This invention relates generally to an integrally formed road milling bit and bit holders for mounting on road milling and other machines and, more particularly, to combinations of bit and bit holders having a polycrystalline diamond cutting tools as a forward leading tip of each.
Originally, road milling equipment was utilized to smooth out bumps in the surface of a roadway or grind down the joinder of two adjacent concrete slabs that may have buckled. However, later these road milling machines, operated with a cylindrical drum having a plurality of bit blocks mounted thereon in herringbone or spiral fashion, and bit holders with bits on top thereof in turn mounted on the bit blocks, have been utilized for completely degrading concrete and macadam roads down to their gravel base. The apparatus can also be used for trenching and mining operations.
Bits such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,327 disclose an insert having a conical cutting tip that is mounted in a recess in a frustoconical forward portion of the bit. The insert 88 is surrounded by a hardened annular collar that provides added wear resistance to the cutting tool. The tool has a solid generally cylindrical shank extending axially rearwardly from the body portion.
The bit as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,327 patent fits in a central bore in a bit holder as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,371,567 and 6,585,326. The above-described bit holders, being frictionally seated in bores in their respective bit blocks mounted on drums, and not held therein by retaining clips or threaded nuts provide for ease of removal and replacement when the bit holders are worn through use, or broken because of the harsh road degrading environment they are used in.
Additionally, it has been found that because of the harsh use environment, individual bits may wear or be broken off of their shanks and need replacement. Historically, these bits and bit holders have been made of steel with hardened tungsten carbide tips or collars to lengthen their end use service time.
Recently, the use of materials harder than tungsten carbide, i.e., polycrystalline diamond, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 8,118,371 has been used in certain road milling operations, notably the degradation of asphalt layers on long roadway stretches. While the hardness of the polycrystalline diamond tip lengthens the useful life of the combined bit and bit holder shown in the '371 patent, such that the bit does not have to be removable from the bit holder, the combination includes a somewhat brittle polycrystalline diamond tip that is not suitable for use in degrading concrete highways, or curved highway stretches such as cloverleafs and the like.
A need has developed for the provision of a polycrystalline diamond structured combination bit and bit holder that is sturdy enough to withstand the forces found when degrading or breaking up the surfaces of not only macadam (asphalt) roadways but also concrete roadways.
The invention resides a bit holder for road milling machinery, a shank comprising an elongate generally hollow cylindrical member having a distal end including an elongate axially inwardly extending slot through an annular outer side wall thereof and a leading diamond coating or layered tip thereon.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may best be understood from the following detailed description of a currently preferred embodiment and modifications thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts, and in which:
Referring to
In this first embodiment, the shank 14 preferably includes a lower or first tapered portion 23 running axially from a stepped shoulder 24 adjacent the distal end 20 of the shank 14 upwardly or axially from the top or front of the shank 14 where it terminates generally mid slot longitudinally, and includes an annular shoulder 25 separating this lower tapered portion 23 from an upper or second tapered portion 26 which extends from that shoulder 25 generally to the top of the shank 14 or forward terminations of the slots. From a position adjacent the top or upper termination of the slots, a generally cylindrical upper portion 27 of the shank 14 extends towards a generally annular back flange 28 denoting the base of the bit holder body 13 of the bit holder 10.
In the preferred first embodiment of bit holder 10, this generally annular flange 28 includes a pair of horizontal slots 30-30 generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combination bit/bit holder, one on either side of the generally annular flange 28 into which bifurcated fork tines may be inserted between the base of the body portion of the bit holder and a bit block (not shown) into which the shank of the bit/bit holder combination is inserted and retained by outward radial force in use.
An enlarged upper body 32 of the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 includes a generally cylindrical base 33, termed in the trade ad a tire portion, having a cylindrical side wall extending upwardly approximately ½ inch to a generally frustoconical, but in this embodiment a convex surfaced upper body 32, which is a solid structure.
In this first preferred embodiment, a central bore 34 longitudinally and axially through the shank 14 of the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 terminates 35 approximately at the upper end of the shank 14. This allows the generally C-shaped annular side wall of the shank 14 to radially contract when the shank 14 is mounted in one of a tapered or cylindrical bore in a bit block (not shown).
