Patent Grant
9178709
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a communication device and a communication system for transmitting a content such as a program or data selected by a user to a user terminal via a network (a communication path).
2. Background Art
Conventionally, systems for distributing video programs, audio programs, and the like from a server via a network (a communication path) to a terminal used by a user (hereinafter, referred to as program distribution systems) have been put to practical use. One example of those systems is a program distribution system which is utilized in airplanes (hereinafter, referred to as an airplane program distribution system). By the airplane program distribution system, a passenger (a user) uses a terminal equipped in a user's seat in order to select a desired program from programs distributed from a video server equipped in an airplane, and to watch and listen to the program.
One of the technical methods for distributing a large number of the programs via a network is IP Multicast using the Internet Protocol (IP). The IP Multicast is a system for transmitting identical data to multiple designated recipients in the network. Hereinafter, in this description, distribution of a program to multiple users by using the IP is referred to as IP Multicast, and distribution of a program to multiple users in a general sense is referred to merely as Multicast. On the other hand, not like Multicast, a method for designating a single recipient and transmitting data to the unique recipient is called Unicast.
The IP Multicast is used, for example, in a case where a frame is transmitted from a single transmitting node such as a server to multiple receiving terminals. For instance, the IP Multicast is used in a case where a video program transmitted from a video server is watched and listened to by a plurality of terminals.
A transmitting node transmits a frame to a specific group. A transmitting node for Multicast transmits only one frame, and the frame is duplicated by a router at some midpoint to be distributed to receiving terminals. The router at some midpoint duplicates the frame only in a case where a receiver of Multicast exists in a different interface. Therefore, only one frame having the same contents is transmitted to where the frame is requested. Accordingly, network bands are able to be efficiently used, and the frame is duplicated by the routers which are dispersedly positioned on the network, so that the loads can be dispersed.
IP Multicast is defined in RFC2236 and RFC1112, and IP addresses of class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) are reserved for use as Multicast addresses. If communication is performed to these addresses over Multicast, simultaneous transmission to nodes belonging to a Multicast group (address) is performed.
In order to join an (appropriate) multicast group, a protocol of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is applied. The IGMP is used when a receiving terminal host joins or leaves the group or when information regarding the group is exchanged between IP Multicast routers. Using the IP Multicast system, a group is formed for each video program, then communication using IP Multicast is performed, and a user joins a Multicast group regarding a video program which the user wishes to watch or listen to, so that the user can watch and listen to the desired program.
The program distribution unit 1000 transmits all distributable programs using IP Multicast (hereinafter, the transmitting program is referred to as a program stream).
For example, the program B1 uses a Multicast IP address 224.0.0.1, the program B2 uses a Multicast IP address 224.0.0.2, the program B3 uses a Multicast IP address 224.0.0.3, and the program B4 uses a Multicast IP address 224.0.0.4. This means that a group of programs is formed for each IP address.
Generally, in IP Multicast, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used at the fourth layer (Transport layer) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. More specifically, the Ethernet® is used at the second layer (Data link layer) of the OSI model, and re-transmission is performed using the IP at the third layer (Network layer) of the OSI model in order to be realized as a so-called stream transmission.
All programs are transmitted via the communication path 1001 (X1 and X2), so that by using multicast addresses 224.0.0.1 to 224.0.0.4, the programs B1 to B4 are transmitted (X2 transmits the programs to a next router (not shown)).
The user terminals 1004a to 1004d which are managed by the router 1003a is used to watch and listen to the programs B1, B2, and B3, so that X3 uses Multicast addresses 224.0.0.1 to 224.0.0.3 to transmit the programs B1, B2, and B3. From the router 1003a, each program is transmitted to the user terminal 1004. More specifically, X5 uses 224.0.0.1 to transmit the program B1 to the user terminal 1004a, X6 uses 224.0.0.2 to transmit the program B2 to the user terminal 1004b, X7 uses 224.0.0.3 to transmit the program B3 to the user terminal 1004c, and X8 uses 224.0.0.1 to transmit the program B1 to the user terminal 1004d. Here, since the identical program B1 is to be watched and listened to by using the user terminal 1004a and the user terminal 1004d, the router 1003a duplicates the program data to be transmitted.
In the same manner, the programs B1, B2, and B4 are watched and listened to by using the user terminals 1004e to 1004h which are managed by the router 1003b, so that X4 uses Multicast addresses 224.0.0.1, 224.0.0.2, and 224.0.0.4 to transmits the programs B1, B2, and B4. From the router 1003b, each program is transmitted to the user terminal 1004. More specifically, X9 uses 224.0.0.4 to transmit the program B4 to the user terminal 1004e, X10 uses 224.0.0.1 to transmit the program B1 to the user terminal 1004f, X11 uses 224.0.0.4 to transmit the program B4 to the user terminal 1004g, and X12 uses 224.0.0.2 to transmit the program B2 to the user terminal 1004h. Since the identical program B4 is watched and listened to by using the user terminal 1004e and the user terminal 1004g, the router 1003b duplicates the program data to be transmitted.
