Patent Grant
8145378
The invention described and claimed hereinbelow is also described in German Patent Application DE 10 2008 026 452.0 filed on Jun. 3, 2008. This German Patent Application, whose subject matter is incorporated here by reference, provides the basis for a claim of priority of invention under 35 U.S.C. 119(a)-(d).
The present invention relates to a communication system for exchanging data between data recipients and data generators.
Today, vehicles such as agricultural working machines include a large number of electronic monitoring devices which exchange data via an internal bus system, or which exchange data with external communication devices via this bus system. Among many other things, an essential purpose of this data exchange is to monitor and control the mode of operation of the particular vehicle and its working units, and to ensure that highly diverse monitoring functions are performed properly. In the agricultural application, particular significance is attributed to ensuring that the settings for the operating parameters of the working units of an agricultural working machine are optimal, and, in particular, to monitoring the service life of components of the vehicle.
Depending on the configuration of the data generation and transmission systems, sensor systems internal to the machine detect operating states of the vehicle and its working units. These operating states are compared in internal or external data processing devices with characteristic curves and/or defined operating states which are stored therein; results data are generated which are then used to optimize various parameters of the vehicle and its working units. In this context it is also known to monitor the service life of certain working units and their components using internal or external diagnostic systems, and, depending on the structure of the diagnostic system, to identify any disturbances that occurred and identify their causes, or to diagnose information about the remaining services lives of components.
The numerous monitoring and control functions described above are typically carried out by control devices which, depending on the design stage and development status, include software modules which must be updated regularly. With regard for adjusting operating parameters in a manner that is controlled via characteristic curves, this regular updating is carried out because the particular control devices must be reprogrammed depending on crop material parameters and efficiency characteristic values of the agricultural working machine; in the simplest case, the reprogramming includes selecting a characteristic curve which is stored in a data processing device, and which then adapts the functionality of the particular control device to the new basic conditions. In every case, it is necessary for the data exchange to take place between the appropriate control devices and data processing devices, and in the correct direction.
From the prior art, e.g. DE 198 49 810, it is known that flash memories for programming control devices are designed in such a manner that user access rights and serial numbers of control devices are stored in them. If a user wants to reprogram certain control devices, he must identify the particular control device by entering and verifying the access right and the serial number. Given that safety considerations are paramount in communications of this type, a specific communication route is determined by explicitly entering identification data and comparing it with identification data that are stored in the flash memory; via this communication route and in a next step, communication takes place between a control device and a data processing device which is designed, e.g. as a diagnostic device. Communication systems designed in this manner have the disadvantage in particular that an individual, e.g. the operator of the diagnostic device, must always first enter data in a communication medium, based on which communication may then take place. This slows the communication process, binds it to a certain communication medium, and makes it complex and expensive since it requires operator intervention.
DE 195 41 816 makes known a further communication system with which a diagnostic device may communicate with the control device of a vehicle. To ensure that the control device may communicate with the control devices of various vehicle types or models of a vehicle type, the diagnostic device is designed such that it may change its identity using software which is stored on a memory cassette, in a manner such that it may communicate with highly diverse types of control devices. Systems of this type have the disadvantage, however, that the particular application—in this case, the diagnostic device that is adapted specifically to the particular vehicle type and its control devices using software—must include very specific information about the control device to be diagnosed, the data communication route, and the type of communication medium. As a result, the use of the diagnostic system becomes that much more inflexible the fewer the number of vehicle-specific software packages is that are stored on the memory cassette. In addition, increasing the number of vehicle-specific data packets that are stored on the memory cassette increases the costs of the memory cassette considerably.
The object of the present invention, therefore, is to avoid the disadvantages of the related art described above and, in particular, to provide a communication system with which the communication routes and the size of the data records to be transmitted are optimized, thereby resulting in a communication system having universal applicability, and that is cost-effective and operates efficiently.
In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in a communication system for exchanging data between data recipients and data generators, comprising a communication network via which a data exchange takes place between stationary and/or mobile units and/or within a stationary or mobile unit, said communication network connecting various communication media to one another; at least one communication manager assigned to said communication network, and identifying a communication route of a data record between a particular data generator and an associated data recipient independently of a communication medium.
Given that, in the case of the communication system for exchanging data between data recipients and data generators, the communication network that enables the data exchange connects data transmission paths of various communication media to one another—at least one communication manager being assigned to the communication network, and the at least one communication manager identifying the communication route of a data record between the particular data generator and the associated data recipient independently of the communication medium—it is ensured that the communication routes and the size of the data records to be transmitted are optimized, thereby resulting in a communication system having universal applicability, and that is cost-effective and operates efficiently.
