Combating arthropods with 2-substituted-chroman-4-ones

The present invention relates to the use as arthropodicides (especially as insecticides and acaricides) of certain chroman-4-ones, which are known.
It has already been disclosed that chromanones possess herbicidal and antioxidative properties (see United States Application Ser. No. 853,932, filed Nov. 22, 1977, now pending).
Further, it has been disclosed that certain chromenes, for example Precocene I and Precocene II, exhibit development-inhibiting properties (Chem. Eng. News 1976, No. 16, page 19). Their action is however not entirely satisfactory, above all if low amounts are used.
It has been found that the known chroman-4-ones of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, which need not be identical, each represent hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyl or aminoalkyl,
R.sup.2 can alternatively represent amino or optionally substituted dialkylamino, or
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can, conjointly with the adjoining carbon atoms, form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and
R.sup.5 to R.sup.8, which need not be identical, each represent hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylamino or dialkylamino group, amino or acylamino,
exhibit arthropodicidal, and in particular powerful insecticidal and acaricidal, properties.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an arthropodicidal composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the formula (I), in admixture with a solid or liquefied gaseous diluent or carrier or in admixture with a liquid diluent or carrier containing a surface-active agent.
The present invention also provides a method of combating arthropods, especially insects or acarids, which comprises applying to the arthropods, or to a habitat thereof, a compound of the formula (I) alone or in the form of a composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the formula (I) in admixture with a diluent or carrier.
Surprisingly, the active compounds according to the invention exhibit a substantially better action than the compounds of similar structure and of analogous action, known from the prior art. The new use of the active compounds thus represents an enrichment of the art.
In general formula (I), optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals (R.sup.1 to R.sup.8) which may be mentioned are straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl radicals with up to 18, preferably up to 12, and especially up to 6, carbon atoms. As examples of these there may be mentioned: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, hexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, octadecyl, but-3-enyl, 4-methyl-pent-3-enyl and 4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl.
Examples of suitable optionally substituted cycloalkyl radicals (R.sup.1 to R.sup.8) are those with 3 to 18, preferably with 4 to 12, and especially with 5 or 6, carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, cycloheptadecyl and cyclooctadecyl, and, preferably, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
Optionally substituted aryl radicals (R.sup.1 to R.sup.8) which may be mentioned are those with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as naphthyl, and, preferably, phenyl.
Examples of suitable optionally substituted aralkyl radicals (R.sup.1 to R.sup.8) are those with 7 to 18 carbon atoms wherein the aliphatic part contains 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms and the aromatic part is a carbocyclic radical with 6 to 10 carbon atoms. The following aralkyl radicals may be mentioned as examples: phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, naphthylmethyl and naphthylethyl and, preferably, benzyl.
When R.sup.1 is linked to R.sup.2 to form an optionally substituted ring, this ring may be either carbocyclic or heterocyclic.
Examples of suitable carbocyclic rings (R.sup.1 /R.sup.2) are rings containing saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon members, preferably 3-membered to 12-membered rings. It is also possible for the carbocyclic rings to be fused to one or more radicals from the benzene series.
As examples of carbocyclic radicals there may be mentioned: cyclopropane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclodecane, cycloundecane, cyclododecane, cyclohexene, cyclooctene, cyclododecene and tetralin.
Examples of suitable heterocyclic rings (R.sup.1 /R.sup.2) are 5-membered to 12-membered rings, preferably 5-membered and 6-membered rings, which in addition to hydrocarbon members also contain one or more hetero-atoms, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur. The heterocyclic rings can contain 1 or 2 double bonds and can furthermore be fused to one or more radicals from the benzene series. As examples of heterocyclic radicals there may be mentioned piperidine, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyrane and tetrahydrothiopyrane.
In respect of their number of carbon atoms, the alkyl and aryl radicals of the alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryloxy and aralkoxy radicals correspond to the range of meanings given above.
As preferred alkoxy groups there may be mentioned those with up to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy and tert.-butoxy.
As preferred aryloxy groups there may be mentioned those with 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenoxy or naphthoxy.
As preferred aralkoxy groups there may be mentioned those with 7 to 10 carbon atoms, such as benzyloxy, phenylethoxy, phenylpropoxy, phenylisopropoxy, phenylbutoxy, phenylisobutoxy and phenyl-tert.-butoxy.
As preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups there may be mentioned those with up to 4 carbon atoms the alkyl radical, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl and isopropoxycarbonyl.