In
Note that in the description with reference to
In the meantime, a wireless Local Area Network (hereinafter, referred to as a wireless LAN) has recently been widely used, and communication over the wireless LAN in airplanes is desired. By using the wireless LAN, wiring in the above space of the airplane becomes no more necessary, so that wiring construction is significantly reduced. Furthermore, in addition to the program distribution, it is also possible to realize connection between the Internet and a computer which the user brings into the airplane. One example of the wireless LAN is a communication method based on IEEE802.11. Regarding the details of the IEEE802.11, numerous technical books have been published, for example, “802.11 high-speed wireless LAN textbook” (published by IDG Japan Co., Ltd.).
The IEEE802.11 defines IEEE802.11a (maximum communication speed is 54 Mb/s), IEEE802.11b (maximum communication speed is 11 Mb/s), IEEE802.11g (maximum communication speed is 54 Mb/s), and the like. Effective IP throughputs of the above are approximately 20 Mb/s, approximately 4 Mb/s, and approximately 20 Mb/s, respectively. Furthermore, a technique such as IEEE802.11n is targeted at more speedy communication.
An important aspect of the present invention is that, in the wireless communication such as communication based on IEEE802.11, a MAC layer which is the Data link layer (the second layer of the OSI model) has a re-transmission system. In the IEEE802.11, a transmitting terminal transmits a frame, then if a receiving terminal receives the frame successfully, the receiving terminal sends back a frame indicating the receiving success (ACK frame), and therefore the transmitting terminal transmits the frame again if the ACK frame is not received within a predetermined time period. In general, this re-transmitting processing is repeated for a plurality of times until the frame is transmitted successfully. However, the re-transmitting at the MAC layer is performed only in communication using Unicast, and in communication using group addresses such as communication over Broadcast and Multicast, receiving stations do not send the ACK frame back. This is described in more detail with reference to a figure.
In
For example, in a case where transmission is performed between an access point (AP) and a station (STA), the address 1 stores a destination address, the address 2 stores a basic service set identifier (BSSID), and the address 4 stores a source address. Note that the address 4 is not used at this moment. Here, if the address 1 is a Unicast address, the re-transmission processing is performed, and if the address is a Broadcast or Multicast address, the re-transmission processing is not performed.
Note that the frame body stores an IP frame including an IP header as shown in
Processing from the router 1103 to the user terminals 1004 is the same as the processing described with reference to
Besides the system in
The patent document 1 is aimed to improve efficiency of the communication over Multicast, by grouping receiving stations among which data can be exchanged directly, from receiving stations which exist in a communication area where a single transmitting station (access point AP) can cover, then selecting as a representative station an arbitrary receiving station from the group, and utilizing the condition that a ACK or a NAK which is sent from the representative station back to the transmitting station can be received among the group.
Furthermore, examples for the conventional method for changing a part of the IP Multicast communication to Unicast communication and then, after that part, the Unicast communication is changed back to the IP Multicast communication are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-244976 (hereinafter, referred to as a patent document 2), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-244978 publication (hereinafter, referred to as a patent document 3), and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-230774 publication (hereinafter, referred to as a patent document 4). In these examples, the UDP is used at the Transport layer, negotiation is performed between communication devices in an area where Unicast communication is performed, IP Multicast which is a system at the Network layer is associated with the UDP at the Transport layer, and the communication device has “management tables” (peer management tables in the patent document 2 and the patent document 3) and “management tables (management tables in the patent document 4), so that the Unicast communication is changed back to the IP Multicast communication.
The patent documents 2, 3, and 4 are systems for passing each Multicast frame through a communication path, such as the Internet, on which routers and the like do to support Multicast communication, so that these patent documents do not disclose a technology regarding a part in which the Multicast frame needs to be cuplicated.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-196041 publication
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-244976 publication
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-244978 publication
[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-230774 publication
[Non-Patent Document 1] “802.11 High-Speed Wireless LAN Textbook” (published by IDG Japan Co., Ltd.)
However, the wireless IP Multicast as shown in
Furthermore, the above patent document 1 has the following problems. In addition that processing is necessary for grouping the receiving stations among which data can be exchanged directly, there is a case where the ACK or NAK is not received successfully even within the set group since a range within which the receiving stations can directly receive data is changed in the wireless communication due to status of the radio waves, an installation environment, and the like, so that the system of the patent document 1 does not work correctly.
Furthermore, an algorithm for receiving the ACK or NAK from the terminal within the group in order to operate each terminal, an algorithm by which the receiving stations performs polling on the representative station, and the like are not methods based on IEEE802.11 standard, so that general-purpose devices are not able to be used thereby resulting in cost increase.
Moreover, the patent documents 2, 3, and 4 have a problem that further communication processing is necessary to create tables to have the “management tables (peer management tables in the patent documents 2 and 3)” and the “management table (management table in the patent document 4)” in the communication device in order to change the Unicast communication back to the IP Multicast communication, so that the management of each table become complicated.
