Patent Application
20230368669
The following disclosure relates to communication apparatuses and communication methods for geolocation-based broadcast message, and more particularly to communication apparatuses and communication methods for geolocation-based broadcast message for vulnerable road users.
Sidelink (SL) communication allows vehicles to interact with public roads and other road users through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications, and is thus considered a critical factor in making autonomous vehicles a reality. Other SL applications include P2P or I2P (infrastructure to pedestrian, or R2P roadside unit to pedestrian) communications.
Further, 5G NR based SL communications (interchangeably referred to as NR SL communications) is being discussed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to identify technical solutions for advanced V2X services, through which vehicles (i.e. interchangeably referred to as communication apparatuses or user equipments (UEs) that support V2X applications) can exchange their own status information through SL with other nearby vehicles, infrastructure nodes and/or pedestrians. The status information includes information on position, speed, heading, etc.
However, there has been no discussion on communication apparatuses and methods for geolocation-based broadcast message for vulnerable road users.
There is thus a need for communication apparatuses and methods that provide feasible technical solutions for geolocation-based broadcast messages for vulnerable road users. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the disclosure.
Non-limiting and exemplary embodiment facilitates providing communication apparatuses and methods for geolocation-based broadcast messages for vulnerable road users.
According to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication apparatus comprising: circuitry, which in operation, identifies a geographical zone based on a location of the communication apparatus; and a transmitter, which in operation, transmits a signal based on the geographical zone.
According to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication method comprising: identifying a geographical zone based on a location of a communication apparatus; and transmitting a signal based on the geographical zone.
It should be noted that general or specific embodiments may be implemented as a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, a storage medium, or any selective combination thereof.
Additional benefits and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will become apparent from the specification and drawings. The benefits and/or advantages may be individually obtained by the various embodiments and features of the specification and drawings, which need not all be provided in order to obtain one or more of such benefits and/or advantages.
Embodiments of the disclosure will be better understood and readily apparent to one of ordinary skilled in the art from the following written description, by way of example only, and in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been depicted to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the illustrations, block diagrams or flowcharts may be exaggerated in respect to other elements to help to improve understanding of the present embodiments.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals and characters in the drawings refer to like elements or equivalents.
3GPP has been working at the next release for the 5th generation cellular technology, simply called 5G, including the development of a new radio access technology (NR) operating in frequencies ranging up to 100 GHz. The first version of the 5G standard (rel. 15) was completed at the end of 2017, which allows proceeding to 5G NR standard-compliant trials and commercial deployments of smartphones. A recent version (rel. 16) was released in June 2020, which brings IMT-2020 submission for an initial full 3GPP 5G system to its completion and enabling more advanced features for sidelink communications.
Among other things, the overall system architecture assumes an NG-RAN (Next Generation—Radio Access Network) that comprises gNBs, providing the NG-radio access user plane (SDAP/PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE. The gNBs are interconnected with each other by means of the Xn interface. The gNBs are also connected by means of the Next Generation (NG) interface to the NGC (Next Generation Core), more specifically to the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) (e.g. a particular core entity performing the AMF) by means of the NG-C interface and to the UPF (User Plane Function) (e.g. a particular core entity performing the UPF) by means of the NG-U interface. The NG-RAN architecture is illustrated in
The user plane protocol stack for NR (see e.g. 3GPP TS 38.300, section 4.4.1) comprises the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol, see section 6.4 of TS 38.300), RLC (Radio Link Control, see section 6.3 of TS 38.300) and MAC (Medium Access Control, see section 6.2 of TS 38.300) sublayers, which are terminated in the gNB on the network side. Additionally, a new access stratum (AS) sublayer (SDAP, Service Data Adaptation Protocol) is introduced above PDCP (see e.g. sub-clause 6.5 of 3GPP TS 38.300). A control plane protocol stack is also defined for NR (see for instance TS 38.300, section 4.4.2). An overview of the Layer 2 functions is given in sub-clause 6 of TS 38.300. The functions of the PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers are listed respectively in sections 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2 of TS 38.300. The functions of the RRC layer are listed in sub-clause 7 of TS 38.300. Further, sidelink communications is introduced in 3GPP TS 38.300 v16.3.0. Sidelink supports UE-to-UE direct communication using the sidelink resource allocation modes, physical-layer signals/channels, and physical layer procedures (see for instance section 5.7 of TS 38.300).
