Combination polycrystalline diamond bit and bit holder

Abstract

A quick change type bit/bit holder includes several different structures for holding the item in a bit block without the necessity of a fastener. The bit portion of the bit/bit holder combination includes a ductile steel insert with a polycrystalline diamond coated tungsten carbide bit positioned therein. The ductility of the steel insert acts as a shock absorber to allow the bit to successfully remove concrete as well as asphalt in a road milling machine.

Description

This invention relates generally to an integrally formed road milling bit and bit holders for mounting on road milling and other machines and, more particularly, to combinations of bit and bit holders having a polycrystalline diamond cutting tools as a forward leading tip of each.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Originally, road milling equipment was utilized to smooth out bumps in the surface of a roadway or grind down the joinder of two adjacent concrete slabs that may have buckled. However, later these road milling machines, operated with a cylindrical drum having a plurality of bit blocks mounted thereon in herringbone or spiral fashion, and bit holders with bits on top thereof in turn mounted on the bit blocks, have been utilized for completely degrading concrete and macadam roads down to their gravel base. The apparatus can also be used for trenching and mining operations.

Bits such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,327 disclose an insert having a conical cutting tip that is mounted in a recess in a frustoconical forward portion of the bit. The insert 88 is surrounded by a hardened annular collar that provides added wear resistance to the cutting tool. The tool has a solid generally cylindrical shank extending axially rearwardly from the body portion.

The bit as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,327 patent fits in a central bore in a bit holder as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,371,567 and 6,585,326. The above-described bit holders, being frictionally seated in bores in their respective bit blocks mounted on drums, and not held therein by retaining clips or threaded nuts provide for ease of removal and replacement when the bit holders are worn through use, or broken because of the harsh road degrading environment they are used in.

Additionally, it has been found that because of the harsh use environment, individual bits may wear or be broken off of their shanks and need replacement. Historically, these bits and bit holders have been made of steel with hardened tungsten carbide tips or collars to lengthen their end use service time.

Recently, the use of materials harder than tungsten carbide, i.e., polycrystalline diamond, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 8,118,371 has been used in certain road milling operations, notably the degradation of asphalt layers on long roadway stretches. While the hardness of the polycrystalline diamond tip lengthens the useful life of the combined bit and bit holder shown in the '371 patent, such that the bit does not have to be removable from the bit holder, the combination includes a somewhat brittle polycrystalline diamond tip that is not suitable for use in degrading concrete highways, or curved highway stretches such as cloverleafs and the like.

A need has developed for the provision of a polycrystalline diamond structured combination bit and bit holder that is sturdy enough to withstand the forces found when degrading or breaking up the surfaces of not only macadam (asphalt) roadways but also concrete roadways.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention resides a bit holder for road milling machinery, a shank comprising an elongate generally cylindrical member having a distal end including an annular axially inwardly extending groove therein defining an interior surface of an annular outer side wall between about ⅛ and ½ inch in thickness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may best be understood from the following detailed description of a currently preferred embodiment and modifications thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a front ¼ perspective view of a first embodiment combination bit and bit holder including a conical polycrystalline diamond tip thereof constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the combination bit and bit holder shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the combination bit and bit holder shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front ¼ elevational perspective view of a modification of the first embodiment of a combination bit and bit holder showing a flat top cylindrical polycrystalline diamond tip and constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the modification of the first embodiment of the combination bit and bit holder shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the modification of the first embodiment of the combination bit and bit holder shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7a is a ¾ top perspective view of a second embodiment of the combination bit and bit holder constructed in accordance with the present invention showing a trepanned shank distal end having 3 longitudinal spaced slots therein;

FIG. 7b is a ¾ bottom perspective view of the second embodiment of the present invention showing the longitudinally slotted trepanned shank thereon;

FIG. 8a is a side elevational view of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b;

FIG. 8b is a bottom plan view of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 9a is a bottom ¾ perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention showing a trepanned shank constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9b is a side elevational view of the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9a;

