Patent Application
20240016941
The present invention relates to combinations of compounds which are useful in treating conditions such as cystic fibrosis. The invention also relates to the use of compounds included in the provided combinations together with other therapies such as genetic therapies for treating conditions such as cystic fibrosis. The compounds used in such combinations and associated therapies are indanes. The compounds act as inhibitors of the enzyme LasB. The invention provides combinations of said indanes with CFTR modulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said indanes and one or more CFTR modulator. Also provided are medical uses of the indane compounds, combinations and compositions, and associated methods of treating conditions such as cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening disease affecting approximately 70,000 sufferers worldwide. CF is the most common lethal, hereditary disease in Caucasian populations, resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The prevalence of CF in Europe is 1 in every 2,000-3,000 live births, and in North America is about 1 in every 3,500 births. In the UK there are approximately 9,800 people with CF.
Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in both copies of the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Most common mutations in this protein (i) impair protein synthesis, (ii) prevent the protein from migrating to the surface of the cell and/or (iii) lead to synthesis of an ion channel that fails to open correctly. The consequence of a defective ion channel is that chloride ions cannot flow in and out of the cell as they should do, leading to an imbalance of ionic concentrations resulting in an increase of mucus thickness and its accumulation in several organs such as lung, pancreas and gut. In lungs, mucus accumulation results in a reduction of lung function, chronic inflammation and persistent infections. These chronic infections worsen both the general pathology and the lung function by increasing the inflammation and degrading lung tissue integrity.
Individuals with CF typically have to contend with infections caused by bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the most common cause of chronic lung infection in individuals with CF, and chronic infection with PA is found in 9% of pre-school children, 32% of 10-15 year olds and the majority (between 59% and 80%) of adults with CF, leading to progressive lung damage and early death.
As the lung of the individual with CF is colonised by PA, the growth pattern of the bacteria changes and its capacity for survival improves. In chronic infection, PA bacteria on mucosal and epithelial surfaces, or in sputum, form biofilms as well as producing large quantities of alginate (the so-called mucoid phenotype) which reduce the effectiveness of phagocytosis and antibiotic therapy. This leads to chronic colonisation of the lung by PA that is not cleared by conventional antibiotic therapy. Patients who are colonised with PA show a more rapid decline in lung function, faster decline in chest radiograph score, poor weight gain, increased hospitalisation rates and an increased need for antibiotic therapy. Median survival is reduced and mortality is significantly increased. Most disease-related morbidity and mortality in CF is caused by progressive lung disease as a result of bacterial infection and airway inflammation, primarily associated with the effects of chronic PA lung infection and the persistence of PA biofilms.
Considerable efforts have been made to identify effective treatments for CF. To date, many treatments have sought to manage the symptoms of CF including the bacterial infection common to CF patients. However, despite intensive antibiotic treatment, adaptive mechanisms such as biofilm formation allow PA to resist both immune and antibiotic pressures, leading to recurrent exacerbations and respiratory failure. In a different approach, treatments have been recently explored for addressing the defect in the CFTR protein which leads to the CF symptoms.
Recently a number of drugs (CFTR modulators) have been introduced into the clinic either as standalone drugs or in combination, and which can address certain mutant CFTR proteins. The broad class of CFTR modulators includes CFTR potentiators, CFTR correctors and CFTR amplifiers. CFTR potentiators preferentially stabilise the CFTR channel in the open form in order to facilitate ion channel movement through the CFTR protein. CFTR correctors typically promote wild-type-like folding of the mutant CFTR protein thereby promoting cellular transport to the cell membrane. CFTR amplifiers typically increase cellular levels of CFTR mRNA leading to increased protein expression.
Another early stage approach to treat the disease of CF is gene therapy. In one aspect, plasmid DNA encoding for a non-mutant form of the CTFR gene can be directly administered to a CF patient, causing the increased expression of active protein. Such plasmid DNA can be administered in a variety of ways, e.g. by encapsulation in a cationic liposome, which can for instance be administered to a subject in need by inhalation. Early data is encouraging for the benefits of this approach. A related approach is to administer the mRNA that can be translated into the CFTR protein directly to the patient, for example via inhalation of lipid nanoparticles containing the mRNA to deliver the mRNA to the lungs of the individual.
Although as explained above CFTR mutations are responsible for disease in individuals with CF and lead to chronic infections by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CFTR deficiencies are also implicated in other clinical indications. For example, CFTR expression has been reported as being downregulated in epithelial cells treated with cigarette smoke, and CFTR-sufficient smokers have been described as exhibiting a decrease in CFTR function. Decreased CFTR protein expression has also been associated with non-CF pulmonary conditions such as COPD. Accordingly, strategies for improving therapies for CF patients may also prove useful in treating other conditions associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function, including COPD, particularly in subjects also suffering from bacterial infections.
Despite the advantages that therapies such as CFTR modulators offer in treating CF, challenges remain. One key issue is that even successful CFTR correction therapies (CFTR modulators, genetic therapies etc) can sometimes still be insufficient to counter the negative effects of bacterial infection. Not only is such infection dangerous in a primary sense (i.e. leading to inflammation, etc), but secondary effects of such infection include a reduced efficacy of CFTR correction therapies, e.g. based on the in vitro activity of the therapies and their in vivo activity in otherwise healthy organisms. There is thus a pressing need for new strategies for improving the efficacy of existing treatments for CF and other conditions associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function.
The effect which bacteria may have on CFTR function is highly complex. For example, Laselva et al (Biomolecules 2020, 10, 334) describes how expression of mature CFTR has been found to decrease upon infection with P. aeruginosa, and Trinh et al (Eur Respir J 2015, 45, 1590-1602) describes how PA exoproducts may reduce CFTR protein synthesis. Other studies have indicated that LasB, a metalloprotease present in the P. aeruginosa secretome and a virulence factor in CF secretions downregulates interleukin (IL)-6, a antimicrobial-lung repair pathway involved in upregulating expression of the antimicrobial molecule trappin-21 infection, and may also be implicated in CFTR degradation.
The present inventors have recognized that in view of such activity, CFTR correction therapies, e.g. the use of CFTR modulators, will be hampered by LasB expressed by the bacteria typically colonizing subjects suffering from CF.
One possible approach to address such issues could perhaps be to administer CFTR modulators together with antibiotics in order to combat the bacterial infection. A large number of antibiotic compounds are known and have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against a wide range of LasB expressing bacteria. However, currently available antibiotics are incapable of controlling some bacterial infections. In some cases, this is because the target bacteria have acquired antibiotic resistance, for example via horizontal gene transfer. For example, Laselva et al (Biomolecules 2020, 10, 334) describes how a combination therapy involving CFTR modulators and the antibiotic compound tobramycin was incapable of restoring CFTR function in cells infected by tobramycin-resistance PA bacteria. In other cases, antibiotic treatment is unsuccessful because the target bacteria are found in a state in which the efficacy of antibiotics which would otherwise be highly active is reduced. One such state is a bacterial biofilm.
Bacteria in biofilms are enclosed in a self-produced extracellular biopolymer matrix, which may include polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Bacteria in biofilms typically exhibit different properties from free-living bacteria of the same species. Such properties typically include increased resistance to antibiotics and detergents and increased lateral gene transfer. For example, bacteria in biofilms typically display up to 1,000-fold higher tolerance to antibiotic challenge than their single cell, planktonic (free-living) counterparts.
Pathogenic bacteria are typically the target of antibacterial treatments, but biofilms formed by such bacteria are typically extremely difficult to eradicate using conventional therapeutic regimes. In particular, antibiotic compounds are often incapable of effectively penetrating the biofilm matrix to target the bacteria. This limitation in the efficacy of antibacterial compounds is especially important for individuals who through immunodeficiency or other diseases or conditions cannot adequately combat bacterial infection. Such individuals include those suffering from cystic fibrosis.
Appreciating this difficulty, the present inventors have recognised that a new avenue of therapy for diseases associated with CFTR downregulation and/or decreased CFTR function lies in increasing the efficacy of CFTR correction therapies, e.g. the use of CFTR modulators, by targeting specifically the LasB protein expressed by such bacteria. In this context, the present inventors have developed a series of compounds which are highly active against LasB. Such compounds enhance the activity of CFTR correction therapies by reducing the LasB-induced degradation of the functional CFTR protein.
As described in more detail herein, the inventors have found that compounds of Formula (I) are potent inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived elastase enzyme LasB.
Accordingly, the invention provides a combination comprising (i) a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) one or more CFTR modulator;
Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) as defined herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (ii) one or more CFTR modulator and (iii) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent.
In the combination or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein, said CFTR modulator is typically selected from CFTR potentiators, CFTR correctors and CFTR amplifiers. Exemplary CFTR modulators include ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor, VX659, VX152 and VX-440 and combinations thereof.
Also provided is a combination or pharmaceutical composition as defined herein, further comprising an antibiotic agent. The antibiotic agent is preferably selected from tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, colistin, aztreonam, azithromycin and levofloxacin.
Also provided is a combination or pharmaceutical composition as defined herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject.
The invention further provides a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, said use comprising administering said compound in combination with a CFTR modulator to said subject. Further provided is a CFTR modulator for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, said use comprising administering said CFTR modulator in combination with a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein. Preferably, the CFTR modulator is as described herein. Preferably, said disease is cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Also provided is the use of a combination, pharmaceutical composition or compound according to Formula (I) as defined herein, in treating bacterial infection in a subject. Preferably, said subject suffers from cystic fibrosis.
Still further provided is a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject receiving a genetic therapy for said disease. Preferably said genetic therapy is selected from an integrating gene therapy; a non-integrating gene therapy; and an RNA therapy.
** p<0.01.
RU=relative light units, proportional to the levels of IL-1β in this experiment.
**p<0.01, ***p<0.001
**p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
RU=relative light units, proportional to the levels of IL-1β in this experiment.
**p<0.01, ***p<0.001
As used herein, a C1 to C4 alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A C1 to C4 alkyl group is often a C1 to C3 alkyl group. Examples of C1 to C4 alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl. A C1 to C3 alkyl group is typically a C1 to C2 alkyl group. A C1 to C2 alkyl group is methyl or ethyl, typically methyl. For the avoidance of doubt, where two alkyl groups are present, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
As used herein, an alkoxy group is typically a said alkyl group attached to an oxygen atom. Thus, a C2 to C4 alkoxy group is a C2 to C4 alkyl group attached to an oxygen atom. A C1 to C3 alkoxy group is a C1 to C3 alkyl group attached to an oxygen atom. Examples of C2 to C4 alkoxy groups include ethoxy, n-propyoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, and tert-butoxy. Examples of C1 to C3 alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy n-propyoxy and iso-propoxy. Typically, a C1 to C3 alkoxy group is a C1 to C2 alkoxy group such as a methoxy or ethoxy group. For the avoidance of doubt, where two alkoxy groups are present, the alkoxy groups may be the same or different.
As used herein, a C2 to C4 alkenyl group is a linear or branched alkenyl group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having one or more, e.g. one or two, typically one double bonds. Typically a C2 to C4 alkenyl group is a C2 to C3 alkenyl group. Examples of C2 to C4 alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl and butenyl. For the avoidance of doubt, where two alkenyl groups are present, the alkenyl groups may be the same or different.
As used herein, a C2 to C4 alkynyl group is a linear or branched alkynyl group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having one or more, e.g. one or two, typically one triple bonds. Typically a C2 to C4 alkynyl group is a C2 to C3 alkynyl group. Examples of C2 to C4 alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl. For the avoidance of doubt, where two alkynyl groups are present, the alkynyl groups may be the same or different.
Unless otherwise stated, an alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl group as defined herein may be unsubstituted or substituted as provided herein. The substituents on a substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy group are typically themselves unsubstituted. Where more than one substituent is present, these may be the same or different.
As used herein, a halogen is typically chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine and is preferably chlorine, bromine or fluorine, especially chorine or fluorine.
A 3- to 14-membered carbocyclic group is a cyclic hydrocarbon containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms. A 4- to 10-membered carbocyclic group is a cyclic hydrocarbon containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms. A carbocyclic group may be saturated or partially unsaturated, but is typically saturated. A 4- to 10-membered carbocyclic group may be a fused bicyclic group or a spiro bicyclic group, as defined herein. A 4- to 10-membered carbocyclic group may be a saturated 4- to 6-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic group. Examples of 4- to 6-membered saturated carbocyclic groups include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
A 3- to 14-membered heterocyclic group is a cyclic group containing from 3 to 14 atoms selected from C, O, N and S in the ring, including at least one heteroatom, and typically one or two heteroatoms. The heteroatom or heteroatoms are typically selected from O, N, and S, most typically from S and N, especially N. A 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic group is a cyclic group containing from 4 to 10 atoms selected from C, O, N and S in the ring, including at least one heteroatom, and typically one or two heteroatoms. The heteroatom or heteroatoms are typically selected from O, N, and S, most typically from O and N, especially N. A heterocyclic group may be saturated or partially unsaturated, but is typically saturated. A 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic group may be a fused bicyclic group or a spiro bicyclic group, as defined herein. A 4- to 10-membered heterocyclic group may be a saturated 4- to 6-membered, preferably 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group. References herein to heterocyclic group(s) include quaternised derivatives thereof, as defined herein. Preferred nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups include azetidine, morpholine, 1,4-oxazepane, octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole, piperazine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine, including quaternised derivatives thereof, as defined herein.
As used herein, a C6 to C10 aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic group containing from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring portion. Examples include monocyclic groups such as phenyl and fused bicyclic groups such as naphthyl and indenyl. Phenyl (benzene) is preferred.
As used herein, a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic group containing from 5 to 10 atoms in the ring portion, including at least one heteroatom, for example 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, typically selected from O, S and N. A heteroaryl group is typically a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group or a 9- or 10-membered heteroaryl group. Preferably, the heteroaryl group comprises 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. References herein to heteroaryl group(s) include quaternised derivatives thereof, as defined herein. Preferred nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups include imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine and pyrazine, including quaternised derivatives thereof, as defined herein.
As used herein, a fused bicyclic group is a group comprising two cyclic moieties sharing a common bond between two atoms. A spiro bicyclic group is a group comprising two cyclic moieties sharing a common atom.
A carbocyclic, heterocyclic, aryl or heteroaryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted as described herein. The substituents on a substituted carbocyclic, heterocyclic, aryl or heteroaryl group are typically themselves unsubstituted, unless otherwise stated.
A number of the compounds described herein comprise heterocyclic or heteroaryl groups comprising at least one nitrogen atom. In such compounds, said nitrogen atom(s) are independently selected from secondary, tertiary and quaternary nitrogen atom(s). A quaternary nitrogen atom is present when the compound comprises a quaternised derivative of one or more monocyclic groups or fused bicyclic groups. As used herein, a quaternised derivative of a moiety such as a cyclic moiety is formed by bonding an additional alkyl group to a nitrogen atom in the moiety such that the valency of the said nitrogen atom increases from 3 to 4 and the nitrogen atom is positively charged.
As used herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base. Pharmaceutically acceptable acids include both inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic or nitric acid and organic acids such as oxalic, citric, fumaric, maleic, malic, ascorbic, succinic, tartaric, palmitic, benzoic, acetic, triphenylacetic, methanesulphonic, ethanesulphonic, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthenoic, isethionic, benzenesulphonic orp-toluenesulphonic acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable bases include alkali metal (e.g. sodium or potassium), alkali earth metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) and zinc bases, for example hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, and organic bases such as alkyl amines, aralkyl (i.e. aryl-substituted alkyl; e.g. benzyl) amines and heterocyclic amines.
Where the compound of Formula (I) contains a positively charged nitrogen atom, the compound may exist as a zwitterion, where R1 is O−, thus leaving a COO− group. Such compounds may also be provided in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Suitable salts include those formed with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, which provide a proton to the COO− group, and a counter-ion to balance the positive charge on the quaternary nitrogen atom. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acids include hydrochloric acid, sulphonic acids including methanesulphonic acid and toluene sulphonic acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid. Hydrochloric acid and sulphonic acids are preferred, in particular hydrochloric acid. Alternatively, zwitterions can be combined with pharmaceutically acceptable bases as mentioned above, for example, alkali metal (e.g. sodium or potassium) and alkali earth metal (e.g. calcium or magnesium) hydroxides. The compounds of Formula (I) can also be provided as so-called triple salts. Typically a triple salt of a compound of Formula (I) comprises both a zwitterion pair within the Formula (I) compound and a further charged group which is associated with a counterion in order to form a salt. For example, the compound of Formula (I) may comprise two negatively charged groups and one positively charged group, such that a zwitterion pair forms between one of the negatively charged groups and the positively charged group, and the remaining negatively charged group forms a salt. Alternatively, the compound of Formula (I) may comprise two positively charged groups and one negatively charged group, such that a zwitterion pair forms between one of the positively charged groups and the negatively charged group, and the remaining positively charged group forms a salt.
In Formula (I), the stereochemistry is not limited. In particular, compounds of Formula (I) containing one or more stereocentre (e.g. one or more chiral centre) may be used in enantiomerically or diastereoisomerically pure form, or in the form of a mixture of isomers. Further, for the avoidance of doubt, the compounds of the invention may be used in any tautomeric form. Typically, the agent or substance described herein contains at least 50%, preferably at least 60, 75%, 90% or 95% of a compound according to Formula (I) which is enantiomerically or diasteriomerically pure. Thus, the compound is preferably substantially optically pure.
For the avoidance of doubt, the terms ‘indane’, ‘indanyl derivative’ and ‘indane derivative’ may be used interchangeably and unless otherwise indicated refer to compounds of the invention, such as compounds of Formula (I).
Compounds of Formula (I)
Usually, in Formula (I),
A:
or
B:
or
C:
Typically, in Formula (I), R1 is selected from OH, NHOH and OR1a, or where the compound of Formula (I) contains a positively charged nitrogen atom, R1 may be O−, such that the compound forms a zwitterion. R1a is typically an unsubstituted C1 to C4 alkyl group, such as an unsubstituted C1 to C2 alkyl group. More preferably, R1a is methyl or t-butyl.
More preferably, R1 is OH or NHOH, or where the compound of Formula (I) contains a positively charged nitrogen atom, R1 may be O−, such that the compound forms a zwitterion. Still more preferably, R1 is OH, or where the compound of Formula (I) contains a positively charged nitrogen atom, R1 may be O−, such that the compound forms a zwitterion.
Preferably, R2 is selected from H and unsubstituted C1 to C2 alkyl; preferably R2 is selected from H and methyl. More preferably, R2 is H. Preferably, R4 is selected from H and methyl. More preferably, R4 is H. Still more preferably, R2 and R4 are independently H or methyl, most preferably they are both H.
Preferably, therefore, R1 is selected from OH, NHOH and OR1a; or where the compound of Formula (I) contains a positively charged nitrogen atom, R1 may be O−, such that the compound forms a zwitterion; R2 is selected from H and unsubstituted C1 to C2 alkyl; and R4 is H.