For instance, the Medium-Access-Control layer handles logical-channel multiplexing, and scheduling and scheduling-related functions, including handling of different numerologies.
The physical layer (PHY) is for example responsible for coding, PHY HARQ processing, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and mapping of the signal to the appropriate physical time-frequency resources. It also handles mapping of transport channels to physical channels. The physical layer provides services to the MAC layer in the form of transport channels. A physical channel corresponds to the set of time-frequency resources used for transmission of a particular transport channel, and each transport channel is mapped to a corresponding physical channel. For instance, the physical channels are PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel), PUSCH(Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and PUCCH(Physical Uplink Control Channel) for uplink and PDSCH(Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PDCCH(Physical Downlink Control Channel) and PBCH(Physical Broadcast Channel) for downlink. Further, physical sidelink channels include Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) and Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).
Use cases/deployment scenarios for NR could include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communication (mMTC), which have diverse requirements in terms of data rates, latency, and coverage. For example, eMBB is expected to support peak data rates (20 Gbps for downlink and 10 Gbps for uplink) and user-experienced data rates in the order of three times what is offered by IMT-Advanced. On the other hand, in case of URLLC, the tighter requirements are put on ultra-low latency (0.5 ms for UL and DL each for user plane latency) and high reliability (1-10−5 within 1 ms). Finally, mMTC may preferably require high connection density (1,000,000 devices/km2 in an urban environment), large coverage in harsh environments, and extremely long-life battery for low cost devices (15 years).
Therefore, the OFDM numerology (e.g. subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbol duration, cyclic prefix (CP) duration, number of symbols per scheduling interval) that is suitable for one use case might not work well for another. For example, low-latency services may preferably require a shorter symbol duration (and thus larger subcarrier spacing) and/or fewer symbols per scheduling interval (aka, TTI) than a mMTC service. Furthermore, deployment scenarios with large channel delay spreads may preferably require a longer CP duration than scenarios with short delay spreads. The subcarrier spacing should be optimized accordingly to retain the similar CP overhead. NR may support more than one value of subcarrier spacing. Correspondingly, subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz . . . are being considered at the moment. The symbol duration Tu and the subcarrier spacing Δf are directly related through the formula Δf=1/Tu. In a similar manner as in LTE systems, the term “resource element” can be used to denote a minimum resource unit being composed of one subcarrier for the length of one OFDM/SC-FDMA symbol.
In the new radio system 5G-NR for each numerology and carrier a resource grid of subcarriers and OFDM symbols is defined respectively for uplink and downlink. Each element in the resource grid is called a resource element and is identified based on the frequency index in the frequency domain and the symbol position in the time domain (see 3GPP TS 38.211 v16.3.0).
In particular, the gNB and ng-eNB host the following main functions:
The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) hosts the following main functions:
Furthermore, the User Plane Function, UPF, hosts the following main functions:
Finally, the Session Management function, SMF, hosts the following main functions:
RRC is a higher layer signaling (protocol) used for UE and gNB configuration. In particular, this transition involves that the AMF prepares the UE context data (including e.g. PDU session context, the Security Key, UE Radio Capability and UE Security Capabilities, etc.) and sends it to the gNB with the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST. Then, the gNB activates the AS security with the UE, which is performed by the gNB transmitting to the UE a SecurityModeCommand message and by the UE responding to the gNB with the SecurityModeComplete message. Afterwards, the gNB performs the reconfiguration to setup the Signaling Radio Bearer 2, SRB2, and Data Radio Bearer(s), DRB(s) by means of transmitting to the UE the RRCReconfiguration message and, in response, receiving by the gNB the RRCReconfigurationComplete from the UE. For a signaling-only connection, the steps relating to the RRCReconfiguration are skipped since SRB2 and DRBs are not setup. Finally, the gNB informs the AMF that the setup procedure is completed with the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE.