Furthermore, the patent documents 2, 3, and 4 are assumed to use a protocol basically without the re-transmission function such as an Ethernet® at the Data link layer, but if the wireless communication does not have the re-transmission function as described above, there is another problem that the quality of the communication becomes significantly lowered.
Still further, the patent documents 2, 3, and 4 are systems using processing at the Transport layer (UDP), so that there is still another problem that the transmission protocol used at the Transport layer is restricted.
Still further, there is still another problem that the general IP Multicast communication needs expensive routers all of which support protocols required to perform the IP Multicast communication.
Therefore, the present invention addresses to the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication system to realize high-quality Multicast communication using wireless communication having re-transmission processing.
To achieve the above object, the communication system according to the present invention includes (a) a first communication device and a second communication device, wherein (b) the first communication device includes: (b1) a first content receiving unit operable to receive, via a first communication path, a Multicast frame which stores a content; (b2) a conversion unit operable to convert the received Multicast frame into a Unicast frame addressed to the second communication device; and (b3) a first content transmission unit operable to transmit the converted Unicast frame to the second communication device via a wireless second communication path, based on a protocol having a re-transmission processing, and the second communication device includes (c) a second content receiving unit operable (c1) to receive the Unicast frame transmitted via the second communication path from the first communication device based on the protocol having the re-transmission processing.
With the structure, the first communication device selects the Multicast frame of the content from the first communication path, converts the Multicast frame into the Unicast frame, and transmits the Unicast frame to the second communication device via the second communication path, so that it is possible to realize a system as high-quality Multicast communication even when the communication is performed wirelessly.
Note that the “content” includes not only programs but also any kinds of data. Note also that “Unicast via wireless communication path” means wireless point-to-point communication and is assumed to perform the re-transmission processing if the communication fails. On the other hand, Multicast means point-to-multipoint communication and the re-transmission processing is not performed.
Note that the present invention is realized not only as the communication system, but also can be realized as a method for controlling the communication system (hereinafter, referred to as a communication method).
Furthermore, the present invention can be realized as a transmitting device and a receiving device included in the communication system.
Still further, the present invention can be realized as a method for controlling the transmitting device (hereinafter, referred to as a transmitting method), a program for causing a computer system and the like to execute the transmitting method, a recording medium for recording a transmitted program, and the like.
Still further, the present invention can be realized as a system LSI which is included in the transmitting device to realize the transmitting function, an IP core which implements the transmitting function in the system LSI (hereinafter, referred to as a transmitting core), and a recording medium which records the transmitting core.
Still further, the present invention can be realized as a method for controlling the receiving device (hereinafter, referred to as a receiving method), a receiving program for causing a computer program and the like to execute the receiving method, a recording medium for recording a received program, and the like.
Furthermore, the present invention can be realized as a system LSI which is included in the receiving device to realize the receiving function, an IP core which implements the receiving function in the system LSI (hereinafter, referred to as a receiving core), and a recording medium which records the receiving core.
According to the communication device and the communication system of the present invention, by using processing at the Network layer and the Data link layer, it is possible to realize a system as high-quality Multicast system even based on a protocol for performing re-transmission processing as a network protocol. This means that by using a wireless LAN which is basically used for Unicast transmission, a Multicast system which implements high-quality video transmission and the like is realized. Furthermore, the present invention is realized by using systems at the Network layer and the Data link layer, thereby not restricting a protocol used at the Transport layer, so that it is possible to use at the Transport layer a protocol depending on the system. Note that IP Multicast is generally used at the Network layer in the Multicast communication, but any other protocols can be used at the Network layer as far as the Multicast communication can be performed using the protocols.
Moreover, the communication device based on a standard of general-purpose wireless communication such as IEEE802.11 standard can be directly used in the present invention, so that it is possible to structure a system at low cost.
Further, by efficiently performing the communication by effectively using transmission bands in the wireless LAN for which the bands are restricted, it is possible to realize high-quality program distribution.
Furthermore, by using the wireless communication path, wiring becomes no more necessary, so that installation construction can be eliminated. Still further, in a system especially in an airplane and the like, wiring of an inadequate short length is off course problematic, but wiring of a redundant length also faces space constraints. Still further, used cables need to have a length which is a precisely equivalent to a distance between devices and also need to be provided with measures for undesired radiation. Therefore, by avoiding use of quite expensive cables only for airplanes and reducing wiring, the significant advantages on the cost can be gained.
Moreover, the present invention is effective even in a part where the Multicast frame needs to be duplicated at a part of communication using a wireless communication path.
In addition, the present invention does not need to change a protocol in a wireless communication part, thereby enabling to use a standard wireless devices, so that it is possible to structure a simple and inexpensive system and device.
The following describes the first embodiment according to the present invention with reference to the drawings. Note that, in general, an unit to be transmitted via a network is called a frame for the Data link layer and an IP data gram for the Network layer, but in the description, the both units are referred to as a frame.
