This application claims priority to German Patent Application 102014213302.5 filed Jul. 9, 2014, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
In detail, the invention relates to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine having a head plate, to the inside of which heat shields are attached by means of bolted connections. The combustion chamber furthermore has a combustion chamber head.
A wide range of designs is known from the state of the art in which the combustion chamber head is welded to the combustion chamber wall. The combustion chamber head is here either manufactured as a complete ring by means of a casting method, or made in segments which are then welded together to form a complete ring and subsequently joined to the combustion chamber wall too by means of a welded connection. It is also known to shape the combustion chamber head out of sheet metal and bolt it to the combustion chamber outer wall. Designs of this type are known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,067 B2, US 2004/0045301 A1, JP 2004101174 A, U.S. Pat. No. 5,924,288 and EP 0 550 953 A1.
In the previously known designs, it has proved disadvantageous that cast or welded combustion chamber heads require a high production expenditure and hence entail high costs. A further disadvantage is that combustion chamber heads of this type are firmly connected to the combustion chamber so that replacement is not possible. The bolted combustion chamber heads known from the state of the art have the disadvantage that they are connected to the combustion chamber outer wall. This requires additional measures at the combustion chamber outer wall to permit the bolted connections, and this increases both, design expenditure and production expenditure.
The object underlying the present invention is to provide a combustion chamber of a gas turbine of the type specified at the beginning, which while being simply designed and easily and cost-effectively producible is characterized by an inexpensive and technically advantageous embodiment of the combustion chamber head.
It is a particular object to provide a solution to the above problems by a combination of features as disclosed herein. Further advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the present disclosure.
In accordance with the invention, it is thus provided that each heat shield and the combustion chamber head are fastened to the head plate by means of joint bolted connections.
The inventive solution is characterized by a variety of considerable advantages. In accordance with the invention, the head plates are bolted to the heat shield. For that purpose, threaded bolts are provided on the heat shields, which are mostly designed as castings, and are passed through recesses of the head plate and bolted from outside the combustion chamber interior. With the solution in accordance with the invention it is provided that some of these bolted connections are used to fasten the combustion chamber head. It is thus not necessary in accordance with the invention to take additional fastening measures. Instead, the already provided bolted connections for fastening the heat shield to the head plate can also be used for mounting and fastening the combustion chamber head. It is particularly advantageous here when each heat shield is connected to the head plate by means of several bolted connections, and only some of these bolted connections are used for fastening the combustion chamber head. During assembly of the combustion chamber, it is thus possible to mount the heat shields initially by means of individual bolted connections. Once the assembly work on the combustion chamber has progressed so far that the combustion chamber head can be fitted, the still remaining fastening points can be used for bolting the combustion chamber head and for the remaining fastenings of the heat shields. The combustion chamber head is here bolted to the head plate using the provided stud bolts of the heat shields.
It is particularly favourable when the combustion chamber head is provided with access recesses for access to the bolted connection. The combustion chamber head thus preferably has several access recesses to afford access to the threaded stud bolts of the head plate and to screw nuts onto them.
In a particularly advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the combustion chamber head in the area of the access recesses has fastening sleeves projecting into the interior of the combustion chamber head. These sleeves also double as spacers to be placed against the head plate. This results in precise alignment and assembly of the combustion chamber head. The fastening sleeves are preferably designed such that they are provided with air passage openings. This permits an even flushing of the combustion chamber head interior with cooling air.
In accordance with the invention, the combustion chamber head can be either designed as a complete ring or produced in segments. With segmented production, the individual segments can be bolted in the manner described above to the heat shield or the head plate, respectively.
In a particularly favourable development of the invention, it is provided that the combustion chamber head is manufactured by means of an additive production method, for example by means of a DLD process (direct laser depositioning). This results in a considerable reduction in the production costs. A weight optimization is also possible.
As mentioned above, the embodiment in accordance with the invention offers the option of bolting the combustion chamber head to the head plate and to the heat shield without additional parts being required. This results in a considerable weight reduction. Moreover, assembly is simplified and the overall manufacturing costs can be reduced.
The present invention is described in the following in light of the accompanying drawing showing an exemplary embodiment. In the drawing,
The gas-turbine engine 110 in accordance with
The intermediate-pressure compressor 113 and the high-pressure compressor 114 each include several stages, of which each has an arrangement extending in the circumferential direction of fixed and stationary guide vanes 120, generally referred to as stator vanes and projecting radially inwards from the engine casing 121 in an annular flow duct through the compressors 113, 114. The compressors furthermore have an arrangement of compressor rotor blades 122 which project radially outwards from a rotatable drum or disk 125 linked to hubs 126 of the high-pressure turbine 116 or the intermediate-pressure turbine 117, respectively.
The turbine sections 116, 117, 118 have similar stages, including an arrangement of fixed stator vanes 123 projecting radially inwards from the casing 121 into the annular flow duct through the turbines 116, 117, 118, and a subsequent arrangement of turbine blades 124 projecting outwards from a rotatable hub 126. The compressor drum or compressor disk 125 and the blades 122 arranged thereon, as well as the turbine rotor hub 126 and the turbine rotor blades 124 arranged thereon rotate about the engine center axis 101 during operation.
The combustion chamber head 3 is provided with access recesses 8 to permit bolting of the combustion chamber head 3 to the heat shield 4. The combustion chamber head furthermore has access recesses 9 by which access is afforded to the bolting points by means of which the heat shield 4 is bolted to the head plate 6.
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10 2014 213 302 | Jul 2014 | DE | national |
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Entry |
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German Search Report dated Apr. 22, 2015 from counterpart German App No. 10 2014 213 302.5. |
European Search Report dated Nov. 10, 2015 for related Application No. 15175908.1. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20160010869 A1 | Jan 2016 | US |