Patent Application
20100314060
Paper or paperboard used in high-end packaging applications, such as cigarette or beauty product packaging, commonly have high contrasts between two sides of the sheets. A contrast may be with black or dark color at one side of the sheet and white or a significantly lighter color on the opposite side. For example, this premium colored paper is produced by laminating on one side of the black colored paper with metallic foil.
Colored paper is commonly prepared by adding coloring agents, such as dyes and pigments, into paper pulps in the wet-end of papermaking process prior to a formation of paper sheet. This process of preparing colored paper has many drawbacks. Coloring pigments are generally water-insoluble; therefore, alum and/or retention aids are required to retain the pigments in the sheet. Furthermore, poor adhesion of the coloring pigments on paper pulps results in inferior color fastness performance. To address this adhesion drawback, U.S. Pat. No. 5,131,981 discloses a process for wet-end coloring paper with coloring pigments and color-fixing agents, wherein the pigment and color-fixing agent are added simultaneously to the paper pulps to be colored. Cationic compounds are used a color-fixing agents to enhance the adhesion of coloring pigments onto the paper pulps. Adding coloring dyes into paper pulps causes coloration of the process water, creating environmental and other process difficulties. The coloration is throughout the thickness of paper; therefore, a high level of coloring agents is needed. This is even if color is only required at the surface of the paper, leading to an unnecessary cost. A large amount of paper is produced for each papermaking process run. A minimum amount the paper mill generated from each run is much greater than the typical demand for high-end colored paper. As a result, the paper converter is burdened with a large inventory of unused colored paper, or the paper mill will not produce colored paper until the demand for minimum amount for each run is met.
Colored paper may be produced by applying coloring formulation onto the surface of paper after the paper is formed. As stated in PCT Publication No. WO 2007/128077, this process provides colored paper with quality suitable for packaging applications, but unfortunately, suffers severely from its high cost. For the premium paper used in high-end packaging applications that requires high contrast between each side of the paper, this process presents further drawback. When the coloring formulation is applied onto the paper surface, coloring agents penetrate into the interior of paper and can interfere with the color on the opposite side of the paper. This drawback is particularly severe when white or lighter color is applied to the paper first, followed by black or dark color on the opposite side. The black or dark coloring agents may penetrate into paper and reduce the brightness on the opposite side being coated with white or lighter coloring agent. As a result, the premium colored paper for high-end packaging applications is typically produced by (a) dying the paper pulps in the wet end of the papermaking process with black or darker coloring pigment, (b) forming colored paper sheet for the dyed paper pulps, (c) rolling the resulting colored paper sheet off the papermaking process, (d) transferring and (e) rewinding the colored sheet for a foil lamination process or an off-line coating with white or lighter coloring formulation. This state of arts process is labor- and time-consuming, complicated, and high cost.
Accordingly, there is still a need for a production process of premium colored paper having high contrast for high-end packaging applications, that is relatively simpler, lower cost, as well as less time- and labor-consuming, compared to the current state of art process.
It is also beneficial to have a process of producing premium colored paper having high contrast by applying the coloring formulation onto the formed paper, wherein the penetration of the coloring agents in the formulation may be tailored to achieve a minimum interference with the brightness of the white or lighter-colored coating on the opposite side of colored paper.
A premium colored paper having high contrast suitable for high-end packaging applications is produced through a controlled penetration of a coloring formulation through the paper. The paper is coated on a first side with a first coloring formulation. Then, a second coloring formulation is applied to a second side (i.e. opposite side) of the paper such that the coloring agent in the second coloring formulation penetrates through the paper sheet but does not significantly interfere with the color or brightness on the first coated side of paper. When desired, the first coloring formulation may be applied on the paper on-line during papermaking process.
The present disclosures now will be described more fully hereinafter, but not all embodiments of the disclosure are necessarily shown. While the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof.
The disclosed method of producing a colored paper-based product comprises steps of:
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second coloring agent in the second coloring formulation penetrates into the treated paper in a controlled manner such that a gradual decrease of the second color intensity from the second coated side to the first coated side may be achieved.
