Patent Grant
8655516
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/955,583, filed on Nov. 29, 2010, and entitled “Communication System For A Rail Vehicle Consist And Method For Communicating With A Rail Vehicle Consist” (the “'583 Application”). The entire subject matter of the '583 Application is incorporated by reference herein.
One or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein relate to data communications and, more particularly, to data communications with a rail vehicle.
Rail vehicles may include multiple powered units, such as locomotives, that are mechanically coupled or linked together in a consist. The consist of powered units operates to provide tractive and/or braking efforts to propel and stop movement of the rail vehicle. The powered units in the consist may change the supplied tractive and/or braking efforts based on a data message that is communicated to the powered units. For example, the supplied tractive and/or braking efforts may be based on Positive Train Control (PTC) instructions or control information for an upcoming trip. The control information may be used by a software application, such as the Trip Optimizer™ system from General Electric Company, to determine the speed of the rail vehicle for various segments of an upcoming trip of the rail vehicle.
The data message having the information used to control the tractive and/or braking efforts may be communicated to the rail vehicle while the rail vehicle is moving. For example, wayside equipment may wirelessly transmit the data message to an antenna module of the rail vehicle.
However, as the rail vehicles move relative to the wayside equipment, the wireless transmission of the data message is subject to several propagation problems. These problems include, but are not limited to, the existence of dead spots or low signal areas where little to no data message is transmitted but through which the rail vehicle travels, reduced transmission rates due to the need to re-transmit lost data, and the like. Additional problems associated with wireless transmission of data messages include atmospheric interference, mechanical failure of the receiving antenna module, and the like.
A need exists for a system and method for communicating with a rail vehicle that avoids one or more of the above shortcomings
In one embodiment, a communication system for a rail vehicle consist includes antenna modules, routing modules, and an arbitration module. The antenna modules are configured to be disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle consist. The antenna modules are configured to receive a trip profile from an off-board device. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more powered units of the rail vehicle consist. The routing modules are disposed on the powered units of the rail vehicle and are communicatively coupled with the antenna modules. The routing modules are communicatively coupled with a network connection extending along the rail vehicle consist between the powered units. The arbitration module is disposed on at least one of the powered units and is communicatively coupled with the routing modules of the powered units by the network connection. One or more of the routing modules transmits the trip profile received from the off-board device to the arbitration module. The arbitration module reconstitutes the trip profile into a message that is transmitted to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the powered units.
In another embodiment, a method for communicating with a rail vehicle is provided. The method includes receiving a trip profile from an off-board device at antenna modules disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more of a lead powered unit or trailing powered units of the rail vehicle. The method also includes communicating at least part of the trip profile from one or more of the antenna modules to an arbitration module associated with the lead powered unit through a network connection extending along the rail vehicle between the lead powered unit and the trailing powered units. The method further includes forming a message from the trip profile at the arbitration module and transmitting the message from the arbitration module to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the lead powered unit or the trailing powered units through the network connection.
In another embodiment, a computer readable storage medium for a communication system of a rail vehicle is provided. The computer readable storage medium includes instructions to direct a processor to receive a trip profile transmitted by an off-board device and obtained by one or more antenna modules disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more of a lead powered unit or trailing powered units of the rail vehicle. The instructions also direct the processor to examine the trip profile to identify a message represented by the trip profile and transmit the message to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the lead powered unit or trailing powered units through the network connection. The propulsion subsystem is configured to change the at least one of the tractive effort or braking effort during an upcoming trip.
The present invention will be better understood from reading the following description of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein below:
Reference will be made below in detail to example embodiments of the inventive subject matter, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals used throughout the drawings refer to the same or like parts. Although example embodiments of the inventive subject matter are described with respect to trains, locomotives, and other rail vehicles, embodiments also may be applicable for use with vehicles generally, such as off-highway vehicles, agricultural vehicles, and/or transportation vehicles, each of which may include a vehicle consist. As noted above, a vehicle consist is a group of powered units (such as locomotives) or other vehicles that are mechanically coupled or linked together to travel along a route, with each vehicle in the consist being adjacent to one or more other vehicles in the consist.
At least one embodiment described herein provides for communication systems that transmit and/or receive data signals with a moving rail vehicle consist. The systems and methods described herein can provide for an increased success rate in transmitting a message to a moving rail vehicle consist over several data packets. The message may be wirelessly transmitted to several antenna modules disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle consist. The spaced apart locations of the antenna modules may increase the probability that at least one of the antenna modules will receive each transmitted data packet. The received data packets can be conveyed through a network connection of the rail vehicle consist to an arbitrating communication unit or arbitration module that reconstitutes the transmitted message from the received data packets. The message can be used to, among other things, control tractive and/or braking efforts of the rail vehicle consist.
One or more embodiments of the disclosed systems can be retrofitted to an existing consist of a rail vehicle consist. For example, antenna modules may be added to one or more locomotives or other cars of the rail vehicle and an existing multiple unit (MU) cable may be used to provide the network connection over which the received data packets and the reconstituted message are conveyed within the rail vehicle consist.