In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the data record(s) contain(s) information about the data generator, the data recipient, and the communication medium, and the information is readable by the communication manager; the communication manager transmits the data record to the correct data recipient and in the associated communication medium based on the information that was identified by the data generator. In this manner, it is ensured that the individual data record does not need to contain any information about the actual communication route, thereby reducing the quantity of data to be transmitted in the communication network; when the hardware configuration of the communication network is the same, this results in rapid transmission of the data records.
Given that the data generator becomes the data recipient, and that the data recipient becomes the data generator on the communication route of the particular data record, it is also ensured that the data transmission architecture is transparent, thereby also ensuring that the data exchange will be more efficient.
In an advantageous development of the present invention
In an advantageous development of the present invention, the communication manager is assigned to a mobile unit designed as an agricultural working machine, the mobile unit including a CAN bus system; the communication manager controls the data exchange between data generators and data recipients within the CAN bus system, and between the CAN bus system and external data generators and data recipients. In this manner, it is ensured with regard for communication that takes place internal to or external to the machine that the data records to be exchanged do not need to contain information about the particular communication route, the communication medium, or the particular communication platform.
In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the data generators and data recipients that are assigned to the agricultural working machine and that are integrated in their CAN bus system are formed by control devices and/or at least one control and input device and/or at least one diagnostic system, and wherein it is possible to integrate external data generators and data recipients, preferably external diagnostic systems, in the CAN bus system. This has the advantage that the communication network may be used in a highly flexible manner, and it is not bound to certain agricultural working machines, their control devices, or to certain diagnostic systems.
Given that, in an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the “requests” data record and the “response” data record in the communication network may travel along external communication routes and/or internal communication routes, that the internal communication routes include the communication routes within the control device, and that the external communication routes include the communication routes outside of this control device, it is ensured that the communication network according to the present invention may respond to data requests that are internal or external to the machine.
Depending on the complexity of the request, the communication system according to the present invention may be designed such that the “requests” data record is transmitted via the communication manager to one or more data recipients, and that the one or more data recipients generate(s) a “response” data record. In this manner, it is possible to create and exchange highly complex information in the communication network. In this context, it is also advantageous when the several data recipients that generate a “response” data record may be reached via a combination of internal and external communication routes, so that, e.g. information from a plurality of control devices may be combined into one single “response” data record, rather than existing as separate “response” data records.
In order to easily realize the data exchange according to the present invention in addition to the bus system-based control of a control device to implement its original control and regulating function, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the present invention that the at least one control device includes a software and hardware module which is directly connected to the CAN bus system via a first communication interface, and the control device includes at least one further communication interface that includes a communication manager, which makes it possible for data to be exchanged between the CAN bus system and a software module of the software and hardware module of the control device in a protocol standard, e.g. the keyword protocol standard, as the bypass of the first communication interface.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention the software and hardware module of the control device includes an electronic control unit and/or an on-board diagnostics and calibration module and/or a teleservice module, wherein the communication manager enables the data exchange between them via internal communication routes and between these devices and further control devices and diagnostic modules on external communication routes. This communication architecture also results in an efficient exchange of data records in the communication system.
Furthermore, given that control and regulating characteristic curves for the particular control device are stored in an editable manner in the electronic control unit, and that malfunction information that relates to the control device may be called up from the electronic control unit, and that by using the on-board diagnostic and calibration module it is possible to request the malfunction information, to calibrate the control devices, and to change the control and regulating characteristic curves which are stored in the electronic control unit, and that data from one or more control devices may be requested periodically via the teleservice module, and that the request is carried out automatically by the teleservice module, the communication system according to the present invention is designed such that it may realize nearly any essential application of the data exchange between various units that are integrated in a bus system.
Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of further dependent claims and are described below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in a plurality of figures.
Agricultural working machine 1 which is designed as a combine harvester 2 and is depicted schematically in
An agricultural working machine 1 that differs from combine harvester 2 depicted here may be any type of agricultural working machine, such as a forage harvester, tractors with attachments, hauling vehicles and the like; it includes a driver's cab 21 in which at least one control and regulating device 23 which includes a display device 22 is located, using which a large number of processes to be described in greater detail may be controlled, the processes being initiated automatically or by operator 24 of agricultural working machine 1. Control and regulating device 23 communicates via a bus system 25 with sensor systems 26 which will be described in greater detail.