As preferred alkylamino and dialkylamino groups there may be mentioned those with up to 3 carbon atoms per alkyl radical, such as methylamino, ethylamino, isopropylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino and diisopropylamino. It is also possible for the two alkyl radicals of the dialkylamino group to be joined to form a ring, for example pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl.
The acylamino group (R.sup.5 to R.sup.8) can be an aliphatic or aromatic radical, in which case the aliphatic and the aromatic radical conform to the above-mentioned range of meanings. As examples of acylamino groups there may be mentioned formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, valeroylamino and benzoylamino.
As halogens there may be mentioned fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine.
Suitable substituents of the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylamino and dialkylamino groups of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 are substituents which do not undergo change under the reaction conditions. Examples which may be mentioned are halogens, namely fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy)-carbonyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy)carbonyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl), amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl)amino, an aryl radical from the benzene series, or a carboxylic acid group.
The following may be mentioned as examples of the chroman-4-ones of the formula (I) which can be used according to the invention: 2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 2,2-pentamethylene-7-hydroxychroman-4-one, 2,2-pentamethylene-6-hydroxychroman-4-one, 2,2-pentamethylene-6-methoxychroman-4-one, 2,2-pentamethylene-7-methoxychroman-4-one, 7-acetylamino-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 6-cyclohexyl-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 5-chloro-7-phenyl-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 7-alkyloxy-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 6-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 6-nitro-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 5-cyano-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 7-trifluoromethyl-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 6-carboxy-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 7-methoxycarbonyl-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 6-butyramido-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 7-amino-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7-pentyl-2,2-pentamethylenechroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-(.gamma.-diethylaminopropyl)-chroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2(.beta.-carboxyethyl)-chroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-nonyl-7-hydroxychroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-(.beta.-N-pyrrolidinylethyl)-chroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-(.delta.-carboxybutyl)-chroman-4-one, 2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 7-hydroxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 6-hydroxy- 2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 8-methoxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 6-ethoxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 7-chloro-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 5-bromo-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-6-methylchroman-4-one, 2,3,6-trimethyl-chroman-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 6,8-dihydroxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 5,8-dihydroxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 7-benzyloxy-2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one, 6-dimethylamino-2-isopropyl-chroman-4-one, 7-acetamino-2-isopropylchroman-4-one, 7-chloro-2-propyl-chroman-4-one, 6-hexylamino-2-methyl-2-nonyl-chroman-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7-pentyl-2,2-tetramethylene-chroman-4one, 5-hydroxy-7-pentyl-2,2-undecamethylene-chroman-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7-heptyl-2-methyl-2-nonyl-chroman-4-one, 5-methyl-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-.delta.-carboxybutyl-chroman-4-one, 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-.delta.-carboxybutyl-chroman-4-one, 7-hydroxy-2-.delta.-carboxybutyl-chroman-4-one, 5-hydroxy-7-pentyl-2-methyl-2-.beta.-carboxyethyl-chroman-4-one, 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-.beta.,.beta., .beta.-trifluoroethyl-chroman-4-one, 7-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-diethylaminopropyl-chroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-N-pyrrolidinylpropyl-chroman-4-one, 2-methyl-2-benzyl-chroman-4-one and 2-hydroxybutyl-chroman-4- one.
The active compounds are well tolerated by plants, have a favourable level of toxicity to warm-blooded animals, and can be used for combating arthropod pests, especially insects or acarids, which are encountered in agriculture, in forestry, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene field. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests include:
from the class of the Isopoda, for example Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio scaber;
from the class of the Diplopoda, for example Blaniulus guttulatus;
from the class of the Chilopoda, for example Geophilus carpophagus and Scutigera spec.;
from the class of the Symphyla, for example Scutigerella immaculata;
from the order of the Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina;
from the order of the collembola, for example Onychiurus armatus;
from the order of the Orthoptera, for example Blatta orientalis Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus differentialis and Schistocerca gregaria;
from the order of the Dermaptera, for example Forficula auricularia;
from the order of the Isoptera, for example Reticulitermes spp.;
from the order of the Anoplura, for example
Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp. and Linognathus spp.;
from the order of the Mallophaga, for example Tirchodectes spp. and Damalinea spp.;
from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example Hercinothrips femoralis and Thrips tabaci;
from the order of the Heteroptera, for example Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma spp.;
from the order of the Homoptera, for example Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Doralis fabae, Doralis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp. and Psylla spp.;
from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella maculipennis, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Laphygma exigua, Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Prodenia litura, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima and Tortrix viridana;
from the order of the Coleoptera, for example Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis and Costelytra zealandica;
from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp.;
from the order of the Diptera, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae and Tipula paludosa;
from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example Xenopsylla cheopis and Ceratophyllus spp.;
from the class of the Arachnida, for example Scorpio maurus and Latrodectus mactans;
from the order of the Acarina, for example Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., and Tetranychus spp..