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIGS. 1-6, a first embodiment of a bit holder 10 and a first modification of a bit holder 12 of the present invention are shown in perspective view in FIGS. 1 and 4, respectively. The invention resides in a unitary bit and bit holder construction that includes a bit holder body 13, generally constructed in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 6,585,326, and a generally cylindrical hollow shank 14 which in this embodiment of one side thereof has an elongate first slot 15 extending from a generally annular distal end 20 of the shank 14 axially upward or forward to an upper termination 16 adjacent the upper or forward end of the shank 14. In this embodiment, the shank 14 also includes a internally oriented second slot 17 180 degrees around the annular shank 14 from the first slot 15. This second slot 17, first disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,273, is parallel to the first slot 15 and is an internal slot having a rearward semicircular termination 18 inwardly adjacent the distal end 20 of the shank 14 and a forward semicircular termination 22 generally coinciding longitudinally and axially with the upper termination 16 of the first slot 15.

In this first embodiment, the shank 14 preferably includes a lower or first tapered portion 23 running axially from a stepped shoulder 24 adjacent the distal end 20 of the shank 14 upwardly or axially from the top or front of the shank 14 where it terminates generally mid slot longitudinally, and includes an annular shoulder 25 separating this lower tapered portion 23 from an upper or second tapered portion 26 which extends from that shoulder 25 generally to the top of the shank 14 or forward terminations of the slots. From a position adjacent the top or upper termination of the slots, a generally cylindrical upper portion 27 of the shank 14 extends towards a generally annular back flange 28 denoting the base of the bit holder body 13 of the bit holder 10.

In the preferred first embodiment of bit holder 10, this generally annular flange 28 includes a pair of horizontal slots 30-30 generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combination bit/bit holder, one on either side of the generally annular flange 28 into which bifurcated fork tines may be inserted between the base of the body portion of the bit holder and a bit block (not shown) into which the shank of the bit/bit holder combination is inserted and retained by outward radial force in use.

An enlarged upper body 32 of the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 includes a generally cylindrical base 33, termed in the trade ad a tire portion, having a cylindrical side wall extending upwardly approximately ½ inch to a generally frustoconical, but in this embodiment a convex surfaced upper body 32, which is a solid structure.

In this first preferred embodiment, a central bore 34 longitudinally and axially through the shank 14 of the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 terminates 35 approximately at the upper end of the shank 14. This allows the generally C-shaped annular side wall of the shank 14 to radially contract when the shank 14 is mounted in one of a tapered or cylindrical bore in a bit block (not shown).

In this first preferred embodiment, the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 provides added bulk and strength to the entire unitary assembly which allows the bit/bit holder combination 10 of the present invention to withstand substantial forces and stress superior to heretofore known bit holders or bit/bit holder combinations. The present invention may be utilized not only in the degrading and removal of macadam or asphalt from long straight stretches of roadway, but may also provide for the removal of concrete and other materials both in straight long stretches and in curved sections such as at corners, cloverleaf intersections, or the like. Also the flat top design is less expensive to make and is a readily available part stocked by many suppliers.

Adjacent the top of the preferred first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1-6, the generally convex sided bit holder body 13 has a generally flat annular top surface 36 therearound positioned perpendicular to the axis of the bit holder from the interior of which axially extends a smaller radially oriented annular tapered upper or forward extension 37. Around this tapered upper extension 37 is fitted an annular tungsten carbide ring 38 which may preferably be braised into unitary construction with the remainder of the bit holder. The top or forwardmost portion of the tungsten carbide ring 38 and the annular tapered upper extension 37 of the upper body portion terminate generally at the top of the bit holder body 13 of the combination bit/bit holder 10.

With the bit holder body 13 of the present invention preferably made of 4340 or equivalent steel, the top of the upper extension 37 of the upper body 32 includes a generally radially declining tapered bore 40 extending from the co-terminal upper wall of the body axially inwardly thereof which defines a declining radial taper. This tapered bore 40 extends a short distance longitudinally axially inwardly of the annular extension 37 that defines the base for the tungsten carbide protective ring 38.