At least one technical effect of one or more embodiments described herein is the communication of data signals from an off-board device that transmits the data signals to spaced apart antenna modules on the rail vehicle consist, where the rail vehicle consist reconstitutes the subsets of the data signals received at the different antenna modules in order to control tractive operations of the rail vehicle consist.
The rail vehicle consist 102 includes several interconnected powered units 108, 110 and non-powered units 112. “Powered units” refers to rail cars that are capable of self-propulsion, such as locomotives. “Non-powered units” refers to rail cars that are incapable of self-propulsion, but which may otherwise receive electric power for other services. For example, cargo cars, passenger cars, and other types of rail cars that do not propel themselves may be “non-powered units,” even though the cars may receive electric power for cooling, heating, communications, lighting, and the like.
In the illustrated embodiment, the powered units 108, 110 represent locomotives joined with each other in a locomotive consist 114. The locomotive consist 114 represents a group of two or more locomotives in the rail vehicle consist 102 that are mechanically coupled or linked together to travel along a route. The locomotive consist 114 may be a subset of the rail vehicle consist 102 such that the locomotive consist 114 is included in the rail vehicle consist 102 along with additional powered and/or non-powered units in the rail vehicle consist 102. While the rail vehicle 102 only includes a single locomotive consist 114, alternatively the rail vehicle 102 may include two or more locomotive consists 114 joined together or interconnected by one or more intermediate powered or non-powered units that do not form part of the locomotive consists 114.
The powered units 108, 110 include a lead powered unit 108, such as a lead locomotive, and one or more trailing powered units 110, such as trail locomotives. As used herein, the terms “lead” and “trailing” are designations of different powered units, and do not necessarily reflect positioning of the powered units 108, 110, 112 in the rail vehicle consist 102 or the locomotive consist 114. For example, a lead powered unit may be disposed between two trailing powered units. Alternatively, the term “lead” may refer to the first powered unit in the rail vehicle consist 102 or the locomotive consist 114 and “trailing” powered units refer to powered units positioned after the lead powered unit. In another embodiment, the term “lead” refers to a powered unit that is designated for primary control of the locomotive consist 114 and “trailing” refers to powered units that are under at least partial control of the lead powered unit.
The powered units 108, 110 include a connection at each end of the powered unit 108, 110 to couple propulsion subsystems 116 of the powered units 108, 110 such that the powered units 108, 110 in the locomotive consist 114 function together as a single tractive unit. The propulsion subsystems 116 include electric and/or mechanical devices and components used to provide tractive effort that propels the powered units 108, 110 and braking effort that slows the powered units 108, 110.
The propulsion subsystems 116 of the powered units 108, 110 in the locomotive consist 114 are connected and communicatively coupled with each other by a network connection 118. In one embodiment, the network connection 118 includes a net port and jumper cable that extends along the rail vehicle 102 and between the powered units 108, 110. The network connection 118 may be a cable that includes twenty seven pins on each end that is referred to as a multiple unit cable, or MU cable. Alternatively, a different wire, cable, or bus, or other communication medium, may be used as the network connection 118. For example, the network connection 118 may represent an Electrically Controlled Pneumatic (ECP) brake line, a fiber optic cable, or wireless connection.
The network connection 118 may include several channels over which network data is communicated. Each channel can represent a different pathway for the network data to be communicated. For example, different channels may be associated with different wires or busses of a multi-wire or multi-bus cable. Alternatively, the different channels may represent different frequencies or ranges of frequencies over which the network data is transmitted.
The powered units 108, 110 may include communication units 120, 126 that are used to control operations of the propulsion subsystems 116 of the powered units 108, 110. The communication unit 120 is disposed in the lead powered unit 108 and may be referred to as a lead communication unit. As described below, the lead communication unit 120 also may be the unit that handles arbitration of received data packets forming a message transmitted by the off-board device 104. As a result, the lead communication unit 120 alternatively may be referred to as an arbitrating communication unit. In another embodiment, another communication unit 126 may handle arbitration of the data packets and be referred to as the arbitrating communication unit. The communication units 126 are disposed in different trailing powered units 110 and may be referred to as trailing communication units. Alternatively, one or more of the communication units 120, 126 may be disposed outside of the corresponding powered units 108, 110, such as in a nearby or adjacent non-powered unit 112.
The communication units 120, 126 in the rail vehicle consist 102 can be connected with the network connection 118 such that the communication units 120, 126 are communicatively coupled with each other by the network connection 118 and linked together in a computer network. Alternatively, the communication units 120, 126 may be linked by another wire, cable, or bus, or be linked by one or more wireless connections. The networked communication units 120, 126 are referred to as an “intra-consist network.”
