Patent Application
20140283762
This application is based on Japanese Patent Applications No. 2011-249240 filed on Nov. 15, 2011, and No. 2011-249239 filed on Nov. 15, 2011, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a combustion system in which reformed fuel is combusted in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
JP-2004-190586A describes a combustion system in which fuel is reformed by a catalyst of a reformer and the reformed fuel is injected into an intake pipe to be combusted in a combustion chamber. A combustion energy is increased and a fuel economy can be improved.
In the above combustion system, an ignition-type engine is used. When the combustion becomes unstable at a starting of the engine, a port injection is conducted to ignite the fuel. At the times other than the starting of the engine, the fuel is reformed to improve self-ignitionability thereof. The reformed fuel time is directly injected into a combustion chamber to be self-ignited. Non-reformed fuel which has not been reformed is also injected into the combustion chamber through an intake port. The reformed fuel and the non-reformed fuel are combusted at the same time. The reformed fuel flows through an intake pipe and is mixed with a fresh intake air to be cooled. In a case that ambient temperature is low and temperature of the reformed fuel supplied to a reformer is low, an ignitionability may be deteriorated.
In the above conventional combustion system, the fuel is reformed in order to improve the self-ignitionability. Meanwhile, the present inventor studied about the reformed fuel in order to increase the combustion energy of the fuel per unit quantity so that the fuel economy is improved.
For example, alcohol fuel (CH3—OH), such as methanol and ethanol, is reacted to water (H2) on a catalyst, whereby the fuel is changed into hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Such hydrogen and carbon monoxide are combusted as the reformed fuel.
However, according to the inventor's study, when the above fuel reform is conducted to improve the combustion energy, the self-ignitionability is deteriorated. It is becomes difficult to perform a compression self-ignition combustion of the reformed fuel.
The present invention is made in view of the above matters, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion system which can restrict a decreased of a temperature of the reformed fuel. Further, the combustion system can reform fuel without deteriorating a self-ignitionability thereof and can reduce heat loss that combustion heat energy is lost from a cylinder wall surface.
A combustion system includes a reformer which reforms a fuel on a catalyst so as to increase a combustion energy generated by the fuel per unit quantity of the fuel; and an injection unit which injects a reformed fuel and a non-reformed fuel in such a manner that the reformed fuel is annularly distributed along an inner circumferential wall of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and the non-reformed fuel is distributed inside of the annularly distributed reformed fuel.
The reformed fuel and the non-reformed fuel are combusted in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine at a substantially same time, and the non-reformed fuel is compressed self-ignited to be combusted and the reformed fuel is ignited by a combustion of the non-reformed fuel.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The same parts and components as those in each embodiment are indicated with the same reference numerals and the same descriptions will not be reiterated.
According to a first embodiment, a combustion system is applied to a stationary-type internal combustion engine, which functions as a driving source of an electric generator.
As shown in
The cylinder head 20 has an intake port 21 and an exhaust port 22. An intake inlet 21a of the intake port 21 is opened and closed by an intake valve 31, and an exhaust outlet 22a of the exhaust port 22 is opened and closed by an exhaust valve 32. An intake manifold 33 which distributes fresh air into each cylinder is connected to the intake port 21.
An exhaust manifold 34 (exhaust pipe) is connected to the exhaust port 22. A heat insulating material 34a is disposed between the exhaust port 22 of the cylinder head 20 and the exhaust manifold 34. Moreover, a collecting exhaust pipe 35 (exhaust pipe) is connected to a downstream of the exhaust manifold 34. A purifying device 36 which purifies NOx, HC, CO, etc. in exhaust gas is arranged in the collecting exhaust pipe 35.
A fuel injector 37 is provided to the cylinder head 20 with respect to each cylinder. Liquid fuel stored in a fuel tank 38 is pressure-fed to the fuel injector 37 by the fuel feed pump 39. When the fuel injector 37 is opened, the liquid fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber 12. It should be noted that above-mentioned liquid fuel is alcohol (for example, methanol CH3—OH). Furthermore, a part of the fuel supplied from the fuel feed pump 39 is reformed by a reformer 40. The reformed fuel is injected into the exhaust port 22, and then flows into the combustion chamber 12 through the exhaust port 22.
As above, air-fuel mixture of non-reformed fuel injected by the fuel injector 37 and intake air flowing through the intake port 21 is adiabatically compressed to be self-ignited in the combustion chamber 12. The non-reformed fuel is the alcohol fuel which has not been reformed by the reformer 40. Meanwhile, air-fuel mixture of the reformed fuel flowing into the combustion chamber 12 through the exhaust port 22 and the fresh air flowing into the combustion chamber 12 through the intake port 21 is ignited and combusted when the non-reformed fuel is self-ignited. That is, since a self-ignition temperature of the non-reformed fuel is lower than that of the reformed fuel, the non-reformed fuel tends to be self-ignited easier than the reformed fuel. Meanwhile, a minimum energy necessary for the reformed fuel to be ignited is smaller than that for the non-reformed fuel. According to the present embodiment, the non-reformed fuel is self-ignited first and then the reformed fuel is combusted.