The active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusting agents, foams, pastes, soluble powders, granules, aerosols, suspension-emulsion concentrates, seed-treatment powders, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, very fine capsules in polymeric substances, coating compositions for use on seed, and formulations used with burning equipment, such as fumigating cartridges, fumigating cans and fumigating coils, as well as ULV cold mist and warm mist formulations.
These formulations may be produced in known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is to say liquid or liquefied gaseous or solid diluents or carriers, optionally with the use of surface-active agents, that is to say emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents and/or foam-forming agents. In the case of the use of water as an extender, organic solvents can, for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents.
As liquid solvents diluents or carriers, especially solvents, there are suitable in the main, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol as well as their ethers and esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, or strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, as well as water.
By liquefied gaseous diluents or carriers are meant liquids which would be gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as halogenated hydrocarbons as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
As solid carriers there may be used ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicates. As solid carriers for granules there may be used crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks.
As emulsifying and/or foam-forming agents there may be used non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, aryl sulphonates as well as albumin hydrolysis products. Dispersing agents include, for example, lignin sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, can be used in the formulations.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs or metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
The formulations in general contain from 0.1 to 95 percent by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.5 to 90 percent by weight.
The active compounds according to the invention may be used in the form of their formulations of the types that are commercially available or in the use forms prepared from these formulations.
The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the formulations of the types that are commercially available can vary within wide ranges. The active compound concentration of the use forms can be from 0.0000001 to 100% by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight.
The compounds may be employed in a customary manner appropriate for the particular use forms.
When used against pests harmful to health and pests of stored products, the active compounds are distinguished by an excellent residual activity on wood and clay as well as a good stability to alkali on limed substrates.
In the veterinary field, the active compounds according to the invention may be used in a known manner, such as orally in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drenches and granules; dermally by means of, for example, dipping, spraying, pouring-on, spotting-on and powdering; and parenterally, for example by means of injections.
The active compounds according to the invention can also be used as a mixture with other known active compounds, such as phosphoric acid esters, carboxylic acid esters, including the natural and synthetic pyrethroids, carbamates or halogenoalkanes.
The active compounds according to the invention also exhibit a powerful fungitoxic and bacteriotoxic action. They do not damage crop plants in the concentrations required for combating fungi and bacteria. On these grounds they are also suitable for use as plant protection agents for combating fungi and bacteria. Fungitoxic agents are employed in plant protection for combating Plasmodiophoromycetes, Comycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
The active compounds according to the invention have a broad spectrum of action and can be used against parasitic fungi which infect above-ground parts of plants or attack the plants through the soil, as well as against seed-borne pathogens.
The invention also provides crop protected from damage by arthropods by being grown in areas in which immediately prior to and/or during the time of the growing a compound of the formula (I) was applied, alone or in admixture with a diluent or carrier.
It will be seen that the usual methods of providing a harvested crop may be improved by the present invention.
The compounds of the formula (I) can also be applied, in admixture with a diluent or carrier, to domesticated animals in order to free or protect them from ectoparasitical insects or acarids.
The preparation of some of the active compounds to be used according to the invention is illustrated in the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1
Process A
A mixture of 600 g of o-hydroxy-acetophenone, 1 liter of methanol and 630 g of 1-N-pyrrolidinylcyclopentene was warmed for 2 hours to the reflux temperature and was then concentrated. On fractional distillation the residue gave, in addition to first runnings, 770 g (86% of the theoretical yield) of 2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one; boiling point 100.degree.-105.degree. C./0.05 mm Hg (compound 1).
Process B
100 g of pyrrolidine were added to a mixture of 680 g of o-hydroxy-acetophenone, 1.5 liters of toluene and 550 g of cyclopentanone, and the batch was left to stand for 1 day at 25.degree. C. and was then heated for 5 hours using a water separator. After cooling, the organic phase was extracted by shaking with 250 ml of 2 N NaOH, 700 ml of 2 N HCl and 500 ml of water and the toluene solution was dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and distilled. 860 g (85% of the theoretical yield) of 2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-one were obtained at a boiling point of 110.degree.-120.degree. C./0.1 mm Hg.