The networked communication units 120, 126 include antenna modules 122. The antenna modules 122 represent separate individual antenna modules or sets of antenna modules disposed at different locations along the rail vehicle consist 102. For example, an antenna module 122 may represent a single wireless receiving device, such as a single 220 MHz TDMA antenna module, a single cellular modem, a single wireless local area network (WLAN) antenna module (such as a “Wi-Fi” antenna module capable of communicating using one or more of the IEEE 802.11 standards or another standard), a single WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) antenna module, a single satellite antenna module (or a device capable of wirelessly receiving a data message from an orbiting satellite), a single 3G antenna module, a single 4G antenna module, and the like. As another example, an antenna module 122 may represent a set or array of antenna modules, such as multiple antenna modules having one or more TDMA antenna modules, cellular modems, Wi-Fi antenna modules, WiMax antenna modules, satellite antenna modules, 3G antenna modules, and/or 4G antenna modules.
As shown in
The diverse antenna modules 122 enable the rail vehicle consist 102 to receive the network data transmitted by the off-board device 104 at multiple locations along the rail vehicle consist 102. Increasing the number of locations where the network data can be received by the rail vehicle consist 102 can increase the probability that all, or a substantial portion, of a message conveyed by the network data is received by the rail vehicle consist 102. For example, if some antenna modules 122 are temporarily blocked or otherwise unable to receive the network data as the rail vehicle consist 102 is moving relative to the off-board device 104, other antenna modules 122 that are not blocked and are able to receive the network data may receive the network data.
The MU cable bus 300 includes a front port 306, a rear port 308, and an internal electrical system 310 that connects the front port 306 and the rear port 308 in each of the powered units 302, 304. The internal electrical system 310 includes one or more electronic components 312, such as the communication unit 120 or 126 (shown in
The electronic components 312 may be electrically connected to the central terminal board 318 and to the MU cable bus 300. Although the front port 306 and the rear port 308 may be located generally at the front and rear of the powered unit 302, the front and/or rear ports 306, 308 may be located elsewhere and designations such as “front,” “rear,” “central,” are not meant to be limiting but are instead provided for identification purposes.
The MU cable bus 300 includes a cable jumper 328. The jumper 328 includes opposite plug ends 322, 324 and a flexible cable portion 326 electrically and mechanically connecting the plug ends 322, 324. The plug ends 322, 324 mate with the ports 308, 306. The cable jumper 328 may be electrically symmetrical, meaning either plug end 322, 324 can be attached to either port 306, 308. The cable jumper 328 is used to electrically interconnect the internal electrical systems 310 of adjacent powered units 302, 304. As such, for each adjacent pair of powered units 302, 304, one plug end 322 of the cable jumper 328 is attached to the rear port 308 of the front powered unit 302 and the other plug end 324 of the cable jumper 328 is attached to the front port 306 of the rear powered unit 304. The flexible cable portion 326 of the cable jumper 328 extends between the two plug ends 322, 324, providing a flexible but secure electrical connection between the powered units 302, 304.
Depending on the particular type and configuration of the powered units 302, 304, the electrical conduit portions 320, 322 and cable jumpers 328 may be configured in different manners, in terms of the number “n” (“n” is a real whole number equal to or greater than 1) and type of discrete electrical pathways included in the conduit portions 320, 322 or cable jumper 328. In one example, each conduit portion 320, 322 and the cable jumper 328 comprises a plurality of discrete electrical wires, such as 12-14 gauge copper wires. In another example, the cable portion 326 of the cable jumper 328 includes a plurality of discrete electrical wires, while the conduit portions 320, 322 each include one or more discrete electrical wires and/or non-wire electrical pathways, such as conductive structural components of the locomotive, pathways through or including electrical or electronic components, circuit board traces, or the like. Although certain elements in
As described above, the plug ends 322, 324 of the cable jumper 328 fit into the ports 306, 308. For this purpose, the plug ends 322, 324 and ports 306, 308 are complementary in shape to each other, both for mechanical and electrical attachment. The plug end 322, 324 may include a plurality of electrical pins, each of which fits into a corresponding electrical socket in a corresponding port 306, 308. The number of pins and sockets may depend on the number of discrete electrical pathways extant in the internal electrical conduits 320, 322, cable jumpers 328, etc. In one example, each plug end 322, 324 is a twenty seven-pin plug.
The term “MU cable bus” refers to the entire MU cable bus or any portion(s) thereof, e.g., terminal boards, ports, jumper cable, conduit portions, and the like. As should be appreciated, when two locomotives are connected via the cable jumper 328, both the cable jumper 328 and the internal electrical systems 310 form the MU cable bus 310. As subsequent powered units are attached using additional cable jumpers 328, those cable jumpers 328 and the internal electrical systems 310 of the subsequent powered units also become part of the MU cable bus 310.