Each R3 group is typically independently selected from halogen; and —OH; and —NH2. More preferably, each R3 group is independently selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine or chlorine) and —OH. Yet more preferably each R3 group is halogen (e.g. fluorine or chlorine), most preferably fluorine. Typically, n is an integer from 0 to 2; more preferably n is 0 or 2; most preferably n is 0. Preferably, where more than one R3 group is present, each R3 is the same.
Preferably, therefore, in Formula (I):
Preferably, in Formula (I), Lk is selected from -L- and —(CH2)d-L′-(CH2)e—; wherein:
When Lk is L, L is preferably selected from a bond and an unsubstituted C1 to C2 alkylene group. More preferably, when Lk is L, L is an unsubstituted C1 alkylene (i.e. methylene) group.
Typically, when Lk is —(CH2)d-L′-(CH2)e—, e is 0. Often, d is 0. Preferably, e is 0 and d is 0 or 1. More preferably, e is 0 and d is 0.
In one embodiment, L′ is the moiety
Typically, R50 is selected from —R60, —C(O)OR60; and —C(O)R60. Alternatively, R50 can be selected from —R60, —C(O)OR60; and —C(O)NR10R60, where R10 is H or methyl, typically H. Preferably, R50 is selected from —R60 and —C(O)OR60. More preferably, R50 is —R60.
R60 is preferably selected from:
When R60 is according to option (ii) above, R60 is typically a C1 to C4 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups, preferably one group, independently selected from —OH; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12; more preferably R60 is a t-butyl group or is a C1 to C2 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12; still more preferably R6c is a C1 to C2 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one group selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12, and most preferably R60 is methyl or ethyl, preferably methyl.
When R60 is according to option (iii) above, R60 is a preferably a 3- to 10-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic group or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic group; more preferably a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic group or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaromatic group; still more preferably a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group or a 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic group. When R60 is according to option (iii) above, R60 is more typically a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic group; preferably a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group. When R60 is a heteroaromatic group, it is preferably a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic group, more preferably an oxadiazole group e.g. 1,3,4-oxadiazole. When R60 is a heterocyclic group, the heterocyclic group is preferably saturated. When R60 is a heterocyclic group, it is preferably a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group. More preferably, when R60 is a heterocyclic group, R60 is piperidine or piperazine, most preferably piperidine.
When R60 is according to option (iii) above, R60 is typically unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl groups which are each independently unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and halogen; more preferably R60 is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from C1 to C2 alkyl groups which are each independently unsubstituted or substituted with one group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and still more preferably R60 is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two methyl substituents.
Preferably, R60 is according to option (i) above or option (ii) above. More preferably, R60 is H (i.e., R60 is according to option (i) above).
In another embodiment, L′ is the moiety
The moiety -M-Q- is selected from —CH2—CH2—; —CH2—NH—; and —CH2—O—; wherein a hydrogen atom from one of M and Q is replaced with the bond to the moiety —(CH2)e—NR4— of Formula (I). In other words, the moiety -M-Q- is selected from —CH()—CH2—; —CH2—CH(
)-; —CH(
)—NH—; —CH2—N(
)-; and —CH(
)—O—; wherein
indicates the point of attachment to the moiety —(CH2)e—NR4— of Formula (I).
When e is 0, the moiety —(CH2)e—NR4— of Formula (I) is —NR4—, and the moiety -M-Q- is bonded to the —NR4— moiety of Formula (I) via a ring carbon atom. In other words, when e is 0, -M-Q- is selected from —CH()—CH2—; —CH2—CH(
)-; —CH(
)—NH—; and —CH(
)—O—. Preferably, -M-Q- is selected from —CH2—CH2— and —CH2—NH—, more preferably —CH2—CH2—. Still more preferably, -M-Q- is selected from —CH2—CH(
)- and —CH2—N(
)-, more preferably —CH2—CH(
)-. Most preferably, the moiety
is piperidinylene or pyrrolidinylene, preferably pyrrolidinylene.
Preferably, in Formula (I), L′ is the moiety
Preferably, therefore, in Formula (I):
is selected from piperidinylene or pyrrolidinylene.
More preferably, in Formula (I):
In a particularly preferred embodiment, d=e=0 and L′ represents a group —CH2—.
Therefore, in Formula (I), most preferably Lk is —CH2—.
In Formula (I), {circle around (A)} is preferably selected from benzothiazole, thiazole, pyrazole, benzene, benzofuran, benzimidazole, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, indole, isoquinoline, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine. More preferably, {circle around (A)} is selected from benzene, benzothiazole, thiazole, benzofuran, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, benzimidazole, benzothiophene, indole, and 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine. Still more preferably, {circle around (A)} is selected from benzene, benzothiazole, thiazole, benzofuran, and indole. Sometimes, {circle around (A)} is not benzene. Even more preferably, {circle around (A)} is selected from benzothiazole, thiazole, benzofuran and indole, e.g. {circle around (A)} is benzothiazole or thiazole. Most preferably, {circle around (A)} is benzothiazole.
In Formula (I), preferably m is 1 or 2. More preferably, m is 2.
In some preferred compounds, {circle around (A)} is benzothiazole and, preferably, m is 2.
Preferably, therefore, in Formula (I):
In a first preferred embodiment of Formula (I), each G group is independently selected from:
Preferably, in this embodiment, each G is independently selected from:
In embodiments when G is a 4- to 10-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group according to option (i) above, G is preferably a 4- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group. More preferably G is a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or a spiro 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, for example a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group. Preferably, when G is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group according to option (i), G is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; —C(NR11)R12; and unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C2 alkyl; wherein each substituted alkyl group is substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12; preferably by one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12. More preferably, G is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1 to C2 alkyl; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12.
Accordingly, when G is according to option (i) above, G is preferably a 4- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; —C(NR11)R12; and unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C2 alkyl; wherein each substituted alkyl group is substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12; preferably by one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12. When G is a 4- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, G is preferably selected from piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and azetidine and 2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane. More preferably, when G is according to option (i) above, G is preferably a 4- to 7- or 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; —C(NR11)R12; and C1 to C2 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12. More preferably, when G is according to option (i), G is a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or a spiro 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, for example a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1 to C2 alkyl; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12, more preferably by —NR10R11 or —N+R10R11R12.
Still more preferably, when G is according to option (i), G is a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1 to C2 alkyl; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. When G is according to option (i), G is most preferably substituted by one substituent. When G is a 4- to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, G is preferably selected from piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and azetidine; more preferably from piperazine, piperidine and pyrrolidine; most preferably piperazine; each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or two substituents selected from C1 to C2 alkyl; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12; more preferably by one substituent selected from methyl, —NH2 and —N+Me3. For the avoidance of doubt, a substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group G may be substituted at a ring nitrogen atom (for example a piperazine ring may be substituted by one or two methyl groups so that G is 1-methylpiperazine or 1,1-dimethylpiperazin-1-ium etc.) or at a ring carbon atom (for example a pyrrolidine ring may be substituted by an —NR10R11 or —N+R10R11R12 group so that G is pyrrolidin-3-amine, N,N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine; or N,N,N-trimethylpyrrolidin-3-aminium etc.)
When G is according to option (ii), G is preferably selected from C2 to C4 alkoxy; C1 to C4 alkyl; C2 to C4 alkenyl; C2 to C4 alkynyl; and —NRY—C1 to C4 alkyl each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —OH, halogen; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12; or G is methoxy which is substituted by one, two or three fluorine substituents; e.g. G may be —OCF3. More preferably, when G is according to option (ii), G is selected from C2 to C4 alkoxy; C1 to C4 alkyl; C2 to C4 alkenyl; C2 to C4 alkynyl; and —NRY—C1 to C4 alkyl; each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; NR10C(NR11)R12; and —C(NR11)R12. More preferably, when G is according to option (ii), G is selected from C2 to C4 alkoxy; C1 to C4 alkyl; C2 to C4 alkenyl; C2 to C4 alkynyl; and —NRY—C1 to C4 alkyl; each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12. Still more preferably, when Y is according to option (ii), Y is selected from C2 to C3 alkoxy; C1 to C3 alkyl; C2 to C3 alkenyl; C2 to C3 alkynyl; and —NRY—C1 to C3 alkyl; each of which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one group selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12. In one embodiment, G is not —OMe. Most preferably, when G is according to option (ii), G is selected from C1 to C3 alkyl; C2 to C4 alkenyl; and C2 to C3 alkynyl, each of which is substituted with one group selected from —NR10R11 and —N+R10R11R12.
RY is typically H or C1 to C2 alkyl; more preferably H or methyl, most preferably H.
When G is according to option (iii), G is preferably chlorine, bromine, —OH, or methoxy; preferably methoxy or —OH, more preferably —OH.
When G is according to option (iv), G is preferably selected from C3 to C6 carbocyclyl; and —O—C3 to C6 carbocyclyl; wherein each carbocyclyl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and C1 to C4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. More preferably, when G is according to option (iv), G is selected from C3 to C4 carbocyclyl; and —O—C3 to C4 carbocyclyl; wherein each carbocyclyl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and C1 to C2 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. Most preferably, when G is according to option (iv), G is selected from C4 carbocyclyl and —O—C4 carbocyclyl and is unsubstituted or is substituted with one group selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12 and C1 to C2 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. Preferably, G is according to option (i), (ii) or (iii) above. More preferably, G is according to option (i) or (ii) above, or G is methoxy. More preferably, G is according to option (ii) or is methoxy, most preferably G is according to option (ii).
Still more preferably, therefore each G is independently selected from:
When G is bonded to a nitrogen atom, G can also usefully be a protecting group such as Boc [tBu-OC(O)—]. Such compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of Formula (I).
Preferred compounds of Formula (I) according to this embodiment include:
More particularly preferred compounds of Formula (I) according to this embodiment are:
Further preferred compounds of Formula (I) according to this embodiment are:
In a second preferred embodiment of Formula (I), the moiety {circle around (A)}-(G)m is
Preferably, in this embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is other than:
In a first preferred aspect of this embodiment:
Typically, in this aspect, R5 if present is methoxy.
Typically R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy, for example ethoxy, n-propoxy or n-butoxy, preferably ethoxy or n-propoxy, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted.
Typically, R6 is unsubstituted or is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and —OR6c. In one embodiment, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —OR6c and —NR10R6c. Preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and —OR6c. More preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is substituted with a group selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and —OR6c. Most preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is substituted with a group —OR6c.
In some preferred compounds, R6c is a C1 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10NR11R12; —NR10N+R11R12R13; —N+R10R11NR12R13; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —C(NR10)NR11R12; and —C(N+R10R11)NR12R13; or is a C2 to C3 alkyl group which is substituted with a group selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10NR11R12; —NR10N+R11R12R13; —N+R10R11NR12R13; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —C(NR10)NR11R12; and —C(N+R10R11)NR12R13. In other preferred compounds R6c is a C1 to C3 alkyl group which is substituted with a group selected from —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; —NR10NR11R12; —NR10N+R11R12R13; —N+R10R11NR12R13; —NR10C(NR11)NR12R13; —NR10C(N+R11R12)NR13R14; —C(NR10)NR11R12; and —C(N+R10R11)NR12R13.
R6 is typically a C1 to C3 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from OH; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. Preferably, R6c is a C1 to C3 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from OH; —NMe2; and —N+Me3. More preferably, R6c is a C1 to C2 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from OH; —NMe2; and —N+Me3.
Thus, R6 is preferably C2 to C4 alkoxy which is unsubstituted or is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NR10R11; —N+R10R11R12; and —OR6c, wherein R6c is a C1 to C3 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from OH; —NR10R11; and —N+R10R11R12. More preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is unsubstituted or is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NMe2; —N+Me3; and —OR6c, wherein R6c is a C1 to C3 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a group selected from —NMe2; and —N+(Me)3. Preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is unsubstituted or is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NMe2; —N+(Me)3; and —OR6c, wherein R6c is a C1 to C2alkyl group which is substituted with a group selected from —NMe2; and —N+(Me)3. Most preferably, R6 is C2 to C4 alkoxy which is unsubstituted or is substituted with a group selected from —OH; —NMe2; —N+(Me)3; —O(CH2)—NMe2; and —O(CH2)—N+(Me)3.
Typically, in this aspect, therefore,
More preferably, therefore, in this aspect:
Preferably, in this embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is other than:
Typically, R6 is bonded at the ring position marked as 1 below. If a group R is present, this is typically present at the position marked as 2 below.
Preferred compounds of Formula (I) according to this aspect include:
More preferred compounds according to this aspect are:
Most preferred compounds of this aspect are 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds.
In a second preferred aspect of this embodiment,
In a first form of this aspect, each R6 is preferably independently selected from: —R6aRA, —O—R6aRA, —NR20—R6aRA, —R6bRB, —O—R6bRB, —NR20—R6bRB, —RXRR, —O—RXRR, —O—RX—C(O)—RR, and —RX—C(O)—RR. More preferably, each R6 is independently selected from: —O—R6aRA, —NR20—R6aRA, —O—R6bRB, —NR20—R6bRB, —O—RXRR, and —O—RX—C(O)—RR. Most preferably, each R6 is independently selected from: —O—R6aRA, —O—R6bRB, —O—RXRR, and —O—RX—C(O)—RR.
In this form, each RX is preferably an R6a group. Each R6a is preferably independently a C1 to C4 alkylene group and is independently unsubstituted or is substituted by one group selected from —OH, halogen; —NR20R21; —N+R20R21R22; and unsubstituted methoxy. Most preferably, each R6a is independently an unsubstituted C1 to C4 alkylene group; preferably an unsubstituted C1 to C3 alkylene group.
In this form, each R6b is preferably independently a [C1 to C3 alkylene]-C(Rz)2Rb group; wherein the two RZ groups are attached together to form, together with the atom to which they are attached, a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic group. More preferably, the two RZ groups are attached together to form, together with the atom to which they are attached, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, most preferably a piperidine or an oxane group, preferably an oxane group. The carbocyclic or heterocyclic group formed by the two RZ groups is preferably unsubstituted or is substituted by one substituted selected from —CH3, —OH and —OCH3. Most preferably the carbocyclic or heterocyclic group formed by the two RZ groups is unsubstituted.
In this form, RA is preferably selected from —NR20R30; —N+R20R21R30; —NR20NR21R22; and —NR20N+R21R22R23. More preferably, RA is selected from —NR20R30; and —N+R20R21R30.
In this form, RB is preferably selected from —NR20R21; —N+R20R21R22; —NR20NR21R22; and —NR20N+R21R22R23. More preferably, RB is selected from —NR20R21; and —N+R20R21R22.
In this form, each RR is preferably independently a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or 4- to 6-membered heterocyclic group comprising at least one nitrogen atom, and said nitrogen atom(s) are independently selected from secondary, tertiary and quaternary nitrogen atom(s). More preferably, each RR is independently a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclic group, e.g. a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, and comprises at least one nitrogen atom, and said nitrogen atom(s) are independently selected from secondary, tertiary and quaternary nitrogen atom(s). Most preferably, each RR is independently selected from azetidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and triazole. For avoidance of doubt, the nitrogen atom(s) in said groups may be quaternized as defined herein.
Preferably, each RR is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —R20, —R7—OR20; —R7—NR20R21; and —R7—N+R20R21R22. More preferably each RR is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —R20; —R7—NR20R21; and —R7—N+R20R21R22. Yet more preferably each RR is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two —R20 groups.
Accordingly, therefore, in this form, each R6 is preferably independently selected from: —R6aRA, —O—R6aRA, —NR20—R6aRA, —R6bRB, —O—R6bRB, —NR20—R6bRB, —RXRR,
—O—RXRR, —O—RX—C(O)—RR, and —RX—C(O)—RR, wherein:
More preferably, in this form, each R6 is independently selected from: —O—R6aRA, —O—R6bRB, —O—RXRR, and —O—RX—C(O)—RR, wherein:
In a second form of this aspect, each R6 is preferably independently selected from: —CN; —C(O)NR20R21; —C(O)NR21—RXRB; —C(O)NR40R41; —SO2R20; —SO2NR20R21; and —SO2NR40R41. More preferably, each R6 is independently selected from: —C(O)NR20R21; —C(O)NR21—RXRB; —C(O)NR40R41; and —SO2NR40R41. Yet more preferably each R6 is independently selected from —SO2NR40R41 and —C(O)NR40R41. Most preferably, each R6 is independently a C(O)NR20R21 group.
In this form, each RX is preferably an R6a group. Each R6a is preferably independently a C1 to C4 alkylene group and is independently unsubstituted or is substituted by one group selected from —OH, halogen; —NR20R21; —N+R20R21R22; and unsubstituted methoxy. Most preferably, each R6a is independently an unsubstituted C1 to C4 alkylene group; preferably an unsubstituted C1 to C3 alkylene group.
In this form, RB is preferably selected from —NR20R21; —N+R20R21R22; —NR20NR21R22; and —NR20N+R21R22R23. More preferably, RB is selected from —NR20R21; and —N+R20R21R22.
In this form, each R40 and R41 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, preferably independently form a 4- to 6-membered heterocyclic group, e.g. a 4- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, wherein any nitrogen atom in the ring is independently selected from secondary, tertiary and quaternary nitrogen atoms. Most preferably, each ring formed by —NR40R41 if present is independently selected from azetidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and triazole. For avoidance of doubt, the nitrogen atom(s) in said groups may be quaternized as defined herein.
Preferably, each ring formed by —NR40R41 is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one, two or three groups independently selected from —R20, —R7—OR20; —R7—NR20R21; and —R7—N+R20R21R22. More preferably, each ring formed by NR40R41 is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —R20; —R7—NR20R21; and —R7—N+R20R21R22. Most preferably, each ring formed by NR40R41 is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or two groups independently selected from —R20 and —R7—NR20R21.
Accordingly, therefore, in this form, each R6 is preferably independently selected from: —CN; —C(O)NR20R21; —C(O)NR21—RXRB; —C(O)NR40R41; —SO2R20; —SO2NR20R21; and —SO2NR40R41; wherein:
More preferably, in this form, each R6 is independently selected from: —CN; —C(O)NR20R21; —C(O)NR21—RXRB; —C(O)NR40R41; —SO2R20; —SO2NR20R21; and —SO2NR40R41; wherein:
In this aspect, preferred compounds of Formula (I) are thus those in which
In still more particularly compounds of this aspect:
Preferably, therefore, in this aspect:
Preferably, in this aspect, R7 is selected from a bond and unsubstituted C1 alkylene; more preferably R7 is a bond. R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are preferably each independently selected from H and C1 to C2 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one OMe group. More preferably, R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are each independently selected from H and unsubstituted C1 to C2 alkyl; most preferably R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are each independently selected from H and methyl. Each R30 is preferably independently C2 or C3 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one OMe group. More preferably, each R30 is independently C2 alkyl which is unsubstituted or is substituted with one OMe group. Most preferably, each R30 is independently unsubstituted C2 alkyl.