For clarity,
In a manner according to the present invention, software module 36 of software and hardware module 33 includes a software-based and/or hardware-based communication interface 37 which makes it possible via a standardized protocol, e.g. a keyword protocol standard, for software and hardware module 33 to communicate with CAN bus system 25 of agricultural working machine 1 in the manner of a bypass. A communication manager 38 which will be described in greater detail below, and which is used to optimize the data transmission between CAN bus system 25 and software and hardware module 33 of control device 31 is integrated in communication interface 37.
Every control device 31 also includes a further hardware- or software-based communication interface 40 via which particular software and hardware module 33 may communicate directly, i.e exchange data, with CAN bus system 25 via particular line system 32 or wirelessly, thereby bypassing communication interface 37 which includes communication manager 38. In addition, control and regulating device 23 which is assigned to agricultural working machine 1 and includes display device 22 is integrated in CAN bus system 25 of agricultural working machine 1 via a line system 32 or in a wireless manner. While control and regulating device 23 and various control devices 31 are situated inside the machine, it is also possible for external data processing device 41, preferably diagnostic systems 46 known per se, to be integrated in CAN bus system 25 of agricultural working machine 1, usually via wireless data transmission routes 32.
In this manner, a communication system 42 is obtained in which data may be exchanged between internal control devices 31 and control and regulating device 23, and/or between these devices and one or more external data processing devices 41. Regarding control devices 31, the communication and the related data exchange may take place directly between CAN bus system 25 and particular software and hardware module 33 via an appropriate communication interface 40. This communication route is typically used when data generated by the internal sensors should be transmitted to external systems, or when various working units 20 of agricultural working machine 1 should be operated according to control characteristic curves which are stored in control devices 31 and/or control and regulating device 23. In a manner according to the present invention, the data exchange between software and hardware modules 33 of control devices 31, control and regulating device 23, and one or more external data processing devices 41 may also take place via CAN bus system 25 and particular communication interface 37—which includes a communication manager 38—of control devices 31.
The communication route according to the present invention which includes communication manager 38 is typically used when a new version of control software, i.e. an update, for particular control device 31 should be transmitted to one or more control devices 31. In this case, the communication typically takes place between external data processing devices 41 and control devices 31 which are integrated in CAN bus system 25, and/or control and regulating device 23. A further essential field of application is the calibration of certain sensor systems 26 of agricultural working machine 1. In these cases, characteristic curves are defined based on detected parameters, which then describe the control function of a certain control device 31 or several control devices 31; in a preferred embodiment, the characteristic curves are stored directly in software and hardware modules 33 of control devices 31. A further application is the diagnosis of particular control device 31 itself, or the diagnosis of actuators 43 of working units 20, which are controlled by particular control device 31, and the diagnosis of assigned sensor systems 26, it being possible to use internal and/or external diagnostic systems 46 in this case. In this manner, a diagnostic function is provided that detects disturbances, malfunctions, and failures of working units 2 or the point in time when working units 20 are likely to fail.
Communication manager 38 includes a software module 52 which is designed such that communication manager 38 may identify, based on “requests” data record 51 that was received, data generator 50 of “requests” data record 51, associated data recipient 53, and the particular communication medium. Based on this information, communication manager 38 automatically defines further communication route 54 to one or more internal and/or external network nodes 55, which will be described in greater detail, and which are also used to access one or more data recipients 53 according to the present invention. In this manner, it is made possible that “requests” data record 51 need not contain information about communication route 54 in bus system 25, thereby ensuring that particular data generator 50 must not have special knowledge of particular agricultural working machine 1 and bus system 25 assigned thereto; this results in smaller quantities of data to be transmitted, and in a more universal use of data generators 50.
In a subsequent communication step, particular data recipient 53 of “requests” data record 51 generates “response” data record 56; depending on the type of communication route 44, 45 of data generator 50 and the contents of “requests” data record 51, data recipient 53 is controlled on an internal or external communication route 44, 45, and it may be control devices 31, control and regulating device 23, and/or one or more external data processing devices 41. Once “response” data record 56 has been generated by data recipient 53, it functions as a data generator 57 and transmits “response” data record 56 via CAN bus system 25 and particular communication interface 37 to communication manager 38 according to the present invention. Its software module 52 now identifies data recipient 58 based on “response” data record 56, which is now original data generator 50 of “requests” data record 51. It is precisely data generator 50—e.g. external data processing device 41, a control device 31, or control and regulating device 23—which previously generated “requests” data record 51 that receives “response” data record 56.