The 2,2-tetramethylenechroman-4-ones obtained in accodance with the two variants were identical; they showed the expected signals in the nuclear resonance spectrum and a strong band at 1680-1690 cm.sup.-1 in the infra-red spectrum.
Using variant A, an o-hydroxy-arylcarbonyl compound of the general formula ##STR3## was reacted with an enamine of the general formula ##STR4## The table which follows indicates the particular substituents.
Using variant B, an o-hydroxy-arylcarbonyl compound of the general formula ##STR5## was reacted with a carbonyl compound of the general formula ##STR6## in the presence of pyrrolidine. The table which follows indicates the particular substituents. The table furthermore shows the molar amount of pyrrolidine, relative to the o-hydroxy-arylcarbonyl compound.
The chroman-4-ones listed in the table which follows were prepared in accordance with variant A or B.
Table 1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR7## Boiling point .degree.C./ Time/ mm HgCom- temperature Amine (meltingpound R.sup.1 -R.sup.8 Process Solvent .degree.C. (amount) Yield point__________________________________________________________________________ .degree.C.)2 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 24 hours/25.degree. 89.3% 130.degree./0.1 2 hours/70.degree.3 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 B toluene 6 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 74% 140.degree./0.2 2 hours/115.degree. (1 mol)4 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub. 6 A xylene 3 hours/145.degree. 20% 170.degree./0.15 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.6 B toluene 6 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 67% 170.degree./0.1 5 hours/115.degree. (1 mol)6 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.10 B toluene 20 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 53% 220.degree./0.1 2 hours/115.degree. (1 mol) [93.degree.-5.degree .] ##STR8## A methanol 2 hours/70.degree. 96% 135.degree./0.18 ##STR9## A methanol 24 hours/25.degree. 55% 190.degree./0.19 R.sup.6 = Cl; R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 24 hours/25.degree. 72% 155.degree./0.0510 R.sup.8 = Cl; R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 24 hours/25.degree. 69% 160.degree./0.0511 R.sup.6 = CH.sub.3 O; R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 2 hours/70.degree. 92% 150.degree./0.0512 R.sup.8 = CH.sub.3 O; R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 2 hours/70.degree. 84% 165.degree./0.0513 R.sup.2, R.sup.3 = CH.sub.3 A methanol 20 hours/25.degree. 91% 110.degree./0.114 R.sup.2, R.sup.3 = CH.sub.3 B toluene 2 hours/115.degree. pyrrolidine 93% 110.degree./0.1 (1 mol)15 ##STR10## A methanol 2 hours/70.degree. 15% (118.degree.-20.degr ee.)16 R.sup.2, R.sup.3 = CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.4 = CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.7 = Al toluene 21/2 hours/100.degree. 70% 130.degree./0.117 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 A methanol 24 hours/25.degree. 85% (100-102.degree.) R.sup.7 = C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 O18 R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6 = CH.sub.3; R.sup.4 = C.sub.6 H.sub.5 A without 3 hours/120.degree. 71% (75.degree.-6.degree .) solvent19 R.sup.1 = CH.sub.3 B toluene 5 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 50% (88.degree.-9.degree .) 2 hours/80.degree. (1 mol)20 R.sup.2 = C.sub.6 H.sub.5CH.sub.2 B toluene 20 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 56% 185.degree./0.1 1 hour/115.degree. 1 mol:0.1 mol 34% 155.degree./0.121 R.sup.1 = C.sub.6 H.sub.5CH.sub.2 B toluene 2 hours/110.degree. pyrrolidine 35% 155.degree./0.1 (1 mol)22 R.sup.2 = C.sub.2 H.sub.5 B toluene 5 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 48% 120.degree./0.05 2 hours/reflux (1 mol)23 R.sup.1 = C.sub.6 H.sub.5 B toluene 5 hours/105.degree. pyrrolidine 14% 160.degree./0.1 (1 mol)24 R.sup.2 = n-pentyl B toluene 2 hours/110.degree. pyrrolidine 52% 155.degree./0.1 (1 mol)25 R.sub.1 = n-nonyl B toluene 2 hours/110.degree. pyrrolidine 63% 175.degree./0.07 (1 mol)26 R.sup.1 = CH.sub.2CH.sub.2N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2 B toluene 4 hours/110.degree. pyrrolidine 49% 180.degree./0.2 (0.3 mol)27 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.3 B toluene 20 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 41% 210.degree./0.2 (0.2 mol) R.sup.7 = C.sub.2 H.sub.5 OOCCH.sub.2 O 2 hours/105.degree.28 R.sup.1 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4 COOH B toluene 24 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 46% 205.degree./0.1 2 hours/105.degree. (1.2 mols)29 R.sup.1 = n-nonyl; R.sup.7 = OH B toluene 24 hours/25.degree. pyrrolidine 42% 240.degree./0.1 2 hours/105.degree.30 R.sup.1 = CH.sub.2COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5 A without 2 hours/180.degree. 25% 195.degree./0.1 solvent31 R.sup.1 = n-nonyl, R.sup.6 = OH32 R.sup.1 = (CH.sub.2).sub.4COOH, R.sup.6 = CH.sub.3 O33 R.sup.1 = CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2, R.sup.6 = CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2O34 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.3, R.sup.7 = OH35 R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 = (CH.sub.2).sub.3, R.sup.6, R.sup.8 = Cl36 R.sup.1 = (CH.sub.2).sub.3N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.2, R.sup.6 = Cl37 ##STR11##38 R.sup.1 = COOH39 R.sup.1 = CH.sub.2CH.sub.2COOH, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 = CH.sub.3, R.sup.6 = OH__________________________________________________________________________
The arthropodicidal activity of the compounds of this invention is illustrated by the following examples wherein the compounds according to the present invention are each identified by the number (given in brackets) from example 1 hereinabove.