More preferably, therefore, in this aspect:
The moiety {circle around (A)}-(G)m is
Preferred compounds of this aspect include: 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)methoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[diethyl(methyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl-ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl-ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]morpholine-4-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-[(trimethylammonio)methyl]morpholine-4-carbonyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(trimethylammonio)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)methoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[[4-(dimethylamino)-1-piperidyl]sulfonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; and 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[[4-(trimethylammonio)-1-piperidyl]sulfonyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
More preferred compounds of this aspect are selected from: 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[diethyl(methyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl-ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl-ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)methoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Still more preferred compounds according to this aspect are selected from: 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(2-morpholinoethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methyl-ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)methoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[3-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[5-[3-[2-hydroxyethyl(dimethyl)ammonio]propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In preferred compounds of Formula (I), therefore,
Preferably, the compound of Formula (I) is other than:
Particularly preferred compounds of Formula (I) thus include:
Various synthetic routes can be used to product the compounds of Formula (I) described herein. Some exemplary routes are set out below:
The compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by any suitable method. For example, as described in more detail below, deprotonation of commercially available ethyl esters (1) with strong base (such as sodium hexamethyldisilazide) then alkylation of the anion with tert-butyl bromoacetates gives diester (2) (Bell, I. M. and Stump, C. A., WO2006/29153; Robinson, R. P. et al, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1996, 1719). Basic hydrolysis of the ethyl ester in the presence of the tert-butyl ester gives (3). Amide formation with a suitable 2-aminomethyl benzothiazole followed by treatment with TFA to remove the tert-butyl ester then affords the desired acids. For compounds of Formula (I) in which ring (A) is other than benzothiazole, corresponding amino-functionalised reagents can be used. Examples of suitable protocols for formation of amino-methyl benzothiazoles (4) are provided below. For example, substituents G (specifically R5 and R6) can be introduced by derivatization of commercially available halo-substituted thiazoles (e.g. by halo displacement) or OH-substituted thiazoles (e.g. by alkylation at the hydroxy position). The acids can be converted to esters (R1═OR1a) or other prodrug forms (R1═OCH2OC(O)R1a) by techniques known to the skilled person.
There are numerous ways of accessing hydroxamic acids (for a review see Ganeshpurkar, A., et al, Current Organic Syntheses, 2018, 15, 154-165) but a very reliable procedure is to couple acids with O-(oxan-2-yl)hydroxylamine using peptide coupling conditions to give protected hydroxamates then deprotect with TFA to generate the hydroxamic acids (see for example Ding, C., et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 2017, 25, 27-37).
Some methods that are specifically suitable for synthesising compounds of Formula (I) include the following.
Lactone (2) is commercially available from suppliers such as Enamine and is also readily prepared from cyclisation of the corresponding commercially-available diacid with acetyl chloride (Bell, I. M. and Stump, C. A., WO 2006/29153). Reaction of (2) with amines gives a regioisomeric mixture of major isomer (3) and minor isomer (1) which are separable by standard column chromatography.
Lactone (2) can be reacted with alcohols ROH to give a regioisomeric mixture of major isomer (4) and minor isomer (5) which are separable by standard column chromatography or recrystallization. Suitable alcohols are benzyl alcohol or 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol.
Amide formation can be performed on pure acid (4) by standard amide coupling methods to give (6) followed by ester removal for example by hydrogenation (for benzyl ester) or trifluoroacetic acid treatment (for 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ester) then gives amide (1).
Deprotonation of commercially available ethyl ester (7) with strong base (such as sodium hexamethyldisilazide) then alkylation of the anion with tert-butyl bromoacetate gives known diester (8) (Bell, I. M. and Stump, C. A., WO2006/29153; Robinson, R. P. et al, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1996, 1719). Basic hydrolysis of the ethyl ester in the presence of the tert-butyl ester gives (4) where R=tert-butyl. Amide formation and treatment with TFA to remove the tert-butyl ester then affords the desired acid (1).
Palladium catalysed cyclisation of commercial aniline (9) with Boc-protected thioamide glycine derivative followed by Boc deprotection affords primary amine (11) Amide formation and treatment with TFA to remove the tert-butyl ester then affords the desired acid (13).
Note that this method has been used to prepare 5- and 6- substituted benzothiazole compounds.
Intermediate (14) is obtained following Method D starting with 5-bromo-2-iodo-aniline (or 4-bromo-2-iodo-aniline for 6-substituted benzothiazole). Sonogashira, Stille or Suzuki coupling reactions afford (15), (17) and (18) which after treatment with TFA and removal of the tert-butyl ester give the corresponding carboxylic acids (16), (18) and (20).
Note that this method has been used to prepare 5- and 6- substituted benzothiazole compounds. Boronic acid (22) is obtained through the formation of the boronate ester analogue of intermediate (14) followed by hydrolysis. Chan-Lam coupling with primary or secondary amine and treatment with TFA then affords the desired carboxylic acids (24).
Note that this method has been used to prepare 5- and 6- substituted benzothiazole compounds. This alternative method is based on the introduction of substituents in 5- or 6- position of the benzothiazole before the peptide coupling step. Intermediate (25) is obtained following method D above starting with 5-bromo-2-iodo-aniline (or 4-bromo-2-iodo-aniline for 6-substituted benzothiazole). Sonogashira, Buchwald or Suzuki coupling reactions afford (26), (27) and (28) respectively. Removal of the Boc protection with TFA affords the primary amines (29), (30) and (31) which lead to carboxylic acids (33), (34) and (35) following method D.
Note that this method has been used to prepare 5- and 6- substituted benzothiazole compounds. 5-substituted benzothiazoles (37) are obtained after Buchwald coupling on 5-bromo benzothiazole carboxylic acid intermediate (36) which is obtained after treatment with TFA and removal of the tert-butyl ester of (14).
As explained herein, the present invention provides a combination comprising (i) a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein; and (ii) one or more CFTR modulator. Typically, the CFTR used in the invention is selected from CFTR potentiators, CFTR correctors and CFTR amplifiers.
CFTR potentiators preferentially stabilise the CFTR channel in the open form in order to facilitate ion channel movement through the CFTR protein. Examples of CFTR potentiators suitable for use in the invention include ivacaftor (Vertex Pharmaceuticals); PTI-808 (dirocaftor, Proteostasis Therapeutics); QBW251 (Novartis Pharmaceuticals); VX-561/CTP-656 (deuterated ivacaftor, Vertex Pharmaceuticals); and GLPG1837, GLPG2451, GLPG3067 (all Galapogos NV/AbbVie). CFTR correctors typically promote wild-type-like folding of the mutant CFTR protein thereby promoting cellular transport to the cell membrane. Examples of CFTR correctors suitable for use in the invention include lumacaftor (Vertex Pharmaceuticals); tezacaftor (Vertex Pharmaceuticals); VX-445 (elexacaftor), VX-152, VX-121, VX-440 (all Vertex Pharmaceuticals); GLPL2222, GLPG (2737) (both Galapogos NV/AbbVie); FDL169 (Flatley Discovery Lab), and PTI-801 (Proteostasis Therapeutics). CFTR amplifiers typically increase cellular levels of CFTR mRNA leading to increased protein expression. An example of a CFTR amplifier suitable for use in the invention is PTI-428 (Proteostasis Therapeutics). Other CFTR modulators suitable for use in the invention include QR-010 (ProQR Therapeutics), MRT5005 (Translate Bio), and ELX-02 (Eloxx Pharmaceuticals).
Preferably, in the invention, the one or more CFTR modulator(s) are selected from ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor, elexacaftor, VX659, VX152 and VX-440 and combinations thereof.
Combinations of the above CFTR modulators are within the scope of the invention. The combination of the invention may comprise a combination of any of the above CFTR modulators. For example, the combination may comprise one or more CFTR potentiator(s) and one or more CFTR corrector(s). Preferred combinations of CFTR modulators include elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (“Trikafta”), lumacaftor/ivacaftor (“Orkambi”) and tezacaftor/ivacaftor (“Symdeko”).
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition, the pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein, (ii) one or more CFTR modulator as described herein; and (iii) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier or diluent.
Typically, the composition provided herein contains up to 85 wt % of a compound of Formula (I). More typically, it contains up to 50 wt % of a compound of Formula (I). Sometimes, the composition provided herein contains a total of up to 85 wt % of the compound of Formula (I) and the one or more CFTR modulator(s). Sometimes, the composition provided herein contains a total of up to 50 wt % of the compound of Formula (I) and the one or more CFTR modulator(s).
Preferred pharmaceutical compositions are sterile and pyrogen free. Further, when the pharmaceutical compositions provided by the invention contain a compound of Formula (I) which is optically active, the compound of Formula (I) is typically a substantially pure optical isomer. For the avoidance of doubt, the agent may comprise a compound of Formula (I) in the form of a solvate.
As explained above, the compounds of Formula (I) are useful as inhibitors of LasB, in particular LasB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). The compounds of Formula (I) thus find use in both enhancing the activity of CFTR modulators when used in the treatment of diseases associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, such as cystic fibrosis and COPD, preferably cystic fibrosis; and also in treating or preventing bacterial infection. This dual action is an advantage of the present invention because, as explained above, individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis often also suffer from chronic bacterial infection, such as Pseudomonas (e.g. P. aeruginosa) infection.
Accordingly, a combination or pharmaceutical composition of the invention may therefore further comprise an antibiotic agent. This can be beneficial in fighting a bacterial infection thus reducing the extent of LasB expression and CFTR degradation. Preferably, the antibiotic agent is efficacious against Pseudomonas infection. When an antibiotic agent is present, the antibiotic agent is preferably selected from tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, colistin, aztreonam, azithromycin, levofloxacin and SPR206 (Spero Therapeutics). More preferably, the antibiotic is tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin, piperacillin, tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, colistin, aztreonam, levofloxacin or SPR206 (Spero Therapeutics). Meropenem is particularly preferred.
The invention also provides a product containing (i) a compound which is an indane of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) one or more CFTR modulator, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, such as cystic fibrosis. The product may further comprise an antibiotic agent, for example an antibiotic agent as defined herein.
The compound of Formula (I) and the one or more CFTR modulator(s), and the antibiotic agent if present, may be provided in a single formulation, or they may be separately formulated. For example, the compound of Formula (I) may be formulated with one or more CFTR modulators and an antibiotic agent if present may be present in a separate formulation. Alternatively, the compound of Formula (I) may be formulated with an antibiotic agent if present and the one or more CFTR modulators may be present in a separate formulation. Where separately formulated, the agents may be administered simultaneously or separately.
The combination or composition of the invention may be provided as a kit comprising instructions to enable the kit to be used in the methods described herein and/or details regarding which subjects the method may be used for. The kit may for example comprise separate containers comprising (i) a compound of Formula (I) and (ii) one or more CFTR modulators, respectively. If an antibiotic is present in the kit, it may be provided in a separate container, or in the same container as the compound of Formula (I) and/or the CFTR modulator(s).
The combination or composition provided herein may be administered in a variety of dosage forms.
Thus, they can be administered orally, for example as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules. They may also be administered parenterally, whether subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intrasternally, transdermally or by infusion techniques. The combination or composition may also be administered as a suppository.
Preferably, the combination or composition may be administered via inhaled (aerosolised) or intravenous administration, most preferably by inhaled (aerosolised) administration.
The combination or composition is typically formulated for administration with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. For example, solid oral forms may contain, together with the active compound, diluents, e.g. lactose, dextrose, saccharose, cellulose, corn starch or potato starch; lubricants, e.g. silica, talc, stearic acid, magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycols; binding agents; e.g. starches, arabic gums, gelatin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; disaggregating agents, e.g. starch, alginic acid, alginates or sodium starch glycolate; effervescing mixtures; dyestuffs; sweeteners; wetting agents, such as lecithin, polysorbates, laurylsulphates; and, in general, non toxic and pharmacologically inactive substances used in pharmaceutical formulations. Such pharmaceutical preparations may be manufactured in known manner, for example, by means of mixing, granulating, tableting, sugar coating, or film coating processes.
The combination or composition may be formulated for inhaled (aerosolised) administration as a solution or suspension. The combination or composition may be administered by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) or a nebulizer such as an electronic or jet nebulizer. Alternatively, the combination or composition may be formulated for inhaled administration as a powdered drug, such formulations may be administered from a dry powder inhaler (DPI). When formulated for inhaled administration, the combination or composition may be delivered in the form of particles which have a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of from 1 to 100 μm, preferably from 1 to 50 μm, more preferably from 1 to 20 μm such as from 3 to 10 μm, e.g. from 4 to 6 μm. When the combination or composition is delivered as a nebulized aerosol, the reference to particle diameters defines the MMAD of the droplets of the aerosol. The MMAD can be measured by any suitable technique such as laser diffraction.
Liquid dispersions for oral administration may be syrups, emulsions and suspensions. The syrups may contain as carriers, for example, saccharose or saccharose with glycerine and/or mannitol and/or sorbitol.
Suspensions and emulsions may contain as carrier, for example a natural gum, agar, sodium alginate, pectin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol. The suspension or solutions for intramuscular injections or inhalation may contain, together with the active compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g. sterile water, olive oil, ethyl oleate, glycols, e.g. propylene glycol, and if desired, a suitable amount of lidocaine hydrochloride.
Solutions for inhalation, injection or infusion may contain as carrier, for example, sterile water or preferably they may be in the form of sterile, aqueous, isotonic saline solutions. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for delivery by needleless injection, for example, transdermally, may also be used.
It will be appreciated that when the compound of Formula (I) is not formulated together with the one or more CFTR modulator(s), the compound of Formula (I) may be administered by a different administration route to the one or more CFTR modulator(s). When an antibiotic agent is also present, it may likewise be administered by the same or a different administration route to the one or more CFTR modulator(s) and/or the compound of Formula (I). Accordingly, the compound of Formula (I), the one or more CFTR modulator(s) and the antibiotic agent if present may be provided in the same or different dosage forms.
The combinations and compositions provided herein are therapeutically useful. The present invention therefore provides combinations and compositions as described herein, for use in medicine. The present invention provides combinations and compositions as described herein, for use in treating the human or animal body.
The combinations and compositions provided herein are useful in treating diseases associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function. Diseases suitable for treating with the combinations and compositions provided herein include cystic fibrosis and COPD, particularly cystic fibrosis.
In this regard, it has recently been shown by Saint Criq et al (Thorax 2018; 73:49-61, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference) that secretomes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa can degrade CFTR function, but that this can be ameliorated by trappin-2 and/or IL-6 overexpression. The wild-type (WT) Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 secretome contains LasB.
When secretomes (SEC) from PAO1 WT and ΔLasB strains were used to treat CFTR-expressing cell lines, PAO1-SEC but not ΔLasB-SEC led to decreased measured CFTR. ΔLasB-SEC was also shown to induce IL-6 and IL-8 production compared to IL-1β alone, whereas WT-SEC abolished trappin-2 and IL-6 secretion without effect on IL-8. This downregulation of trappin-2 and IL-6 was prevented by phosphoramidon. IL-6 was separately shown to upregulate trappin-2 secretion. In vivo experiments showed that whilst LasB led to increased mortality in mice, induced overexpression of IL-6 had a protective effect, as did overexpression of trappin-2. The inventors have recognised in view of this activity that CFTR-correction therapies will be hampered by LasB, and have developed the combinations and compositions of the invention accordingly to counter this issue.
Accordingly, the invention provides combinations and compositions as described herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject in need thereof. Also provided is a method of treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject in need thereof, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a combination or composition as described herein. Further provided is the use of a combination or composition as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject.
The invention also provides a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, said use comprising administering said compound in combination with a CFTR modulator to said subject. The invention also provides the use of a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject by co-administering the compound together with one or more CFTR modulator. Preferably, the one or more CFTR modulator is as described herein.
Further provided is a CFTR modulator, such as a CFTR modulator described herein, for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject, said use comprising administering said CFTR modulator in combination with a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein. Also provided is the use of a CFTR modulator, such as a CFTR modulator described herein, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject by co-administering the CFTR modulator with a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein.
Still further provided is a method of treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject in need thereof, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein and an effective amount of one or more CFTR modulators, preferably one or more CFTR modulators described herein.
The compounds, compositions and combinations described herein find particular therapeutic use in treating cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, particularly cystic fibrosis. Any genotype of cystic fibrosis may be addressed with the therapies provided herein. A subject may have any of the six classes of CFTR mutation. Such classes include: class 1A (mutations which prevent CFTR mRNA from being synthesized, e.g. Dele2,3(21 kB) and 1717-1G→A; class 1B (mutations which prevent CFTR mRNA from forming CFTR protein, e.g. Gly542X and Trp1282X); class 2 (causing CFTR protein misfolding and failed transport to the cell membrane, e.g. F508del, N1303K and A561E); class 3 (gating defect mutations, e.g. G551D, S549R and G1349D); class 4 (decreased conductance mutations, e.g. R117H, R334W and A455E); class 5 (alternative splicing mutations, e.g. 3272-26A4G); and class 6 (instability mutations, such as c.120del123 and rPhe580del). Common CFTR mutations include F508del; G178R, G1244E, S549R, G551D, G1349D, S1251N, G551S, S549N, S1255P, A455E, E193K, R117C, A1067T, F1052V, R347H, D110E, F1074L, R352Q, D110H, G1069R, R1070Q, D579G, K1060T, R1070W, D1152H, L206W, S945L, D1270N, P67L, S977F, E56K, R74W, E831X and R117H.
Sometimes, the subject is a smoker. Sometimes, the subject has been exposed to cigarette smoke or other environmental pollution. Sometimes, the subject is a CFTR-sufficient smoker. Such subjects are particularly suited to treatment in accordance with the invention when the a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function is COPD.
Because the compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors of LasB, in particular LasB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), the compositions and combinations provided herein may also be used in treating bacterial infection in a subject. Accordingly, the invention also provides a combination or composition as described herein for use in a method of treating or preventing bacterial infection, optionally by co-administration with an antibiotic agent. Also provided is a method for treating or preventing bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a composition or combination described herein and optionally an antibiotic agent. Also provided is the use of a composition or combination as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for use in treating or preventing bacterial infection, optionally by co-administration with an antibiotic agent.
The bacterium causing the infection may be any bacterium expressing LasB or an analogue thereof. Typically the bacterium causing the infection expresses LasB. The bacterium may, for instance, be any bacterium that can form a biofilm. In a preferred instance the bacterium is Gram-negative. The bacterium may in particular be a pathogenic bacterium. The bacterial infection may be caused by Pseudomonas or Actinetobacter. For example, the bacterium may be one selected from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Actinetobater bauminii.
Preferably the bacterium is a Pseudomonas, particularly where the condition to be treated is pneumonia, and most preferably, the bacterium is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).
As will be appreciated, when used to treat bacterial infection, the combinations and compositions provided herein are particularly useful when the subject suffers from cystic fibrosis.
