Claims
- 1. A blade for a comminution machine, comprising:
at least one tooth having an attack face facing in a direction so as to confront materials to be comminuted when said blade is rotated about a rotary axis of said blade, said attack face including a bursting point which protrudes from said attack face for breaking mineral materials; said attack face being positioned at an outer surface of said blade and facing in the direction of rotation of said blade; and a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line, said receding surface having shear edges radially inward of said tooth for shearing shearable materials.
- 2. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said receding surface extends inwardly for a distance which is at least equal to the radial dimension of said attack face.
- 3. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said receding surface extends for at least 30 degrees in front of said attack face.
- 4. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said attack face is provided on a replaceable tooth.
- 5. A blade as in claim 4, wherein said receding surface is provided on at least one replaceable wear plate.
- 6. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said bursting point is at a radial outer extremity of said attack face.
- 7. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said receding surface extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line for a distance such that a horizontal gullet in front of said attack face is open and unobstructed by said blade in an angular position of said bursting point which is at least 30° in advance of a 12 o'clock position of said bursting point.
- 8. A blade as in claim 7, wherein said attack face of said tooth recedes inwardly from a base of said bursting point, and said receding surface recedes inwardly from a base of said attack face of said tooth.
- 9. A blade as in claim 8, wherein said receding surface is generally planar.
- 10. A blade as in claim 8, wherein said receding surface includes at least one additional bursting point.
- 11. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said blade includes two of said attack faces approximately 180° apart, and wherein a receding surface extends from each said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line for at least 30 degrees in front of each said attack face.
- 12. A blade as in claim 11, wherein each said receding surface meets a trailing surface at a corner, and for a at least a portion of the rotation of the blade, materials can be crushed and sheared by the trailing surface.
- 13. A blade as in claim 1, wherein said receding surface extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line to a point at which said surface is tangent to said axis of said blade.
- 14. A blade for a comminution machine, comprising:
at least one attack face facing in a direction so as to confront materials to be comminuted when said blade is rotated about a rotary axis of said blade, said attack face being positioned at a radially outer surface of said blade and facing generally in the direction of rotation of said blade; wherein said attack face is provided on a replaceable tooth of said blade and wherein said blade further includes at least one surface receding radially inwardly from said attack face for a distance which is at least equal to a radial dimension of said attack face of said tooth.
- 15. A blade as in claim 14, wherein said tooth has a bursting point and shear edges and said receding surface is provided on a replaceable wear plate and has shear edges.
- 16. A blade for a comminution machine, comprising:
at least one attack face facing in a direction so as to confront materials to be comminuted when said blade is rotated about a rotary axis of said blade, said attack face being positioned at a radially outer surface of said blade and facing in the direction of rotation of said blade; wherein said attack face includes a bursting point which projects from said attack face, said bursting point being positioned on a radially outer side of said attack face relative to said axis of said blade.
- 17. A blade as in claim 16, wherein a surface on said attack face recedes inwardly and forwardly from a base of said bursting point.
- 18. A blade as in claim 17, wherein a receding surface of said blade recedes inwardly from the base of the attack face, and said attack face and said receding surface have shear edges.
- 19. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said bursting point directs materials radially inwardly for at least a portion of a bite cycle of said blade.
- 20. A blade as in claim 19, wherein said bursting point is provided on a tooth of said blade, and wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends radially inwardly from said attack face of said tooth.
- 21. A blade as in claim 20, wherein said receding surface urges materials radially outwardly for at least a portion of a bite cycle of said blade.
- 22. A blade as in claim 20, wherein said receding surface forms shear edges.
- 23. A blade as in claim 22, wherein said attack face forms shear edges.
- 24. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said attack face is provided on a tooth of said blade and wherein said blade further includes at least one surface receding radially inwardly from said attack face for a distance which is at least equal to a radial dimension of said attack face of said tooth.
- 25. A blade as in claim 24, wherein said receding surface forms shear edges.
- 26. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said blade includes at least two of said attack faces.
- 27. A blade as in claim 26, wherein each said attack face has a receding surface extending from it.
- 28. A blade as in claim 27, wherein said receding surfaces form shear edges.
- 29. A blade as in claim 28, wherein said attack faces have shear edges.
- 30. A blade as in claim 29, wherein said receding surfaces include bursting points.
- 31. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line for at least 30 degrees in front of said attack face.
- 32. A blade as in claim 31, wherein said receding surface forms shear edges.
- 33. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line to a point at which said surface is tangent to said axis of said blade.
- 34. A blade as in claim 33, wherein said receding surface forms shear edges.
- 35. A blade as in claim 16, wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line and said receding surface includes at least one additional bursting point.
- 36. A blade as in claim 16, wherein a plane of compression which is a horizontal plane at which said bursting point can begin to compress materials presented to it is positioned at an angular position of said bursting point which is greater than 45° in advance of a 12 o'clock position of said bursting point.
- 37. A blade for a comminution machine, comprising:
at least one attack face facing in a direction so as to confront materials to be comminuted when said blade is rotated about a rotary axis of said blade, said attack face being positioned at a radially outer surface of said blade and facing in the direction of rotation of said blade; wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line to a point at which said surface is tangent to said axis of said blade.
- 38. A blade as in claim 37, wherein said surface continues past said point at which said surface is tangent to said axis.
- 39. A blade as in claim 37, wherein said tangent point of said receding surface is approximately 45 degrees from a point on said attack face.