Returning to the discussion of the communication system 100 shown in
Returning to the discussion of the communication system 100 shown in
In another aspect, non-network data is low bandwidth or very low bandwidth. The non-network data may be transmitted over the network connection 118 (such as the MU cable bus 300 shown in
The communication units 120, 126 of the communication system 100 include transceiver units 200, 202 that receive and/or transmit network data using the antenna modules 122 of the corresponding communication unit 120, 126. The transceiver units 200, 202 are each electrically coupled to the network connection 118, such as the MU cable bus 300 (shown in
The transceiver units 200, 202 receive network data from the antenna module 122 that is coupled with the transceiver unit 200, 202. For example, the one or more of the antenna modules 122 may receive all or part of a message that is digitally and wirelessly transmitted from the off-board device 104 (shown in
The transceiver units 200, 202 may modulate the received network data into modulated network data for transmission over the network connection 118, such as over the MU cable bus 300 (shown in
In one embodiment, the modulated network data is orthogonal to the non-network data transferred between the powered units 108, 110 (shown in
The network data may be TCP/IP-formatted or SIP-formatted data, however, other communications protocols may be used. As should be appreciated, the communication units 120, 126 and the network connection 118 together form a local area network. In one embodiment, these components are configured to form an Ethernet network.
In the embodiment shown in
The routing modules 204 are communicatively coupled to interface units 210 that are part of and/or operably connected to the electronic components 312 of the powered units 108, 110 (shown in
The routing modules 204 and interface units 210 can be communicatively interconnected by network cables 212. For example, if the routing modules 204 and the interface units 210 are configured as an Ethernet local area network, the network cables 212 may be a CAT-5E cable. The interface units 210 are functionally connected to one or more software or hardware applications stored and/or running on computer readable storage media 214, such as a tangible and non-transitory memory. Examples of such memories include computer hard drives, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, and the like. In one embodiment, the interface units 210, network cables 212, and media 214 include standard Ethernet-ready (or other network) components. For example, if the electronic component 312 is a computer unit, the interface unit 210 may be an Ethernet adapter connected to computer unit for carrying out network communications.
The routing module 204 receives network data from the corresponding antenna module 122. The routing module 204 examines the network data to determine the recipient of the network data. For example, the routing module 204 may determine if the data packets 400 (shown in
The modulator modules 206 modulate the received network data into modulated network data and transmit the modulated network data over the network connection 118. The modulator modules 206 communicate the modulated network data to the addressed recipient of the data packets 400 (shown in
The off-board device 104 (shown in
The modulator module 206 of the lead communication unit 120 (referred to as the “lead modulator module”) receives the modulated network data transmitted from other communication units 202 over the network connection 118. The lead modulator module 206 de-modulates the modulated network data into network data, which is then conveyed to the arbitrator module 208. The antenna module 122 of the lead communication unit 120 may receive one or more data packets 400 (shown in
The routing module 204 and/or the modulator module 206 of one or more of the communication units 120, 126 may perform various processing steps on the network data and/or the modulated network data for transmission and reception both over the network connection 118 and/or the network cable 212. Additionally, one both of the routing module 204 and/or the modulator module 206 of the communication units 120, 126 may perform network data routing functions.
The modulator modules 206 may be communicatively coupled with an electrical output (e.g., port, wires) for electrical connection to the network connection 118, and/or internal circuitry (e.g., electrical and isolation components, microcontroller, software/firmware) for receiving network data from the routing module 204, modulating the network data into modulated network data, transmitting the modulated network data over the network connection 118, receiving modulated network data over the network connection 118, de-modulating the modulated network data into network data, and communicating the network data to the routing module 204. The internal circuitry may be configured to modulate and de-modulate data using schemes such as those utilized in VDSL or VHDSL (very high bitrate digital subscriber line) applications, or in power line digital subscriber line (PDSL) applications. One example of a suitable modulation scheme is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM is a frequency-division multiplexing scheme wherein a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal sub-carriers are used to carry data. The data is divided into several parallel data streams or channels, one for each sub-carrier. Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme (such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase shift keying) at a low symbol rate, maintaining total data rates similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth. The modulation or communication scheme may involve applying a carrier wave (at a particular frequency orthogonal to frequencies used for non-network data in the MU cable bus) and modulating the carrier wave using digital signals corresponding to the network data.
In one embodiment, the modulation modules 208 transmit the data packets 400 based on priority indices associated with the data packets 400. The priority index represents a precedence of one data packet 400 or a group of data packets 400 relative to one or more other data packets 400. The modulator modules 206 may transmit the data packets 400 having a greater priority index (indicating a higher precedence) before transmitting data packets 400 having lesser priority indices (representative of lower precedence).
The modulator modules 206 may transmit the data packets 400 may be based on a Quality of Service (QoS) characteristic of the network connection 118. The QoS characteristic is a measurement or other representation of the ability of the network connection 118 or a channel of the network connection 118 to transmit network data at a predetermined transmission rate, data flow, throughput, or bandwidth. For example, the QoS characteristic for the network connection 118 or a channel of the network connection 118 may be a comparison of the actual transmission rate of the network connection 118 or channel with a predetermined threshold transmission rate of the network connection 118 or channel. Alternatively, the QoS characteristic may be a measurement of dropped data packets 400 that are transmitted through the network connection 118 or channel, a delay or latency of transmission of the data packets 400 along the network connection 118 or channel, jitter or delays among the data packets 400, an order of delivery of the various data packets 400, and/or an error in transmitting one or more of the data packets 400.