As well as finding utility in treating cystic fibrosis, the compositions and combination provided herein may be used to treat or prevent infections and conditions caused by any one or a combination of the above-mentioned bacteria. In particular, the compound or combination of the invention may be used in the treatment or prevention of pneumonia. The compound or combination may also be used in the treatment of septic shock, urinary tract infection, and infections of the gastrointestinal tract, skin or soft tissue. They may also be used to treat or prevent inflammation in a subject. Without being bound by theory, such utility is believed to arise from the activity of the compounds to inhibit the activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1-f (IL-1β), e.g. by inhibiting activity of LasB enzymes (such as PA LasB) to activate IL-1β by hydrolysis of pro-IL-1β at a distinct site from caspase-1. Accordingly, the compositions and combinations described herein are particularly suitable for treating inflammation caused by or associated with IL-1β activation in a subject. The compositions and combinations described herein are especially suitable in treating or preventing respiratory tract inflammation in a subject. The respiratory tract inflammation may be inflammation of any part of the respiratory tract, in particular the lower respiratory tract (e.g. inflammation of the trachea, bronchi or lungs). The combinations and compositions described herein are particularly suited to treating or preventing pulmonary inflammation in a subject. The respiratory tract inflammation (e.g. pulmonary inflammation) is typically caused by a bacterial infection, especially by an infection caused by bacteria which express one or more LasB enzymes or analogs thereof, as described above. In some aspects the respiratory tract inflammation (e.g. pulmonary inflammation) is caused by an infection caused by a bacterium of the family Pseudomonadaceae, such as a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection.
Again, it will apparent that such treatments are particularly suited to subjects suffering from COPD or cystic fibrosis, particularly cystic fibrosis.
In one aspect, the subject is a mammal, in particular a human. However, it may be non-human. Preferred non-human animals include, but are not limited to, primates, such as marmosets or monkeys, commercially farmed animals, such as horses, cows, sheep or pigs, and pets, such as dogs, cats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, ferrets, gerbils or hamsters. The subject can be any animal that is capable of suffering from diseases associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function.
A compound, combination or composition provided herein can be administered to the subject in order to prevent the onset or reoccurrence of one or more symptoms of a condition as described herein. This is prophylaxis. When used to treat a subject with a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function the subject may be asymptomatic. A prophylactically effective amount of the agent or formulation is administered to such a subject. A prophylactically effective amount is an amount which prevents the onset of one or more symptoms of the disease.
A compound, combination or composition provided herein can be administered to the subject in order to treat one or more symptoms of the disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function. In this embodiment, the subject is typically symptomatic. A therapeutically effective amount of the agent or formulation is administered to such a subject. A therapeutically effective amount is an amount effective to ameliorate one or more symptoms of the disorder.
A therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of the compound, combination or composition provided herein is administered to a subject. The dose may be determined according to various parameters, especially according to the compound used; the age, weight and condition of the subject to be treated; the route of administration; and the required regimen. Again, a physician will be able to determine the required route of administration and dosage for any particular subject. A typical daily dose is from about 0.01 to 100 mg per kg, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg, e.g. from about 1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight, according to the activity of the specific agent, the age, weight and conditions of the subject to be treated, the type and severity of the disease and the frequency and route of administration. Preferably, daily dosage levels are from 5 mg to 2 g.
The dosage of the indane of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be the same or different to the dosage of the one or more CFTR modulator. When two or more CFTR modulators are used, the dosage of the two or more CFTR modulators can be the same or different. Each active agent administered to the subject is typically administered in an independently determined amount of from about 0.01 to 100 mg per kg, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg, e.g. from about 1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight, according to the activity of the specific agent, the age, weight and conditions of the subject to be treated, the type and severity of the disease and the frequency and route of administration. Preferably, daily dosage levels are from 5 mg to 2 g.
As explained herein, the present inventors have found that inhibitors of LasB prevent the LasB-mediated degradation of CFTR. Accordingly, such inhibitors, e.g. compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can be used to improve the efficacy of therapies intended to restore CFTR function at the genetic level. At present, such therapies are limited not least by the fact that even restored CFTR protein remains susceptible to LasB-mediated degradation. Without being bound by theory, the inventors understand that by inhibiting the activity of LasB to degrade CFTR or to downregulate its expression, genetic therapies intended to restore a WT-like level of CFTR function in an individual can be improved.
Accordingly, the invention provides a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein for use in treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject receiving a genetic therapy for said disease. The invention also provides a method of treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject receiving a genetic therapy for said disease, said method comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Further provided is the use of a compound which is an indane according to Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease associated with CFTR downregulation or decreased CFTR function in a subject receiving a genetic therapy for said disease.
Typically, the genetic therapy received by the subject is selected from an integrating gene therapy; a non-integrating gene therapy; and an RNA therapy.
Integrating gene therapies comprise delivering DNA for encoding WT CFTR (or WT-like) to a subject. The DNA becomes integrated in the individual's genome and thus leads to synthesis of the correct CFTR protein thus ameliorating the effect of the native mutant CFTR expression. Integrating genetic therapies for genetic conditions are known in the art, such as CAR-T therapies for leukemia and lymphoma. Non-integrating gene therapies comprise delivering DNA for encoding WT CFTR (or WT-like CFTR) to a subject, but such that the exogenous DNA does not become incorporated into the subject's genome. Non-integrating gene-therapies for CFTR have been described in, for example, Alton, Armstrong, Ashby, et. al. “Repeated nebulization of non-viral CFTR gene therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial”. Lancet. 3(9) P684-691 (2015). RNA therapies for CF comprise administering to individuals suffering from CF mRNA encoding WT (or WT-like) CFTR for translation into functional CFTR. RNA therapies typically do not comprise altering a patient's genome and are thus in some circumstances preferable. mRNA therapies for treating cystic fibrosis include MRT5005 administered in nebulised form as demonstrated in the RESTORE clinical trials described at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03375047.
Typically, therefore, in the invention, said genetic therapy comprises:
Preferably, when the genetic therapy comprises administering DNA to said patient, said DNA is administered as a plasmid containing a gene for expressing CFTR. Said plasmid is preferably attached to or encapsulated in one or more liposomes. For example, said plasmid may be attached to or encapsulated in one or more cationic liposomes.
Preferably, when the genetic therapy comprises administering to said patient a CFTR-encoding mRNA; said mRNA is attached to or encapsulated in one or more nanoparticles.
Preferably, the administration of the DNA and/or mRNA is via inhalation.
The compounds of Formula (I) disclosed herein are synthetically accessible to those skilled in the art.
For example, the detailed synthesis and LasB inhibitory activity of compounds such as 2-(2-{1[(5-chloro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-(3-isoquinolylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-methoxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-(2-{[(1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-{[(5-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[1-(3-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(1-methylindol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-(2-{[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-{[2-(3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(benzylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-bromobenzofuran-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(2-methylbenzofuran-3-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(benzothiophen-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(benzofuran-3-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(1H-indol-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(benzothiophen-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; (2-{[(2S)-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-1,3-dihydroinden-2-yl)acetic acid; (2-{[(1S)-1-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-1,3-dihydroinden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-{[(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (2-{[(1S)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-{[2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-1,3-dihydroinden-2-yl)acetate 2-[2-[[6-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 3-[2-[[[2-(carboxymethyl)indane-2-carbonyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]propyl-trimethyl-ammonium; 2-[2-[[6-[(E)-3-aminoprop-1-enyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(6-piperazin-1-yl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-(tert-butoxy)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (2-(carboxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carbonyl)-L-tyrosine; (2-(carboxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carbonyl)-L-tryptophan; 2-(2-(((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-((thiazol-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-((quinolin-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-(benzofuran-3-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[(1R*)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[(1S*)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-iodobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((4-morpholinobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((6-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(trimethylammonio)azetidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-(2-aminoethylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(2-aminoethyl)azetidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(6-methyl-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-(2-aminoethylamino)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-(3-aminoazetidin-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(trimethylammonio)azetidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethylamino]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-(3-aminocyclobutoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(dimethylamino)cyclobutoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(trimethylammonio)methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(trimethylammonio)methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(trimethylammonio)prop-1-ynyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[(E)-3-aminoprop-1-enyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-(2-(((6-((1r,3r)-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(1r,3r)-3-[(trimethylammonio)methyl]cyclobutyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-(2-(((6-((1s,3s)-3-((dimethylamino)methyl)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(1s,3s)-3-[(trimethylammonio)methyl]cyclobutyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[6-[3-(aminomethyl)azetidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(3-aminoazetidin-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[(3R)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[(3R)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[5-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-([1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzothiazol-6-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-((1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)oxy)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate; (S)-2-(2-((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-(5-(aminomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(2-((1-(5-(2-aminopropan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl)-5,6-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((5-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(2-(((6-methoxy-5-(3-(trimethylammonio)azetidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate; 2-(2-(((5-(3-(dimethylamino)propoxy)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-(5,6-difluoro-2-(((6-methoxy-5-(3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate; 2-(2-(((5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetic acid; 2-[2-(thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[2-(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[(1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[(2-methylisoquinolin-2-ium-3-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(1,1-dimethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[2-(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5,5-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-5-ium-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[[(3R)-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[[(3S)-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; 2-[2-[(5-methylthiazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ium-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate; 2-[2-[(5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid; and 2-[2-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl(methyl)carbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetic acid is described in WO 2018/172423, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The synthesis of further compounds of Formula (I) is as described below.
As described below, there are two synthetic methodologies to synthesize the compounds of the invention.
Deprotonation of commercially available ethyl ester (1) with strong base (such as sodium hexamethyldisilazide) then alkylation of the anion with tert-butyl bromoacetate gives known diester (2) (Bell, I. M. and Stump, C. A., WO2006/29153; Robinson, R. P. et al, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1996, 1719). Basic hydrolysis of the ethyl ester in the presence of the tert-butyl ester gives (3) where R=tert-butyl. Amide formation with a suitable 2-aminomethyl benzothiazole followed by treatment with TFA to remove the tert-butyl ester then affords the desired acids. The acids can be converted to esters (R1═R1a) or other produrug forms (Rt═CH2OC(O)R1a) by techniques known to the skilled person.
This methodology can be adapted to substituents on the indane ring.
For example commercially available diol [4,5-difluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol (4) can be converted into the bis bromomethyl analogue with either HBr (WO2008/151211) or phosphorus tribromide (US2006/223830) which can further be reacted with diethyl malonate to give indane (5). Standard hydrolysis of both esters followed by mono decarboxylation affords the mono acid (WO2006/125511) which can be esterified to give (6), the difluoro analogue of (1). Using the same methodology as applied to (1) then affords key acid (7), the difluoro analogue of intermediate (3). Similar chemistry can be applied to the corresponding analogues having different substituents on the indane ring.
There are numerous ways of accessing hydroxamic acids (for a review see Ganeshpurkar, A., et al, Current Organic Syntheses, 2018, 15, 154-165) but a very reliable procedure is to couple acids (64) with O-(oxan-2-yl)hydroxylamine using peptide coupling conditions to give protected hydroxamates (65) then deprotect with TFA to generate the hydroxamic acids (66), (see for example Ding, C., et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 2017, 25, 27-37).
There are many ways of constructing benzothiazoles (for a review, see Seth, S; “A Comprehensive Review on Recent advances in Synthesis & Pharmacotherapeutic potential of Benzothiazoles”, Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 14, 98-112). However, most methods afford alkyl substitution at the C2-position necessitating further functional group manipulation to access the desired aminomethyl substituent required in this invention. In the 1980's the pioneering work of Takagi and colleagues led to a palladium-catalysed method of directly producing functionalised methyl groups (see Eq. 1, Scheme 2; Takagi, K. et al, Chemistry Letters, 1987, 16, 839-840). This chemistry was recently rediscovered by Mutabilis scientists who adapted the methodology to introduce a protected aminomethyl group into the benzothiazole core (8), (see Eq. 2, Scheme 2; Desroy, N., et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013, 56, 1418-1430). Application of this methodology accesses the protected 2-aminomethyl benzothiazoles of this invention.
In many cases the desired substituent pattern on the phenyl ring can be established prior to benzothiazole formation using standard functional group transformations. In certain cases it is preferred to perform functional group transformations after benzothiazole formation.
For instance, in order to access a phenolic intermediate on the benzothiazole, one method (Scheme 4) is to construct the benzothiazole with a bromo substituent (9) then displace the bromide using bis(pinacolato)diboron and catalytic Pd(dppf)Cl2·CH2Cl2, affording the boronic ester (10) after aqueous workup (for a related example see Malinger, A. et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2016, 59, 1078-1101). Oxidation of the boronic ester to the phenol (11) can be accomplished with hydrogen peroxide (see Liu, J. et al, Tetrahedron Letters, 2017, 58, 1470-1473.) Further derivatisation of the phenol group can be achieved by standard alkylation reactions familiar to those skilled in the art.
As an example of this approach, alkylation of phenol (11) with 1,3-dibromopropane, removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group and coupling with acid (3) can generate the bromopropyloxy intermediate (12). Reaction with a tertiary amine such as trimethylamine then generates the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt (13) and finally removal of the tert-butyl ester reveals the carboxylate acid, generating zwitterionic (14) containing both a positive and a negative charge.
The ester (15) is subjected to the benzothiazole ring formation procedure during which hydrolysis of the ester also occurs, delivering benzothiazole acid (16). Standard amide formation with amines such as ammonia and pyrrolidine then accesses amides (17).
To access the analogous sulphonamides, different methodology is required. Reaction of o-fluoronitrobenzene (18) with sodium sulphite (see Sisodia, S., et al, Can. J. Chem., 1980, 58, 714-715) results in the sodium salt of the aryl sulfonic acid (19). This can be activated with standard activating agents (see Ashfaq, M., Mini-Reviews in Org. Chem., 2013, 10, 160-170) such as thionyl chloride or phosphoryl chloride to generate the arylsulfonyl chloride (20). Coupling with amines then afford sulphonamides (21). Reduction of the nitro to aniline (22) (for a recent review see Orlandi, M., et al, Organic Process Research and Development, 2018, 22, 430-445) then sets up the precursor for benzothiazole formation, accessing (23).
The final stages of the syntheses generally involve acid-catalysed removal of the BOC group from (8) to reveal the free amines (24) followed by coupling with acids of type (3), usually with the standard peptide coupling reagent HATU (for a comprehensive review of the myriad available peptide coupling reagents, see Valeur, E. and Bradley, M, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 28, 606-631). Finally further acid treatment with TFA removes the t-butyl ester to afford the Examples of the invention.
It is understood that these synthetic routes are not exclusive and functional group interconversion is possible at the phenyl precursor stage, the protected aminomethyl benzothiazole stage and the post-coupling amide stage.
1H NMR spectra are reported at 300, 400 or 500 MHz in DMSO-d6 solutions (δ in ppm), using DMSO-d5 as reference standard (2.50 ppm), or CDCl3 solutions using chloroform as the reference standard (7.26 ppm). When peak multiplicities are reported, the following abbreviations are used: s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), m (multiplet), bs (broadened singlet), bd (broadened doublet), dd (doublet of doublets), dt (doublet of triplets), q (quartet). Coupling constants, when given, are reported in hertz (Hz).
The term “purified by prep hplc (MDAP)” refers compound purification using a mass-directed auto purification system on an Agilent 1260 infinity machine with an XSelect CHS Prep C18 column, eluting with 0.1% FA in water/ACN and detection with a Quadrupole LC/MS.
A solution of ethyl 2-aminobenzoate (1.1 g, 3.0 mmol) in toluene (75 mL) was treated with acetic acid (0.34 mL, 3.0 mmol) and N-iodosuccinimide (0.68 g, 3.0 mmol). After 70h the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting 0-10% ethyl acetate in toluene affording a red oil that solidified on standing (0.26 g, 29%). M/z 292.5 (M+H)+.
A solution of ethyl 2-amino-3-iodobenzoate (147 mg, 0.5 mmol) in ACN (2 mL) was treated with tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl)carbamate (115 mg, 0.61 mmol), calcium oxide (42 mg, 0.76 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (92 mg, 0.1 mmol) and dppf (224 mg, 0.4 mmol). The flask was evacuated and refilled with nitrogen twice. The mixture was heated at 60° C. in a sealed vial for 1.5h then cooled and partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous citric acid solution. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-15% methanol in DCM affording an oil (151 mg, 97%). M/z 331.4 (M+Na)+.
A solution of the above 2-({[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-1,3-benzothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (170 mg) in DMF (2 mL) was treated with ammonium chloride (54 mg, 1 mmol), DIPEA (0.35 mL, 2 mmol) and HATU (0.29 g, 2 mmol). After 0.5h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 30-100%% ethyl acetate in hexane affording a brown oil (151 mg, 100%). M/z 330.5 (M+Na)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-[(4-carbamoyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (76 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (0.8 mL). After 1.25h toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. The residue was treated with a further portion of toluene and evaporated. The residue was added to an SCX cartridge, eluting with methanol then 2M ammonia in methanol affording a pale brown solid (18 mg, 33%). M/z 230.5 (M+Na)+.
To a stirred solution of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (20 g, 123 mmol) in methanol (200 mL) was added con. H2SO4 (10 mL, 185 mmol) drop wise at room temperature and stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to get residue. The residue was dissolved in water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The organic layer was washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate, brine and evaporated affording a light brown liquid (20 g, 92%). M/z 177.1 (M+H)+.
To a solution of methyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (5 g, 28.3 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added NaHMDS (21 mL, 42.5 mmol, 2M in THF) at −78° C. under argon and stirred at −78° C. for 1 h. Then tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate solution (6.4 mL, 42.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added drop wise for 15 minutes at −78° C. and stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. ammonium chloride solution (50 mL) at −78° C. and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. The organic layer was separated, aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL), and the combined organic layer was evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was triturated with n-pentane (50 mL) at −78° C. and stirred at same temperature for 15 minutes. The resulting solid was filtered and dried under vacuum affording an off white (3.7 g, 45%). M/z=313.0 (M+Na)+.
To a stirred solution of methyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (430 g, 1.48 mol) in THF (2.15 L) and ethanol (2.15 L) was added 0.5 M LiOH·H2O (6.8 L, 2.96 mol) drop wise at room temperature and stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to get the residue and the residue was diluted with H2O (1 L) and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1N HCl to pH 3-4. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water, n-pentane and dried under vacuum affording a white solid (254.5 g, 62%). M/z 275.2 (M−H)−. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.4 (1H, bs), 7.18-7.10 (4H, m), 3.39 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.92 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.64 (2H, s), 1.37 (9H, s).
A solution of 2-(aminomethyl)-1,3-benzothiazole-4-carboxamide (18 mg, 0.09 mmol), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (26 mg, 0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (34 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was treated with HATU (50 mg, 0.1 mmol). After 0.33 h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous citric acid solution. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 50-100%% ethyl acetate in hexane affording a brown oil (36 mg, 90%). M/z 488.2 (M+Na)+.