This declining taper bore 40 provides a space for receiving a complementary shaped positive declining tapered outer surface of a solid base insert 42 for the bit/bit holder combination. The base insert 42 can be made of solid steel or tungsten carbide. The base insert 42 also extends upwardly and outwardly axially longitudinally from the co-terminal annular tapered upper extension 37 of the bit holder body 13 and includes an upper annular ring portion made of a protective material, which in this embodiment is made of tungsten carbide.

This top portion of the bit base insert 42 includes a generally cylindrical bore 44 positioned centrally therein into which a base 45 of the bit tip may be positioned and braised therein to provide a unitary structure. This base 45 may be made of steel or tungsten carbide and includes at the outer or upper end thereof a tip 46 which is preferably made of polycrystalline diamond structure which, in this embodiment, may be frustoconical in shape 47, sown in FIGS. 1-3, or a flat generally cylindrical puck shape 48, as shown in the first modification in FIGS. 4-6.

The conical tip 46 shown in FIGS. 1-3 is of the type which has been used in degrading straight long stretches of asphalt or macadam, and which is sufficiently brittle not to be used in more strenuous applications such as degrading concrete and degrading curved sections of highway surface construction.

The flat generally cylindrical puck shaped tip 48 of the bit of the first modification of the bit holder 12 shown in FIGS. 4-6 provides a substantially stronger tip that is able to withstand the added forces and peak jolts found in degrading concrete and the like, and together with the added bulk of the bit holder body 13 of the preferred bit/bit holder combination is capable of removing or degrading concrete surfaces with the added life expectancy shown in prior bit/bit holder constructions with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tips that have heretofore been utilized only in removing long straight stretches of macadam. The steel member 41 holding the puck is an impact absorbing member that can stretch and compress without fracturing. A road milling machine can travel faster with forward speed using the instant bit/bit holders than it can with bit holders having a strictly tungsten carbide forward end. The remainder of the first modification is identical to the first embodiment.

A second embodiment of a bit holder 50 of the preferred invention, shown in FIGS. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b, includes a bit 51, tip 52 and bit holder body 53 that is similar to that shown in FIGS. 4-6. A shank 54 of the bit/bit holder combination 50 provides an important aspect of the present invention. In the second embodiment of bit holder 50, the outer surface of a side wall 54a of the shank 54 is substantially similar to that shown in FIGS. 1-6, with the exception that the a distal first tapered portion 62 of the shank 54 includes three evenly spaced slots 65, 66, 67 longitudinally formed axially through the side wall 54a. It should be noted that the first tapered portion 62 may be constructed with either a slight taper of one degree or less or down to a cylindrical (no-taper) configuration. The second embodiment may include more or fewer slots.

In this second embodiment, not only is the generally frustoconical, convex side wall of the bit holder body 53 solid in construction, with the exception of a bore 56 for mounting the bit 51 at a forward end 57 thereof, the shank 54 that extends from a generally annular flange 58 of the bit holder body 53 is also largely solid in construction. Similar to the first embodiment of bit holder 10, the upper or forward portion of the shank 54, adjacent the generally annular flange 58 of the body portion, includes a cylindrical portion which has a second tapered portion 60 extending axially from the border thereof and a shoulder portion 61 that extends radially outwardly of the base of the second tapered portion 60 that defines the top of the first tapered portion 62 which extends axially to a distal end 63 of the shank 54.

As indicated previously, this first tapered portion 62 may include a taper of about 1 degree or less, down to having a cylindrical outer surface. Whereas the shank in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-6 was hollow at its center, the shank 54 of the second embodiment is solid at its center core 64 completely from the bit holder body 53 to a distal end 63 of the shank 54. The first tapered portion 62, which in this embodiment includes three equally spatially circumferentially related longitudinal slots 65, 66, 67, defines a generally annular ring with the exception of the equally spaced slots 65, 66, 67. This slightly radially inwardly deformable first tapered portion 62 has an inner annular surface 68 defined by a trepanned or hole saw type groove 69 extending inwardly of the shank 54 from the distal end 63 to the top of the first tapered portion 62. The depth of the trepanned groove 69 may by varied to obtain the proper preformability of the sidewall and the number of slots may be varied depending on the design parameters desired.