In the examples which follow, relating to the development-inhibiting action of the active compounds, the morphological changes, such as half-pupated animals, incompletely slipped larvae or caterpillars, defective wings, pupal cuticula in imagos and the like were rated as malformations throughout the entire stated development of the test animals. The sum of the morphological malformations, together with the animals destroyed during shedding or during metamorphosis, was determined in percent of the total number of the test animals.
EXAMPLE 2
Development-inhibiting action/ingestion test
Test animals: Plutella maculipennis (caterpillars in the 4th stage of development, 20 specimens) Phaedon cochleariae (larvae in the 4th stage of development, 20 specimens)
Feed plants: Cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea)
Solvent: 10 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 2 parts by weight of active compound were mixed with the stated amount of solvent, emulsifier and sufficient water to give a 1% strength mixture, which was diluted with water to the desired concentration.
The test animals were fed with leaves of the feed plants, which were provided with a uniform spray covering of the active compound mixture, so that the chosen concentration of active compound per unit area was obtained on the leaves, until the imago developed.
As a control, leaves coated only with solvent and emulsifier-water mixture of the chosen concentrations were used.
The results can be seen from the table which follows.
Table 2______________________________________Development-inhibiting action/ingestion test Plutella Phaedon maculipennis cochleariae % malformations at concentrationsActive (by weight) ofCompounds 0.01% 0.001% 0.01%______________________________________Control 0% 0% 0%Precocene I(known) 60% 0% 0%Precocene II(known) 80% 0% 0%(1) 100% 100% 80%(25) 100% 100% 100%(31) 100% 60% 100%(32) 100% 60% --(33) 100% 50% --(34) 100% 20% 70%(24) -- -- 100%(35) -- -- 100%(36) -- -- 100%______________________________________
EXAMPLE 3
Development-inhibiting action/Laphygma egg test
Test animal: Laphygma frugiperda (eggs)
Feed: Corn (Zea mays)
Solvent: 10 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 2 parts by weight of active compound were mixed with the stated amount of solvent, emulsifier and sufficient water to produce a 1% strength mixture, which was diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Deposited eggs, at the rate of 30 eggs on a filter-paper, were moistened with 1 ml of active compound solution of the chosen concentration and were observed, in plastic boxes, until the young larvae slipped. The young larvae were fed with corn leaves which had been sprayed with the chosen concentration of active compound solution on the same day as the eggs. The development of the test animals was observed up to the larva of the 3rd stage.
As a control, deposited eggs were treated in the same manner with solvent and emulsifier-water mixture of the chosen concentration, and feeding was carried out with correspondingly treated corn leaves.
The results are shown in the table which follows:
Table 3______________________________________Development-inhibitin action/Laphygma egg testActive % malformations at a con-compounds centration of 0.01% by weight______________________________________Control 0%Precocene I(known) 0%(31) 100%(37) 100%(33) 100%(38) 100%(39) 100%______________________________________
It will be appreciated that the instant specification and examples are set forth by way of illustration and not limitation, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Combating arthropods with 2-substituted-chroman-4-ones

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Bowers et al., "Science", vol. 193 (1976), pp. 542-547.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 79 (1973), p. 91908x.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 69 (1968), p. 106557b.