator according to the 14th or 15th aspect which illuminates the subject.
According to the 18th aspect of the present invention, a color temperature conversion method comprises: controlling a state of voltage application to a diffractive optical element including a polymer and a liquid crystal; and selectively diffracting light with a specific wavelength in incident light entering the diffractive optical element in correspondence to the state of voltage application.
According to the 19th aspect of the present invention, in the color temperature conversion method according to the 18th aspect, it is preferred that the light with the specific wavelength in the incident light entering the diffractive optical element is diffracted by controlling a plurality of divided electrodes at the diffractive optical element independently of one another.
According to the present invention, when converting the color temperature of incident light, light with a predetermined wavelength in the incident light is diffracted and thus, the color temperature conversion element is able to maintain its function without becoming degraded by light absorption.
The following is an explanation of illuminators achieved by adopting the present invention, given in reference to
It is to be noted that since the color temperature conversion element 10, the driver 20, the control circuit 30 and the color sensor 40 constitute a color temperature conversion device, the illuminator 100 in the embodiment can be regarded to comprise the light source 1 and the color temperature conversion device. In an alternative configuration, the driver 20, the control circuit 30 and the color sensor 40 may be provided as units separate from the illuminator 100, and in such a case, the illuminator 100 comprises the light source 1 and the color temperature conversion element 10. The color sensor 40 is not an essential component of the illuminator 100.
The light source 1, which may be a xenon discharge tube that emits white light, ranges along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the paper on which the figure is drawn. The light source 1 is disposed at the focusing position achieved via the reflecting mirror 2, which is a semi-cylindrical mirror ranging along the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and thus, the illuminating light L reflected at the reflecting mirror 2 becomes parallel light which then enters the color temperature conversion element 10 along a direction perpendicular to the color temperature conversion element. The color temperature conversion element 10 is driven with a drive signal output from the driver 20, which, in turn, is controlled by the control circuit 30. The control circuit 30 generates the drive signal, which is to be output from the driver 20 to the color temperature conversion element 10, based upon a signal provided from the color sensor 40. The color sensor 40 is a color temperature sensor that detects light entering from the outside, e.g., subject light L10. Namely, the control circuit 30 controls the color temperature of the auxiliary light output from the illuminator 100 based upon the color temperature of the subject detected at the color sensor 40.
Next, in reference to
As shown in
As shown in
In
In
As described above, the diffractive optical element 17 functions as a phase-type diffraction grating that alters the refractive index distribution for illuminating light in a specific wavelength range in correspondence to the state of an electrical field formed by applying a voltage.
The illuminating light L is white light and the diffractive optical element 17 of the color temperature conversion element 10 is set so as to function as a diffraction grating only for blue light in the illuminating light L, e.g., light in a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm. The function of the diffractive optical element 17 as the diffraction grating is engaged in conjunction with auxiliary photographic light in order to prevent the face of a person from appearing pallid when the light discharged from the xenon light source 1 tends to take on a bluish tinge on the subject, e.g., when photographing the person at dusk or when photographing a person in a high-grade restaurant.
The color temperature conversion element 10 achieved in the first embodiment outputs the illuminating light after altering its color temperature by controlling the diffractive optical element 17 constituting the phase-type diffraction grating in units of the individual divided ITO films 141. Namely, the diffractive optical element 17 adopts a structure that allows the electrical field formed between the common electrode 12 and each divided ITO film 141 to be controlled independently and diffracts light entering an area corresponding to any divided ITO film 141 with no voltage applied between itself and the common electrode 12. Transmitted light L2 and diffracted light L3 are generated as a result. In addition, the diffractive optical element 17 does not diffract light entering an area corresponding to a divided ITO film 141 at which a voltage is applied and allows the illuminating light L to be transmitted in its entirety over the area. The illuminating light L is thus output as the transmitted light L5.
The control under which a voltage applied state or a voltage unapplied state is achieved between the common electrode 12 and the individual divided ITO films 141 is executed by the driver 20. The driver 20 in the embodiment applies pulse signals with predetermined voltages to the common electrode 12 and each of the individual divided ITO films 141 constituting the divided electrodes 14 and generates the voltage to be applied between the electrodes by using the difference between the two pulse signals. More specifically, it controls the voltage to be applied by controlling the phase of the pulse signal applied to the individual divided ITO film 141. In other words, by applying a pulse signal with the phase thereof reversed from the phase of the pulse signal applied to the common electrode 12, to a given divided ITO films 141, the voltage applied state in which a voltage is applied between the common electrode 12 and the divided ITO film 141 is induced, whereas by matching the phase of the pulse signal applied to the divided ITO film 141 with the phase of the pulse signal applied to the common electrode 12, the voltage unapplied state in which no voltage is applied is induced.
In reference to
As explained earlier, the illuminating light L is white light and the diffractive optical element 17 of the color temperature conversion element 10 functions as a diffraction grating only for part of the illuminating light L, i.e., blue light in the illuminating light L, in, for instance, a 400 to 500 nm wavelength range. In the following explanation, illuminating light beams L1 and L4 that originate from the light source 1 and enter the color temperature conversion element 10 via the reflecting mirror 2 are discussed.
