The invention relates to a combustion device according to the preamble of claim 1.
A combustion device is an apparatus for combusting burning material and comprises a combustion chamber in which the burning material is combusted. A large number of different burning materials are known in this respect, e.g. solid, liquid and gaseous burning materials, which can be combusted in respectively formed combustion devices.
It is disadvantageous in known combustion devices that the use of waste as burning material such as shredded plastic material or wood chips instead of the use of high-value burning materials such as natural gas or heating oil proves to be problematic. Waste materials as burning materials can be very inhomogeneous with respect to their composition or shape, which is why an only partial combustion may occur. Waste needs to be prepared for use as burning material, e.g. comminuted, or the combustion section must be provided with a respective length.
It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a combustion device of the type mentioned above with which the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided and which can also be operated very well with a highly inhomogeneous burning material.
This is achieved in accordance with the invention by the features of claim 1. This leads to the advantage that as a result of the special shape of the combustion device and especially the combustion chamber a variable dwell time of the burning material occurs in the case of an inhomogeneous burning material such as shredded plastic material or wood chips, wherein it can be ensured that the burning material remains in the combustion chamber until complete combustion has nearly been achieved. In this case, the combustion chamber is formed similar to a cyclone, wherein as yet non-combusted portions of the burning material are recirculated by the gas flow to a side wall of the burning chamber and are kept away from the exhaust gas opening. The burning material can only be carried by the gas flow to the exhaust gas opening when the burning material has been sufficiently combusted and falls beneath a predeterminable size. As a result of the orifice arranged on the bottom side and the flow which is directed upwardly, heavy parts of the burning material are also repeatedly introduced into the combustion process so that reliable combustion can be ensured. The combustion device can thus also be operated with highly inhomogeneous burning material, wherein the combustion device remains compact and simple in its configuration and shows high efficiency.
The invention further relates to a system for producing cement clinker from raw meal according to the preamble of claim 14.
In a system for the production of cement clinker, so-called raw meal is calcined in a multistage process and burned into cement clinker. Such a system may comprise a raw meal preheater for preheating the raw meal for example, wherein the raw meal preheater is connected to a rotary kiln. In order to optimise the output of the rotary kiln, which is an especially complex part of the system that requires a high level of maintenance, a precalciner burning device is provided which precalcines the raw meal before the introduction into the rotary kiln.
The invention further relates to a method for operating a combustion device according to the preamble of claim 15.
It is therefore the further object of the invention to provide a method of the kind mentioned above with which the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided and with which a combustion device can preferably be operated with inhomogeneous burning material.
This is achieved in accordance with the invention by the features of claim it
Advantages can thus be achieved which are analogous to the advantages of the combustion device.
The dependent claims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Express reference is hereby made to the wording of the claims, as a result of which the claims are inserted at this point into the description by way of reference and shall apply as being literally reproduced.
The invention will be explained below in closer detail by reference to the enclosed drawings which merely show preferred embodiments by way of example, wherein:
It is provided that the combustion chamber 2 comprises a first region 4, the first region 4 has a plurality of circular-segment-shaped cross-sections, which are parallel to each other and each have a circular centre point, wherein a connection of the circle centre points lies substantially on an axis 19, a gas supply line 5 is connected to the combustion chamber 2 in such a way that an orifice 6 is formed, the combustion chamber 2 has a mixing region 7 in the region of the orifice 6 for thorough mixing of gas supplied via the gas supply line 5 with gas rotating in the combustion chamber 2, and the orifice 6 is arranged on a bottom side of the combustion chamber 2 in an operating position, wherein gas supplied via the gas supply line 5 flows against the first region 4 tangentially from below.
By arranging the orifice 6 on the bottom side of the combustion cylinder 2, heavy parts of the burning material will automatically drop to the orifice 6 under the influence of gravity and are reliably supplied to the combustion process again by the gas flow directed from bottom to top without said parts being able to attach to the bottom side of the combustion chamber 2. Reliable combustion even of heavy components of an inhomogeneous burning material is thus reliably achieved.