This annular trepanned groove 69 is formed to provide a side wall for the first tapered portion 62 having a thickness which may vary from about ⅛ inch to about ½ inch depending upon the desired elastic flexibility of the side wall of the first tapered portion 62.

In construction, the trepanned groove 69 is a less expensive forming operation than is the bore 34 found in the first embodiment of bit holder 10 of FIGS. 1-6, although the center portion of the shank may be removed if desired. Additionally, the trepanned groove 69 leaves the center core 64 of the shank 54 intact in the preferred second embodiment to provide a stronger overall construction for the combination bit/bit holder 50. Further, with the additional mass of the bit holder portion of the bit/bit holder combination, the entire bit holder may be made of less expensive steel than is necessary for the first embodiment of bit holder 10 shown in FIGS. 1-6. Generally, steels of the type 4140 may be utilized for construction of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 9a and 9b show the third embodiment of bit holder 70 of the present invention which has a combined bit 71 and an upper body 72 of the holder portion being identical to that shown in FIGS. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b. The difference between the third embodiment of bit holder 70 and the second embodiment of bit holder 50 is in the trepanned first tapered portion of the shank 73, and slots shown in the second embodiment. Similar to the second embodiment of bit holder 50, the third embodiment of bit holder 70 includes an annular trepanned groove 74 that extends axially inwardly in a first tapered portion 75 of the shank 73 from a distal end 76 of the shank 73 generally to the shoulder at a top 77 of the first tapered portion 75.

The difference between the second embodiment and the third embodiment is that the third embodiment does not include the slots shown in the second embodiment. The thickness of the outer side wall of the annular first tapered portion 75 (which may also be cylindrical) will be thinner than that disclosed in the second embodiment of bit holder 50 shown in FIGS. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b and may be on the order of 1/16 to ¼ inch wall thickness for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b, having a nominal 1-½ inch outer diameter. As a result, while the typical interference fit for severe or extreme uses such as concrete degradation might have a solid shank interference of 0.001 to 0.003 of an inch thickness for the nominal 1-½ inch diameter shank, the interference fit for the thin side wall in the trepanned first tapered portion 75 of the shank in the third embodiment of bit holder 70 would approximate two to four times the previously mentioned interference fit.

With such a fit, the shank side wall may wrinkle when a shank is inserted in a bit block bore. Again, the third embodiment of bit holder 70 shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b would be less expensive to manufacture than even the second embodiment of bit holder 50 shown in FIGS. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b. In this third embodiment of bit holder 70, the core or central portion 78 of the shank may be left intact, or removed, and the combination of that mass in the shank together with the solid upper body and integrally formed bit 71 braised thereon provides a structure which can be utilized to degrade not only macadam or asphalt but also concrete pavement.

The use of the flat puck shaped polycrystalline bit tip, the bit/bit holder combination provides added use life for the structure and sturdiness thereof which would be superior to the bit and bit holder combinations heretofore known. The shorter use life for a tungsten carbide tipped bit has resulted in a design necessity of allowing the bit to be removed and replaced numerous times prior to replacing the bit holder.

Referring to FIG. 10, a fourth embodiment of bit holder 90 of the present invention is similar to the prior embodiments disclosed herein with 2 differences. First, in order to provide superior brazing of the tungsten carbide ring to the forward end of the bit holder, a forwardly extending annular collar 91 is created on the bit holder body 92 to provide an annular trough 93 onto which the annular ring 94 is mounted. The vertical outer wall of the trough 93 will keep brazing material from flowing outwardly of the joinder between the base of the ring 94 and the annular flange on which the ring 94 is positioned. After the brazing is complete, the outer portion of the trough may be left as is, or may be removed and generally conformed to a shape similar to that shown in FIGS. 1-6.