The priority index of the data packets 400 and the QoS characteristic of the network connection 118 or channel may be used by the modulator modules 206 to determine which data packets 400 are transmitted. For example, when the QoS characteristic of the network connection 118 or a channel falls below a threshold, then only the data packets 400 having a priority index that exceeds another threshold may be transmitted.
The physical layer 500 is divided into multiple sub-layers. One sub-layer is a physical coding sub-layer (PCS) 510, which is responsible for generating PHY (physical layer) headers. A second sub-layer is a physical medium attachment (PMA) layer 512, which is responsible for scrambling and FEC (forward error correction) coding/decoding. A third sub-layer is a physical medium dependent (PMD) layer 514, which is responsible for bit-loading and OFDM modulation. The PMD layer 514 is configured for interfacing with the network connection 118, according to the particular configuration (electrical or otherwise) of the network connection 118. The other sub-layers may be medium independent, i.e., do not depend on the configuration of the network connection 118.
The switch 604 is a network switching/router module configured to process and route packet data and other data. The switch 604 interfaces the control unit 602 with the main bus 606. The switch 604 may be, for example, a layer 2/3 multi-port switch. The network interface portion 608 is electrically connected to the main bus 606, and comprises an octal PHY (physical layer) portion 622 and a network port portion 624. The network port portion 624 is electrically connected to the octal PHY portion 622. The octal PHY portion 622 may comprise a 10/100/1000 Base T S-port Ethernet (or other network) transceiver circuit. The network port portion 624 may comprise an Ethernet (or other network) transformer and associated CAT-5E receptacle (or other cable type receptacle) for receiving a network cable 626.
The VDSL module 610 also is connected to the main bus 606 by way of an octal PHY unit 628, which may be the same unit as the octal PHY portion 622 or a different octal PHY unit. The VDSL module 610 comprises a physical interface portion (PHY) 630 electrically connected to the octal PHY unit 628, a VDSL control 632 electrically connected to the physical interface portion 630, a VDSL analog front end unit 634 electrically connected to the VDSL control 632, and a VDSL port unit 636 electrically connected to the VDSL analog front end unit 634. The VDSL port unit 636 may be communicatively coupled with the network connection 118. The physical interface portion 630 acts as a physical and electrical interface with the octal PHY unit 628, e.g., the physical interface portion 630 may comprise a port and related support circuitry. The VDSL analog front end unit 634 is configured for transceiving modulated network data (e.g., sending and receiving modulated data) over the network connection 118, and may include one or more of the following: analog filters, line drivers, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and related support circuitry (e.g., capacitors).
The VDSL control 632 is configured for converting and/or processing network data for modulation and de-modulation, and may include a microprocessor unit, ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) and IP (Internet Protocol) interfaces, and digital signal processing circuitry/functionality. The VDSL port unit 636 provides a physical and electrical connection to the network connection 118, and may include transformer circuitry, circuit protection functionality, and a port or other attachment or connection mechanism for connecting the VDSL module 610 to the network connection 118. Overall operation of the communication unit 600 shown in
Returning to the discussion of the communication system 100 shown in
The lead communication unit 120 may be referred to as the arbitrating communication unit as the lead communication unit 120 may receive the data packets 400 (shown in
After the arbitration module 208 forms the reconstituted network message from the received data packets 400 (shown in
In one embodiment, the arbitration module 208 directs the modulation module 206 to transmit the message to the addressed powered units 108, 110 based on a priority index associated with the message. The priority index represents a precedence of the message relative to one or more other messages. The arbitration module 208 may direct the modulator module 206 to transmit messages having greater priority indices (indicating higher precedence) before transmitting messages having lesser priority indices (representative of lower precedence).
The arbitration module 208 may direct the modulation module 206 to transmit a message may be based on a Quality of Service (QoS) characteristic of the network connection 118. The QoS characteristic is a measurement or other representation of the ability of the network connection 118 or a channel of the network connection 118 to transmit network data at a predetermined transmission rate, data flow, throughput, or bandwidth. For example, the QoS characteristic for the network connection 118 or a channel of the network connection 118 may be a comparison of the actual transmission rate of the network connection 118 or channel with a predetermined threshold transmission rate of the network connection 118 or channel. Alternatively, the QoS characteristic may be a measurement of dropped data packets 400 that are transmitted through the network connection 118 or channel, a delay or latency of transmission of the data packets 400 along the network connection 118 or channel, jitter or delays among the data packets 400, an order of delivery of the various data packets 400, and/or an error in transmitting one or more of the data packets 400.