A data distribution system according to the present embodiment is used in an airplane 1 as shown in
In general, airplanes have constraints on a space to be equipped with communication devices or wires. For example, as shown in
Note that, currently, from the SEB to each user terminal, data has been transmitted via a transmission cable such as the Ethernet, so that additional power cables have been used for the terminals, but if, in addition to the above wireless transmission from ADB to SEB, a power line carrier communication (PLC) for transmitting data via power lines is also used, the communication cables can be eventually reduced, so that it is possible to reduce wiring.
Thereby communication using a wireless LAN can be performed in the airplane, and wiring for wireless LAN segments becomes unnecessary, so that wiring construction in the airplane can be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is not necessary to use expensive cables only for airplanes so that a cost can be reduced. Furthermore, in addition to the program distribution, it is also possible to realize connection between the Internet and a computer which a user brings into the airplane.
Moreover, there is good visibility in a ceiling and under a floor, so that it is possible to equip wires there. In general, the wires are equipped mainly in a ceiling. Further, regarding the seat, a plurality of seats are connected together, and each seat is physically near to another seat, so that the wires can be equipped between the seats in these connected seats beforehand. Furthermore, based on demands from customers for each flight, airline companies often change an layout of the seats, for example, a distance between the seats, a ratio of business class seats to economy class seats, and so on. Still further, the airline companies earn profits by running the airplanes so that a parking time should be as short as possible and within the parking time the seat layout needs to be changed. In addition, generally, if the wires from the ADB in the ceiling through the wall to the SEB under the seat is equipped not to be exposed to a cabin for safety, it is difficult to change the wiring in the wall every time the seat layout is changed, and if a large number of wires are reserved beforehand, a cost for wiring is necessary and fuel consumption of the airplane is increased due to increased weight of the body.
On the other hand, the airplane data distribution system according to the present invention can change the sheet layout flexibly. Further, the seat layout change does not need large wiring change. Still further, it is not necessary to preserve extra wires for a plurality of seat layout patterns, so that the wiring cost is not occurred and a weight of the airplane body is not increased.
Based on the above aspects, the following describes the airplane data distribution system (hereinafter, referred to as a data distribution system) according to the first embodiment.
Note that the program distribution unit 100 is the video server 10 in
Hereinafter, “Unicast” means point-to-point communication. “Multicast” means point-to-multipoint communication. “Wireless Unicast (Unicast via wireless communication path)” means point-to-point communication via wireless communication path. Note that, in the wireless Unicast, an ACK frame is sent back from a destination. Note also that if the ACK frame is not sent back within a predetermined time period, re-transmission processing is performed. “Wireless Multicast” (Multicast via wireless communication path)” means point-to-multipoint communication via a wireless communication path. Note that, in the wireless Multicast, an ACK frame is not sent back from a destination, so that re-transmission processing cannot be performed.
The first communication unit 102a in the first embodiment transmits data to multiple destinations by the wireless Unicast, instead of the wireless Multicast. Thereby even if the data to be transmitted to a plurality of recipients is transmitted to a plurality of destinations, the re-transmission function can examine whether or not the data is received by the destinations, so that it is possible to realize reliable communication.
More specifically, as shown in
The second communication path 104 is a wireless LAN. In order to simultaneously distribute a single program to a plurality of STAs, since the IP Multicast uses addresses to be transmitted to the groups, it is necessary to use Multicast MAC addresses even in the processing at a MAC layer in order to enable a plurality of STAs to receive data, but as described above, in the case where the Multicast MAC address is used at the MAC layer, the re-transmission processing is not performed, so that in the first embodiment, the IP processing at the Network layer is performed by Unicast, and the MAC layer performs Unicast communication, thereby establishing high-quality communication by using the re-transmission processing.
Note that the above method is one example, and it is also possible that the Multicast IP addresses are directly used at the Network layer and the Unicast MAC address are used only at the MAC layer.
Note also that, in order to perform the Multicast communication at the MAC layer during the communication from the AP to the STA, the Multicast MAC address is used as the address 1 (1903) in
The user terminal 105 selects a program which the user wishes to watch or listen to and notifies the second communication unit 104 of the program.
The program selection by each user terminal is transmitted to the first communication unit 102a via the second communication unit 104a based on the IGMP. Here, the second communication unit 104a, off course, stores information regarding which program each user terminal 105 requires to be watched and listened to. The first communication unit 102a transfers, based on the IGMP, to the second communication unit 104a the three programs selected by the user terminals 105a to 105d (programs A1, A2, and A3) among ten programs which are transmittable by the Multicast via the first communication path 101. This means that, via a Y2, bands only for streams of the three programs are used. Here, in the second communication path, the transmission of the three programs can be realized not by the Multicast, but by transmitting each program by the Unicast.