The illuminating light beams L1 and L4 are illuminating light entering the color temperature conversion element at different entry positions. The illuminating light beam L1, which enters a divided ITO film 141, with no voltage applied between the common electrode 12 and the corresponding divided electrode 14, is split into transmitted light L2 and diffracted light L3. The diffracted light L3 has a wavelength in the 400 to 500 nm range. The diffracted light L3 is absorbed at a light absorbing member 18. Namely, the transmitted light L2 is obtained by removing the diffracted light L3 in the 400 to 500 nm wavelength range from the illuminating light L1. This means that the color temperature of the transmitted light L2 is lower than the color temperature of the illuminating light L1. The entire illuminating light beam L4, which enters a divided ITO film 141 with a voltage applied thereto, becomes transmitted light L5 although there may be a slight loss due to absorption or the like, and the transmitted light L5 maintains the initial color temperature and remains white light. The sum total of the transmitted light beams L2 and L5 is output as auxiliary photographic light.
As described above, the illuminator 100 achieved in the embodiment allows either the voltage applied state or the voltage unapplied state to be selected between the common electrode 12 and each divided ITO film 141 corresponding to a specific divided electrode 14 and thus enables the color temperature conversion element 10 to convert the color temperature of the entire transmitted light to be, output from the color temperature conversion element 10, to a desired level. Namely, the diffractive optical element 17 selectively diffracts part of the incident light at a specific wavelength in accordance with whether or not the voltage is applied between the common electrode 12 and the individual divided ITO films 141 each corresponding to a specific divided electrode 14.
The color temperature conversion achieved in the embodiment is explained in further detail in reference to the graph in
In order to achieve the desired color temperature, the voltage is applied to a plurality of divided ITO films 141 amounting to 60% of the entire area of the divided areas without applying any voltage to the plurality of divided ITO films 141 corresponding to the remaining 40% of the entire area. The driver 20 outputs a signal with a phase matching that of the signal for the common electrode 12 to the divided ITO films 141 corresponding to the 40% of the entire area of the divided areas and outputs a signal with a phase opposite to that of the signal for the common electrode 12, to the divided ITO films 141 corresponding to the 60% of the entire area. As a result, the light intensity (transmittance) II of the light in the λ1 to λH range, becomes I1=0.6×I0 and the light corresponding to the blank area A indicated with the dotted line in
The method adopted to control the color temperature of the output light by controlling the ratio of the areal total of the plurality of divided ITO films 141 to function as diffraction gratings to the entire area over which the illuminating light L enters as described above is now explained in detail.
It is assumed that the center of gravity of the spectral distribution in
T={(λ12−λL2)+(1−k)(λH2−λ12)}/2{(λ1−λL)+(1−k)(λH−λ1)} (1)
Accordingly, the diffraction ratio k should be calculated by modifying expression (1) and then optimal divided ITO films 141 to which the voltage is to be applied should be selected so as to achieve the non-diffraction ratio (1−k) calculated in correspondence to the diffraction ratio k.
In addition, expression (1) may be rewritten by incorporating the spectral characteristics of the light source (the spectral distribution of the illuminating light L) as a function ƒ, as expressed in expression (2) below.
In this case, too, the diffraction ratio k should be calculated by modifying expression (2) in a manner similar to the manner with which expression (1) is modified and then optimal divided ITO films 141 to which the voltage is to be applied should be selected so as to achieve the non-diffraction ratio (1−k).
It is to be noted that while the right side member and the left-side member do not have matching dimensions in either expression (1) or expression (2), these expressions are written for convenience by assuming that the temperature and the wavelength are represented by matching physical quantities (equivalent to each other). The diffraction ratio k is calculated in the control circuit 30.
The color temperature control for the illuminating light output from the illuminator 100 in
(1) The color sensor 40 detects the color temperature of subject light L10 and outputs it to the control circuit 30.
(2) The control circuit 30 calculates the desired color temperature T based upon the measured color temperature.
(3) The control circuit 30 calculates an unknown value, i.e., the diffraction ratio k by using expression (1) or expression (2) and selects optimal divided ITO films 141 so as to achieve an areal ratio closest to the non-diffraction ratio (1−k).
(4) Under the control executed by the control circuit 30, the driver 20 outputs a signal with a phase reversed from that of the signal for the common electrode 20 to the selected divided ITO films 141 so as to achieve the voltage applied state and outputs a signal with a phase matching that of the signal for the common electrode 12 to the divided ITO films 141 that have not been selected so as to achieve the voltage unapplied state.
By diffracting the illuminating light at the areas corresponding to the plurality of divided ITO films 141 so as to achieve the diffraction ratio k, as described above, the color temperature of the auxiliary photographic light output from the illuminator 100 can be set to the desired level and a desired color tone is achieved in the image photographed with the auxiliary photographic light. In addition, since part of the illuminating light is diffracted and is thus eliminated from the auxiliary photographic light, the degradation of color temperature conversion element is slowed down.
