Patent Application
20110113786
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to combined cycle power plants and, more particularly, to a combined cycle power plant having an integrated Organic Rankin Cycle device.
In a combined cycle power plant (CCPP), a gas turbine drives a generator, which produces electricity. Waste heat from the gas turbine is used to generate steam in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), which, in turn, is used to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine. More specifically, a combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing engine or plant that employs more than one thermodynamic cycle. Heat engines, such as gas turbines, are only able to use a portion of the energy their fuel generates (usually less than 50%). Any remaining heat (e.g. hot exhaust fumes) from combustion is generally wasted. Combining two or more “cycles” such as a Brayton cycle (Gas) and a Rankine Cycle (Steam) results in improved output efficiency.
An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is similar to the cycle of a conventional steam turbine, except for the fluid that drives the turbine. In place of steam, the ORC employs a high molecular mass organic fluid. Some of the chemicals used in ORC's are Freon, butane, propane, ammonia, as well as many new environmentally friendly refrigerants. The selected working fluids allow system designers to exploit low temperature heat sources to produce electricity in a wide range of power outputs (from few kW up to 3 MW electric power per unit). For that reason, ORC's find wide use in geothermic heat pump systems. In a typical ORC the organic working fluid is vaporized by application of the heat source in an evaporator (ORC-EVA). The organic fluid vapor expands in a turbine (ORC-TUR) and then condensed using a flow of water in a condenser (ORC-CON) (alternatively, ambient air can be used for cooling). The condensed fluid is pumped back to the evaporator thus closing the thermodynamic cycle.
According to one aspect of the exemplary embodiment, a combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbomachine having a compressor portion and a turbine portion, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) operatively coupled to the turbine portion of the gas turbomachine, and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) device fluidly coupled to the HRSG. The ORC device includes an organic fluid passing through a closed loop system operatively coupled to a turbine. Heated fluid from the HRSG elevates a temperature of the organic fluid flowing through the closed loop system. Thermal energy from the organic fluid is converted to mechanical energy in the turbine.
According to another aspect of the exemplary embodiment, a method of operating a combined cycle power plant includes operating a gas turbomachine including a compressor portion and a turbine portion, passing hot gases from the turbine portion through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), transferring heat from the hot gases to a fluid passing through the HRSG to form heated fluid, passing the heated fluid to an organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) device having a closed loop organic fluid system, transferring heat from the heated fluid to organic fluid flowing through the closed loop organic fluid system in the ORC device to form heated organic vapor having thermodynamic energy, and converting the thermodynamic energy in the heated organic vapor to mechanical energy in a turbine operatively coupled to the closed loop system.
These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The detailed description explains embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.
With reference
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, organic Rankine cycle device 40 includes a first fluid system 45 that is arranged in a heat exchange relationship with a second, closed loop, fluid system 48. First fluid system 45 includes a supply conduit 58 that is operatively linked between second junction point 33 and an evaporator 60 that is integrated with second fluid system 48. A return conduit 62 passes from evaporator 60, through a pump 65, and back to first junction point 31. As will be discussed more fully below, fluid passing through first fluid system 45 is in a heat exchange relationship with an organic fluid that passes through second fluid system 48.
In further accordance with the embodiment shown, second fluid system 48 includes a pump 74 that is fluidly connected to evaporator 60 via a conduit 76. Evaporator 60 is, in turn, linked to a turbine 79 via a conduit 80. Turbine 79 is linked to a condenser 83 via a conduit 84. Condenser 83 is linked to pump 74 via a conduit 86 thereby closing second fluid system 48. Condenser 83 includes a cooling fluid circuit 90 that is coupled to a cooling device (not shown). Of course it should be understood that the particular type of cooling device can vary and could include water cooling, air cooled condensers, and the like. More specifically, pump 74 pressurizes the organic fluid flowing through second fluid system 48. The pressurized fluid passes through evaporator 60 and exchanges heat with fluid passing through first fluid system 45. The heated organic fluid passes through conduit 80 to turbine 79. Work is extracted from the heated fluid in turbine 79 and converted to, for example, mechanical energy that is employed to operate a mechanical device such as a generator, a water pump, an oil pump, an air compressor or the like (not shown). The heated organic fluid then passes to condenser 83 via conduit 84. At this point, cooling fluid coming from the cooling tower exchanges heat with the organic fluid. The organic fluid, now at a lower temperature, returns to pump 74 to restart the heat exchange cycle. At this point it should be understood that the location of various junction points in the exemplary embodiment could vary in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. For example, first junction point 31 is located at a position where exit temperature of economizer 26 is substantially similar to the temperature of fluid flowing through conduit 62.
