Priority is hereby claimed to International Application Serial No. PCT/SE02/00639 (International Publication no. WO 02/081886A1), filed 2 Apr. 2002, which International Application claims right of priority to Swedish Application Ser. No. 0101180-8, filed 3 Apr. 2001, the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a combustion engine comprising at least one combustion chamber, which is delimited at one end by ahead and delimited at a second end by a piston, the piston being arranged by means of a piston pin on a connecting rod, a body with a delimiting surface that is movable in relation to the piston pin and facilitates a variable volume in said combustion chamber, a compression spring, which spring acts on said surface with a spring force in the direction of the combustion chamber, a pressure chamber that cam be supplied via a feed duct with hydraulic oil from a pressure source, which pressure chamber is intended by means of the hydraulic oil to be able to influence movement of said movable delimiting surface with the aim of being able to adjust the size of the combustion chamber depending on the combustion pressure. The engines in which the invention is intended to be used are in particular car engines of different types such as diesel engines and petrol engines and perhaps principally engines of this kind in which supercharging occurs.
Combustion engines for cars are well known. They occur in various versions but four-stroke engines of various types are the most dominant. What is common to all engines is that they comprise one or more cylinders in which a piston can move up and down and drive a crankshaft to which they are connected depending on the pressure in the combustion chamber, which pressure changes between a vacuum and a very high momentary pressure. The pistons are normally provided with a transverse so-called piston pin, around which the connecting rod is supported rotatably, which connecting rod is supported at its other end around the crankshaft and drives this. In the cylinder chamber is lubricating oil, which is pumped round at a pressure of 4–5 bar and lubricates all surfaces that slide against one another.
A combustion engine develops its driving energy in that a fuel-air mixture is aspirated or introduced through pressure into a fuel chamber above the piston, a spark igniting the fuel-air mixture that is quickly combusted and produces a high pressure that presses the piston down, the downward movement of which is converted into a rotary movement in the crankshaft. The power tapping of the engine is dependent to a very high degree on the composition of the fuel-air mixture and the pressure in this prior to ignition. When the fuel-air mixture is compressed by the upward movement of the piston, the temperature in this increases and there is a risk that the mixture shall be ignited before the spark appears and thereby produce an undesirable combustion process. This premature ignition is called knocking and can easily be heard outside the engine. This problem is particularly great in turbocharged engines in which the fuel-air mixture is forced in instead of being aspirated. To avoid knocking etc. when feeding the fuel-air mixture, it is necessary to start out from an extremely low compression ratio. When driving a turbocharged car with low loading, for example, on normal main roads, there will be a vacuum in the inlet manifold. The vacuum and the fact that there is a low compression ratio in the engine from the outset means that the optimum combustion and economy that the fuel can actually provide are not obtained.
The ideal would be to have a compression pressure close to the knocking limit at all speeds and engine loads. Optimum combustion can thus be obtained in all conditions; a high compression ratio with low power tapping and a low ratio that permits turbocharging with high power tapping. This can be achieved with a variable compression chamber. It is previously known from DE 3714762 to use hydraulic adjustment to change/optimize the compression ratio during operation in such a manner. Claim 1 is delimited in relation to this immediately known art. DE 3714762, however, utilizes rigid hydraulic adjustment, i.e. adjustment that does not offer the possibility of automatic momentary adjustment of the compression ratio during operation. It is previously known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,552 to use a device that facilitates momentary adjustment, which is achieved by means of a spring that acts on the position of a movable delimiting surface of the piston depending on the counter pressure inside the combustion chamber. A solution according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,552 results in the great disadvantage, however, that in certain operating conditions unfavourable vibration can take place, which can lead to total destruction in the worst case. Thus such a solution is very difficult if not impossible to realize in practice.
Solution
According to the present invention, the aforementioned problems have been solved or at least minimized by making said pressure chamber communicate with an intake duct that always facilitates replenishment of hydraulic oil from said pressure source to the pressure chamber when the pressure in the pressure chamber falls below the pressure in the feed duct, and by providing said pressure channel with an outlet that communicates with at least one restricting device that continuously facilitates a flow of hydraulic oil out of the pressure chamber when the pressure in the pressure chamber exceeds the pressure in said outlet, so that damping of the movement of said body with said delimiting surface is obtained during operation.