The reformer 40 is arranged inside of the exhaust manifold 34. Referring to
The reformer 40 is provided with a wall 41 defining an exhaust passage 41a and a pipe 42 defining a fuel passage 42a. A catalyst is supported on an inner surface of the pipe 42. The wall 41 is made from ceramics of which performance of heat insulation is higher than metal. As shown by dashed-line arrows, the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 41a heats the catalyst, so that temperature of the catalyst becomes more than activation temperature. Further, as shown by solid-line arrows, the exhaust gas heats the fuel flowing through the fuel passage 42a.
The reformer 40 is provided with a header pipe 43 which distributes the fuel to each of the fuel passages 42a and a footer pipe 44 in which the fuel is converged from the fuel passages 42a. It should be noted that the reformer 40 is provided to each cylinder and the fuel is supplied to the header pipe 43 from a distribution pipe 60.
The header pipe 43 has an inlet port 43a through which the exhaust gas flows thereinto. A reed valve 43b (check valve) is provided to the inlet port 43a. Thereby, the exhaust gas flows into the fuel in the header pipe 43. On the catalyst disposed inner surface of the pipe 42, the liquid fuel (methanol CH3—OH) supplied from the header pipe 43 reacts with water contained in the exhaust gas, whereby the liquid fuel is reformed into hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). That is, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are the reformed fuel, which flows into the combustion chamber 12 through the exhaust port 22.
A reformed-fuel pipe 45 is connected to the footer pipe 44. The reformed fuel flows through the reformed-fuel pipe 45 toward the exhaust outlet 22a of the exhaust port 22. A part of the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is inserted into the cylinder head 20. A downstream opening end 45a of the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is arranged in vicinity of the exhaust outlet 22a. Therefore, the fuel reformed by the reformer 40 flows through the reformed-fuel pipe 45 to be injected into a vicinity of the exhaust outlet 22a.
As shown in an
Moreover, as shown in
Furthermore, a part of the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is arranged in the water jacket 20w of the exhaust port 22. Thereby, the reformed fuel and the coolant perform a heat exchange therebetween. That is, the reformed fuel which is heated by the exhaust gas in the reformer 40 is cooled by the coolant flowing through the water jacket 20w.
The supply valve 62 and the fuel injector 37 are operated by an electronic control unit (ECU) 70. Hereafter, a valve-opening-time control of the supply valve 62 will be described, referring to
When the exhaust stroke ends at a time of “t1”, the exhaust valve 32 is closed. Then, in the intake stroke immediately after the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve 32 is opened at a time of “t2”. Then, the exhaust valve 32 is closed at a time of “t3”. That is, the exhaust valve 32 is closed during the exhaust stroke and the intake stroke in one combustion cycle. In a period from “t1” to “t2”, the supply valve 62 which supplies the fuel to the reformer 40 is opened.
Therefore, during the exhaust stroke, the exhaust gas is discharged from the two exhaust outlets 22a and 22b as shown by arrows in
It should be noted that the reformed fuel which flows into the combustion chamber 12 through the exhaust outlet 22a flows along an inner circumferential wall 10a of a cylinder, as shown by an arrow “Y2” in
Therefore, during the combustion stroke, the combustion of the reformed fuel occurs at a vicinity of the inner circumferential wall 10a of the cylinder (halftone dot hatch-way portion in
A specific configuration in which the reformed fuel flows along the inner circumferential wall 10a will be explained in detail.
In the following description, one of exhaust outlets 22a, 22b through which the reformed fuel flows into the combustion chamber 12 is referred to as a reformed-fuel inlet port 22a, hereinafter. One of exhaust ports 22 which defines a passage for introducing the reformed fuel to the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is referred to as an introduction port, hereinafter. A long dashed short dashed line L1 in
A part of the introduction port 22 which is adjacent to the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is formed in such a manner as to extend in a direction of the above tangent line “L1”. This portion is denoted by a numeral “22P” in
When the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is opened to introduce the reformed fuel into the combustion chamber 12, the other exhaust outlet 22b is closed. Therefore, a speed of the air flow at a vicinity of the reformed-fuel inlet port 22 can be increased more than a case where both exhaust outlets 22a, 22b are opened. Therefore, the reformed fuel can annularly flow along the inner circumferential wall 10a.