Reference will now be made to
Organic Rankine Cycle device 140 includes a first fluid system 145 that is in a heat exchange relationship with a second, closed loop, fluid system 148. A supply conduit 158 extends between an outlet 159 of IP economizer 135 and an evaporator 160 that is integrated with second fluid system 148. A return conduit 162 extends from evaporator 160, to a pump 165, and then to first junction point 131. In a manner similar to that described above, heat entrained within the fluid passing through first fluid system 145 is exchanged with an organic fluid flowing through second fluid system 148 at evaporator 160.
Second fluid system 148 includes a pump 174 that is fluidly connected to evaporator 160 via a conduit 176. Evaporator 160 is also fluidly connected to a turbine 179 via a conduit 180. Turbine 179 is fluidly connected to a condenser 183 via a conduit 184. Condenser 183 is then fluidly connected to pump 174 via a conduit 186 thereby closing the second fluid system 148. Condenser 183 is also coupled to a cooling fluid circuit 190, which, in manner similar to that described above, is linked to a cooling device (not shown). Of course it should be understood that the particular type of cooling device can vary and could include water cooling, air cooled condensers, and the like. More specifically, pump 174 pressurizes the organic fluid flowing through second fluid system 148. The pressurized fluid passes through evaporator 160 and exchanges heat with fluid passing through first fluid system 145. The heated organic fluid passes through conduit 180 to turbine 179. Work is extracted from the heated fluid in turbine 179 and converted to, for example, mechanical energy that is employed to operate a mechanical device such as a generator, a water pump, an oil pump, an air compressor or the like (not shown). The heated organic fluid then passes to condenser 183 via conduit 184. At this point, cooling fluid coming from the cooling tower exchanges heat with the organic fluid. The organic fluid, now at a lower temperature, returns to pump 174 to restart the heat exchange cycle. At this point it should be understood that the location of various junction points in the exemplary embodiment could vary in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. That is, first junction point 131 could be located directly adjacent an inlet of economizer 126, adjacent an exit of economizer 128 or anywhere in-between.
Reference will now be made to
Organic Rankine Cycle device 240 includes a first fluid system 245 that is in a heat exchange relationship with a second, closed loop, fluid system 248. A supply conduit 258 extends from second junction point 233 to an evaporator 260 that is integrated with second fluid system 248. A return conduit 262 leads from a pump 265 back to first junction point 231. With this arrangement, heat entrained within fluid passing through first fluid system 145 is exchanged with an organic fluid flowing through second fluid system 248 in a manner that will be described more fully below.
Second fluid system 248 includes a pump 274 that is fluidly connected to evaporator 260 via a conduit 276. Evaporator 260 is, in turn, fluidly linked to a turbine 279 via a conduit 280. Turbine 279 is linked to a condenser 283 via a conduit 284. Condenser 283 is fluidly connected to pump 274 via a conduit 286 thereby closing second fluid system 248. Condenser 283 is in a heat exchange relationship with a cooling fluid circuit 290, which, in a manner similar to that described above, is linked to a cooling device (not shown). Of course it should be understood that the particular type of cooling device can vary and could include water cooling, air cooled condensers, and the like. In further accordance with the exemplary embodiment, combined cycle power plant 102 includes a fuel moisturization system 294 operatively coupled to HRSG 206. More specifically, fuel moisturization system 294 includes a first conduit 296 that is coupled to third junction point 235 and a second conduit 297 that is coupled to first junction point 231.
With this arrangement, pump 174 pressurizes the organic fluid flowing through second fluid system 148. The pressurized fluid passes through evaporator 160 and exchanges heat with fluid passing through first fluid system 145. The heated organic fluid passes through conduit 180 to turbine 179. Work is extracted from the heated fluid in turbine 179 and converted to, for example, mechanical energy that is employed to operate a mechanical device such as a generator, a water pump, an oil pump, an air compressor or the like (not shown). The heated organic fluid then passes to condenser 183 via conduit 184. At this point, cooling fluid coming from the cooling tower exchanges heat with the organic fluid. The organic fluid, now at a lower temperature, returns to pump 174 to restart the heat exchange cycle. Fuel moisturization system 294 saturates a dry-fuel supply to turbomachine 204 in a manner known in the art.
At this point it should be understood that the location of the various connection points illustrated in
With this arrangement, the exemplary embodiments take enhance energy extraction efficiencies associated with low temperature systems such as those employed in geothermal applications. That is, in contrast to lower efficiency steam systems the exemplary embodiment employs an Organic Rankine Cycle Device to enhance efficiencies associated with converting heat energy flowing through the low pressure economizer produced from, for example, a geothermal heat exchange system to power other systems such as, generators. Organic Rankine Devices typically have an elevated turbine efficiency, realize low mechanical stress on the turbine due to low peripheral speeds; provide low rpm output of the turbine thereby allowing direct drive of associated components such as generators without the need for additional costly components such as reduction drives; and realize low maintenance costs. That is, the absence of moisture in the organic Rankine cycle enhances turbine blade life. Without moisture, turbine blades tend not to wear or show erosion characteristics associated with steam systems.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