The invention will be described below in greater detail with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which
A recess has been made in the piston 1 from its upper side and arranged in this according to the present invention is a body/adjusting piston 8. This adjusting piston 8 is sealed at the bottom by lower seals 9A that seal it at the bottom against the cylindrical inside of said recess. At the top, the adjusting piston 8 is provided with a further seal 9B that seals it against the inside of a sleeve-shaped part 70 that is fixed at the top inside said recess. The adjusting piston 8 is provided with a recess on its lower side into which a helical spring 10 has been inserted. The spring 10 rests against the bottom of this recess and the bottom of the recess in the piston 1. This helical spring 10 thus strives to move the adjusting piston 8 to its upper position and the spring force in this helical spring 10 must be overcome by the combustion pressure for the adjusting piston 8 to be able to be pressed down. Arranged at the lower end of the adjusting piston is a flange 8B that supports the seals 9. An annular gap space is formed between the flange 8B of the adjusting piston and the sleeve-shaped body 70, which space forms a type of pressure chamber. This space/pressure chamber 11 is intended to hold oil for damping the movements of the adjusting piston 8 up and down. This oil is supplied to the pressure chamber 11 from the space 5 in the piston pin 2 via a duct 12 and a nonreturn valve 13B. For the outlet of oil from the space 11 (when a certain pressure is exceeded inside the space 11) there is an outlet 14 comprising a restricting device 14A and a nonreturn valve 14B. When the oil leaves the outlet 14, it flows out on the outside of the piston 1. When there is oil pressure in the engine, the space 11 will be filled with oil.
An important difference between the embodiments is that according to
The present invention thus functions in the manner that the momentary pressure of combustion in the engine acts downwards on the adjusting piston 8 during a very short period of the engine's working cycle. The up and down movement of the adjusting piston 8 is damped by means of the oil, thanks to the restricting devices 13A, 14A for the inflow and outflow respectively to/from the pressure chamber 11.
For the remainder of the time, the mechanical spring strives to cause the adjusting piston to rise. As the spring operates for a long period relative to the actual combustion process, it is sufficient for the spring force to be 5–20 N/cm2 (where the intended surface is the entire upper surface of the piston) in the top dead centre, i.e. in the least compressed position of the spring.
A functional state of equilibrium is hereby achieved after a number of working cycles (strong pendulum motions that produce large losses are eliminated). The adjusting piston 8 will automatically adjust itself to the position that corresponds to the engine's filling level. (An increased filling level influences the pressure against the piston surface for the specific working cycle in contrast to an increased engine speed, for example.) This means that the adjusting piston 8 only changes its position in the event of a varied quantity of the fuel-air mixture admitted for the specific working cycle=filling level.
Due to the continuous motion of the adjusting piston 8 up and down, the risk of the sides of the adjusting piston wall drying out (sticking) is lessened. This so-called drying out is a known problem, with increased wear in the dried out area being the result.
As stated above, the position of the adjusting piston 8 is adjusted automatically depending on the work effort of the engine. It is perceived that this positional/equilibrium state is dependent on the opposing force exerted by the spring 10. The adjusting piston 8 tolerates a certain reduction in oil pressure without risk of engine damage.
In a simulated example of an engine according to the invention, pistons are used with a diameter of 80 mm for an Otto engine, i.e. a piston surface of approx. 50 cm2. The compression ratio is then between 1:8 and 1:17. Depending on various contributory variables, the optimum spring force in the starting position/top dead centre is then at least 400 N and in the maximum compressed position in certain cases up to 4000 N to obtain the desired power. The damping requirement, i.e. the restricting effect, was kept largely constant in the example studied at 200 kNs/m. Lower damping gives swifter positioning and higher damping gives smaller vibration losses. Great advantages can be obtained with an engine equipped according to the invention. By increasing the compression ratio from 1:10.5 to 1:18, the power in a simulated 1.6 liter engine increased under partial load from 8.2 to 11.0 kW.
If starting out from a small engine with turbocharging, very good performance can be obtained with variable compression, i.e. a high torque and a fuel saving of 30–40%. By only increasing the compression ratio under partial load, a fuel saving of 10–15% is achieved.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiments shown but can be varied in different ways within the scope of the claims. It is perceived amongst other things that springs of different types can be used and that these can be optimized in different ways in different applications. Furthermore, it is perceived that the opposing force from the spring 10 can advantageously be made adjustable in certain applications. According to the execution in
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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0101180 | Apr 2001 | SE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/SE02/00639 | 4/2/2002 | WO | 00 | 9/25/2003 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO02/081886 | 10/17/2002 | WO | A |
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2170266 | Leissner | Aug 1939 | A |
3311096 | Carney et al. | Mar 1967 | A |
3450112 | Bachle | Jun 1969 | A |
3667433 | Isley | Jun 1972 | A |
3704695 | Cronstedt | Dec 1972 | A |
4016841 | Karaba et al. | Apr 1977 | A |
4241705 | Karaba et al. | Dec 1980 | A |
5755192 | Brevick | May 1998 | A |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20040112311 A1 | Jun 2004 | US |