A solution of Tert-butyl 2-[2-[(4-carbamoyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (36 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with TFA (0.8 mL). After 1.5h toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. The residue was treated with a further portion of toluene and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-12% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as a white solid (14 mg, 43%). M/z 410.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.20 (1H, bs), 9.20 (1H, bs), 9.00 (1H, bs), 8.30 (1H, d), 8.15 (1H, d), 7.90 (1H, bs), 7.55 (1H, t), 7.25 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 4.75 (2H, d), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.00 (2H, d).
This was prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 with the change that pyrrolidine was used in place of ammonium chloride, giving a white solid (5.0 mg). M/z 464.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.20 (1H, bs), 9.00 (1H, bs), 8.10 (1H, d), 7.45 (2H, m), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.70 (2H, d), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.10 (2H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 1.90 (2H, m), 1.80 (2H, m).
A solution of (commercially available) 1-fluoro-3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene (218 mg, 0.75 mmol) in ethanol (6 mL) was treated with a solution of sodium sulphite (236 mg, 1.9 mmol) in water (5 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 4 h. The cooled mixture was evaporated to dryness and chromatographed on reverse phase silica (C-18 cartridge) eluting with water then methanol affording a white solid (144 mg, 55%). M/z 328.2 (M−Na)−.
A suspension of sodium 3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate (133 mg, 0.38 mmol) in thionyl chloride (1 mL) was treated with DMF (1 drop) and the mixture was heated to reflux for 1.5 h then diluted with toluene and evaporated. The residue was re-dissolved in toluene and re-evaporated a further 3 times affording 3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride as an oil (124 mg, 94%). Half of this sample (62 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (0.5 mL) and added to a solution of pyrrolidine (213 mg, 3 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at 0° C. After the addition the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5h then diluted with toluene and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-5% methanol in DCM affording a colourless solid (65 mg, 96%). M/z 383.3 (M+H)+.
A solution of 1-(3-iodo-2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)pyrrolidine (65 mg, 0.17 mmol) in ethanol (2 mL) was treated with iron powder (50 mg, 0.9 mmol) then acetic acid (200 mg, 3.4 mmol). The mixture was heated to 85° C. for 1.5 h then filtered through celite, washing with isopropanol. The filtrate was evaporated and the residue chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-15% ethyl acetate in toluene affording a colourless oil (46 mg, 73%). M/z 353.3 (M+H)+.
A solution of 2-iodo-6-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)aniline (46 mg, 0.13 mmol) in in ACN (1 mL) was treated with tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl)carbamate (30 mg, 0.16 mmol), calcium oxide (11 mg, 0.2 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (24 mg, 0.03 mmol) and dppf (58 mg, 0.11 mmol). The mixture was heated at 60° C. in a sealed vial for 2 h then cooled, diluted with toluene and filtered through celite. The filtrate was added directly to a silica cartridge (10 g) and chromatographed eluting with 0-50% ethyl acetate in toluene affording an oil (33 mg, 64%). M/z 420.2 (M+Na)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-{[4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate (33 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with TFA (0.5 mL). After 2 h, toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. The residue was treated with a further portion of toluene and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in methanol:DCM (1:1) and loaded onto an SCX cartridge (10 g) and chromatographed eluting with 1M ammonia/methanol. Product-containing fractions were combined and evaporated and the residue further chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-6% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a brown oil (17 mg, 68%). M/z 298.4 (M+H)+.
A solution of [4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methanamine (18 mg, 0.06 mmol), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.07 mmol) and DIPEA (23 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was treated with HATU (34 mg, 0.9 mmol). After 0.5 h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous citric acid solution. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 30-60% ethyl acetate in hexane affording a brown oil (33 mg, 100%). M/z 578.3 (M+Na)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (33 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with TFA (0.8 mL). After 1.75 h toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. The residue was treated with a further portion of toluene and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-10% methanol in DCM to afford the title compound as a white solid (19 mg, 62%). M/z 500.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.30 (1H, bs), 9.00 (1H, bs), 8.40 (1H, d), 7.95 (1H, d), 7.58 (1H, t), 7.23 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 4.70 (2H, d), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.40 (4H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 1.7-1.6 (4H, m).
This was prepared by the same methodology as Example 3 with the exception that ammonium chloride (source of ammonia) was used instead of pyrrolidine in the sulphonamide formation step with 3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (15 mg). M/z 446.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.00 (1H, bs), 8.30 (1H, d), 7.92 (1H, d), 7.55 (1H, t), 7.30 (2H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.80 (2H, d), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.00 (2H, d).
This was prepared by the same methodology as Example 3 with the exception that benzyl piperazine-1-carboxylate was used instead of pyrrolidine in the sulphonamide formation step with 3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride and removal of the benzyl carbamate protecting group necessitated a reaction time of 55 h at room temperature in neat TFA. The title compound was isolated after purification as a white solid (9 mg). M/z 515.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 10.00 (1H, bs), 8.40 (1H, d), 7.95 (1H, d), 7.60 (1H, t), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.75 (2H, d), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.20 (2H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 2.80 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, m).
This was prepared by the same methodology as Example 3 with the exception that (R, S)-benzyl N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl) carbamate was used instead of pyrrolidine in the sulphonamide formation step with 3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride and removal of the benzyl carbamate protecting group necessitated a reaction time of 48 h at room temperature in neat TFA. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (14 mg). M/z 515.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 11.00 (1H, bs), 8.40 (1H, d), 8.00 (1H, d), 7.60 (1H, t), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 4.75 (2H, m), 4.00 (1H, t), 3.60-3.20 (6H, m), 3.00-2.85 (2H, m), 1.95 (1H, m), 1.70 (1H, m).
A solution of 2-fluoro-3-iodo-2-nitrobenzene (200 mg, 0.75 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was treated portionwise with sodium thiomethoxide then 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane) (20 mg) was added. After 7 h, the mixture was diluted with DCM (6 mL) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (672 mg, 3 mmol) was added. After 16h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% aqueous sodium metabisulfite solution. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-100% ethyl acetate in toluene affording a white solid (227 mg). This was further purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 0-2% methanol in chloroform affording a colourless solid (92 mg, 38%). M/z 246.3 (M+H)+.
This was prepared from 1-iodo-3-methanesulfonyl-2-nitrobenzene by the same reaction sequence as described for Example (3c) onwards, affording the title compound as a white solid (34 mg). M/z 445.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 12.20 (1H, bs), 8.90 (1H, bs), 8.45 (1H, d), 8.00 (1H, d), 7.62 (1H, t), 7.22 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 4.75 (2H, d), 3.52 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.00 (2H, d).
To a stirred solution of 5-methoxy-2-nitroaniline (100 g, 595 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.5 L) was added NBS (106 g, 595 mmol) portion wise at room temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and added TFA (46 mL, 595 mmol) drop wise for 30 minutes and allowed to stir at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (1 L) and adjusted the pH to ˜ 8 with 1N NaOH. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water (500 mL) and dried under vacuum affording a yellow solid. (105 g, 72%). M/z 247 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-nitroaniline (50 g, 203 mmol) in acetonitrile (750 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (24 mL, 457 mmol) drop wise at −10° C. Then NaNO2 (28 g, 406 mmol) in water (175 mL) was added drop wise at −10° C. for 15 minutes and stirred at same temperature for 30 min. After that KI solution (135 g, 813 mmol) in water (175 mL) was added drop wise at −10° C. for 20 minutes and stirred at same temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with sodium metabisulphite solution (309 g, 1.62 mmol) in water (1.6 L) at -10° C. to 0° C. for 1 h. Then water (1 L) was added and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water (1 L) and dried under vacuum affording a yellow solid. (60 g, 82%). M/z 357.8 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 1-bromo-4-iodo-2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzene (106 g, 296 mmol) in EtOH: H2O (800 mL: 200 mL) was added Fe (49.7 g, 890 mmol), NH4Cl (80 g, 1.48 mmol) at room temperature and stirred at 90° C. for 2 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 60° C., added additional amount of Fe (33 g, 593 mmol), NH4Cl (80 g 1.48 mmol) and stirred at 90° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad, washed the pad with methanol (1 L) and filtrate was concentrated to give residue. The residue was diluted with cold water (1 L) and adjusted the pH to ˜8 with 1N NaOH. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum affording a light brown solid (90 g, 92%). M/z 327.8 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-iodo-4-methoxyaniline (50 g, 152 mmol) in acetonitrile (560 mL) was added tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl) carbamate (35 g, 183 mmol), CaO (17 g, 305 mmol) and degassed with argon for 20 minutes. Then Pd2(dba)3 (14 g, 15.2 mmol), dppf (25.4 g, 15.8 mmol) was added and purged with argon for further 5 minutes and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (300 mL). The filtrate was washed with water and evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was dissolved in acetonitrile (200 mL), on standing for 1 h solid was precipitated out. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with acetonitrile (50 mL) and dried under vacuum affording an off white solid (34 g, 60%). M/z 372.9 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((5-bromo-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (5 g, 13.44 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was added BPin (6.8 g, 26.8 mmol), KOAc (4.6 g, 47.0 mmol) and purged with argon for 15 minutes. Then Pd2Cl2(dppf). DCM (1.1 g, 1.34 mmol) was added and purged with argon for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was washed with water, brine and evaporated affording a white solid (12 g, crude). M/z 339 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-[[6-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]carbamate (12 g, 35.5 mmol) in THF (180 mL) was added 1N NaOH (35 mL, 35.5 mmol), 30% H2O2 (6.2 mL 81.6 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred at same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was separated washed with water, brine and evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was chromatographed on silica eluting with 30% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording an off white solid. (2.5 g 54%). M/z 311.0 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (1H, s), 5.76 (1H, s), 5.30 (1H, s), 4.68 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 1.54 (9H, s). M/z 311.0 (M+H)+.
A mixture of tert-butyl N-[(5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (310 mg, 1 mmol), (commercially-available) 1-(2-chloroacetyl)-4-methyl-piperazine hydrochloride (234 mg, 1.1 mmol) and caesium carbonate (980 mg, 3 mmol) in ACN (3 mL) was stirred for 18h then partitioned between DCM and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and then the organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-10% 7M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a white solid (268 mg, 59%). M/z 451.6 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-({6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamate (265 mg, 0.6 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (1.4 mL). After 1 h the mixture was added to an SCX-2 cartridge, pre-washed with methanol. This was washed with methanol then eluted to 7M ammonia/methanol. This latter fraction was evaporated to give an orange foam (195 mg, 95%). M/z 351.6 (M+H)+.
A solution of 2-{[2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one (151 mg, 0.55 mmol), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (192 mg, 0.55 mmol) and triethylamine (0.23 mL, 166 mg, 0.66 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with HATU (250 mg, 0.66 mmol). After 2 h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-10% 7M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording an off-white solid (209 mg, 63%). M/z 609.7 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (206 mg, 0.33 mol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with water (0.2 mL) then TFA (1.6 mL). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated. Toluene was added and the mixture re-evaporated. The residue was subjected to MDAP purification followed by freeze-drying of product-containing fractions to afford the title compound as white solid (108 mg, 58%). M/z 553.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.80 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.40 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m) 4.90 (2H, s), 4.60 (2H, d), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 2.70 (2H, m), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.30 (2H, m), 2.20 (3H, s).
This was prepared as a white solid (101 mg) in an analogous manner to Example 8 with the change that commercially-available 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride was used in place of 1-(2-chloroacetyl)-4-methyl-piperazine hydrochloride. M/z 526.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.00 (1H, bs), 8.80 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.20 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.70 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.45-3.30 (10H, m), 3.00 (2H, d).
To an ice-cooled solution of 4,5-difluorophthalic acid (11.9 g, 58.9 mmol) in MeOH (250 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (40 mL, 0.75 mol) keeping the temperature <20° C. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 4 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residue was cautiously added to EtOAc and aq. NaHCO3. The aq. phase was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with aq. NaHCO3, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a colourless oil (12.98 g, 96%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.56 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 3.91 (6H, s).
To an ice-cooled solution of lithium aluminium hydride (1M in THF, 226 mL, 0.226 mol) was added a solution of dimethyl 4,5-difluorophthalate (12.98 g, 56.4 mmol) in THF (100 mL) over 30 min keeping the temperature below 12° C. The mixture was stirred in the ice bath for 30 min, then at RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. then, cautiously, water (8.5 mL), 15% aq. NaOH (8.5 mL) and water (26 mL) were added successively, keeping the temperature below 15° C. Celite was added and the mixture stirred at RT for 1 h, then filtered through a celite pad, washing through with more THF. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a white solid (9.52 g, 97%). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 7.36 (2H, t, J=10.1 Hz), 5.29 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 4.47 (4H, d, J=5.4 Hz).
A mixture of (4,5-difluoro-1,2-phenylene)dimethanol (9.52 g, 54.7 mmol) and 48% hydrobromic acid (68.5 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with water and then extracted with Et2O. The aq. phase was extracted with Et2O and the combined organic extracts were washed with water, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (1-10% EtOAc in hexane) to yield the title compound as a colourless oil (15.2 g, 93%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (2H, t, J=9.1 Hz), 4.55 (4H, s).
Sodium hydride (60% in oil, 4.46 g, 112 mmol) was added over 15 min to a mixture of 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzene (15.2 g, 50.7 mmol) and diethyl malonate (9.74 g, 60.8 mmol) in THF (200 mL) keeping the temperature below 20° C. The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h, then saturated ammonium chloride was added. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and then extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-25% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a colourless oil (9.95 g, 66%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.97 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.21 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 3.52 (4H, s), 1.26 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz).
To a solution of diethyl 5,6-difluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indene-2,2-dicarboxylate (9.94 g, 33.3 mmol) in dioxane (130 mL) was added water (130 mL) and concentrated HCl (140 mL). The mixture was refluxed for 23 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with Et2O (×3). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a colourless solid (6.6 g, quant.). M/z 197 (M−H)−.
To an ice-cooled solution of 5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (6.6 g, 33.3 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (40 mL, 0.75 mol) keeping the temperature <20° C. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residue was cautiously added to EtOAc and aq. NaHCO3. The aq. phase was extracted with more EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-25% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a pale yellow solid (5.97 g, 84%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.98 (2H, t, J=8.8 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 3.39 (1H, m), 3.24-3.12 (4H, m).
To a solution of methyl 5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (5.97 g, 28.2 mmol) in THF (120 mL), cooled to −78° C., was added sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1M in THF, 42.2 mL, 42.2 mol) over 15 min. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 45 min then a solution of tert-butyl bromoacetate (8.24 g, 42.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added over 10 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to −10° C. over 1 h. Saturated ammonium chloride was added, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted twice with EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-20% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a pale yellow gum (8.78 g, 96%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.96 (2H, t, J=8.9 Hz), 3.72 (3H, s), 3.47 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.90 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.71 (2H, s), 1.42 (9H, s).
To a solution of methyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (0.834 g, 2.56 mmol) in THF (25 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.5M in water, 10.2 mL, 5.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2.5 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residual solution was layered with EtOAc and acidified by addition of 6M HCl. The aq. phase was extracted with more EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (2-6% MeOH in DCM) yielded the title compound as a cream solid (0.59 g, 74%). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 12.47 (1H, bs), 7.26 (2H, t, J=9.2 Hz), 3.33 (2H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 2.91 (2H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 2.67 (2H, s), 1.37 (9H, s). M/z 311 (M−H)−.
The title product was prepared as a white solid (18 mg) in an analogous manner to Example 9 with the change that 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid. M/z 562.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 12.00 (1H, bs), 8.80 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.30 (2H, t), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.20 (2H, t), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, t), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.30 (4H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 2.75 (4H, m).
This was prepared in a similar manner to Example 10 except that (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methanol hydrochloride was used in the alkylation step instead of 4-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine hydrochloride, affording the title compound as a white solid (58 mg). M/z 560.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, t), 4.65 (2H, d), 3.95 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.45 (2H, d), 2.95 (2H, d), 2.80 (2H, m), 2.30 (3H, s), 2.00 (2H, m), 1.80 (3H, m), 1.40 (2H, m).
A solution of 2-{[2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one (151 mg, 0.43 mmol), 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (135 mg, 0.43 mmol) and triethylamine (0.18 mL, 131 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with HATU (197 mg, 0.52 mmol). After 2 h the mixture was partitioned between DCM and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 1-10% 7M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording an off-white solid (169 mg, 61%). M/z 645.7 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (65 mg, 0.1 mol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with water (0.05 mL) then TFA (0.5 mL). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated. Toluene was added and the mixture re-evaporated. The residue was subjected to MDAP purification followed by freeze-drying of product-containing fractions to afford the title compound as white solid (11 mg, 19%). M/z 589.6 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 12.20 (1H, bs), 9.80 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.95 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, m), 4.40 (1H, m), 4.10 (1H, m), 3.95 (2H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 3.70-3.50 (3H, m), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.15 (1H, m), 3.00 (2H, d), 2.80 (3H, s).
A solution of tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-[({6-methoxy-5-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (see Example 10) (140 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was treated with iodomethane (161 mg, 0.07 mL, 1.1 mmol) and stirred overnight. Evaporation gave an oil (0.2 g) which was used directly in the next step. M/z 632.6 (M)+
A solution of the above tert-butyl 2-[5,6-difluoro-2-[[6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylmorpholin-4-ium-4-yl)ethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate iodide (0.2 g, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with water (0.1 mL) then TFA (1 mL). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated. Toluene was added and the mixture re-evaporated. The residue was subjected to MDAP purification followed by freeze-drying of product-containing fractions to afford the title compound as white solid (54 mg, 41%). M/z 576.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.90 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, t), 4.65 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, m), 4.10-3.90 (6H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.70-3.50 (4H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 3.30 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-[({6-methoxy-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the precursor to Example 12, using the quaternisation with iodomethane followed by TFA deprotection protocol as described for Example 8 step-j to afford the title compound as a white solid (48 mg). M/z 603.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.10 (1H, bs), 7.68 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.95 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, m), 4.00-3.90 (4H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, m), 3.20 (6H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.40 (2H, d).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-[({6-methoxy-5-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, which was accessed using the same chemistry as for Example 10 with the change that 4-(2-chloropropyl)morpholine hydrochloride was used in the phenol alkylation step. Quaternisation of tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-[({6-methoxy-5-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate with iodomethane followed by TFA deprotection protocol as described for Example 13 to afford the title compound as a white solid (80 mg). M/z 590.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO). 11.80 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.20 (2H, t), 4.00 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 3.70 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, d), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.00 (2H, d), 2.80 (2H, m), 2.50 (2H, m), 2.25 (2H, m).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[({6-methoxy-5-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, which was accessed using the same chemistry as for Example 8 with the change that 4-(2-chloropropyl)morpholine hydrochloride was used in the phenol alkylation step. Quaternisation of tert-butyl 2-[({6-methoxy-5-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate with iodomethane followed by TFA deprotection protocol as described for Example 13 to afford the title compound as a white solid. M/z 554.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.80 (1H, bs), 7.63 (1H, s), 7.54 (1H, s), 7.18-7.16 (2H, m), 7.12-7.10 (2H, m), 4.61 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.14 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 3.94-3.92 (4H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.66-3.63 (2H, m), 3.48-3.42 (4H, m), 3.39-3.35 (2H, bs), 3.17 (3H, s), 2.91 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.46 (2H, s), 2.25-2.22 (2H, m).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate, which was accessed using the same chemistry as for Example 8 with the change that 4-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-piperidine was used in the phenol alkylation step. Quaternisation of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-[(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate with iodomethane followed by TFA deprotection protocol as described for Example 13 to afford the title compound as a white solid. M/z 538.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.32 (1H, bs), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.18-7.16 (2H, m), 7.12-7.10 (2H, m), 4.61 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.02 (2H, d, J=6.5 Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.45-3.33 (6H, bs), 3.10 (3H, s), 3.05 (3H, s), 2.91 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.55-2.45 (2H, bs), 2.07-2.04 (1H, m), 1.94-1.92 (2H, m), 1.79-1.74 (2H, m).