More specifically, the second communication unit 104a transmits to the second communication unit 104a a frame (program A1) of a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.1, a frame (program A2) of a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.2, and a frame (program A3) of a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.3, each of which are transmitted via the first communication path 101. Here, the above Multicast IP addresses are not used as IP addresses, but Unicast IP addresses are used as IP addresses. For example, the Unicast communication is performed by using an address 133.181.127.200 as a source address to the first communication unit 102a, and using an address 133.181.127.201 as a destination address to the second communication unit 104a. Here, as the address 1 (1903 in
Thereby, the second communication unit 104b cannot recognize even the MAC address as a frame addressed to the second communication unit 104b, and an IP address 133.181.127.202 is assigned to the second communication unit 104b. Therefore, the user terminal 105f requires a program A1 to be watched and listened to, and the user terminal 105h requires a program A2 to be watched and listened to, but the second communication unit 104b cannot recognize the transmission to the second communication unit 104a as transmission eventually to the second communication unit 104b, so that the first communication unit 102a does not need to perform the re-transmission processing.
On the other hand, in a case where the first communication unit 102a transmits the program A2 to the user terminal 105f and the user terminal 105h by using the IP address assigned to the second communication unit 104b, the first communication unit 102a communicates with the second communication unit 104b by using the Unicast communication. Then, the program A2 is transmitted via the second communication unit 104b to the user terminal 105f and the user terminal 105h. Note that other programs are transmitted in the same manner. Further, the Unicast communication is performed to distribute programs which have been transmitted by the Multicast, by using a MAC address of the STA or the AP, namely, a MAC address of a destination, also in the case of other STAs or APs belonging to wireless node segments in the first communication unit 102a, except the second communication unit 104a and the first communication unit 104b. Furthermore, in a case where an identical program is simultaneously transferred to a plurality of destinations, the program is duplicated and the duplicated program is transferred to the destination.
The second communication unit 104a transfers the program A1 to the user terminal 105a and the user terminal 105d, the program A2 to the user terminal 105b, and the program A3 to the user terminal 105c. Off course, via Y3, Y4, Y5, and Y6, data for one program is transmitted. Here, the address can be converted again to the Multicast IP address, or the Unicast IP address can be used. Furthermore, protocols besides the IP can be used.
That is, in the first embodiment, IP Multicast communication is performed from the video server 100 to the first communication path, then the communication is changed to Unicast communication from the first communication unit 102 to the second communication unit 104 both at the Network layer and at the Data link layer, and finally Multicast communication is performed again from the second communication unit 104 to each user terminal 105. In the second communication unit 104, in a case where a plurality of the user terminals require an identical program to be watched and listened to, the program are duplicated in the same manner as the IP Multicast, but the IP is not necessarily used from the second communication unit 104 to each user terminal, and the protocol may be an original protocol such as the PLC or dedicated lines. Note that the protocol used at the Transport layer is not limited to the above.
The communication from the first communication unit 102a to the second communication unit 104b is Unicast communication in which 133.181.127.200 is used as an address of a source that is the first communication unit 102a, and 133.181.127.202 is used as an address of a destination that is the second communication unit 104a. It is assumed that the MAC address at the MAC layer is a Unicast MAC address. In other words, the programs A1, A2, and A4 are transmitted by Unicast communication. Here, the second communication unit 104a does not recognize a frame addressed to the second communication unit 104b as an address eventually to the second communication unit 104a, so that the re-transmission processing is not performed.
Firstly, as a program request 200, the user terminal 105a requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A1. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 200, and, as an IGMP request 210, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A1.
Next, as a program request 201, the user terminal 105b requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A2. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 201, and, as an IGMP request 211, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A2.
Further, as a program request 202, the user terminal 105c requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A3. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 202, and, as an IGMP request 212, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A3.
Still further, as a program request 203, the user terminal 105d requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A1. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 203, and, as an IGMP request 213, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A1.
The first communication unit 102a which receives the distribution requests of the programs A1, A2, and A3 by the IGMP request selects only frames of the programs A1, A2, and A3 among all program frames transmitted by IP Multicast via the first communication path 101, and distributes the selected frames to the second communication unit 104a. The processing is described in more detail with reference to
In the same manner, the first communication unit 102a obtains a program frame 221 (program A2) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.2 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 231 transmits from the first communication unit 102a to the second communication unit 104a the obtained program frame as an Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.201 (a Unicast MAC address is also used as a MAC address). Since the program A2 is requested by the user terminal 105d to be watched and listened to, the second communication unit 104a distributes the program to the user terminal 105b at a program distribution 242.
In the same manner, the first communication unit 102a obtains a program frame 222 (program A3) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.3 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 232 transmits from the first communication unit 102 to the second communication unit 104a the obtained program frame as an Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.201 (a Unicast MAC address is also used as a MAC address). Since the program A3 is requested by the user terminal 105c to be watched and listened to, the second communication unit 104a distributes the program to the user terminal 105b at a program distribution 243.
In other words, every time the first communication unit 102a detects from the first communication path 101 the program frames which the user terminals 105a to 105d managed by the second communication unit 104a request to be watched and listened to, the first communication unit 102a obtains the frames and distributes the program to the second communication unit 104a, and then the second communication unit 104a distributes the programs to each user terminal 105. Such processing is repeated to transmit the program frames which the user terminals request.