A part of the intake port 21 which is adjacent to the intake inlet 21a is formed in such a manner as to be apart from the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a. This portion is denoted by a numeral “21P”. That is, the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is not located on a central line “L3” of the portion 21P of the intake port 21. Therefore, it is avoided that a fresh intake air (an arrow “Y3” in
Furthermore, a part of the introduction port 22 which is adjacent to the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is formed in such a manner as to be adjacent to the inner circumferential wall 10a. This portion is denoted by a numeral “22P” in
Furthermore, an opening area of the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is set larger than that of the other exhaust outlet 22b. Thus, the flow velocity of the air at a vicinity of the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is increased, whereby the reformed fuel can annularly flow along the inner circumferential wall 10a with high reliability.
According to the present embodiment, the alcohol fuel is reformed by the reformer 40. A combustion temperature of the reformed fuel (CO, H2) is lower than that of the non-reformed fuel (CH3—OH). Since the reformed fuel is annularly distributed along the inner circumferential wall 10a and the non-reformed fuel is distributed at a center of the annularly distributed reformed fuel, the non-reformed fuel is compressed to be self-ignited at the center of the combustion chamber 12 and the reformed fuel is ignited at a vicinity of the inner circumferential wall 10a. That is, the self-ignited combustion with high temperature occurs at a center of the cylinder and the self-ignite combustion with low temperature occurs at a vicinity of the inner circumferential wall 10a.
Therefore, according to present embodiment, a heat loss that the combustion heat is lost to the cylinder block 10 can be reduced more than a case where a self-ignite combustion with high temperature occurs at a vicinity of the inner circumferential wall 10a.
Furthermore, since the reformed fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 through the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a, the reformed fuel is mixed with the exhaust gas of which oxygen concentration is low to be combusted. Therefore, since the combustion-temperature of the reformed fuel can be lowered, the heat loss that the combustion heat is lost to the cylinder block 10 can be restricted. It should be noted that the reformed fuel is combusted at a lean condition of which air-fuel ratio is greater than a stoichiometric ratio and the non-reformed fuel is combusted at the stoichiometric ratio or more. The reformed fuel is established as lean more than the non-reformed fuel.
According to the present embodiment described above, following advantages can be further obtained. That is, since the reformed fuel is injected into the exhaust port 22 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 12 through the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a, the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is arranged at a vicinity of the exhaust manifold 34. Thus, it is restricted that the reformed fuel is cooled in the reformed-fuel pipe 45. Furthermore, since the reformed fuel is not mixed with fresh intake air until the reformed fuel flows into the combustion chamber 12, it can be avoided that the reformed fuel is cooled by the fresh intake air. As described above, even when the fuel supplied to the reformer 40 has low temperature, it is restricted that the reformed fuel is further cooled to deteriorate its ignitionability.
If the temperature of the reformed fuel becomes excessively high by the exhaust gas, the reformed fuel may be self-ignited. According to the present embodiment, in order to avoid such a self-ignition of the reformed fuel, the reformed fuel in the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is cooled by the engine coolant and the fuel which has not been reformed yet. Furthermore, since the fuel which has not been reformed is heated by the reformed fuel in the heat exchanger 46, the reforming efficiency on a catalyst can be improved.
Since the reformer 40 is arranged in the exhaust manifold 34, the temperature of the reformer 40 can be increased greater than the activation temperature by using of the exhaust gas. Thus, the temperature of the catalyst can be easily increased without using any additional heater. The fuel temperature in the reformer 40 can be increased, whereby the reforming efficiency can be improved.
Since the heat insulating material 34a is disposed between the cylinder head 20 and the exhaust manifold 34, the temperature rise of the reformer 40 is accelerated and the reforming efficiency can be improved. It should be noted that the exhaust gas temperature falls by performing a heat exchange with the reformer 40. The temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the purifying device 36 falls. Therefore, even in a case that the heat insulating material 34a is interposed, it can be avoided that the purifying device 36 is overheated to be damaged.
Since the wall 41 defining the exhaust passage 41a is made of ceramics, the reformed 40 can be maintained at high temperature to improve the reforming efficiency.
Since the supply valve 62 is prohibited to be opened during a stroke other than the intake stroke, it can be avoided that the reformed fuel injected to the exhaust port 22 flows out to the exhaust manifold 34 without flowing through the exhaust outlet 22a.
In a period from “t1” to “t2”, the supply valve 62 which supplies the fuel to the reformer 40 is opened. Therefore, a time period during which the fuel supplied from the reformer 40 is retained in the fuel passage 42a can be prolonged, whereby the reforming efficiency can be improved. Moreover, a time period from the liquid fuel is supplied from the supply valve 62 until the liquid fuel flows into the exhaust outlet 22a can be prolonged, the liquid fuel can be fully vaporized.