The URLLC use case has stringent requirements for capabilities such as throughput, latency and availability and has been envisioned as one of the enablers for future vertical applications such as wireless control of industrial manufacturing or production processes, remote medical surgery, distribution automation in a smart grid, transportation safety, etc. Ultra-reliability for URLLC is to be supported by identifying the techniques to meet the requirements set by TR 38.913. For NR URLLC in Release 15, key requirements include a target user plane latency of 0.5 ms for UL (uplink) and 0.5 ms for DL (downlink). The general URLLC requirement for one transmission of a packet is a BLER (block error rate) of 1E-5 for a packet size of 32 bytes with a user plane latency of 1 ms.
From the physical layer perspective, reliability can be improved in a number of possible ways. The current scope for improving the reliability involves defining separate CQI tables for URLLC, more compact DCI formats, repetition of PDCCH, etc. However, the scope may widen for achieving ultra-reliability as the NR becomes more stable and developed (for NR URLLC key requirements). Particular use cases of NR URLLC in Rel. 15 include Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR), e-health, e-safety, and mission-critical applications.
Moreover, technology enhancements targeted by NR URLLC aim at latency improvement and reliability improvement. Technology enhancements for latency improvement include configurable numerology, non slot-based scheduling with flexible mapping, grant free (configured grant) uplink, slot-level repetition for data channels, and downlink pre-emption. Pre-emption means that a transmission for which resources have already been allocated is stopped, and the already allocated resources are used for another transmission that has been requested later, but has lower latency/higher priority requirements. Accordingly, the already granted transmission is pre-empted by a later transmission. Pre-emption is applicable independent of the particular service type. For example, a transmission for a service-type A (URLLC) may be pre-empted by a transmission for a service type B (such as eMBB). Technology enhancements with respect to reliability improvement include dedicated CQI/MCS tables for the target BLER of 1E-5.
The use case of mMTC (massive machine type communication) is characterized by a very large number of connected devices typically transmitting a relatively low volume of non-delay sensitive data. Devices are required to be low cost and to have a very long battery life. From NR perspective, utilizing very narrow bandwidth parts is one possible solution to have power saving from UE perspective and enable long battery life.
As mentioned above, it is expected that the scope of reliability in NR becomes wider. One key requirement to all the cases, and especially necessary for URLLC and mMTC, is high reliability or ultra-reliability. Several mechanisms can be considered to improve the reliability from radio perspective and network perspective. In general, there are a few key potential areas that can help improve the reliability. Among these areas are compact control channel information, data/control channel repetition, and diversity with respect to frequency, time and/or the spatial domain. These areas are applicable to reliability in general, regardless of particular communication scenarios.
For NR URLLC, further use cases with tighter requirements have been identified such as factory automation, transport industry and electrical power distribution, including factory automation, transport industry, and electrical power distribution. The tighter requirements are higher reliability (up to 10-6 level), higher availability, packet sizes of up to 256 bytes, time synchronization down to the order of a few μs where the value can be one or a few μs depending on frequency range and short latency in the order of 0.5 to 1 ms in particular a target user plane latency of 0.5 ms, depending on the use cases.
Moreover, for NR URLLC, several technology enhancements from the physical layer perspective have been identified. Among these are PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) enhancements related to compact DCI, PDCCH repetition, increased PDCCH monitoring. Moreover, UCI (Uplink Control Information) enhancements are related to enhanced HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and CSI feedback enhancements. Also PUSCH enhancements related to mini-slot level hopping and retransmission/repetition enhancements have been identified. The term “mini-slot” refers to a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) including a smaller number of symbols than a slot (a slot comprising fourteen symbols).