In this first preferred embodiment, the bit holder body 13 of the bit/bit holder combination 10 provides added bulk and strength to the entire unitary assembly which allows the bit/bit holder combination 10 of the present invention to withstand substantial forces and stress superior to heretofore known bit holders or bit/bit holder combinations. The present invention may be utilized not only in the degrading and removal of macadam or asphalt from long straight stretches of roadway, but may also provide for the removal of concrete and other materials both in straight long stretches and in curved sections such as at corners, cloverleaf intersections, or the like. Also the flat top design is less expensive to make and is a readily available part stocked by many suppliers. Such commercially available products are the subject matter of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,355,969 and 8,169,634, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Adjacent the top of the preferred first embodiment of the present invention shown in
With the bit holder body 13 of the present invention preferably made of 4340 or equivalent steel, the top of the upper extension 37 of the upper body 32 includes a generally cylindrical or radially declining tapered bore 40 extending from the co-terminal upper wall of the body axially inwardly thereof which defines in this preferred embodiment a declining radial taper. This tapered bore 40 extends a short distance longitudinally axially inwardly of the annular extension 37 that defines the base for the tungsten carbide protective ring 38. Bore 40 can also be a hollow cylindrical shape or one having a slight draw or draft angle.
This generally cylindrical or declining taper bore 40 provides a space for receiving a complementary shaped positive generally cylindrical or declining tapered outer surface of a solid base insert 42 for the bit/bit holder combination. The base insert 42 for the bit also extends upwardly and if tapered outwardly axially longitudinally from the co-terminal upper extension 37 of the bit holder body 13 and includes an upper annular ring portion 43 which, in this embodiment, is made of tungsten carbide.
This top portion of the bit base insert 42 includes a generally cylindrical bore 44 positioned centrally therein into which tip base 45 of the bit tip may be positioned and braised therein to provide a unitary structure. This tip base 45 may be made of steel or tungsten carbide and includes at the outer or upper end thereof a tip 46 which is preferably made of polycrystalline diamond structure which, in this embodiment, may be frustoconical in shape 47, as shown in
The conical tip 46 shown in
The flat generally cylindrical puck shaped tip 48 of the bit of the first modification of the bit holder 12 shown in
A second embodiment of a bit holder 50 of the preferred invention, shown in
In this second embodiment, not only is the generally frustoconical, convex side wall of the bit holder body 53 solid in construction, with the exception of a bore 56 for mounting the bit 51 at a forward end 57 thereof, the shank 54 that extends from a generally annular flange 58 of the bit holder body 53 is also largely solid in construction. Similar to the first embodiment of bit holder 10, the upper or forward portion of the shank 54, adjacent the generally annular flange 58 of the body portion, includes a cylindrical portion which has a second tapered portion 60 extending axially from the border thereof and a shoulder portion 61 that extends radially outwardly of the base of the second tapered portion 60 that defines the top of the first tapered portion 62 which extends axially to a distal end 63 of the shank 54.
As indicated previously, this first tapered portion 62 may include a taper of about 1 degree or less, down to having a cylindrical outer surface. Whereas the shank in the first embodiment shown in
This annular trepanned groove 69 is formed to provide a side wall for the first tapered portion 62 having a thickness which may vary from about ⅛ inch to about ½ inch depending upon the desired elastic flexibility of the side wall of the first tapered portion 62.
In construction, the trepanned groove 69 is a less expensive forming operation than is the bore 34 found in the first embodiment of bit holder 10 of
The difference between the second embodiment and the third embodiment is that the third embodiment does not include the slots shown in the second embodiment. The thickness of the outer side wall of the annular first tapered portion 75 (which may also be cylindrical) will be thinner than that disclosed in the second embodiment of bit holder 50 shown in
With such a fit, the shank side wall may wrinkle when a shank is inserted in a bit block bore. Again, the third embodiment of bit holder 70 shown in
The use of the flat puck shaped polycrystalline bit tip, the bit/bit holder combination provides added use life for the structure and sturdiness thereof which would be superior to the bit and bit holder combinations heretofore known. The shorter use life for a tungsten carbide tipped bit has resulted in a design necessity of allowing the bit to be removed and replaced numerous times prior to replacing the bit holder.
Referring to
The second difference between the fourth embodiment of bit holder 90 and the preceding embodiments is an annular cylindrical outer wall portion 96 adjacent the top of the first tapered portion 98 of the shank 97. When it has been determined that the design parameters for the outward forces at the shank first tapered portion 98 have been met utilizing less than the whole available surface area, an annular cylindrical area 100 may be formed adjacent the upper end of the first tapered portion 98 that keeps that area from contacting the bit block bore. The axial width of the cylindrical band may be varied to meet design criteria.
While the invention herein has been shown in three embodiments, and a modification of the first embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made within the aspect of the present invention without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. It is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/716,243 filed Oct. 19, 2012, and claims priority to and is a continuation in part of non-provisional application Ser. No. 13/801,012 filed Mar. 13, 2013 to the extent allowed by law.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13801012 | Mar 2013 | US |
Child | 14719638 | US |