In the above first embodiment, the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is opened once during the intake stroke, as shown in
According to a second embodiment, the reformed-fuel inlet port 22a is opened and closed multiple times during one intake stroke. Thus, since the reformed fuel flows into the combustion chamber 12 intermittently, the reformed fuel can be annularly distributed as shown by the halftone dot hatch way “W” in
According to a third embodiment, an internal combustion engine has only one reformed-fuel inlet port 220a, as shown in
According to the above, it can be restricted that that the reformed fuel flowed into the combustion chamber 12 through the reformed-fuel inlet port 220a collides with the inner circumferential wall 10a. Thus, it is expedited that the reformed fuel flows along the inner circumferential wall 10a (an arrow “Y2”) immediately after the reformed fuel flows into the combustion chamber 12 from the reformed-fuel inlet port 220a (an arrow “Y1”) and collides with the inner circumferential wall 10a. Therefore, even though the internal combustion engine has only one reformed-fuel inlet port 220a, the reformed fuel can be annularly distributed along the inner circumferential wall 10a.
Moreover, the downstream opening end 45a of the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is arranged eccentrically relative to the central line “L20”. According to the above embodiment, it is accelerated that the reformed fuel flows along the inner circumferential wall 10a.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may be performed, for example, in the following manner. Further, the characteristic configuration of each embodiment can be combined.
In the above embodiments, the exhaust gas is mixed with the fuel which will be supplied to the reformer 40, whereby water component required for reforming is mixed with the fuel. However, instead of the above, water may be mixed with the fuel previously stored in the fuel tank 38. That is, instead of the alcohol, the alcohol water may be stored in the fuel tank 38. According to this, the reed valve 43b is unnecessary.
Although the reformed fuel is injected into the exhaust port 22 in the above embodiment, the reformed fuel may be injected into the exhaust manifold 34 or the collecting exhaust pipe 35. It is preferable that the reformed fuel is injected into a portion which is closer to the exhaust outlet 22a than the reformer 40. The reformed fuel less remain without being introduced through the exhaust outlet 22a.
Although the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is connected to the exhaust port 22 and the reformed fuel flows through the exhaust outlet 22a, 220a in the above embodiments, the reformed-fuel pipe 45 may be connected to the intake port 21 and the reformed fuel may be introduced through the intake inlet 21a. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the injection quantity of the reformed fuel so that the reformed fuel is combusted in a lean condition.
Although the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is connected to the exhaust port 22 and the reformed fuel flows through the exhaust outlet 22a, 220a in the above embodiments, the reformed-fuel pipe 45 may be connected to the combustion chamber 12 and the reformed fuel may be directly introduced into the combustion chamber 12.
Although the reformer 40 is arranged inside of the exhaust manifold 34 in the above embodiments, the reformer 40 may be arranged inside of the collecting exhaust pipe 35. In this case, only one reformer 40 is necessary. Moreover, the reformer 40 may be arranged outside of the exhaust pipe 34, 35.
The above described combustion system can be applied to an internal combustion engine mounted to an automobile. In this case, when the engine is started in a cold state, it is preferable that the reformed fuel in the reformed-fuel pipe 45 is less cooled by the coolant so as not to deteriorate the ignitionability. For example, an electromotive water pump 30 is employed. The water pump 30 is turned off when the engine is started in the cold state. Alternatively, the discharge amount of the water pump 30 is reduced.
Also, in a case that a mechanical water pump 30 is employed, the rotating speed of the water pump 30 is relatively low since the engine speed is also low in the cold state. Thus, the circulating flowing quantity of the coolant also decreases and the reformed fuel is less cooled by the coolant. A deterioration in ignitionability can be reduced.
Although one supply valve 62 is provided to multiple reformers 40 in the above embodiment, the supply valve 62 may be provided to every reformer 40. According to this, the reforming efficiency is improved and the vaporization of a liquid fuel is expedited.
Regarding the exhaust valve, an open-valve lift amount in an exhaust stroke and an open-valve lift amount in an intake stroke are established equal to each other in the above embodiments. However, the open-valve lift amount in an intake stroke may be made larger than the open-valve lift amount in an exhaust stroke. According to this configuration, since a flow velocity of the reformed fuel through the exhaust outlet 22a can be made higher, it is avoided that the reformed fuel injected into the exhaust port 22 remains in the exhaust port 22 without flowing through the exhaust outlet 22a. In the above described embodiments, the fuel injector 37 and the reformed-fuel pipe 45 correspond to an injection unit for injecting the reformed fuel and the non-reformed fuel.