A solution of tert-butyl N-[(5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (100 mg, 0.32 mmol), 3-diethylamino-1-propanol (50 mg, 0.38 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (100 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was treated with diethyl azodicarboxylate (67 mg, 0.38 mmol). After 2 h, 3-diethylamino-1-propanol (25 mg, 0.19 mmol), triphenylphosphine (50 mg, 0.19 mmol) and diethyl azodicarboxylate (34 mg, 0.19 mmol) were added. After 0.5 h, the mixture was diluted with toluene and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-12% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a pale-yellow oil (118 mg, 86%). M/z 424.4 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-({5-[3-(diethylamino)propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamate (118 mg, 0.28 mmol) in ACN (3 mL) was treated with iodomethane (200 mg, 0.9 mmol). After 16 h the mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue chromatographed on silica eluting with 3-20% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a colourless oil (95 mg, 61%). M/z 438.5 (M)+.
A solution of (3-{[2-({1[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)diethylmethylazanium iodide (95 mg, 0.17 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was treated with 4M hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL, 12 mmol). After 1.5 h, toluene was added and the mixture evaporated to give an oil (100 mg). M/z 338.4 (M)+.
A solution of (3-{[2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)diethylmethylazanium chloride, hydrochloride salt (100 mg), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (51 mg, 0.18 mmol) and DIPEA (65 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was treated with HATU (95 mg, 0.18 mmol). After 20 minutes the mixture was chromatographed on reverse phase C18 silica eluting with 20-50% 0.01M hydrochloric acid in ACN. Product-containing fractions were freeze-dried to afford a light brown solid (94 mg, 89% over the two stages). M/z 596.4 (M)+.
A solution of 3-[[2-[[[2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)indane-2-carbonyl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy]propyl-diethyl-methyl-ammonium chloride (94 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (1.5 mL). After 2 h toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on reverse phase C18 silica eluting with 10-30% 2M ammonia/methanol in ACN. Product-containing fractions were freeze-dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (37 mg, 46%). M/z 540.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 11.50 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.52 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.62 (2H, d), 4.15 (2H, t), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50-3.20 (6H, m), 3.00 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, m), 1.25 (6H, t).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 18 with the changes that 3-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)propan-1-ol was used in place of 3-diethylamino-1-propanol and 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (45 mg). M/z 574.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 7.68 (1H, s), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.22 (2H, t), 4.65 (2H, d), 4.15 (2H, t), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50 (6H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 3.05 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.30 (2H, m), 2.10 (4H, m).
This was prepared by the same procedure as for Example (18a) with the change that 3-(methyl(2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)amino)propan-1-ol was used in place of 3-diethylamino-1-propanol, affording a colourless oil (212 mg, 54%). M/z 510.4 (M+H)+.
This was prepared from tert-butyl N-{[6-methoxy-5-(3-{methyl[2-(oxan-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}propoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate by the same procedure as for Example (18b) affording a clear oil (201 mg, 74%). M/z 524.4 (M)+.
This was prepared from (3-{[2-({[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)dimethyl[2-(oxan-2-yloxy)ethyl]azanium iodide by the method of Example (18c) with the difference that the reaction time was lengthened to 2 h from 1.5 h, affording an oil in quantitative yield. M/z 340.3 (M)+.
This was prepared from (3-{[2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy}propyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylazanium chloride hydrochloride by the method of Example (18d) affording a white solid (68 mg, 69%). M/z 598.4 (M)+
This was prepared from 3-[[2-[[[2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)indane-2-carbonyl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy]propyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethyl-ammonium chloride by the method of Example (18e) affording the title compound as a white solid (40 mg, 68%). M/z 542.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.10 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, m), 5.50 (1H, bs), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.15 (2H, t), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, d), 3.15 (6H, s), 2.87 (2H, d), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.30 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 20 except that 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (35 mg). M/z 578.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.00 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.52 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, t), 5.50 (1H, bs), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.15 (2H, t), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, d), 3.15 (6H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.30 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 20 except that 3-(bis(2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)amino)propan-1-ol was used in place of 3-(methyl(2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethyl)amino)propan-1-ol. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (31 mg). M/z 572.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.00 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 5.50 (2H, bs), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.20 (2H, t), 3.95 (4H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, m), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 3.15 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.20 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 22 except that 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (10 mg). M/z 608.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.00 (1H, bs), 7.65 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, t), 5.40 (2H, bs), 4.60 (2H, d), 4.10 (2H, t), 3.95 (4H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.60 (2H, m), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 3.15 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.20 (2H, m).
To a stirred solution of 1-methylpiperazine (500 mg, 4.99 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate (520 mg, 4.99 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 12 h and evaporated the solvent affording a pale yellow thick mass (200 mg, crude). M/z 159.1 (M+H)+.
CuO (1 g, 12.6 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-iodo-aniline (2.5 g, 8.30 mmol) and tert-butyl N-(2-amino-2-thioxo-ethyl)carbamate (2 g, 10.9 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) at RT and the reaction mixture was purged with argon for 15 min. Then dppf (929 mg, 1.60 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (768 mg, 0.8 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and degassed with argon for further 5 min. The reaction mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 70° C. for 4 h and filtered through celite pad which was washed with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was washed with water (2×30 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 20% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording an off white solid (2 g, 71%). M/z 343.0 (M+H)+.
4N HCl in dioxane (30 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl N-[(5-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (3 g, 8.7 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was triturated with n-pentane (20 mL) and Et2O (20 mL) affording a pale yellow solid (2.2 g, 90%). M/z 243.0 (M)+.
Et3N (1.5 mL, 10.8 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of (5-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methanamine hydrochloride (800 mg, 2.8 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at RT and stirred for 15 min. Then 2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)indane-2-carboxylic acid (1 g, 3.6 mmol), EDC·HCl (833 mg, 4.3 mmol) and HOBt (684 mg, 5.0 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h, diluted with ice cold water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 25% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording an off white solid (1 g, 56%). M/z 501.1 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[(5-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (1.5 g, 3.0 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was added potassium acetate (588 mg, 6.0 mmol) and Bpin (838 mg, 3.3 mmol) at RT and the reaction mixture was purged with argon for 15 min. Then PdCl2(dppf)·DCM (171 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and purged with argon for further 5 min. The reaction mixture was stirred in sealed tube at 90° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic extracts were washed with water (2×50 mL) and brine, then dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the solvent removed to give crude product (1.6 g, crude) as a brown semi solid. Mixture of boronic acid M/z 467.2 (M+H)+ and boronate ester M/z 549.2 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (1.6 g, 2.9 mmol) in THF:H2O (4:1, 20 mL) was added sodium periodate (1.9 g, 8.7 mmol) at RT and stirred for 30 min. Then 1N HCl (2 mL, 2.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at RT and stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were washed with water and brine, then dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the solvent removed. The crude compound was purified by column chromatography (100-200 silica gel, gradient 10% MeOH/DCM) to yield the product (900 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid. M/z 467.2 (M+H)+.
To a solution of [2-[[[2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)indane-2-carbonyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]boronic acid (300 mg, 0.64 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added Cu(OAc)2(175 mg, 0.96 mmol), triethylamine (0.2 mL, 1.28 mmol) and molecular sieves (0.5 g) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, then added 2-hydroxy-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one (153 mg, 0.96 mmol) and stirred at room temperature under air for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad, washed the pad with dichloromethane and filtrate was evaporated to get the crude compound. The crude was chromatographed on silica eluting with 3% MeOH in DCM affording tert-butyl 2-(2-(((5-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate as a pale brown solid (60 mg, 16%). M/z 579.3 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-(((5-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate (50 mg, 0.086 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was treated with TFA (0.5 mL) at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (6 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [SYMMETRY-C8 (3000*19), 7 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] and freeze dried affording an off white solid (15 mg, 34%). M/z 523.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.79 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 7.44 (1H, s), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.16-7.15 (2H, m), 7.13 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 4.94 (2H, s), 4.75 (2H, s), 3.85-3.75 (4H, bs), 3.52 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 3.16-3.07 (4H, bs), 3.09 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.82 (2H, s), 2.78 (3H, s).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 24 using 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanol in step-d. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 509.2 (M+H)+. 1H 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.16 (1H, bs), 8.72 (1H, t, J=6 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 7.48 (1H, s), 7.22-7.21 (2H, m), 7.17-7.14 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 4.62 (2H, d, J=6 Hz), 4.19 (2H, bs), 3.55-3.30 (4H, bs), 3.22-3.10 (4H, m), 3.10-3.00 (2H, m), 2.99 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.98-2.85 (2H, m), 2.80-2.70 (2H, m), 2.74 (3H, m).
To a stirred solution of methyl 4-amino-3-iodobenzoate (6 g, 21.6 mmol) in acetonitrile (60 mL) was added tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl)carbamate (4.9 g, 25.9 mmol) and CuO (2.6 g, 32.4 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was purged with argon for 15 minutes, then dppf (2.4 g, 4.33 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (2 g, 2.16 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was purged with argon for further 5 minutes and heated in a sealed tube at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad, washed the pad with DCM (60 mL) and filtrate was evaporated. The crude was chromatographed on silica eluting with 20-30% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording a yellow solid (4 g, 57%). M/z 323.1 (M+H)+.
A solution of methyl 2-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate (2.5 g, 7.76 mmol) in THF/water (1:1, 100 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (652 mg, 15.5 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 6 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated, resulting residue was diluted with water (10 mL) and adjusted the pH to -7 with saturated citric acid. The product was extracted with 10% MeOH in DCM (2×50 mL) and evaporated affording a yellow solid (2 g, 83%). M/z 307.0 (M−H)+.
A solution of 2-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid (500 mg, 1.62 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added N,N-dimethylazetidin-3-amine hydrochloride (281 mg, 1.62 mmol) and Et3N (0.7 mL, 4.87 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 10 minutes. Then T3P (750 mg, 2.43 mmol) was added and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2×25 mL) and the organic layer was evaporated affording a pale yellow solid (525 mg, crude). M/z 391.2 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl ((6-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (520 mg, 1.33 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (4 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture evaporated and resulting residue was triturated with diethyl ether (15 mL) affording a yellow solid (500 mg, crude). M/z 291.0 (M+H)+.
A solution of (2-(aminomethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(3-(dimethylamino)azetidin-1-yl)methanone hydrochloride (220 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added Et3N (0.5 mL, 3.37 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 10 minutes. Then 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (208 mg, 0.74 mmol) and T3P (660 mg, 1.03 mmol) was added and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL) and the organic layer was evaporated to give crude compound. The crude was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2% MeOH in DCM affording a brown solid (120 mg, 33%). M/z 549.3 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-(((6-(3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate (110 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with TFA (2 mL) at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [YMC-TRIART-C18 (150*25), 10 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] and freeze dried affording the title product as an off white solid (53 mg, 54%). M/z 493.2 (M+H). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.16 (1H, bs), 8.79 (1H, t, J=6 Hz), 8.35 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.75 (1H, dd, J=8.5 Hz, J=1.5 Hz), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.16-7.14 (2H, m), 4.69 (2H, d, J=6 Hz), 4.62-4.58 (1H, m), 4.48-4.42 (1H, m), 4.31-4.19 (2H, m), 4.15-4.05 (1H, m), 3.46 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 3.01 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.85-2.65 (8H, bs).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 3-amino-4-iodobenzoate in step-a and using 1-methylpiperazine in step-c. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 493.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.15 (1H, bs), 9.80 (1H, bs), 8.79 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 8.00 (1H, s), 7.46 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.15-7.13 (2H, m), 4.67 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.47 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.18-3.01 (8H, m), 2.99 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.79 (2H, s), 2.75 (3H, s).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 3-amino-4-iodobenzoate in step-a and using N′,N′-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine in step-c. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 481.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.42 (1H, bs), 8.79 (1H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 8.68 (1H, t, J=5 Hz), 8.40 (1H, s), 8.11 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.88 (1H, dd, J=8.5 Hz, J=1.5 Hz), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.15-7.13 (2H, m), 4.68 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.51-3.48 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 3.00 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.88-2.82 (2H, bs), 2.75 (2H, s), 2.55-2.50 (6H, bs).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 4-amino-3-iodobenzoate in step-a and using 1-methylpiperazine in step-c. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 493.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD): δ 8.07 (1H, d, J=1.0 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.57 (1H, dd, J=8.5 Hz, J=1 Hz), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.16-7.15 (2H, m), 4.79 (2H, s), 3.88-3.75 (4H, m), 3.54 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.20-3.15 (4H, m), 3.10 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.83 (2H, s), 2.81 (3H, s).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 4-amino-3-iodobenzoate in step-a and using N′,N′-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine in step-c. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 481.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.15 (1H, bs), 8.77 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 8.51 (1H, s), 8.02 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.96 (1H, dd, J=8.5 Hz, J=1.5 Hz), 7.23-7.21 (2H, m), 7.15-7.13 (2H, m), 4.68 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.63-3.60 (2H, m), 3.48 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 3.26-3.20 (2H, m), 3.00 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.83 (6H, s), 2.76 (2H, s).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 3-amino-4-iodobenzoate in step-a and using N,N-dimethyl-3-piperazin-1-yl-propan-1-amine in step-c. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 564.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.07 (1H, bs), 8.10 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.89 (1H, s), 7.39 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.22-7.20 (2H, m), 7.14-7.13 (2H, m), 4.67 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.64-3.62 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.25-3.15 (2H, bs), 3.01 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.72 (2H, s), 2.48-2.25 (8H, bs) 2.18 (6H, s), 1.58-1.55 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 26 starting from methyl 3-amino-4-iodobenzoate in step-a. The title compound was isolated as a white solid. M/z 493.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.05 (1H, bs), 8.94 (1H, bs), 8.11 (1H, s), 8.10 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.65 (1H, dd, J=8 Hz, J=1 Hz), 7.22-7.20 (2H, m), 7.14-7.13 (2H, m), 4.67 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.34-4.31 (1H, m), 4.13-4.06 (2H, m), 3.86-3.83 (1H, m), 3.46 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.10-3.05 (1H, m), 2.99 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.73 (2H, s), 2.08 (6H, s).
A solution of commercially-available methyl 4-iodo-2-methoxybenzoate (1.05 g, 3.6 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (1.6 ml) was treated at 0° C. with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid/concentrated sulfuric acid (0.6 mL/1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h then added to ice/water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to afford a yellow solid (1.03 g, 85%) that was used without purification. M/z 338.4 (M+H)+.
A mixture of methyl 4-iodo-2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzoate (600 mg, 1.8 mmol), iron powder (840 mg, 15 mmol) and methanol (9 mL) was treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid (0.2M; 9 mL, 1.8 mmol) then heated to reflux for 3 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature then filtered through celite and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to afford a yellow solid. This was triturated with methanol and filtered, affording recovered starting material (183 mg). The filtrate was evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography on an SCX cartridge eluting with 2M ammonia in methanol affording a yellow oil (132 mg, 24%). M/z 308.0 (M+H)+.
A solution of methyl 5-amino-4-iodo-2-methoxybenzoate (132 mg, 0.43 mmol) in in ACN (3 mL) was treated with tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.52 mmol), calcium oxide (50 mg, 0.52 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (38 mg, 0.41 mmol) and dppf (90 mg, 0.16 mmol) then degassed and flushed with argon. The mixture was heated at 65° C. in a sealed vial for 5h then cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution then saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic extract was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexane affording an oil (97 mg, 64%). M/z 353.3 (M+H)+.
A solution of methyl 2-({[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-5-carboxylate (96 mg, 0.27 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was treated with aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1M; 0.5 mL, 0.5 mmol). After 16 h the mixture was reduced in volume by evaporation and acidified to pH 4 with aqueous hydrochloric acid (1M) then extracted with DCM. The DCM extract was washed with water, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a brown foam (55 mg, 60%). M/z 283.3 (M−t-Bu)+.
A solution of 2-({[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-5-carboxylic acid (55 mg, 0.16 mmol), 1-methylpiperazine (20 mg, 0.2 mmol), DIPEA (63 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was treated with HATU (74 mg, 0.2 mmol). After 4 h the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with water then saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a brown foam (135 mg). This was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-10% methanol in DCM affording an oil (41 mg, 60%). M/z 421.2 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-{[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate (41 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was treated with TFA (0.5 mL). After 3 h the mixture was evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography on an SCX cartridge eluting with 2M ammonia in methanol affording a yellow oil (21 mg, 66%). M/z 321.2 (M+H)+.
A solution of [6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methanamine (21 mg, 0.07 mmol), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (22 mg, 0.08 mmol), DIPEA (26 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with HATU (26 mg, 0.07 mmol). After 16 h the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with water then saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a yellow oil. This was chromatographed on silica eluting with 0-10% methanol in DCM affording an oil (32 mg, 84%). M/z 579.4 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (32 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was treated with TFA (0.25 mL). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated. The residue as purified by MDAP and product-containing fractions were freeze-dried to afford the title compound as white solid (20 mg, 69%). M/z 523.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.20 (1H, bs), 8.80 (1H, bs), 7.95 (1H, s), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 5.40 (2H, bs), 4.60 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.45-3.20 (8H, m), 3.15 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 33 except that 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (35 mg). M/z 573.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.50 (1H, bs), 8.80 (1H, bs), 7.75 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.60 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.15 (3H, s), 3.00 (2H, d).
A solution of tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-({[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate of Example 34, (140 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was treated with iodomethane (365 mg, 2.6 mmol). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated affording a white solid (170 mg, 98%). M/z 629.3 (M)+.
A solution of Tert-butyl 2-[2-[[5-(4,4-dimethylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-indan-2-yl]acetate iodide (170 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was treated with TFA (0.5 mL). After 2 h the mixture was evaporated. The residue as purified by MDAP and product-containing fractions were freeze-dried to afford the title compound as white solid (20 mg, 69%). M/z 574.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.80 (1H, bs), 7.80 (2H, m), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.60 (2H, m), 4.10 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.80 (1H, m), 3.60-3.30 (12H, m), 3.20 (2H, d), 3.00 (2H, d).