The second difference between the fourth embodiment of bit holder 90 and the preceding embodiments is an annular cylindrical outer wall portion 96 adjacent the top of to first tapered portion 98 of the shank 97. When it has been determined that the design parameters for the outward forces at the shank first tapered portion 98 have been met utilizing less than the whole available surface area, an annular cylindrical area 100 may be formed adjacent the upper end of the first tapered portion 98 that keeps that area from contacting the bit block bore. The axial width of the cylindrical band may be varied to meet design criteria.

While the invention herein has been shown in three embodiments, and a modification of the first embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made within the aspect of the present invention without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. It is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A bit holder for road milling machinery comprising: a shank comprising: an elongate generally cylindrical member having a distal end including an annular axially inwardly extending groove therein defining an interior surface of an annular outer sidewall, the outer sidewall having a thickness between about ⅛ and ½ inch.

2. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1 further including: at least one axially oriented elongate slot extending longitudinally on the annular outer sidewall from the distal end of said shank.

3. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1 further comprising: an enlarged diameter body extending forwardly of said shank, said body including at its forwardmost end a generally cylindrical flat topped bit with a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) surface.

4. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 3 wherein: said generally cylindrical flat topped bit is mounted in one of a steel base and a metal carbide base, the base having a ductility that provides an impact absorbing member for the flat topped bit, wherein the flat topped bit comprises a PCD tipped bit.

5. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1 further comprising: an enlarged diameter body extending forwardly of said shank, said body including at its forwardmost end a generally cylindrical conical topped bit with a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) surface.

6. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 5 wherein: said generally cylindrical conical topped bit is mounted in one of a steel base and a metal carbide base, the base having a ductility that provides an impact absorbing member for the conical topped bit, wherein the conical topped bit comprises a PCD tipped bit.

7. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1, wherein the groove axially extends a predetermined distance from the distal end toward a forward end of the generally cylindrical member, and wherein the predetermined distance is less than a distance from the distal end to the forward end of the shank.

8. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of axially oriented elongate slots extending longitudinally on said annular outer sidewall from the distal end, wherein each slot is evenly spaced along the outer sidewall.

9. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1, wherein the generally cylindrical member includes a solid core axially extending from a forward end of the generally cylindrical member, a distal section of the solid core separated from the interior surface of the outer sidewall by the groove.

10. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1, further comprising: an enlarged diameter body extending forwardly of the shank, the body including a forwardly extending annular collar having an annular trough, the trough adapted to receive an annular ring.

11. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 1, further comprising: a tapered portion adjacent the distal end of the generally cylindrical member;an annular cylindrical portion adjacent an upper end of the tapered portion; andan annular cylindrical outer wall portion adjacent an upper end of the annular cylindrical portion.

12. A bit holder for road milling machinery comprising: a shank comprising: an elongate generally cylindrical member having a distal end including an annular axially inwardly extending groove therein defining an interior surface of an annular outer sidewall, the outer sidewall having a thickness between about 1/16 and ¼ inch.

13. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 12, wherein the groove axially extends a predetermined distance from the distal end toward a forward end of the generally cylindrical member, and wherein the distance is less than the distance from the distal end to the forward end.

14. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 12, wherein the generally cylindrical member includes a solid core axially extending from a forward end of the generally cylindrical member, a distal section of the solid core separated from the interior surface of the outer sidewall by the groove.

15. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 12, further comprising: an enlarged diameter body extending forwardly of the shank, the body including a forwardly extending annular collar having an annular trough, the trough adapted to receive an annular ring.

16. The bit holder for road milling machinery as defined in claim 12, further comprising: a tapered portion adjacent the distal end of the generally cylindrical member;an annular cylindrical portion adjacent an upper end of the tapered portion; andan annular cylindrical outer wall portion adjacent an upper end of the annular cylindrical portion.