The 5G QoS (Quality of Service) model is based on QoS flows and supports both QoS flows that require guaranteed flow bit rate (GBR QoS flows) and QoS flows that do not require guaranteed flow bit rate (non-GBR QoS Flows). At NAS level, the QoS flow is thus the finest granularity of QoS differentiation in a PDU session. A QoS flow is identified within a PDU session by a QoS flow ID (QFI) carried in an encapsulation header over NG-U interface.
For each UE, 5GC establishes one or more PDU Sessions. For each UE, the NG-RAN establishes at least one Data Radio Bearers (DRB) together with the PDU Session, and additional DRB(s) for QoS flow(s) of that PDU session can be subsequently configured (it is up to NG-RAN when to do so), e.g. as shown above with reference to
In the present disclosure, an application server (for example, V2X Application Server in
Power saving for UEs has been discussed in rel.17 V2X WID (RP-201385). Power saving enables UEs with battery constraint to perform sidelink operations in a power efficient manner. Rel-16 NR sidelink is designed based on the assumption of “always-on” when UE operates sidelink, e.g., only focusing on UEs installed in vehicles with sufficient battery capacity. Solutions for power saving in Rel-17 are required for vulnerable road users (VRUs) in V2X use cases and for UEs in public safety and commercial use cases where power consumption in the UEs needs to be minimized.
According to ETSI TR 103 300-1, the following types of road users are considered as vulnerable road users.
The classification in Annex 1 of Regulation (EU) 168/2013 [i.8] may also be considered.
For the safety concern of VRUs as shown in the above list, the most fundamental step is the detection of the VRU presence. ETSI TS103 300-2 presents various use cases concerning VRU presence detection as follows:
From a radio perspective, a broadcast to indicate a VRU's presence would be necessary to alert vehicle UEs (V-UEs) to take caution.
Further, it is not clear how a VRU-UE should trigger SL broadcast to indicate its presence. For example, in LTE-V2X, a BSM (basic safety message) is broadcasted by vehicular UEs at a periodicity of at least 10 ms. However, it is not suitable for the VRU-UEs to keep broadcasting as they may not be required to transmit broadcast at safer places, e.g., at home, in offices, etc. in order to reduce power consumption.
To address the above issue, broadcasts may be triggered when a VRU-UE enters or is inside a certain geographical zone. The geographical zones may be categorized by a parameter associated with danger levels. The VRU-UE identifies its geographical zone through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) checking. Advantageously, VRU-UEs can be configured to transmit broadcasts in geographical zones that are considered more dangerous and not transmit in safe geographical zones, thus saving power for the VRU-UEs.
A parameter “DangerZoneIndicator” may be (pre-)configured to VRU-UEs for geographical zones, for instance
A VRU-UE should periodically check the associated geographical zone and/or DangerZoneIndicator by using its GNSS location and pre-loaded map data. The VRU-UE should then do a SL broadcast if it is inside a danger zone (i.e. DangerZoneIndicator=0). It will be appreciated that the values for the DangerZoneIndicator may be configured in other ways. For example, a value of 0 may indicate a safe zone, while a value of 1 may indicate a danger zone instead. Further, the parameter name is not limited to DangerZoneIndicator and may be named differently. The parameter may be indicated by RRC, MAC or even PHY layer signalling.
The DangerZoneIndicator may indicate one of multiple values instead of just 0 or 1, for example, the DangerZoneIndicator may indicate a value based on a degree of danger of the associated geographical zone:
As can be seen in illustrations 700 and 800 of
In an example, a hysteresis region or zone (e.g., 1 m) can also be configured at the boundaries between two geographical zones. In some situations, a VRU-UE may frequently zone switch between two zones, for example as shown in the zigzag pattern of illustration 900 in
Transmission of a message or signal indicating a geographical zone by a VRU-UE may be configured to be more frequent when the VRU-UE is in a more dangerous zone. In detail, an operation to achieve this would be using a multiplier parameter or (pre-)configured periodic timings. For example, a parameter “drxCycleMultiplier” may be used. The parameter “drxCycleMultiplier” can be a parameter list and linked with different danger levels to multiply with existing discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles, for example:
It will be appreciated that the parameter name is not limited to drxCycleMultiplier and may be named differently.