Note that,
Furthermore, the transmission of each program frame via the first communication path 101 is not repeated in an order from the program A1, A2, and A3, for example, but an amount of data in the frame depends on the program, so that the order of the frame transmission is not limited to the above. However, the second communication unit 102a obtains a frame of the program to be distributed every time of detecting the frame, and transmits the frame to the second communication unit 104a by using a system at the Network layer and the Data link layer, so that the present invention can be easily realized.
Firstly, as a program request 300, the user terminal 105a requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A1. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 300, and, as an IGMP request 310, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A1.
Next, as a program request 301, the user terminal 105b requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A2. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 301, and, as an IGMP request 311, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A2.
Further, as a program request 302, the user terminal 105c requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A3. The second communication unit 104a receives the program request 302, and, as an IGMP request 312, requests the first communication unit 102a to distribute the program A3.
Still further, as a program request 303, the user terminal 105d requests the second communication unit 104a for the program A1. Here, the second communication unit 104a has already received the program request for the program A1 from the user terminal 105a at the program request 300 and has issued the IGMP request for the program A1 to the first communication unit 102, so that the second communication unit 104a does not issue a further IGMP request for the program A1. This means that the second communication unit 104 uses the program request 303 only to learn that the user terminal 105d also requests the program A1.
The processing from which the program distribution 320 is issued is the same as the processing described with reference to
Here, it is important that an IGMP request is not performed for the program request 303, but, the second communication unit 104a recognizes that not only the user terminal 105a but also the user terminal 105d requests for the program A1, so that the second communication unit 104a distributes, at the program distribution 341, a frame of the program A1 obtained from the program distribution 330 to the user terminal 105d.
The first communication path interface 8000 can use a general-purpose component such as the Ethernet®. Furthermore, the second communication path interface 8001 can use a general-purpose component for wireless communication. The CPU 8002 and the memory 8003 can also use general-purpose components.
The present invention is characterized in software which is stored in the memory 8003 and is processed by the CPU 8002. More specifically, a frame of a requested program is received from the first communication path via the first communication path interface 8000, then temporarily stored in the memory 8003, after that, the frame is assigned with a Unicast IP address and a Unicast MAC address as described above, and transmitted via the second communication path interface 8001 to the second communication path 103.
Note that the CPU 8002 further performs the IGMP processing in order to request the program, but the software for processing the IGMP is based on IGMPv1 (RFC 1112), IGMPv2 (RFC 2236), and IGMPv3 (RFC 3376) standards.
Note also that the processing for obtaining the MAC address of the destination is generally performed by using wireless communication.
As described above, by using Unicast communication in the wireless communication where the re-transmission processing is performed, high-quality transmission is achieved by performing the re-transmission processing in the wireless communication, so that it is possible to realize a system as the Multicast communication. That is, in the Multicast by which service is provided originally using Broadcast communication without performing the re-transmission processing, it is possible to improve reliability of the communication by using the re-transmission function in an unreliable part of the wireless communication (with high error rate).
Furthermore, wiring becomes unnecessary by using the wireless communication, so that installation construction can be eliminated.
Note that in the first embodiment, the IGMP is used to request programs, but the method is not limited to the above as far as the program can be requested.
Note also that the AP does not necessarily have to have a router function, but the AP can have only a bridge function.
Note that in the first embodiment, both of the frame at the Network layer and the frame at the MAC layer are converted to the Unicast frames. However, the important aspect of the present invention is that reliability of the communication is improved by using the re-transmission function at the wireless MAC layer, so that at the Network layer, it is not necessarily to convert the frames to the Unicast frames. For example, even if at the Network layer the Multicast frame is further transmitted as an Unicast frame at the MAC layer, it is, of course, possible to realize the present invention. Thereby, any modifications do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
The second embodiment describes another example of the structure of the system which has been described with reference to
The first communication unit 102a obtains a program distribution 700 (program A1) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.1 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 701, distributes to the user terminal 105a the obtained program as a Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.210. Then, the first communication unit 102a duplicates the program, and at a program distribution 702, distributes to the user terminal 105d the duplicated program as a Unicast frame having a destination address 133.181.127.213. The first communication unit 102a further duplicates the program, and at a program distribution 703, distributes to the user terminal 105f the duplicated program as a Unicast frame having a destination address 133.181.127.215.
Next, the first communication unit 102a, obtains a program distribution 704 (program A2) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.2 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 705, distributes to the user terminal 105b the obtained program as a Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.211. Then, the first communication unit 102a duplicates the program, and at a program distribution 706, distributes to the user terminal 105h the duplicated program as a Unicast frame having a destination address 133.181.127.217.
Next, the first communication unit 102a, obtains a program distribution 707 (program A3) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.3 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 708, distributes to the user terminal 105c the obtained program as a Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.212.
Next, the first communication unit 102a obtains a program distribution 709 (program A4) which is transmitted using a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.4 via the first communication path 101, and at a program distribution 710, distributes to the user terminal 105e the obtained program as a Unicast frame having a source address 133.181.127.200 and a destination address 133.181.127.214. Then, the first communication unit 102a duplicates the program, and at a program distribution 712, distributes to the user terminal 105g the duplicated program as a Unicast frame having a destination address 133.181.127.216.