This was prepared using the same procedures as Example 33 with the difference that 3-dimethylaminoazetidine was used in place of 1-methylpiperazine, affording the title compounds as a white solid (62 mg). M/z 523.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.30 (1H, bs), 8.80 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.20 (1H, m), 7.10 (1H, m), 5.40 (2H, bs), 4.62 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.20-3.80 (5H, m), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.30 (6H, s), 2.90 (2H, d).
This was prepared using the same procedures as Example 36 with the difference that 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid was used in place of 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid, affording the title compounds as a white solid (48 mg). M/z 559.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 12.30 (1H, bs), 8.85 (1H, bs), 7.78 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, t), 4.60 (2H, d), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.10-3.70 (5H, m), 3.50 (4H, m), 3.30 (6H, s), 2.95 (2H, d).
This was prepared using the same procedures as Example 34 with the difference that 3-dimethylaminoazetidine was used in place of 1-methylpiperazine, affording the title compounds as a white solid (75 mg). M/z 551.7 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 7.80 (2H, m), 7.25 (2H, m), 7.15 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, m), 4.50 (1H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.00-2.60 (5H, m), 2.40 (1H, m), 2.20 (6H, s), 1.80 (1H, m), 1.60 (1H, m), 1.50 (2H, m).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[({5-[4-(dimethylamino)piperidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate of Example 38, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (83 mg). M/z 565.7 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 7.80 (2H, s), 7.20 (4H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.70 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, m), 3.60 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.05 (9H, s), 2.90 (3H, m), 2.20 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 1.50 (2H, m).
This was prepared using the same procedures as Example 33 with the difference that dimethyl[(morpholin-2-yl)methyl]amine was used in place of 1-methylpiperazine, affording the title compounds as a white solid (70 mg). M/z 567.7 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, m), 4.20-4.00 (2H, m), 3.95 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.80-3.50 (3H, m), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.10 (6H, m), 3.05 (2H, d), 2.90 (2H, m).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-{[(5-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]morpholine-4-carbonyl}-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate of Example 40, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (77 mg). M/z 581.6 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 13.30 (1H, bs), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, m), 4.20-4.00 (2H, m), 3.95 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.80-3.50 (3H, m), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.15 (9H, s), 3.05 (2H, d), 2.80 (2H, m).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[({5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate of Example 36, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (68 mg). M/z 537.6 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.40 (1H, bs), 7.80 (2H, m), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, d), 4.40 (2H, m), 4.30 (2H, m), 4.15 (1H, m), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, d), 3.15 (9H, s), 2.90 (2H, d).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[({5-[3-(dimethylamino)azetidine-1-carbonyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate of Example 37, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (75 mg). M/z 573.6 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 13.30 (1H, bs), 7.80 (2H, m), 7.20 (2H, t), 4.65 (2H, d), 4.40 (2H, m), 4.30 (2H, m), 4.15 (1H, m), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.55 (2H, m), 3.35 (2H, d), 3.15 (9H, s), 2.90 (2H, d).
This was prepared from tert-butyl 5,6-difluoro-2-[({6-methoxy-5-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate in the synthesis of Example 10, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (56 mg). M/z 574.4 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) (13.10 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, t), 4.65 (2H, d), 4.05 (2H, m), 3.85 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, d), 3.40 (2H, m), 3.10 (3H, s), 3.05 (3H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.30 (2H, s), 2.05 (1H, m), 1.90 (2H, m), 1.80 (2H, m).
A mixture of tert-butyl N-[(5-bromo-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (200 mg, 0.54 mmol), benzyl mercaptan (100 mg, 0.8 mmol), Xantphos (31 mg, 0.05 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (25 mg, 0.027 mmol) and DIPEA (277 mg, 2.1 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 115° C. in a sealed tube for 1.25 h then evaporated. The residue was treated with toluene and re-evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 5-25% ethyl acetate in toluene affording a pale-yellow solid (220 mg, 99%). M/z 317.8 (M+H)+ for loss of BOC group.
A solution of tert-butyl N-{[5-(benzylsulfanyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate (220 mg, 0.54 mmol) in acetic acid (3 mL) and water (0.4 mL) was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (215 mg, 1.6 mmol). After 0.5 h the mixture was diluted with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in toluene and re-evaporated to give a yellow oil that was used directly in the next step (210 mg, 100%). M/z 373.8 (M−H)− for loss of a proton from the corresponding sulfonic acid.
A solution of tert-butyl N-{[5-(chlorosulfonyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate (210 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated at 0° C. with triethylamine (81 mg, 0.8 mmol) then 1-methylpiperazine (64 mg, 0.64 mmol). After 0.5 h the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water, then dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-8% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a colourless oil (195 mg, 79%). M/z 457.6 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl N-({6-methoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methyl)carbamate (195 mg, 0.43 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (1 mL). After 1 h, toluene was added and the mixture evaporated. More toluene was added and the mixture re-evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-12% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a colourless oil (133 mg, 87%). M/z 357.4 (M+H)+.
A solution of {6-methoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl}methanamine (133 mg, 0.37 mmol), 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (103 mg, 0.37 mmol) and DIPEA (145 mg, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was treated with HATU (213 mg, 0.56 mmol). After 0.33 h the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, then washed with water, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 2-10% 2M ammonia/methanol in DCM affording a light brown foam (233 mg, 95%). M/z 615.4 (M+H)+
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-methoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (92 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (1.5 mL). After 3 h the mixture was diluted with toluene and evaporated. Toluene was added and the mixture re-evaporated. The residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (C18 cartridge) 5-20% ACN in 2M ammonia/methanol affording the title compound as a white solid (66 mg, 79%). M/z 559.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 8.20 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, s), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.15 (1H, m), 4.65 (2H, m), 3.95 (3H, s), 3.50 (2H, d), 3.15 (4H, m), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.30 (4H, m), 2.20 (3H, s).
This was prepared by the same procedures as for Example 45 with the difference that N,N-dimethylpiperidin-4-amine was used in place of 1-methylpiperazine, affording the title compound as a white solid (69 mg). M/z 587.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 8.20 (1H, s), 7.90 (1H, s), 7.20 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, d), 3.90 (3H, s), 3.70 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.60 (1H, t), 2.30 (2H, m), 2.20 (6H, s), 1.80 (2H, m), 1.40 (2H, m).
This compound was prepared from tert-butyl 2-{[(5-{[4-(dimethylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate, the final intermediate in the synthesis of Example 46, by the quaternisation and TFA deprotection sequence as described in Example 35, affording the compound as a white solid (91 mg). M/z 601.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d-DMSO) δ 8.20 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, s), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.10 (2H, m), 4.65 (2H, d), 3.95 (3H, s), 3.90 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, d), 3.00 (9H, s), 2.90 (2H, d), 2.60 (1H, m), 2.30 (1H, m), 2.10 (2H, m), 1.60 (2H, m).
This was prepared by the same procedures as for Example 24 step-b to step-d starting with 4-bromo-2-iodo-aniline, affording the title compound as a white solid. M/z 501.1 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (300 mg, 0.59 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added Zn(CN)2 (140 mg, 1.19 mmol) and purged with argon for 10 minutes. Then Pd2(dba)3 (55 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Xantphos (70 mg, 0.11 mmol) were added and purged with argon for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated in sealed tube at 90° C. for 4 h, and then filtered through celite pad, washed the pad with EtOAc (50 mL) and the filtrate was evaporated. The crude was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20-30% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording an off white solid (180 mg, 68%). M/z 448.2 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[(6-cyano-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (160 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with TFA (2.5 mL) at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [X-BRIDGE-C18 (150*30), 5 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] affording the title product as a white solid (26 mg, 19%). M/z 392.1 (M+H). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.31 (1H, bs), 8.65 (1H, s), 8.09 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.90 (1H, dd, J=8.5 Hz, J=1.5 Hz), 7.22-7.20 (2H, m), 7.14-7.13 (2H, m), 4.71 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.45 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.99 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 2.70 (2H, s).
This compound was prepared from tert-butyl 2-[2-[(5-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate using the conditions described in example 48 affording the compound as a white solid. M/z 392.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.7 (1H, bs), 8.46 (1H, s), 8.28 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz), 7.19-7.18 (2H, m), 7.13-7.11 (2H, m), 4.70 (2H, d, J=5 Hz), 3.42 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.95 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.57 (2H, s).
The following compounds were synthesized according to Methods A-C described above. Subsequently:
The final stages of the syntheses generally involve acid-catalysed removal of the BOC group from (8) to reveal the free amines (12) followed by coupling with acids of type (3), usually with the standard peptide coupling reagent HATU (for a comprehensive review of the myriad available peptide coupling reagents, see Valeur, E. and Bradley, M, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 28, 606-631). Finally further acid treatment with TFA removes the t-butyl ester to afford the Examples of the invention.
As an example of this approach, alkylation of tert-butyl N-[(5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate with 3-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine, removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl protecting group and coupling with acid (3) can generate the N,N-dimethylaminopropyloxy intermediate (15). Reaction with an alkylating agent such as iodomethane then generates the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt (16) and finally removal of the tert-butyl ester reveals the carboxylate acid, generating zwitterionic (17) containing both a positive and a negative charge.
To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-2-iodo-aniline (3 g, 10.13 mmol) and tert-butyl (2-amino-2-thioxoethyl) carbamate (1.92 g, 10.13 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added CuO (0.8 g, 10.13 mmol) at room temperature and the reaction mixture was degassed with argon for 15 minutes. Then Dppf (280 mg, 0.50 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (185.4 mg, 0.20) were added and the resulting reaction mixture was degassed with argon for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred in sealed tube at 60° C. for 3h, and then filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was washed with water (2×30 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude compound was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 22% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording as a yellow solid (5 g, 72%). M/z 343 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (1.3 g, 3.80 mmol), and bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.44 g, 5.70 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added KOAc (745 mg, 7.60 mmol) at room temperature and the reaction mixture was purged with argon for 15 minutes. Then PdCl2(dppf)·DCM (155 mg, 0.190 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture purged with argon for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred to reflux in sealed tube for 12 h, and then filtered through celite pad and washed with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was washed with water (2×30 mL), the organic layer was dried with sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a brown solid (1.5 g, crude). M/z 391.2 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-[[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]carbamate (1.5 g, 3.84 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 1N NaOH (3.84 mL g, 3.84 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred for 10 minutes. Then H2O2 (30% in H2O, 0.21 mL, 8.84 mmol) was added at 0° C. and the reaction mixture stirred to room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (70 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 40% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording a white solid (1.0 g, 93.4%). M/z 281.1 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (300 mg, 1.07 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (222 mg, 1.60 mmol), 3-bromopropan-1-ol (224 mg, 1.60 mmol) at room temperature and heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extract was dried, filtered and evaporated. The crude was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 45-60% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording a yellow solid (210 m, 58%). M/z=338.9 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[[6-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]carbamate (210 mg, 0.62 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the resulting residue was triturated with diethyl ether (20 mL) affording an off white solid (165 mg, crude). M/z=238.9 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (20 g, 123 mmol) in methanol (200 mL) was added conc. H2SO4 (10 mL, 185 mmol) drop wise at room temperature and stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to get residue. The residue was dissolved in water (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The organic layer was washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate, brine and evaporated affording a light brown liquid (20 g, 92%). M/z 177.1 (M+H)+.
To a solution of methyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (5 g, 28.3 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added NaHMDS (21 mL, 42.5 mmol, 2M in THF) at −78° C. under argon and stirred at −78° C. for 1 h. Then tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate solution (6.4 mL, 42.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added drop wise for 15 minutes at −78° C. and stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. ammonium chloride solution (50 mL) at −78° C. and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. The organic layer was separated, aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL), and the combined organic layer was evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was triturated with n-pentane (50 mL) at −78° C. and stirred at same temperature for 15 minutes. The resulting solid was filtered and dried under vacuum affording an off white solid (3.7 g, 45%). M/z=313.0 (M+Na)+.
To a stirred solution of methyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (430 g, 1.48 mol) in THF (2.15 L) and ethanol (2.15 L) was added 0.5 M LiOH·H2O (6.8 L, 2.96 mol) drop wise at room temperature and stirred at same temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to get the residue and the residue was diluted with H2O (1 L) and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 1N HCl to pH 3-4. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water, n-pentane and dried under vacuum affording a white solid (254.5 g, 62%). M/z 275.2 (M−H)−. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.4 (1H, bs), 7.18-7.10 (4H, m), 3.39 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.92 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.64 (2H, s), 1.37 (9H, s).
To a solution of 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (150 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added Et3N (0.2 mL, 1.62 mmol), EDC. HCl (125 mg, 0.65 mmol), HOBt (74 mg, 0.54 mmol) and 3-[[2-(aminomethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl]oxy]propan-1-ol hydrochloride (164 mg, 0.59 mmol) at room temperature and stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL) and evaporated. The crude was purified by silica gel chromatography with 3-5% MeOH in DCM affording a yellow solid (125 mg, 46%). M/z=497.2 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[6-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (110 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (15 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [HPLC [SYMMETRY-C8 (300*19 mm), 7 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] affording the title compound as an off white solid (20 mg, 20%). M/z 441.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.12 (1H, bs), 8.69 (1H, t, J=6 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 7.57 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 7.22-7.19 (2H, m), 7.15-7.13 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, dd, J=9 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 4.60 (2H, d, J=6 Hz), 4.55 (1H, t, J=5 Hz), 4.08 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 3.57 (2H, td, J=6 Hz, J=5 Hz), 3.44 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.00 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.73 (2H, s), 1.89-1.86 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 50 using 1-bromopropane in step-d. The title compound was isolated as white solid (37 mg, 38%). M/z 425.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.14 (1H, bs), 8.97 (1H, bs), 7.78 (1H, d, J=9 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 7.21-7.20 (2H, m), 7.14-7.12 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz, J=2.5 Hz), 4.60 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.98 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 3.47 (2H, d, J=16.5 Hz), 3.00 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.70 (2H, s), 1.77-1.72 (2H, m), 1.00 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz).
To a stirred solution of 5-methoxy-2-nitroaniline (100 g, 595 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.5 L) was added NBS (106 g, 595 mmol) portion wise at room temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and added TFA (46 mL, 595 mmol) drop wise for 30 minutes and allowed to stir at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (1 L) and adjusted the pH to ˜ 8 with 1N NaOH. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water (500 mL) and dried under vacuum affording a yellow solid. (105 g, 72%). M/z 247 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-nitroaniline (50 g, 203 mmol) in acetonitrile (750 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (24 mL, 457 mmol) drop wise at −10° C. Then NaNO2 (28 g, 406 mmol) in water (175 mL) was added drop wise at −10° C. for 15 minutes and stirred at same temperature for 30 min. After that KI solution (135 g, 813 mmol) in water (175 mL) was added drop wise at −10° C. for 20 minutes and stirred at same temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with sodium metabisulphite solution (309 g, 1.62 mmol) in water (1.6 L) at -10° C. to 0° C. for 1 h. Then water (1 L) was added and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water (1 L) and dried under vacuum affording a yellow solid. (60 g, 82%). M/z 357.8 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 1-bromo-4-iodo-2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzene (106 g, 296 mmol) in EtOH: H2O (800 mL: 200 mL) was added Fe (49.7 g, 890 mmol), NH4Cl (80 g, 1.48 mmol) at room temperature and stirred at 90° C. for 2 h. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 60° C., added additional amount of Fe (33 g, 593 mmol), NH4Cl (80 g 1.48 mmol) and stirred at 90° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through ciliate pad, washed the pad with methanol (1 L) and filtrate was concentrated to give residue. The residue was diluted with cold water (1 L) and adjusted the pH to ˜8 with 1N NaOH. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum affording a light brown solid (90 g, 92%). M/z 327.8 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-iodo-4-methoxyaniline (50 g, 152 mmol) in acetonitrile (560 mL) was added tert-butyl(2-amino-2-thioxoethyl)carbamate (35 g, 183 mmol), CaO (17 g, 305 mmol) and degassed with argon for 20 minutes. Then Pd2(dba)3 (14 g, 15.2 mmol), dppf (25.4 g, 15.8 mmol) was added and purged with argon for further 5 minutes and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (300 mL). The filtrate was washed with water and evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was dissolved in acetonitrile (200 mL), on standing for 1 hour solid was precipitated out. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with acetonitrile (50 mL) and dried under vacuum affording an off white solid (34 g, 60%). M/z 372.9 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl ((5-bromo-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (5 g, 13.44 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was added BPin (6.8 g, 26.8 mmol), KOAc (4.6 g, 47.0 mmol) and purged with argon for 15 minutes. Then Pd2Cl2(dppf). DCM (1.1 g, 1.34 mmol) was added and purged with argon for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was washed with water, brine and evaporated affording a white solid (12 g, crude). M/z 339 (M+H)+.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl N-[[6-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]carbamate (12 g, 35.5 mmol) in THF (180 mL) was added 1N NaOH (35 mL, 35.5 mmol), 30% H2O2 (6.2 mL 81.6 mmol) at 0° C. and stirred at same temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was separated washed with water, brine and evaporated to get crude compound. The crude compound was chromatographed on silica eluting with 30% EtOAc in pet ether affording an off white solid. (2.5 g 54%). M/z 311.0 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.50 (1H, s), 7.25 (1H, s), 5.76 (1H, s), 5.30 (1H, s), 4.68 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 1.54 (9H, s). M/z 311.0 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (750 mg, 2.41 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (1 g, 7.25 mmol), 3-chloro-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (355 mg, 2.90 mmol) at room temperature and heated at 80° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layer was dried, filtered and evaporated affording a pale brown liquid (1 g, crude). M/z 395.8 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl N-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methyl]carbamate (1 g, 2.53 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (6 mL) at room temperature and stirred for 6 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the resulting residue was triturated with diethyl ether (25 mL) affording a pale yellow solid (0.92 g, crude). M/z 296.2 (M+H)+.
To a solution of 3-[[2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-propan-1-amine hydrochloride (450 mg, 1.52 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added Et3N (1.1 mL, 7.62 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes. Then 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (463 mg, 1.67 mmol), EDC. HCl (440 mg, 2.28 mmol) and HOBt (210 mg, 1.52 mmol) was added at room temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold water (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL) and evaporated to get crude compound. The crude was chromatographed on silica eluting with 10-12% MeOH in DCM affording a yellow solid (310 mg, 56%). M/z 554.2 (M+H)+.
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (120 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (15 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [YMC-TRIART(150×25 mm), 10 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN]affording the title compound as an off white solid (32 mg, 30%). M/z 498.1 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.00 (1H, bs), 7.55 (1H, s), 7.43 (1H, s), 7.21-7.20 (2H, m), 7.14-7.12 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, d, J=6 Hz), 4.04 (2H, t, J=6.5 Hz), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.45 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.98 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.69 (2H, s), 2.40 (2H, t, J=7 Hz), 2.17 (6H, s), 1.91-1.85 (2H, m).