Additionally, the penetration of the second coloring agent in the second coloring formulation may be controlled such that the treated paper is colored throughout its thickness or only partially with the second coloring agent. When desired, the second coloring agent may color from about 10% to about 100% of the thickness of the treated paper.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the paper-based substrate is first coated on the first side with a white or light-coloring formulation. Then, a black or dark-coloring formulation is applied to a second side (i.e. opposite side) of the paper such that the coloring agent in the black or dark-coloring formulation penetrates through the paper sheet but does not significantly interfere with the color or brightness of the first coated side of paper.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the colored paper having the first side coated with the white or light-coloring formulation may be produced on-line during papermaking process.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the white or light-coloring formulation is a clay-based coating, such as that commonly used in the papermaking industry.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the paper-based substrate is coated on the first side with a clay coating formulation on-line during the papermaking process to provide one-side clay coated paper. A black or dark-coloring formulation is then applied to an uncoated side of the resulting one-side clay coated paper.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second coloring formulation comprises a coloring agent and a surfactant in such a proportion that the coloring agent may controllably penetrate through the paper sheet without a significant interference with the color or brightness on the other side of the paper. Here, the surfactant is a critical component in controlling the penetration of the coloring agent in the second coloring formulation into the paper sheet. The ratio of the coloring agent and the surfactant in the second coloring formulation may be optimized to affect minimum interference with the color or brightness on the other side of the paper. This ratio may be dependent on many factors, such as the thickness of the paper-based substrate, the applied colors, the type of fiber pulps used in the paper-based substrate, and the particularly type of end-use packaging applications. Therefore, there is a range of the ratio of the coloring agent and the surfactant in the operable, second coloring formulations.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second coloring formulation comprises, based on weight of the formulation:
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the second coloring formulation comprises, based on weight of the formulation:
Surfactants suitable for the present disclosure may be anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric surfactants, and combinations thereof. Examples of the surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyalkylene glycol, polypropylene oxide/polyethylene oxide copolymers, fatty acid, and fatty derivative-based surfactants.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coloring formulation comprises a coloring agent and a surfactant, and excludes a binder. Without any intent to adhere to any theory, it seems that the binder inhibits the penetration of the coloring agent into the paper interior.
The coloring formulations may be applied onto the paper-based substrate by any known application methods. These include, but are not limited to, size press application, brushing, spraying, roll coating, rod-coatings, dipping, spreading, air knife coating, curtain coating, and combinations thereof.
Bleach paperboard was used as a paper-based substrate. A clay coating formulation was applied to one side of the paperboard. The resulting clay-coated paperboard is then divided into two groups. The first group is retained as control. For the second group of the clay-coated paperboard, a black coloring formulation containing about 2% weight of surfactant and about 5% weight of black coloring agent was coated onto the uncoated side to afford two-side colored coated paperboard. The caliper, color and shade, and surface smoothness were tested for the disclosed two-side colored coated paperboard and for the control clay-coated paperboard.
The caliper or thickness of the paperboard was measured according to the test standard TAPPI T 411. Two types were used to determine the surface smoothness of the paperboard: the Parker Print Surf (PPS) test according the test standard TAPPI 555 and the Sheffield test according the test standard TAPPI 538.
The color and shade of the paperboard were determined for each side of the tested paperboard using the CIE L*a*b*color specification. The L* value represents whiteness or the total amount of light reflected off the paper's surface, wherein L*=b 0 yields black and L*=100 indicates diffuse white. The a* value represents the green-red/magenta color axis, wherein a* of negative values indicate green while positive values indicate magenta. The b* value represent the blue-yellow color axis, wherein b* of negative values indicate blue and positive values indicate yellow. The CIE L*a*b*color of the paperboard was tested at 10 degree Observer and the D65 Illuminant was used as a lamp source. Each side of each paperboard were tested three times for color measurement to obtain average L*, a*, and b* values.
The properties of the control paperboard were showed in TABLE 1, and those of disclosed two-side colored coated paperboard were shown in TABLE 2. The CIE L*a*b* color of the clay-coated side of the control paperboard was compared to that of the clay-coated side of the disclosed paperboard. The CIE L*a*b* color of the uncoated side of the control paperboard was compared to the side of the disclosed paperboard coated with the black coloring formulation.
When the uncoated side of the paperboard was coated with the black coloring formulation, the L*, a*, and b* values reduced significantly confirming a substantial change in the shade and color. The whiteness L* value for the side of the disclosed paperboard coated with the black coloring formulation (L4) was 66 point lower than the whiteness L* value of the uncoated side of the control clay-coated paperboard (L3). On the other hand, the whiteness L* values of the clay-coated side of disclosed paperboard (L2) was about the same as that of the clay-coated side of the control paperboard (L1). This indicates that the black coloring formulation penetrates into the internal of the paperboard to a certain level, but not through the paperboard. If the black coloring formulation had penetrated through the paperboard to the opposite clay-coated side, the whiteness L4 would reduce significantly.
TABLEs 1 and 2 show a control diffusion of the black coloring agent into the paperboard with minimum interference with the shade or color on the clay-coated side.
In the aforementioned example, the disclosed colored paperboard has a clay-coating on one side and a black color coating on the opposite. It is to be understood, however, that this example is merely one embodiment and not to limit the scopes of the present disclosure.
While the invention has been described by reference to various specific embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but will have full scope defined by the language of the following claims.
This non-provisional application relies on the filing date of provisional U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/029,610 filed on Feb. 19, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference, having been filed within twelve (12) months thereof, and priority thereto is claimed under 35 USC§1.19(e).
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US09/33856 | 2/12/2009 | WO | 00 | 8/18/2010 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61029610 | Feb 2008 | US |