The priority index of a message and the QoS characteristic of the network connection 118 or channel may be used by the arbitration module 208 to determine which messages are transmitted. For example, when the QoS characteristic of the network connection 118 or a channel falls below a threshold, then only the messages having a priority index that exceeds another threshold may be transmitted.
The trailing communication units 202 that receive the reconstituted network message through the network connection 118 convey the message to the electronic components 312 of the associated powered unit 110 (shown in
If all or part of the reconstituted network message is addressed to the lead powered unit 108 (shown in
In another embodiment, the message that is transmitted by the off-board device 104 (shown in
In one embodiment, the trip profile can be used in conjunction with a software application, such as the Trip Optimizer™ software provided by General Electric Company, during an upcoming trip of the rail vehicle consist 102 over a predetermined route. As described above, the trip profile may dictate settings of the propulsion subsystems 116 during the future trip of the rail vehicle consist 102. The trip profile is used to reduce fuel consumption and/or emissions from the rail vehicle consist 102 during the trip.
The trip profile is transmitted to the antenna modules 122 by the off-board device 104 (shown in
In order to receive the message from the off-board device 104 (shown in
The initialization request may be formed by the routing module 204 of the lead communication unit 120 and may include the addresses of one or more of the antenna modules 122. For example, the antenna modules 122 of one rail vehicle consist 102 may have addresses that are different than the addresses of the antenna modules of another rail vehicle. In order to prevent the trip profile from being received by another rail vehicle, the trip profile may be transmitted with the addresses of the antenna modules 122 that are intended to receive the trip profile. Alternatively, the rail vehicles may be associated with different addresses and the trip profile may be transmitted with the address of the rail vehicle that is intended to receive the trip profile.
In another embodiment, the message may be non-trip and non-tractive control related information. For example, the message may be other data such as voice over IP (“VoIP”) data used to communicate a verbal message to human operators or passengers on the rail vehicle consist 102 (shown in
In any of the embodiments herein, the network data transmitted over the network connection 118, such as data communicated between the communication units 120, 126, may be “high bandwidth” data, meaning data transmitted at average rates of at least 10 megabytes per second. Conversely, the data transmitted from the off-board device 104 (shown in
At 702, a message request is transmitted from the rail vehicle. For example, one or more of the communication units 120, 126 (shown in
At 704, the data packets are received at one or more of plural antenna modules of the rail vehicle. For example, one or more of the antenna modules 122 (shown in
At 706, a determination is made as to whether one or more of the data packets is received by the antenna module of the arbitrating communication unit. If a data packet is received by a communication unit other than the arbitrating communication unit, then the communication unit that received the data packet may need to transmit the data packet to the arbitrating communication unit. As a result, flow of the method 700 proceeds to 710. Alternatively, if a data packet is received by the arbitrating communication unit, then the arbitrating communication unit may not need to transmit the data packet to any other communication unit at this time. As a result, flow of the method 700 can proceed to 708.
At 708, the arbitrating communication unit retains the data packet. For example, as the arbitrating communication unit received the data packet, the data packet does not need to be transmitted to the arbitrating communication unit. Flow of the method 700 proceeds from 708 to 712.
At 710, the data packet is communicated to the arbitrating communication unit via a network connection. For example, the data packet 400 (shown in
At 712, the arbitrating communication unit determines if one or more of the data packets are duplicative of each other. For example, two or more antenna modules 122 (shown in
At 714, the duplicated data packets are eliminated. For example, if the first antenna module 122 (shown in
At 716, the message is reconstituted from the data packets received at the arbitration communication unit. For example, the non-duplicated data packets 400 (shown in
At 718, the reconstituted message is transmitted to one or more of the powered units of the rail vehicle. For example, the arbitrating communication unit 120 (shown in
One or more embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for communicating with a rail vehicle consist. The systems and methods increase the probability that a wirelessly transmitted message is received by the rail vehicle consist. For example, by increasing the number of locations along the rail vehicle consist at which one or more fragments or subsets of the message may be received as data packets, the probability that the entire message will be received increases. The systems and methods also provide for reconstituting the fragments or subsets of the message into the message so that the information contained in the message may be used to control operations in the rail vehicle consist. In one embodiment, the systems and methods may be used on existing rail vehicle consists and existing communication systems of a rail vehicle consist. For example, existing antenna modules on locomotives may be coupled with each other via an existing MU cable (or one or more antenna modules may be added to the locomotives and coupled via the MU cable). The antenna modules can receive the data packets of the message and convey the data packets via the MU cable to an arbitrating communication unit that reconstitutes the message from the data packets.
In one embodiment, a communication system for a rail vehicle consist includes antenna modules, routing modules, and an arbitration module. The antenna modules are configured to be disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle consist. The antenna modules are configured to receive a trip profile from an off-board device. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more powered units of the rail vehicle consist. The routing modules are disposed on the powered units of the rail vehicle consist and are communicatively coupled with the antenna modules. The routing modules are communicatively coupled with a network connection extending along the rail vehicle consist between the lead powered unit and the trailing powered units. The arbitration module is disposed on at least one of the powered units and is communicatively coupled with the routing modules of the powered units by the network connection. One or more of the routing modules transmits the trip profile received from the off-board device to the arbitration module. The arbitration module reconstitutes the trip profile into a message that is transmitted to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the powered units.