The subsequent processing is that, as shown at the program distributions 713 and 714, every time a IP Multicast frame of a program which the user terminal managed by the first communication unit 102a requests to be distributed to be watched or listened to is transmitted via the first communication path 101, the frame is converted to a Unicast frame to be transmitted during wireless communication via the second communication path 103 at the Network layer.
Note that, here, a Unicast IP address is used as the MAC address at the MAC layer processing in the same manner as described in the first embodiment. Thereby the re-transmission processing is performed in a wireless part of the communication, so that it is possible to realize high-quality transmission.
Processing performed by the first communication unit 102 in the above case is realized in the same manner as described in the first embodiment with reference to
By the processing as described above, it is possible to realize the Multicast system as a whole system.
Note that, in
Note that in the second embodiment, both of the frame at the Network layer and the frame at the MAC layer have been converted to the Unicast frame. However, the important aspect of the present invention is that reliability of the communication is improved by using the re-transmission function at the wireless MAC layer, so that at the Network layer, it is not necessarily to convert the frames to the Unicast frame. For example, even if at the Network layer the Multicast frame is further transmitted as a Unicast frame at the MAC layer, it is, of course, possible to realize the present invention. Thereby, any modifications do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
The third embodiment describes a method by which the IP Multicast frame is used directly at the Network layer, and the re-transmission processing is performed in the wireless communication, so that it is possible to realize high-quality transmission.
More specifically, in the wireless communication, by using a Multicast IP address directly in an IP address of a destination, and using a Unicast MAC address in a MAC address of a destination, the re-transmission processing can be performed.
The third embodiment can be applied to the first embodiment described with reference to
Firstly, as shown in the system structure of
In the second communication unit 104a, since the second communication unit 104a recognizes a transmitted frame as a frame addressed to the second communication unit 104a at the MAC layer processing, the processing proceeds to the Network layer which is an upper layer of the MAC layer, and since at the Network layer a Multicast IP address is directly used as the IP address to be transmitted, the IP Multicast system can be directly used in the transmission from the second communication unit 104a to each user terminal.
Here, in the second communication unit 104b, the IP address of the transmitted frame is a Multicast IP address, so that, for example, the second communication unit 104b detects a frame having a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.1 of the program A1 which the user terminal 105f requests to be watched or listened to, but a MAC address is not addressed to the second communication unit 104b, so that the re-transmission processing is not performed, thereby preventing imposing the re-transmission processing loads on the first communication unit 102a.
The first communication unit 102a according to the third embodiment can be realized to have a structure as described in the first and second embodiments with reference to
As described above, by not changing the processing at the Network layer and by performing the re-transmission processing in the wireless communication, it is possible to ensure high-quality transmission.
Note that, since even in the processing after the wireless communication the Multicast IP address is used directly, it is not necessary to hold tables for managing specific Multicast IP addresses in the communication unit in the wireless communication such as the first communication unit and the second communication unit, and the IP Multicast processing can be also applied to a system having a simple structure.
Note also that in the structure shown in
Note also that, in the same manner as the other above embodiments, in the structure shown in
Note also that the communication path Y3 may be a wire, a Multicast MAC address may be used via the communication path Y3, and identical data may be transmitted using Multicast to the plurality of destinations which are specified by the Multicast group. Note also that, instead of the second communication unit 104a, as shown in
For example, when the user terminal 105x requests for the program A1 to be watched or listened to, the first communication unit 102a uses, for a frame of the program A1, a Multicast IP address 224.0.1.1 as an IP address and sets a MAC address of the second communication unit 104x as the address 1 of the MAC address in order to perform Unicast communication.
Then, when the second communication unit 104x receives the frame of the program A1 from the first communication unit 102a, the second communication unit 104x determines, at the MAC layer processing, that the received frame is addressed to the second communication unit 104x, so that the processing proceeds to the Network layer which is a upper layer of the MAC layer. Further, at the Network layer the Multicast IP address is used directly as the IP address, so that the Multicast IP address is used to perform further Multicast communication.
In other words, the second communication unit 104x is realized to have the same structure of the second communication unit 104a described in the first and second embodiments with reference to
Note also that, besides the network structure shown in
Note that
Furthermore,
It is also obvious that in the third embodiment, as far as a network has a structure in which in the first communication unit 102a a frame which is generally to be transmitted using wireless Multicast is transmitted using wireless Unicast to each destination, and at a destination STA or AP the frame is further converted into a Multicast frame to be transmitted, an device which receives transmission using Multicast from the destination STA or AP may be the user terminal or the network device, or other communication devices.
Note that the second communication unit 104a or the second communication unit 104x may be not a STA, but an AP. Here, as one example of a use of the communication between APs, if an office or the like resides in two buildings, wiring is provided in one building using wires and wireless communication between APs is performed between the buildings.