To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[2-[[5-[3-(dimethylamino)propoxy]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]methylcarbamoyl]indan-2-yl]acetate (200 mg, 0.36 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Mel (1 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was evaporated and resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 15-20% 7M NH3/MeOH in DCM affording a pale yellow solid (100 mg, 49%). M/z 568.3 (M)+.
To a solution of 3-[[2-[[[2-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-ethyl)indane-2-carbonyl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl]oxy]propyl-trimethyl-ammonium iodide (90 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with TFA (1.5 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [X-BRIDGE-C18 (150*30), 5 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] affording the title compound as an off white solid (8.2 mg, 10%). M/z 512.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): 12.27 (1H, bs), 7.64 (1H, s), 7.53 (1H, s), 7.17-7.15 (2H, m), 7.11-7.09 (2H, m), 4.61 (2H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 4.12 (2H, t, J=6 Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.51-3.49 (2H, m), 3.40 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.10 (9H, s), 2.90 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.40 (2H, s), 2.24-2.21 (2H, m).
A solution of tert-butyl N-[(5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamate (600 mg, 1.93 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (692 mg, 2.12 mmol) and 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane (304 mg, 2.12 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was heated at 70° C. for 16 h, then filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (15 mL). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 25% EtOAc in petroleum ether affording an off white solid (250 mg, 32%). M/z 417.1 (M+H)+
A solution of tert-butyl ((5-(2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (250 mg, 0.60 mmol) in acetone (5 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (293 mg, 0.90 mmol) and dimethylamine (2 mL, 2M in THF) at 0° C. The mixture was heated at 90° C. in a sealed tube for 20 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite pad and washed the pad with EtOAc (15 mL). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on silica eluting with 10-20% MeOH in DCM affording a pale yellow solid (210 mg, 84%). M/z 426.2 (M+H)+
A solution of tert-butyl ((5-(2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was added 4M HCl in dioxane (5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 mL) affording an off white solid (180 mg, crude). M/z 326.1 (M+H)+.
A solution of 2-(2-((2-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)oxy)ethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-amine hydrochloride (300 mg, 0.92 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was added Et3N (0.4 mL, 2.76 mmol) and stirred for 10 minutes. Then 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (280 mg, 1.01 mmol) and T3P (0.9 mL, 1.38 mmol) was added at room temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water (15 mL) and EtOAc (30 mL). The organic layer was evaporated and resulting crude compound was chromatographed on silica eluting with 10%-20% MeOH in DCM affording an off white solid (200 mg, 38%). M/z 584.2 (M+H)+.
A solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-(((5-(2-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)acetate (200 mg, 0.34 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Mel (1 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 8 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with 10% MeOH in DCM affording an off white solid (60 mg, 30%). M/z 598.1 (M)+.
A solution of 2-(2-((2-((2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxamido)methyl)-6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)oxy)ethoxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium (120 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with TFA (1 mL) at 0° C. and stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether (10 mL). The crude compound was purified by preparative HPLC [X-BRIDGE-C18 (150*30), 5 u, Mobile phase: A: 0.1% Formic Acid in H2O, B: MeCN] and freeze dried affording the title product as an off white solid (46 mg, 43%). M/z 542.2 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.85 (1H, bs), 7.58 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, s), 7.20-7.18 (2H, m), 7.13-7.11 (2H, m), 4.60 (2H, d, J=5.0 Hz), 4.20 (2H, t, J=4 Hz), 3.94 (2H, bs), 3.85 (2H, t, J=4 Hz), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.53 (2H, t, J=4.5 Hz), 3.43 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 3.10 (9H, s), 2.96 (2H, d, J=16 Hz), 2.62 (2H, s).
To an ice-cooled solution of 4,5-difluorophthalic acid (11.9 g, 58.9 mmol) in MeOH (250 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (40 mL, 0.75 mol) keeping the temperature <20° C. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 4 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residue was cautiously added to EtOAc and aq. NaHCO3. The aq. phase was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with aq. NaHCO3, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a colourless oil (12.98 g, 96%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.56 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 3.91 (6H, s).
To an ice-cooled solution of lithium aluminium hydride (1M in THF, 226 mL, 0.226 mol) was added a solution of dimethyl 4,5-difluorophthalate (12.98 g, 56.4 mmol) in THF (100 mL) over 30 min keeping the temperature below 12° C. The mixture was stirred in the ice bath for 30 min, then at RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. then, cautiously, water (8.5 mL), 15% aq. NaOH (8.5 mL) and water (26 mL) were added successively, keeping the temperature below 15° C. Celite was added and the mixture stirred at RT for 1 h, then filtered through a celite pad, washing through with more THF. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a white solid (9.52 g, 97%). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 7.36 (2H, t, J=10.1 Hz), 5.29 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 4.47 (4H, d, J=5.4 Hz).
A mixture of (4,5-difluoro-1,2-phenylene)dimethanol (9.52 g, 54.7 mmol) and 48% hydrobromic acid (68.5 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with water and then extracted with Et2O. The aq. phase was extracted with Et2O and the combined organic extracts were washed with water, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (1-10% EtOAc in hexane) to yield the title compound as a colourless oil (15.2 g, 93%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.20 (2H, t, J=9.1 Hz), 4.55 (4H, s).
Sodium hydride (60% in oil, 4.46 g, 112 mmol) was added over 15 min to a mixture of 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzene (15.2 g, 50.7 mmol) and diethyl malonate (9.74 g, 60.8 mmol) in THF (200 mL) keeping the temperature below 20° C. The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h, then saturated ammonium chloride was added. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and then extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-25% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a colourless oil (9.95 g, 66%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.97 (2H, t, J=8.7 Hz), 4.21 (4H, q, J=7.1 Hz), 3.52 (4H, s), 1.26 (6H, t, J=7.1 Hz).
To a solution of diethyl 5,6-difluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indene-2,2-dicarboxylate (9.94 g, 33.3 mmol) in dioxane (130 mL) was added water (130 mL) and concentrated HCl (140 mL). The mixture was refluxed for 23 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with Et2O (×3). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, then brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound as a colourless solid (6.6 g, quant.). M/z 197 (M−H)−.
To an ice-cooled solution of 5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid (6.6 g, 33.3 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added concentrated H2SO4 (40 mL, 0.75 mol) keeping the temperature <20° C. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residue was cautiously added to EtOAc and aq. NaHCO3. The aq. phase was extracted with more EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-25% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a pale yellow solid (5.97 g, 84%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.98 (2H, t, J=8.8 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 3.39 (1H, m), 3.24-3.12 (4H, m).
To a solution of methyl 5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (5.97 g, 28.2 mmol) in THF (120 mL), cooled to −78° C., was added sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1M in THF, 42.2 mL, 42.2 mol) over 15 min. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 45 min then a solution of tert-butyl bromoacetate (8.24 g, 42.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added over 10 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to −10° C. over 1 h. Saturated ammonium chloride was added and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted twice with EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (5-20% EtOAc in hexane) yielded the title compound as a yellow gum (8.78 g, 96%). 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 6.96 (2H, t, J=8.9 Hz), 3.72 (3H, s), 3.47 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.90 (2H, d, J=16.2 Hz), 2.71 (2H, s), 1.42 (9H, s).
To a solution of methyl 2-(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate (0.834 g, 2.56 mmol) in THF (25 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (0.5M in water, 10.2 mL, 5.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2.5 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residual solution was layered with EtOAc and acidified by addition of 6M HCl. The aq. phase was extracted with more EtOAc and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. FCC (2-6% MeOH in DCM) yielded the title compound as a cream solid (0.59 g, 74%). 1H NMR (d6-DMSO) δ 12.47 (1H, bs), 7.26 (2H, t, J=9.2 Hz), 3.33 (2H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 2.91 (2H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 2.67 (2H, s), 1.37 (9H, s). M/z 311 (M−H)−.
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 54 using 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid in step-d. The title compound was isolated as an orange solid (58.5 mg). M/z 578.5 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.05 (1H, bs), 7.60 (1H, s), 7.61 (1H, s), 7.22-7.21 (1H, m), 7.17-7.14 (1H, m), 4.62 (2H, d, J=6 Hz), 4.21 (2H, m), 3.93 (2H, m), 3.87 (2H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.58 (2H, m), 3.36 (2H, m), 3.10 (9H, s), 2.89-2.81 (2H, m), 2.32 (2H, m).
This was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 54 using in 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride in step-a and 2-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-5,6-difluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylic acid in step-d. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (13 mg, 12%). M/z 534.3 (M+H)+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 13.16 (1H, bs), 7.69 (1H, s), 7.63 (1H, s), 7.22-7.21 (1H, m), 7.17-7.14 (1H, m), 4.61 (2H, m), 4.53 (2H, m), 3.82 (5H, m), 3.32 (2H, m), 3.21 (9H, s), 2.89-2.81 (2H, m), 2.32 (2H, m).
The relevance of LasB to PA infection has been shown in experiments measuring lung burden in a rat model of chronic lung infection following infection with WT PA (which expresses LasB) and a mutant form of PA (ΔlasB PA) in which LasB is not expressed. It could be clearly seen in that following infection, whereas a wild type strain is able to persist at least for 14 days, a LasB deficient strain was not able to persist beyond day 5. The relevance of LasB to PA biofilm development was also shown. Biofilms formed after 3 days by both PA26 wt and PA26 lasB deletion strains were investigated by confocal imaging and subsequent analysis (with Comstat software). This study demonstrated that biofilms formed by the PA26 lasB deletion strain were highly reduced in thickness and biomass compared to the wt strain, demonstrating the essential role of LasB in PA biofilm development.
The relevance of LasB to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection is illustrated in
Experiments were therefore conducted (1) to measure the potency of inhibition of compounds of the invention against purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasB enzyme and also experiments were conducted (2) to measure the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit LasB-catalysed elastin degradation. The first assay uses a commercial fluorescent synthetic peptide and purified LasB enzyme. The LasB hydrolysis kinetics are measured allowing the determination of the IC50 and Ki of the inhibitors; the second is a more physiological assay using dialysed Pseudomonas aeruginosa supernatant as source of enzyme, plus its natural substrate Elastin. It is an “end point assay” that determines the percentage of LasB inhibition by each compound for one particular time point and inhibitor concentration. Technical details are described below:
This assay uses commercially available substrate (Abz-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala-p-Nitro-Benzyl-Amide (Ex: 340 nm, Em: 415 nm) from Peptide International) and purified LasB protein from P. aeruginosa (provided by Merck or Charles River Laboratories). It is performed to determine LasB elastase activity and assess compound inhibition in 96-well plate format. All compounds of Formula (I) were assessed using the method described below.
Method: 10 to 140 ng/ml purified LasB is incubated with 250 μM Abz-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala-p-Nitro-Benzyl-Amide in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 2.5 mM CaCl2), 0.01% of Triton X100 at 37° C. LasB activity (corresponding to fluorescence emission induced by substrate hydrolysis) is measured over 30 min at 37° C. with a fluorescence plate reader such as the Perkin Elmer Envision or similar. Different range of inhibitor concentrations are routinely assessed depending of inhibitor potency from 0.0016 to 200 μM (2-fold dilutions series) in order to determine IC50.
The equation used to calculate the Ki from IC50 is: Ki=IC50/(1+([S]/Km)) where [S]=250 μM and Km=214 μM.
The Elastin assay uses as source of enzyme dialysed supernatant from P. aeruginosa PAO1 and the Elastin Congo-Red as substrate. The natural LasB substrate, elastin, is complexed with the congo-red dye (Elastin Congo-Red, ECR). The elastolysis activity from the culture supernatant will degrade elastin and release the congo-red dye into the supernatant. This red dye release can be measured with a spectrophotometer.
All compounds of Formula (I) were assessed using the method described below.
Method: To determine LasB elastase activity and assess compound inhibition, an overnight culture of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 is diluted in LB medium. After reaching an OD600nm of 0.6, this culture is diluted and incubated for additional 18-24 hours in a shaking incubator. Culture supernatants are recovered by centrifugation and filtrated through a 0.22 μM filter. These supernatants are dialysed (filtration molecules <20 kDa) into a 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 2.5 mM CaCl2 solution at 4° C. under agitation for 24 hours. Supernatant dialysed is then mixed volume/volume with the ECR suspension (20 mg/mL of ECR in 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 buffer supplemented with 1 mM CaCl2)) supplemented with Triton X100 (final concentration of 0.01%) in presence of DMSO (positive control) and/or different concentrations of compound (routinely 50 to 1.56 μM). As a negative control, the dialysed supernatant is replaced by Tris-HCl solution (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 2.5 mM CaCl2). The mixed reaction is then incubated overnight in a 37° C. shaking incubator. The reaction supernatant is recovered by centrifugation and the release of congo-red is measured by its absorbance at 495 nm (OD495nm).
Percentage inhibition is determined using the following equation:
((OD495 nm value of positive control−OD495nm value of negative control)−(OD495nm value of treated supernatant−OD495nm value of negative control))/(OD495nm value of positive control−OD495nm value of negative control)×100.
Results are shown in the Table below and categorised into A, B and C for both assays. The Ki values are grouped as A (Ki=0.00 to 0.05 μM), B (Ki=0.05 to 0.2 μM) and C (Ki=0.2 to 10.00 μM). Similarly, for the elastase hydrolysis assay, values are grouped into A (>80% inhibition), B (60 to 80% inhibition) and C (10 to 60% inhibition) all at 25 μM inhibitor concentration. (n.d. not determined).
For the following compounds the Ki values are grouped as A (Ki=0.00 to 0.050 μM), B (Ki=0.05 to 0.1 μM) and C (Ki=0.1 to 10.00 μM). Similarly, for the elastase hydrolysis assay, values are grouped into A (>75% inhibition), B (60 to 75% inhibition) and C (10 to 60% inhibition) all at 25 μM inhibitor concentration. (n.d. not determined).
The activity of compounds of the invention to inhibit LasB-mediated hydrolysis of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β was demonstrated using an enzymatic in vitro assay, using purified LasB and a reporter substrate (a FRET peptide mimicking the LasB IL-1β cleavage site). Hydrolysis of this FRET peptide was continuously monitored using a Victor multimode plate reader (Perkin Elmer) with excitation 355 nm and emission at 450 nm in the presence of varying concentrations of compounds of the invention. Inhibitory constants (Ki) were determined for certain compounds of the invention (at least 2 independent replicates) using a competitive inhibitor model. Results are shown in the table below.
Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of compounds of the invention in treating a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.
Mice were dosed by intranasal inoculation of PA (PAO1), then sacrificed after 24 hours. The extent of infection in the lung was quantified by bacterial load (CFU determination, colony forming units) and the levels of proinflammatory IL-1β. Statistical analysis on both readouts were performed by ANOVA with a Dunnett post-test.
Compounds were administered intravenously in a two-dose regimen (1 hour and 2 hours post infection) at two different doses (10 and 30 mg/kg). As shown in
As shown in
This example describes experiments showing that LasB impacted CFTR function in CF mutant cells can be mitigated by treatment with CFTR modulators and LasB inhibitors.
Wild Type human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and CF-mutant human bronchial epithelial cells (F508del-CFTR) are grown at 37° C. for 5 days and loaded onto 96-well plate cultures. The cells are loaded with blue membrane potential dye dissolved in chloride-free buffer. The plate is read in a fluorescence plate reader at 37° C. (excitation: 530 nM; emission; 560 nM). CFTR is stimulated with forskolin.
A control signal defined as 100% transmission is obtained from WT human bronchial epithelial cells alone. A minor suppression of forskolin-activated CFTR response is expected for such WT cells in the presence of LasB.
Moderate suppression in the forskolin-activated CFTR response will be observed for CF-mutant cells. This moderate suppression will be reduced by addition of a CFTR modulator such as VX-809 (lumacaftor).
Substantial suppression in the forskolin-activated CFTR response is expected for CF-mutant cells in the presence of LasB, even following the addition of a CFTR modulator, due to the deleterious effect of LasB on expressed CFTR protein. Addition of a LasB inhibitor such as the compound of Example 53 will therefore mitigate this deleterious effect and result in forskolin-activated CFTR response being substantially restored.
These effects are summarized in the table below:
Thus, a detrimental effect on CFTR function of LasB on the beneficial effects of CFTR modulators may be reversed by the addition of a LasB inhibitor such as the compound of Example 53.
These experiments measured the amount of CFTR protein expressed in airway cells under normal conditions and also exposed to 100 nM LasB. A reduction in CFTR protein expression was observed in LasB exposed cells compared to those grown under normal conditions. The effect of adding increasing concentrations of a LasB inhibitor (here the compound of Example 23) on this reduction of CFTR by LasB was then examined.
Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial (NHBE) airway cells were expanded in Pneumacult™ EX medium on plastic PureCol™ coated dishes. Cells were plated on Millicell inserts (200K/insert) and differentiated at air-liquid interface for 26 days in modified Lonza Medium. Prior to treatment, cells were washed in 1×DPBS buffer.
Treatments were 100 nM LasB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM Example 23 for 24 hrs. A stock solution of LasB (200 nM) was prepared in buffer containing 50 mM Tris HCL pH 7.4, 2.5 mM CaCl2 and 0.01% TritonX-100. A 20 mM stock solution of Example 23 was made in DMSO and sonicated for 10 minutes. The DMSO stock was diluted, 10 μL into 990 μL buffer, to give a 200 μM solution. This was further diluted 1 in 10 in buffer to give a 20 μM solution and then again diluted 1 in 10 to give a 2 μM solution. The solutions were mixed 1:1 with LasB (200 nM) to give the final concentrations of LasB and Example 23 as indicated above for addition to the cell cultures. 20 μl were applied apically to cell cultures for 24 hours before processing and analysis.
Analysis—CFTR Immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western Blotting (WB):
The cells were lysed with 1% NP-40 lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors (1 μg/ml leupeptin, 2 μg/ml aprotinin, 50 g/ml pefabloc, 121 μg/ml benzamidine, 3.5 μg/ml E64) and stored at −80° C. until IP/WB analysis. CFTR was immunoprecipitated with rabbit polyclonal antibody 155 against CFTR and bound to immobilized Protein A/Protein G agarose beads (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) and then eluted in 20 μl sample loading buffer. 15 μl were loaded on 4-20% gradient gels (BioRad Laboratories, Inc.) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Transferred membranes were blocked in blocking buffer (Odyssey) and then probed with CFTR antibodies 596 and 217 (CFTR Antibody Distribution Program, from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation) and then with IRDye 680-goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (Molecular Probes, Inc.). Anti-actin (Cell Signaling) was used as a loading control for a standard “house-keeping” protein. Protein bands were visualized using a Sapphire Biomolecular Imager (Azure Biosystems) and quantitated with AzureSpot Analysis Software.
Inhibitors of LasB such as the compound of Example 23 are able to counteract the reduction in CFTR expression caused by LasB in a dose-related manner, returning the CFTR level to a similar level as observed in the non-LasB exposed cells.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/057497 | 3/23/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62993842 | Mar 2020 | US |