The combustion chamber 2 can especially be arranged similar to a cyclone, wherein a gas flow can partly be deflected in the first region 4 around the axis 19 and can be returned to the mixing region 7 again. The first region can also be regarded as a deflection region of the gas flow. The tangential flow into the first region 4 from below means especially an inflow substantially transversely to the axis 19 and along a side wall 13 of the combustion chamber 2, wherein the inflow of the gas flow is directed in the operating position substantially upwardly, i.e. against gravity. A portion of the burning material with large spatial expansion, i.e. insufficiently combusted burning material, will circulate as in a cyclone on a side wall 13 of the combustion chamber 2 and can only escape in the case of sufficient combustion through the exhaust gas opening 8 from the combustion chamber 2.
The operating position is the position of the combustion device 1 in this case which is provided for the operation of the combustion device 1, e.g. as a part of a system 14 for producing cement clinker. The orifice can furthermore be arranged on the lowermost region of the combustion chamber 2.
It can be provided in an especially preferred manner that in the operating position the axis 19 encloses an angle of 0° to 40°, especially 0° to 30°, in relation to a horizontal plane. The axis 19 can therefore be substantially horizontal, wherein an inclination in relation to the horizontal plane of up to 40°, especially up to 30°, can be provided.
It can further be provided that the orifice 6 is arranged in such a way that an intended outflow direction of the gas from the orifice 6 has an angle 5° to 40°, especially 10 to 30°, in relation to the perpendicular.
It can further be provided in an especially preferred manner that in the operating position the orifice is arranged substantially beneath the axis 19.
The first region 4 can be formed in an especially preferred manner in form of a truncated-cone segment, especially in form of a cylinder segment. In the case of a first region 4 formed in the manner of a cylinder segment, the cross-sections are of substantially similar size. In this case, the axis 19, which is substantially formed as the connection of the circular centre points of the various cross-sections, can be the rotational axis of the truncated cone or cylinder whose form of the segment is comprised by the first region 4.
It can especially be provided in this case that the side wall 13 is formed in the first region 4 as part of a jacket surface of a rotational body such as a cone or a cylinder, and the axis 19 extends substantially along the rotational axis of said rotational body.
It is provided in a method for operating a combustion device 1 with a combustion chamber 2 that a gas flow flows into the combustion chamber 2 from below through an orifice 6 of a gas supply line 5 arranged on a bottom side of the combustion chamber 2, the gas flow that flows in from the gas supply line 5 is mixed with a gas rotating in the combustion chamber 2 in a mixing region 7 arranged in the region of the orifice 6, the gas flow flows tangentially against a first region 4 of the combustion chamber 2, wherein the first region 4 comprises a plurality of circular-segment-shaped cross-sections, which are parallel to each other and each have a circular centre point, wherein a connection of the circular centre points substantially lies on an axis 19, the gas flow is deflected in the first region 4 about the axis 19, and the gas flow is discharged again via an exhaust gas opening 8. It can especially be provided that an especially solid burning material is entrained by the gas flow, and the dwell time of a piece of the burning material is determined by the size of the piece of the burning material. The gas can especially contain oxygen, and especially preferably comprises at least 20% of oxygen. Furthermore, air can especially be used as a gas.
It can be provided according to the preferred embodiment in
It can especially be provided in this case that at least one further gas supply line 21 opens into the combustion chamber 2, especially in the second region 9. Additional gas which can be branched off from the gas supply line 5 for example can be introduced into the combustion chamber in order to optimise the combustion process and the resulting efficiency by feeding oxygen thereto. According to the preferred embodiment, it can be provided for example that the further gas supply line 21 opens into the side wall 13.
It can further be provided that a recirculation line branches off from the gas discharge line 20, which opens into the gas supply line 5 and/or the further gas supply line 21, wherein a portion of the gas flowing from the exhaust gas opening 8 can be conducted as recirculation gas back into the combustion chamber 2.
According to the illustrated preferred embodiment, the gas supply line 5, in particular immediately in front of the orifice 6, may comprise a bend. The gas supply line 5 can thus advantageously be supplied horizontally at first and an upwardly directed gas flow can still be produced.
It can be provided alternatively that the gas supply line 5 is formed in a straight manner.
It can further especially be provided that the circular-segment-shaped cross-sections of the first region 4 are larger than a semicircle. A closed circumferential orbit of the gas flow can be achieved very well by interaction of the first region 4 and the second region 9.
It is provided in an especially preferred manner that the exhaust gas opening is arranged spaced from the side wall 13. It can thus be prevented that heavy parts of the burning material, which dwell in the side wall 13 as a result of centrifugal forces, can exit through the exhaust gas opening 8.