In another aspect, at least one of the antenna modules is configured to transmit a trip initialization request to the off-board device. The trip initialization request includes a request for the trip profile.
In another aspect, the routing modules are configured to transmit the trip profile along the network connection at a faster rate than the antenna modules are configured to receive the trip profile from the off-board device.
In another aspect, the antenna modules are configured to receive different subsets of data packets forming the trip profile. The routing units may transmit the different subsets of the data packets to the arbitration module through the network connection. The arbitration module is configured to reconstitute the different subsets of the data packets into the trip profile.
In another aspect, the arbitration module is configured to eliminate duplication of one or more of the same subsets of the data packets sent by a plurality of the antenna modules when the arbitration reconstitutes the data packets into the trip profile.
In another aspect, the arbitration module is configured to transmit the message to one or more of the powered units through the network connection.
In another aspect, the router modules are configured to communicate the trip profile to the arbitration module through a cable bus that extends between the powered units.
In another aspect, one or more of the antenna modules are configured to receive at least part of the trip profile after the trip initialization request is transmitted by a master transceiver unit.
In another aspect, the antenna modules are associated with a unique address of the rail vehicle consist and a master transceiver unit is configured to transmit the unique address of the rail vehicle consist to the off-board device with a trip initialization request. The trip profile may include the unique address of the rail vehicle consist.
In another aspect, each of the transceiver units is associated with a unique address and the master transceiver unit is configured to transmit a plurality of the unique addresses of the transceiver units to the off-board device with the trip initialization request. The trip profile may include the plurality of unique addresses.
In another embodiment, a method for communicating with a rail vehicle consist is provided. The method includes receiving a trip profile from an off-board device at antenna modules disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle consist. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more powered units of the rail vehicle consist. The method also includes communicating at least part of the trip profile as received by one or more of the antenna modules to an arbitration module associated with one or more of the powered units through a network connection extending between the powered units. The method further includes forming a message from the trip profile at the arbitration module and transmitting the message from the arbitration module to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the powered units through the network connection.
In another aspect, the method also includes transmitting a trip initialization request to the off-board device. The trip initialization request may include a request for the trip profile.
In another aspect, at least one of the communicating or transmitting steps includes communicating the trip profile or transmitting the message along the network connection at a faster rate than the receiving step receives the trip profile.
In another aspect, the receiving step includes receiving different subsets of data packets forming the trip profile at the antenna modules and the method also includes reconstituting the different subsets of the data packets into the trip profile.
In another aspect, the reconstituting step includes eliminating duplication of one or more of the same subsets of the data packets.
In another aspect, the trip profile includes at least one of tractive or braking settings to be applied by one or more of the powered units during an upcoming trip of the rail vehicle consist.
In another aspect, the receiving step includes wirelessly receiving the trip profile from the off-board device while the rail vehicle consist is moving.
In another embodiment, a computer readable storage medium for a communication system of a rail vehicle consist is provided. The computer readable storage medium includes instructions to direct a processor to receive a trip profile transmitted by an off-board device and obtained by one or more antenna modules disposed at spaced apart locations along the rail vehicle consist. The trip profile is related to at least one of tractive effort or braking effort supplied by one or more powered units of the rail vehicle consist. The instructions also direct the processor to examine the trip profile to identify a message represented by the trip profile and transmit the message to a propulsion subsystem of one or more of the powered units through the network connection. The propulsion subsystem is configured to change the at least one of the tractive effort or braking effort during an upcoming trip.
In another aspect, the instructions direct the processor to transmit a trip initialization request to the off-board device. The trip initialization request may include a request for the trip profile.
In another aspect, the instructions direct the processor to transmit the message along the network connection at a faster rate than the antenna modules receive the trip profile.
In another aspect, the instructions direct the processor to receive different subsets of data packets forming the trip control and reconstitute the different subsets of the data packets into the trip profile.
In another aspect, the instructions direct the processor to eliminate duplication of one or more of the same subsets of the data packets.
In another aspect, the instructions direct the processor to receive the trip profile and form the message while the rail vehicle consist is moving.
In another embodiment, a communication method comprises a step of receiving data relating to a trip profile. The data is received wirelessly at a first rail car of a rail vehicle consist. The data is received from a dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating the data from the first rail car to a second rail car of the rail vehicle consist. The data is communicated over a network interconnecting the first and second rail cars. (The rail cars may be powered units; the network may be a wired network.) The method further comprises controlling the rail vehicle consist based on the data as received by the second rail vehicle from the first rail vehicle over the network. Control may include, for example, propulsion and/or braking commands for moving the rail vehicle consist along a route.