In analogy to the transmission of “requests” data record 51, communication manager 38 also automatically defines—based on the information taken from “response” data record 56—the communication medium and communication route 54 from new data generator 57 to related data recipient 58 without particular “response” data record 56 including special information about the communication medium and the communication route to particular data recipient 58 which is original data generator 50. In this manner, the size of “response” data record 56 is kept small, thereby ensuring that data are transmitted rapidly.
Data generators 50 that define “requests” data record 51, and that, as data recipients 58, receive “response” data record 56, and data recipients 53 that receive “requests” data record 51 and, as data generators 57, also generate “response” data record 56, may be assigned internally and/or externally, as data processing devices 65, 66, to a mobile or stationary unit. An example of a mobile unit in this case is agricultural working machine 1 which is designed as combine harvester 2, or a mobile diagnostic system 46, while the stationary unit may be designed, e.g. as a centrally acting remote-diagnostic system 46. In the embodiment described here, data processing devices 65, 66 are control devices 31 and/or control and regulating device 23, and/or external data processing devices 41. Depending on “who” functions as data generator 50, 57, and “who” functions as data recipient 53, 58, various data processing devices 65, 66 are assigned internally or externally to the mobile or stationary device.
Teleservice module 69 also generates a “requests” data record 51 which includes data to be requested periodically, such as fuel consumption, engine capacity utilization, etc., wherein “requests” data record 51 is generated automatically by teleservice module 69 without any direct involvement by operator 24 of agricultural working machine 1. Given that “requests” data records 51 may only be generated via on-board diagnostic and calibration module 68 and teleservice module 69 of a control device 31, modules 68, 69 form the “protocol master”, P master 70. Control unit 67—which generates “response” data record 56 according to the present invention—of a control device then forms “protocol slave”, P slave 71. For simplicity, further control devices 31 are depicted symbolically in
In the manner according to the present invention, every control device 31 includes a communication manager 38 which controls the data exchange within a control device 31 on internal communication routes 44 and/or outside of a control device 31 on external communication routes 45 between control devices 31, 31a and various diagnostic systems 46a, 46b. As described above, communication interface 37, which includes communication manager 38, communicates according to a defined protocol, e.g. the keyword protocol. In addition, in a manner known per se, every control device includes a CAN bus driver 72 which enables communication by particular control device 31 with internal CAN bus system 25. Of the large number of possible examples of communication, the essential ones will be described below, as examples.
If the communication takes place between control devices 31, 31a and external diagnostic systems 46a, b, then external diagnostic systems 46a, b generate “requests” data records 51 which may include new software packages to be installed in order to adapt the control characteristic curves to individual control devices 31, and the error information query. “Requirements” data records 51 are transmitted via internal bus system 25 to control device(s) 31, 31a. In particular control device 31, communication manager 38 accepts “requests” data record 51, identifies—independently of the particular communication medium, e.g. data lines, telephone connection, radio—data generator 50 which is particular diagnostic system 46a, b in this case, and data recipient 53 which is electronic control unit 67 of particular control device 31 in this case. “Response” data record 56 is then generated in particular control device 31, 31a, which includes the requested error information or a confirmation that the software installation was successful. “Response” data record 56 is then transmitted via particular communication manager 38 to appropriate diagnostic system 46a, b. When “response” data record 56 is transmitted, former data generator 50 becomes data recipient 58, and former data recipient 53 becomes data generator 57.
A further application is illustrated in
It is within the scope of the present invention for a display device (not depicted) to be assigned directly to a control device 31, thereby also enabling “response” data record 56 to be visualized directly in a control device 31. If on-board diagnostic and calibration module 68 should be used only to calibrate control devices 31, the communication may be structured such that “requests” data record 51 is transmitted by on-board diagnostic and calibration module 68 of a control device 31 to its communication manager 38, and further communication takes place exclusively via external communication routes 45 using on-board diagnostic and calibration modules 68 of further control devices 31a. An application of this type always results when the change or adaptation made to the control characteristic curves of a control device 31 affect the control characteristic curves of further control devices 31a.
A further application is the communication between teleservice module 69 and on-board diagnostic and calibration module 68 of the same control device 31 or on-board diagnostic and calibration modules 68 of further control devices 31a. This communication also takes place, as described above, when data that must be requested periodically or sporadically, such as fuel consumption or engine capacity utilization, must be obtained.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a communication system for exchanging data, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
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