- 40. A blade as in claim 39, wherein said point on said attack face is on said bursting point.
- 41. In a comminution machine having a blade including a tooth carrier and a tooth detachably affixed to the carrier, the improvement wherein the tooth has a drive face opposite from an attack face of the tooth, said attack face being a face of said tooth which confronts materials to be comminuted as said blade is turned by said machine, a securing pin extending in a bore in said tooth from said attack face to beyond said drive face, a bore in said carrier into which said securing pin extends, and a drive face formed on said carrier which confronts said drive face of said tooth, said securing pin being secured in said bores and said tooth being secured to said carrier by a bolt which extends into said bore in said carrier and is threaded axially into an inner end of said pin.
- 42. The improvement of claim 41, further comprising a dirt protector and locking cap which is secured to said carrier over a head of said bolt, said cap including pins which abut said head of said bolt to prevent turning of said bolt.
- 43. The improvement of claim 41, further including wear plates detachably connected to said carrier, and wherein said wear plates are secured to said carrier using pins which extend through side walls of said wear plates and through said carrier.
- 44. The improvement of claim 43, wherein said pins securing said wear plates are affixed relative to said wear plates and carrier by a spring clip.
- 45. The improvement of claim 44, wherein each said spring clip is captured between an axially facing surface of said carrier and an axially facing surface of said wear plate.
- 46. The improvement of claim 41, wherein said attack face of said tooth has a point, and is rearwardly raked from said point.
- 47. The improvement of claim 46, wherein said attack face is rearwardly raked from said point to another surface on said attack face which is forwardly raked.
- 48. The improvement of claim 47, wherein said forwardly raked surface forms shear edges with side surfaces of said tooth.
- 49. The improvement of claim 41, further including wear plates detachably connected to said carrier, and wherein at least one of said wear plates define a tooth structure.
- 50. The improvement of claim 49, wherein each said wear plate is secured to said carrier using at least one pin which extends through side walls of said wear plate and through said carrier.
- 51. The improvement of claim 50, wherein said pins securing said wear plates are affixed relative to said wear plates and carrier by a spring clip.
- 52. The improvement of claim 51, wherein said spring clip is captured between an axially facing surface of said carrier and an axially facing surface of said wear plate.
- 53. The improvement of claim 41, further comprising a key provided on said tooth and a corresponding recess in said carrier to receive said key so as to help orient and retain said tooth.
- 54. In a comminution machine having a blade including a tooth carrier and a tooth detachably affixed to the carrier, the improvement wherein the tooth has a drive face opposite from an attack face of the tooth, said attack face being a face of said tooth which confronts materials to be comminuted as said blade is turned by said machine, a shank extending from said drive face, a bore in said carrier into which said shank is inserted, and a drive face formed on said carrier around said bore which confronts said drive face of said tooth, said shank being secured in said bore by a pin which is inserted transversely to the axis of said shank through said carrier and which interferes with said shank in said bore.
- 55. The improvement of claim 54, wherein said pin is affixed by a spring clip which is captured in a counter bore around the hole in which said pin is inserted.
- 56. A blade for a comminution machine, comprising:
at least one attack face facing in a direction so as to confront materials to be comminuted when said blade is rotated about a rotary axis of said blade; said attack face being positioned at a radially outer surface of said blade and facing in the direction of rotation of said blade; wherein said blade further includes a receding surface which extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line for at least 30 degrees in front of said attack face.
- 57. A blade as in claim 56, wherein said receding surface extends inwardly for a radial distance which is at least equal to the radial dimension of said attack face.
- 58. A blade as in claim 56, wherein a bursting point is provided on said attack face and said receding surfaces have shear edges.
- 59. A blade as in claim 56, wherein said attack face is provided on a replaceable tooth.
- 60. A blade as in claim 59, wherein said receding surface is provided on at least one replaceable wear plate.
- 61. A blade as in claim 56, wherein said attack face defines a bursting point at a radial outer extremity of said attack face.
- 62. A blade as in claim 61, wherein said attack face is provided includes shear edges and is provided on a replaceable tooth, and said receding surface is provided on at least one replaceable wear plate, said wear plate having shear edges at the edges of said receding surface.
- 63. A blade as in claim 62, wherein said attack face of said tooth recedes inwardly from a base of said bursting point, and said receding surface recedes inwardly from a base of said attack face of said tooth.
- 64. A blade as in claim 63, wherein said receding surface is generally planar.
- 65. A blade as in claim 63, wherein said receding surface includes at least one additional bursting point.
- 66. A blade as in claim 56, wherein said blade includes two of said attack faces approximately 180° apart, and wherein a receding surface extends from each said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line for at least 30 degrees in front of each said attack face.
- 67. A blade as in claim 66, wherein each said receding surface meets a trailing surface at a corner, and for a at least a portion of the rotation of the blade, materials can be crushed and sheared by the trailing surface.
- 68. A blade as in claim 56, wherein said receding surface extends from said attack face in a direction directed inwardly from a tangent line to a point at which said surface is tangent to said axis of said blade.
- 69. A comminuting machine having at least one comminuting blade as claimed in any of the preceding claims.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/244,828 filed Oct. 30, 2000.
PCT Information
Filing Document |
Filing Date |
Country |
Kind |
PCT/US01/48282 |
10/30/2001 |
WO |
|