It is to be noted that since the full (100%) diffraction efficiency is not achieved in the actual device, the diffraction ratio k or the non-diffraction ratio (1−k) should be determined by taking into consideration the effective diffraction efficiency. In addition, it is even more desirable to determine the diffraction ratio k or the non-diffraction ratio (1−k) by also taking into consideration the light flux density (light intensity), which normally varies over the area near the optical axis and the peripheral area.
The diffractive optical element 17 described above may be manufactured as described below. A mixture containing a liquid ultraviolet-curing resin, which is the raw material of the polymer 15 and the liquid crystal drops 16a is injected into the space formed between the common electrode 12 and the divided electrodes 14 in advance and the ultraviolet-curing resin is hardened over predetermined intervals through interference exposure during which ultraviolet light is radiated from two directions. Alternatively, the liquid crystal layers 16 may be formed by cutting solidified polymer 15 with an Excimer laser and then filling the spaces where the polymer is no longer present with a liquid crystal.
Next, a first variation of the first embodiment is explained in reference to
The color temperature conversion element 10 disposed at the frontward stage along the optical path is identical to the element having been explained in reference to the first embodiment. Namely, the diffractive optical element 17 of the color temperature conversion element 10 disposed at the front stage relative to the illuminating light L diffracts light in the λ1 to λH range. While the color temperature conversion element 10A disposed at the rearward stage along the optical path adopts a structure that is basically similar to that of the color temperature conversion element 10, it diffracts light in a wavelength range different from that of the color temperature conversion element 10. Namely, a diffractive optical element 67 of the color temperature conversion element 10A diffracts light in a λ2 to λI wavelength range, i.e., wavelengths greater than those in the λ1 to λH range.
As shown in
By layering the plurality of color temperature conversion elements 10 and 10A that diffract light in different wavelength ranges, as described above, a greater color temperature conversion range compared to that achieved with a single color temperature conversion element 10 is assured. In addition, finer color temperature control can be executed with the plurality of color temperature conversion elements each having the equal number of divided areas to that of the color temperature conversion element 10.
While the color temperature conversion element 50 achieved in the second embodiment is a reflective element adopting a structure basically identical to that of the color temperature conversion element 10 in the first embodiment, its diffractive optical element 57 is structurally different from that of the color temperature conversion element 10. This difference necessitates that the illuminator 200 in the second embodiment have a different number of components disposed at different positions from those in the illuminator 100 in the first embodiment. A driver 20, which drives and controls the color temperature conversion element 50, a control circuit and a color sensor 40 are all identical to those in the illuminator 100. The color temperature conversion element 50 and the illuminator 200 achieved in the second embodiment are explained by focusing on their differences from the color temperature conversion element 10 and the illuminator 100 in the first embodiment.
As shown in
As shown in
It is assumed that the wavelength range of the illuminating light L is λL to λH and that the intensity of the illuminating light L sustained at a constant value I0. It is further assumed that as the illuminating light L enters a divided ITO film 141 in the voltage unapplied state at the color temperature conversion element 50, light in a λL to λ3 wavelength range is diffracted and that as the illuminating light L enters a divided ITO film 141 in the voltage unapplied state at the color temperature conversion element 50A, light in a λ3 to λH wavelength range becomes diffracted. It is to be noted that λL>λ3λH. Namely, the color temperature conversion elements 50 and 50A each function as a reflector for the light in the corresponding wavelength range. If, on the other hand, the illuminating light L enters a divided ITO film 141 in the voltage applied state, the light in the full wavelength range λL to λH is emitted as transmitted light L8 through the color temperature conversion element 50 or 50A. Accordingly, by selecting optimal divided ITO films to which the voltage should be applied at each of the color temperature conversion elements 50 and 50A, the color temperature of the reflected light output from the color temperature conversion elements 50 and 50A can be adjusted.
The graph indicating the spectral distribution in
By diffracting the illuminating light at the areas corresponding to a plurality of divided ITO films 141 as described above, the color temperature of the auxiliary photographic light output from the illuminator 100 can be set to the desired level and a desired color tone is achieved in the image photographed with the auxiliary photographic light. In addition, since part of the illuminating light is transmitted and is eliminated from the auxiliary photographic light, the degradation of color temperature conversion elements 50 and 50A is slowed down. It is to be noted that reflective color temperature conversion elements with varying diffraction light wavelength ranges may be stacked over three stages or more.
While the color temperature of the emitted light is controlled in the illuminators 100 and 200 achieved in the first and second embodiments, the color hue of the emitted light may be instead controlled as explained in reference to the second variation below.
The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments explained above, as long as the features characterizing the invention are not compromised. For instance, the color temperature conversion elements 10 and 50 according to the present invention may be installed in other standard illuminators instead of the illuminators 100 and 200. They may also be utilized as filters in cameras.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments and variations thereof by referring to the attached drawings, the present invention is not limited to these examples and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit, scope and teaching of the invention.
The disclosure of the following priority application is herein incorporated by reference:
Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-051345 filed Feb. 25, 2005
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-051345 | Feb 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/303424 | 2/24/2006 | WO | 00 | 12/29/2006 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006/090837 | 8/31/2006 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060023278 | Nishioka | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| A 2001-054121 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| A 2002-122853 | Apr 2002 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080291390 A1 | Nov 2008 | US |