In another embodiment, a communication method comprises a step of receiving first data relating to a trip profile. The first data is received wirelessly at a first rail car of a rail vehicle consist. The first data is received from a dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating the first data from the first rail car to a second rail car of the rail vehicle consist. The first data is communicated over a network interconnecting the first and second rail cars. (The rail cars may be powered units; the network may be a wired network.) The method further comprises receiving second data relating to the trip profile. The second data is received wirelessly at a third rail car of the rail vehicle consist from the dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating the second data from the third rail car to the second rail car of the rail vehicle consist. The second data is communicated over the network, which interconnects the first, second, and third rail cars. The method further comprises arbitrating the first data (as received by the second rail vehicle from the first rail vehicle over the network) and the second data (as received by the second rail vehicle from the third rail vehicle over the network) to produce arbitrated data relating to the trip profile. The rail vehicle consist is controlled based on the arbitrated data. Control may include, for example, propulsion and/or braking commands for moving the rail vehicle consist along a route. Arbitration may include resolving conflicts between the first data and the second data, combining all or part of the first data with all or part of the second data, or otherwise processing the first data and the second data for generating the arbitrated data, which may comprise all or part of the trip profile.
In another embodiment, a communication method comprises a step of receiving, at one or more of a plurality of wireless receivers respectively located on a plurality of rail cars (e.g., powered units) of a rail vehicle consist, data relating to a trip profile. The data is received from a dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating the data to a first rail car of the plurality of rail cars. The data is communicated over a network interconnecting the plurality of rail cars. The method further comprises, at the first rail car, forming at least one message for controlling the rail vehicle consist for motoring along a route. The at least one message is formed based on the data communicated over the network and received at the first rail car. In an embodiment, the at least one message is communicated to a respective propulsion subsystem of one or more cars of the rail vehicle consist. In another embodiment, the network is a wired network.
In another embodiment, a communication method comprises a step of receiving data relating to a trip profile. The data is received wirelessly at a first rail car and a second rail car of a rail vehicle consist. The data is received from a dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating at least a portion of the data from the first rail car and the second rail car to a third rail car of the consist. The portion is communicated over a network interconnecting the first, second, and third rail cars. (The rail cars may be powered units.) The method further comprises, at the third rail car, forming at least one message for controlling the rail vehicle consist for motoring along a route. The at least one message is formed based on the portion of the data communicated over the network and received at the third rail car. In an embodiment, the at least one message is communicated to a respective propulsion subsystem of one or more cars of the rail vehicle consist. In another embodiment, the network is a wired network.
In another embodiment, a communication method comprises a step of receiving first data and second data relating to a trip profile. The first data is received wirelessly at a first rail car, and the second data is received at a second rail car. The first rail car and the second rail car are part of a rail vehicle consist that also includes a third rail car. The first data and the second data are received from a dispatch center or other source off-board the rail vehicle consist. The method further comprises communicating at least a first data portion of the first data and at least a second data portion of the second data, from the first and second rail cars, respectively, to the third rail car. The first data portion and the second data portion are communicated over a network interconnecting the first, second, and third rail cars. (The rail cars may be powered units; the network may be a wired network.) The method further comprises, at the third rail car, arbitrating the first data portion and the second data portion. Arbitration may include resolving conflicts between the first data portion and the second data portion, combining all or part of the first data portion with all or part of the second data portion, or otherwise processing the first data portion and the second data portion for use in at least partially re-forming or reconstituting the trip profile or an aspect of the trip profile. The method further comprises, at the third rail car, forming at least one message for controlling the rail vehicle consist for motoring along a route. The at least one message is formed based on the first data portion and the second data portion. For example, the at least one message may be formed based on an at least partially re-formed or reconstituted trip profile or aspect of the trip profile. In an embodiment, the at least one message is communicated to a respective propulsion subsystem of one or more cars of the rail vehicle consist.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended to define the parameters of the invention, they are by no means limiting and are exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the subject matter described herein should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statement of function void of further structure.
This written description uses examples to disclose several embodiments of the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the embodiments disclosed herein, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the subject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
The foregoing description of certain embodiments of the disclosed subject matter will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. To the extent that the figures illustrate diagrams of the functional blocks of various embodiments, the functional blocks are not necessarily indicative of the division between hardware circuitry. Thus, for example, one or more of the functional blocks (for example, processors or memories) may be implemented in a single piece of hardware (for example, a general purpose signal processor, microcontroller, random access memory, hard disk, and the like). Similarly, the programs may be stand alone programs, may be incorporated as subroutines in an operating system, may be functions in an installed software package, and the like. The various embodiments are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.
As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural of said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly stated. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments “comprising,” “including,” or “having” an element or a plurality of elements having a particular property may include additional such elements not having that property.
Since certain changes may be made in the above-described systems and methods for communicating with a rail vehicle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter herein involved, it is intended that all of the subject matter of the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted merely as examples illustrating the inventive concepts herein and shall not be construed as limiting the disclosed subject matter.
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