It can further preferably be provided that the axis 19 intersects the exhaust gas opening 8. This reliably prevents the exit of excessively heavy parts of the burning material through the exhaust gas opening 8 because the heavy parts of the burning material are arranged closer to the side wall 13.
It is further provided in an especially preferred manner that a feeding device 10 for the burning material is arranged in the second region 9. The feeding device 10 for the burning material is used for introducing a burning material into the combustion chamber and can especially comprise an opening in the region of the orifice 6 of the gas supply line 5, through which opening the burning material can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2.
It can be provided in an especially preferred manner that burning material is supplied to the gas flow by means of the feeding device 10 for the burning material.
In particular, the feeding device 10 for the burning material can be formed for introducing a solid pourable burning material, especially a burning material which is inhomogeneous with respect to its size.
It can alternatively be provided that the burning material is introduced together with the gas flow via the gas supply line 5 to the combustion chamber 2.
It can further be provided that waste products with inhomogeneous piece sizes are used as the burning material. The burning material can comprise wood chips for example, and/or a pourable compound of shredded plastic waste made of disposable plastic bottles for example.
It can further be provided that the combustion chamber 2 comprises a feeding device 11 for a tempering medium. The feeding device 11 for the tempering medium is used for introducing a tempering medium, which tempering medium absorbs the thermal energy generated in the combustion device 1, and/or slows down the combustion speed of the burning material. The feeding device 11 for the tempering medium can especially comprise an opening in the region of the orifice 6 of the gas supply line 5, through which opening the tempering medium can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2.
It can be provided in this case that the tempering medium is supplied to the gas flow by means of the feeding device 11 for the tempering medium, and that the tempering medium flows off via the exhaust gas opening 8 again. It can especially be provided that a solid and pourable material is used as a tempering medium which extracts thermal energy from the gas flow in the combustion chamber 2. Poorly flammable gases such as low-oxygen process gases can further be used as a tempering medium.
It can be provided in an especially preferred way that the combustion chamber 2 comprises a first wall 3, and the circular-segment-shaped cross-sections of the first region 4 are arranged substantially parallel to the first wall 3. Good tangential inflow can thus be achieved, wherein a substantially constant flow velocity can be achieved in the first region.
It can be provided in an especially preferred way that the first wall 3 is flat and that the circular-segment-shaped cross-sections are parallel to the first wall. It can further be provided that the axis 19 stands normally to the first wall 3.
The first wall 3 can be formed alternatively in an uneven manner, e.g. conical or curved.
It can further be provided that the orifice 6 is arranged adjacent to the first wall 3. As indicated in
It can further be provided that the exhaust gas opening is arranged in the region of a second wall 12 situated opposite of the first wall 3. A long dwell time of the burning material in the combustion chamber 2 can thus be achieved.
The second wall 12 can especially be parallel to the first wall 3. It can further be provided that the side wall 13 connects the first wall 3 to the second wall 12, wherein the side wall 13 can especially be normal to the first wall 3 in the first region 4.
According to an embodiment (not shown) it can be provided alternatively that the second wall 12 is inclined in relation to the axis 19 in such a way that the combustion chamber 2 tapers in the first region 4 with increasing distance from the orifice 6.
It can be provided in an especially preferred manner that the first wall 3 is inclined in the operating position in relation to the perpendicular by an angle 5° to 30°, especially 5° to 15°, in such a way that at least a part of the combustion chamber 2 is arranged above the first wall 3. In particular, the axis 19 can enclose an angle of 5° to 40°, especially 10° to 30°, in relation to the horizontal plane. It can be achieved that larger and heavier parts of the burning material drop through gravity to the first wall 3 and are not extracted by suction to the exhaust gas opening 8.
The feeding device 11 for the tempering medium can especially be arranged at several positions. The position of the used feeding device 11 for the tempering medium can be selected on the basis of the composition of the burning material and the tempering medium.
According to the preferred embodiment, two or more feeding devices 11 for the tempering medium can be provided for example. A feeding device 11 for the tempering medium can be arranged for example on the side wall 13 in the mixing region 7. Furthermore, a feeding device 11 for the tempering medium can be arranged on the side wall 13 in the first region 4 for example. It can further be provided that the feeding device 11 for the tempering medium is arranged on the first wall 3 in the mixing region. In this case, the temperature of the gas is differently high in the different regions, e.g. the temperature of the gas in the mixing region 7 is still low, whereas it is higher in the first region 4. The effect of the tempering medium and the combustion process can thus additionally be controlled.