In urban areas, there is usually dense population and many VRUs (i.e.
pedestrians) may gather in business districts or commercial zones. This may result in high chances of traffic collision and huge waste of resources if all VRU-UEs wish to broadcast its presence. Thus, a listen-before-talk (LBT) period can be designed for VRU-UEs for power saving and/or resource efficiency purposes. A VRU-UE would not transmit its safety message or signal or indicate its presence if a broadcast from other VRU-UE in proximity is detected within its LBT period. It can be realized by higher layer (i.e. Operation A) or physical layer (i.e. Operation B).
Under Operation A, a parameter “SL-LBTperiod” may be (pre-)configured or predefined to a VRU UE indicating a LBT period that is prior to a VRU-UE's transmission occasion i.e. prior to transmission of a message or signal indicating an associated geographical zone. The VRU-UE would receive other UEs' SL transmission in its LBT period. The decoding results are reported to higher layer (MAC or RRC) and the respective higher layer would then decide whether to perform the consequent SL broadcast i.e. whether to transmit the message or signal indicating the associated geographical zone. It will be appreciated that the parameter name is not limited to SL-LBTperiod and may be named differently.
Under Operation B, geo-location/zone specific resources may be (pre-) configured for different geographical zones. All VRU-UEs within the same zone should use the same specific resource to indicate its presence i.e. use the same resource to transmit the message or signal indicating an associated geographical zone.
Further, an LBT period may be (pre-)configured or predefined to a VRU-UE under Operation B. The LBT period may include the VRU-UE's last transmission occasion. If the VRU-UE receives other UE's indication in the same zone (determined by GNSS location), the VRU-UE will not broadcast its presence in the subsequent transmission occasions.
Various functions and operations of the communication apparatus 1400 are arranged into layers in accordance with a hierarchical model. In the model, lower layers report to higher layers and receive instructions therefrom in accordance with 3GPP specifications. For the sake of simplicity, details of the hierarchical model are not discussed in the present disclosure.
As shown in
The communication apparatus 1400, when in operation, provides functions required for geolocation-based broadcast message for vulnerable road users. For example, the communication apparatus 1400 may be a UE, V-UE or VRU-UE, and the circuitry 1414 may, in operation, identify a geographical zone based on a location of the communication apparatus 1400. The transmitter 1402 may, in operation, transmit a signal based on the geographical zone.
The circuitry 1414 may be further configured to identify the geographical zone based on a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location of the communication apparatus 1400 and pre-loaded map data. The geographical zone may be associated with either a danger zone or a safe zone, and wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to transmit the signal when the geographical zone is associated with a danger zone.
The geographical zone may be associated with one of a plurality of danger levels, and wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to transmit the signal based on the associated danger level. Each danger level of the plurality of danger levels may be associated with a power saving mode, and wherein the circuitry 1414 may be further configured to activate a power saving mode for the communication apparatus 1400 that is the same as a power saving mode associated with the associated danger level. Each danger level of the plurality of danger levels may be associated with a multiplier parameter or pre-configured periodic timing, wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to transmit the signal at a periodicity based on the multiplier parameter or pre-configured periodic timing. The circuitry 1414 may be further configured to multiply a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle associated with the communication apparatus 1400 with the multiplier parameter, and wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to transmit the signal based on the multiplied DRX cycle. The associated danger level may indicate how dangerous the geographical zone is, and wherein the transmitter may be further configured to transmit the signal more or less frequently if the associated danger level indicates the geographical zone as more or less dangerous. The geographical zone may be grid-shaped, flexible-shaped and/or includes an altitude of the communication apparatus 1400.
A hysteresis region may be designated at a boundary between two geographical zones, such that the signal may be transmitted less frequently when the communication apparatus is frequently zone switching between the two geographical zones.
The receiver 1404 may, in operation, receive another signal from another communication apparatus at a predefined period prior to the transmission of the signal, wherein the circuitry 1414 may be further configured to decode the another signal for a determination by a higher layer on whether to transmit the signal; and wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to transmit the signal based on the determination.