The fourth embodiment describes a more efficient transmission method. As described above, in
By using the protocol, in the wireless communication based on IEEE802.11 standard for example, in a case where a wireless channel access method by a distributed coordination function (DCF) is used to control access, every time a frame is transmitted, a receiving terminal (the second communication unit 104 in a case of
Further, in a case of transmission by a point coordination function (PCF) by a centralized control, polling processing needs to be performed when a frame is transmitted.
This means that, in the wireless transmission, every time a frame is transmitted, it is necessary to transmit not only the desired frame (program data in the present embodiments) but also a frame for controlling wireless access, thereby consuming a transmission band during the transmission of the frames, so that efficiency of the transmission becomes low. More specifically, in
The fourth embodiment describes efficient transmission as shown in
In a frame 403, a reference numeral 440 represents an IP header, and a reference numeral 441 represents information indicating that program information regarding next program data is the program A1 and is equivalent to 411. A reference numeral 442 represents data of the program A1 and equivalent to 412. 443 is information indicating that program information regarding next program data is the program A2, and is equivalent to 421. 444 is data of the program A2 and equivalent to 422. 445 is information indicating that program information regarding next program data is the program A3 and is equivalent to 431. 446 is data of the program A3 and equivalent to 432. After the frame 403 in which the three programs are multiplexed is transmitted, an ACK frame 452 is transmitted.
Furthermore, the second communication unit 104a extracts data of the program A2 from the frame transmitted at the program distribution 530 in order to be distributed to the user terminal 105b at a program distribution 542. Still further, the second communication unit 104a extracts data of the program A3 from the frame transmitted at the program distribution 530 in order to be distributed to the user terminal 105c at a program distribution 543.
Subsequent processing from a program distribution 523 to a program distribution 547 are performed in the same manner as described above.
Note that
In the fourth embodiment, the processing performed by the first communication unit 102 is realized by using the same structure as described in the first to third embodiments with reference to
As described above, by grouping a plurality of program frames, transmission bands to be utilized by the ACK frame are reduced, so that it is possible to realize wireless communication efficiently using the bands. Furthermore, as obvious in
Note that in the first to fourth embodiments according to the present invention, the wireless LAN is used as one example of the communication method for performing the re-transmission processing, but the present invention is not limited to the above and can be applied to other communication methods for performing the re-transmission processing, and modifications by using other transmission methods do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Note that a communication program is a program which is executed in a communication device such as a STA or an AP in order to realize each function in the communication device, and can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as an optic recording medium (a CD-ROM or the like, for example), a magnetic recording medium (a hard disk or the like, for example), a magneto-optic recording medium (MO or the like, for example), or a semiconductor recording medium (a memory card or the like, for example) in order to be read out onto a hardware system such as a computer system or an installation system.
Further, the communication program can be stored in a hardware system on a network, and realized in another hardware system which downloads the computer program via the network.
Note that one or more functions included in the communication device such as a STA or an AP can be realized in the communication device by a program stored in a nonvolatile memory device, or can be built in a system LSI such as a network processor. Furthermore, the system LSI can be realized by a full-custom LSI (Large Scale Integration). Still further, the system LSI can be realized by a semi-custom LSI such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Still further, the system LSI can be realized by a programmable logic device such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a complex programmable logic device (DPLD). Still further, the system LSI can be realized as a dynamic reconfigurable device in which a circuit structure can be dynamically re-written.
Moreover, design data for forming one or more functions included in the communication device such as a STA or an AP into the above LSI may be a very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) which is a program described in a hardware description language such as a Verilog HDL or a system C. Furthermore, the design data may be a net list of a gate level which can be obtained by using logic synthesis of a HDL program. Still further, the design data may be macrocell information in which the net list of the gate level is added with placement information, process condition, and the like. Still further, the design data may be mask data defining a size, a timing, and the like.
Moreover, the design data can be stored in the computer-readable recording medium such as an optic recording medium (a CD-ROM or the like, for example), a magnetic recording medium (a hard disk or the like, for example), a magneto-optic recording medium (MO or the like, for example), or a semiconductor recording medium (a memory card or the like, for example) in order to be read out onto a hardware system such as a computer system or an installation system. In addition, the design data which has been read out onto another hardware system via the recording medium can be downloaded to the programmable logic device via a download cable.
Moreover, the design data can be stored in a hardware system on a transmission path so that the design data can be obtained by another hardware system via a transmission path such as a network. Furthermore, via the communication path from the hardware system, the design data stored in another hardware system can be downloaded in the programmable logic device via the download cable.
Moreover, the design data which is logically synthesized, placed, and wired can be stored in a serial ROM in order to be transferred to a FPGA when power is switched ON. Then, the design data stored in the serial ROM can be downloaded in the FPGA immediately after the power is switched ON.
Furthermore, the design data which is logically synthesized, placed, and wired can be generated by a micro processor and downloaded to the FPGA.
The communication device and the communication system according to the present invention can be realized as a system for performing Multicast communication, the present invention is suitable, for example, for a system for distributing video programs to a plurality of terminals of passengers in an airplane and the like.
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| PCT/JP2005/005954 | 3/29/2005 | WO | 00 | 8/7/2006 |
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