It can especially be provided according to an embodiment (not shown) that the feeding device 10 for the burning material is arranged closer to the first wall 3 than the feeding device 11 for the tempering medium. The burning material introduced into the gas flow can be corn busted at first without obstructions and can be provided with the tempering medium only when reaching a predeterminable temperature.
It can further be provided that a cross-section of the burning chamber 2 changes starting from the first wall 3.
It can be provided in an especially preferred manner that a cross-section of the burning chamber 2 tapers starting from the first wall 3. Larger pieces of the burning material are kept away from the second wall 12 at first and are combusted to a predeterminable size before they reach the region of the exhaust gas opening 8.
It can especially be provided according to an embodiment (not shown) that the exhaust gas opening 8 comprises a collar reaching into the combustion chamber 2. It can thus be prevented that burning material deposited on the second wall 12 is guided over the first wall 3 and is sucked into the exhaust gas opening 8.
It can further be provided that a gas discharge line 20 is connected to the combustion chamber 2 at the exhaust gas opening 8. The gas discharge line 20 can especially be formed as a further combustion section in which the parts of the burning material exiting from the exhaust gas opening 8 can combust further. Since the parts of the burning material entering the gas discharge line 20 are preferably unable to exceed a predeterminable size as a result of the shape of the combustion chamber 2, the length of the combustion section can be kept short, e.g. 10 m to 30 m.
It can further be provided that a further feeding device 11 for the tempering medium is arranged in the region of the exhaust gas opening 8. A further tempering medium can be introduced into the gas discharge line 20 and can be heated homogeneously by mixing and/or heat transfer with the gas or the tempering medium entering from the exhaust gas opening.
The combustion device 1 is especially suitable for a system 14 for producing cement clinker from raw meal with a raw meal preheater 15 comprising at least one cyclone stage for heating the raw meal, a precalciner burning device 16, a rotary kiln 17 and a clinker cooler 18. The raw meal is calcined and burned for producing the cement clinker. The combustion device 1 is arranged in an especially preferred way in the intended operating position.
The raw meal preheater 15 is used for preheating the raw meal before it reaches the rotary kiln 17. For this purpose, process gas emerging from the rotary kiln 17 can be conducted to the raw meal preheater 15. The raw meal preheater 15 can comprise several cyclones which are connected to each other in the manner of cascades and in which good heat transfer can occur.
The rotary kiln 17 comprises a rotating tube in which different regions can especially be provided, e.g. for burning or calcining the raw meal.
The heat of the finished cement clinker can be recuperated especially by a clinker cooler 18 arranged downstream of the rotary kiln 17.
The precalciner burning device 16 can precalcine at least portions of the raw meal prior to introduction into the rotary kiln 17.
It can be provided in an especially preferred way that the precalciner burning device 16 is formed as the combustion device 1 as described above. The raw meal can be used as a tempering medium for the combustion device 1, wherein it is precalcined by action of the heat. It can further be prevented by the shape of the combustion device 1 that insufficiently combusted burning material, e.g. pieces of waste materials, reach the raw meal and contaminate the same. Carbon monoxide pollution can be kept at a low level by the optimised combustion process.
The raw meal preheater 15 can especially be connected in this case to the feeding device 10 of the combustion device 1 for the tempering medium, wherein preheated raw meal is used as the tempering medium.
The rotary kiln 17 can be connected to a clinker cooler 18 in order to cool the cement clinker produced from the raw meal. It can especially be provided that the gas supply line 5 leads from the clinker cooler 18 to the combustion device 1. The heat obtained from the clinker cooler 18 is usually used for heating the gas flow, especially the combustion air.
It can further be provided that the exhaust gas opening 8 is connected to the raw meal preheater 15. In this case, the precalcined raw meal can be separated from the raw meal preheater 15 and introduced into the rotary kiln 17, wherein the gas flow heated by the combustion device 1 can further be used for preheating the raw meal in the raw meal preheater 15.
In accordance with
It can alternatively be provided that the raw meal preheater 15 is merely connected to the precalciner burning device 16 on the output side. The entire raw meal can substantially be precalcined by the precalciner burning device 16.
In accordance with
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
A 280/2013 | Apr 2013 | AT | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2014/000050 | 3/25/2014 | WO | 00 |