The receiver 1404 may, in operation, receive another signal from another communication apparatus at a predefined period prior to the transmission of the signal, the another signal indicating another geographical zone, wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to not transmit the signal if the another geographical zone is the same as the geographical zone.
Each geographical zone may be allocated a zone-specific resource, such that the communication apparatus 1400 may use a zone-specific resource allocated to the geographical zone for transmission of the signal, and/or another communication apparatus may use the zone-specific resource allocated to the geographical zone for transmission of another signal, the another signal indicating another geographical zone, if the another geographical zone is the same as the geographical zone. The receiver 1404 may, in operation, receive the another signal from the another communication apparatus at a predefined period prior to transmission of the signal, wherein the transmitter 1402 may be further configured to not transmit the signal if it is determined that the another signal is transmitted using the zone-specific resource allocated to the geographical zone.
The signal may be a broadcast indicating the geographical zone. The communication apparatus 1400 may be a vulnerable road user equipment (VRU-UE).
(Control Signals)
In the present disclosure, the downlink control signal (information) related to the present disclosure may be a signal (information) transmitted through PDCCH of the physical layer or may be a signal (information) transmitted through a MAC Control Element (CE) of the higher layer or the RRC. The downlink control signal may be a pre-defined signal (information).
The uplink control signal (information) related to the present disclosure may be a signal (information) transmitted through PUCCH of the physical layer or may be a signal (information) transmitted through a MAC CE of the higher layer or the RRC. Further, the uplink control signal may be a pre-defined signal (information). The uplink control signal may be replaced with uplink control information (UCI), the 1st stage sildelink control information (SCI) or the 2nd stage SCI.
(Base Station)
In the present disclosure, the base station may be a Transmission Reception Point (TRP), a clusterhead, an access point, a Remote Radio Head (RRH), an eNodeB (eNB), a gNodeB (gNB), a Base Station (BS), a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a base unit or a gateway, for example. Further, in side link communication, a terminal may be adopted instead of a base station. The base station may be a relay apparatus that relays communication between a higher node and a terminal. The base station may be a roadside unit as well.
(Uplink/Downlink/Sidelink)
The present disclosure may be applied to any of uplink, downlink and sidelink.
The present disclosure may be applied to, for example, uplink channels, such as PUSCH, PUCCH, and PRACH, downlink channels, such as PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH, and side link channels, such as Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).
PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PUCCH are examples of a downlink control channel, a downlink data channel, an uplink data channel, and an uplink control channel, respectively. PSCCH and PSSCH are examples of a sidelink control channel and a sidelink data channel, respectively. PBCH and PSBCH are examples of broadcast channels, respectively, and PRACH is an example of a random access channel.
(Data Channels/Control Channels)
The present disclosure may be applied to any of data channels and control channels. The channels in the present disclosure may be replaced with data channels including PDSCH, PUSCH and PSSCH and/or control channels including PDCCH, PUCCH, PBCH, PSCCH, and PSBCH.
(Reference Signals)
In the present disclosure, the reference signals are signals known to both a base station and a mobile station and each reference signal may be referred to as a Reference Signal (RS) or sometimes a pilot signal. The reference signal may be any of a DMRS, a Channel State Information—Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS), and a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).
(Time Intervals)
In the present disclosure, time resource units are not limited to one or a combination of slots and symbols, and may be time resource units, such as frames, superframes, subframes, slots, time slot subslots, minislots, or time resource units, such as symbols, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, or other time resource units. The number of symbols included in one slot is not limited to any number of symbols exemplified in the embodiment(s) described above, and may be other numbers of symbols.
(Frequency Bands)
The present disclosure may be applied to any of a licensed band and an unlicensed band.
(Communication)
The present disclosure may be applied to any of communication between a base station and a terminal (Uu-link communication), communication between a terminal and a terminal (Sidelink communication), and Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication. The channels in the present disclosure may be replaced with PSCCH, PSSCH, Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH), PSBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PBCH.
In addition, the present disclosure may be applied to any of a terrestrial network or a network other than a terrestrial network (NTN: Non-Terrestrial Network) using a satellite or a High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS). In addition, the present disclosure may be applied to a network having a large cell size, and a terrestrial network with a large delay compared with a symbol length or a slot length, such as an ultra-wideband transmission network.
(Antenna Ports)
An antenna port refers to a logical antenna (antenna group) formed of one or more physical antenna(s). That is, the antenna port does not necessarily refer to one physical antenna and sometimes refers to an array antenna formed of multiple antennas or the like. For example, it is not defined how many physical antennas form the antenna port, and instead, the antenna port is defined as the minimum unit through which a terminal is allowed to transmit a reference signal. The antenna port may also be defined as the minimum unit for multiplication of a precoding vector weighting.
As described above, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an advanced communication system, communication methods and communication apparatuses for geolocation-based broadcast message for vulnerable road users that advantageously enables power saving in VRU-UEs.
The present disclosure can be realized by software, hardware, or software in cooperation with hardware. Each functional block used in the description of each embodiment described above can be partly or entirely realized by an LSI such as an integrated circuit, and each process described in the each embodiment may be controlled partly or entirely by the same LSI or a combination of LSIs. The LSI may be individually formed as chips, or one chip may be formed so as to include a part or all of the functional blocks. The LSI may include a data input and output coupled thereto. The LSI here may be referred to as an IC, a system LSI, a super LSI, or an ultra LSI depending on a difference in the degree of integration. However, the technique of implementing an integrated circuit is not limited to the LSI and may be realized by using a dedicated circuit, a general-purpose processor, or a special-purpose processor. In addition, a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after the manufacture of the LSI or a reconfigurable processor in which the connections and the settings of circuit cells disposed inside the LSI can be reconfigured may be used. The present disclosure can be realized as digital processing or analogue processing. If future integrated circuit technology replaces LSIs as a result of the advancement of semiconductor technology or other derivative technology, the functional blocks could be integrated using the future integrated circuit technology. Biotechnology can also be applied.
The present disclosure can be realized by any kind of apparatus, device or system having a function of communication, which is referred as a communication apparatus.
The communication apparatus may comprise a transceiver and processing/control circuitry. The transceiver may comprise and/or function as a receiver and a transmitter. The transceiver, as the transmitter and receiver, may include an RF (radio frequency) module including amplifiers, RF modulators/demodulators and the like, and one or more antennas.
Some non-limiting examples of such communication apparatus include a phone (e.g, cellular (cell) phone, smart phone), a tablet, a personal computer (PC) (e.g, laptop, desktop, netbook), a camera (e.g, digital still/video camera), a digital player (digital audio/video player), a wearable device (e.g, wearable camera, smart watch, tracking device), a game console, a digital book reader, a telehealth/telemedicine (remote health and medicine) device, and a vehicle providing communication functionality (e.g., automotive, airplane, ship), and various combinations thereof.
The communication apparatus is not limited to be portable or movable, and may also include any kind of apparatus, device or system being non-portable or stationary, such as a smart home device (e.g, an appliance, lighting, smart meter, control panel), a vending machine, and any other “things” in a network of an “Internet of Things (IoT)”.
The communication may include exchanging data through, for example, a cellular system, a wireless LAN system, a satellite system, etc., and various combinations thereof.
The communication apparatus may comprise a device such as a controller or a sensor which is coupled to a communication device performing a function of communication described in the present disclosure. For example, the communication apparatus may comprise a controller or a sensor that generates control signals or data signals which are used by a communication device performing a communication function of the communication apparatus.
The communication apparatus also may include an infrastructure facility, such as a base station, an access point, and any other apparatus, device or system that communicates with or controls apparatuses such as those in the above non-limiting examples.
It will be understood that while some properties of the various embodiments have been described with reference to a device, corresponding properties also apply to the methods of various embodiments, and vice versa.
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present disclosure as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects illustrative and not restrictive.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10202010503R | Oct 2020 | SG | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SG2021/050416 | 7/15/2021 | WO |
