Patent Grant
7320624
The present invention relates generally to communication connectors and more particularly to crosstalk compensation in communication connectors.
In an electrical communication system, it is sometimes advantageous to transmit information signals (video, audio, data) over a pair of wires (hereinafter “wire-pair” or “differential pair”) rather than a single wire, wherein the transmitted signal comprises the voltage difference between the wires without regard to the absolute voltages present. Each wire in a wire-pair is susceptible to picking up electrical noise from sources such as lightning, automobile spark plugs and radio stations to name but a few. Because this type of noise is common to both wires within a pair, the differential signal is typically not disturbed. This is a fundamental reason for having closely spaced differential pairs.
Of greater concern, however, is the electrical noise that is picked up from nearby wires or pairs of wires that may extend in the same general direction for some distances and not cancel differentially on the victim pair. This is referred to as crosstalk. Particularly, in a communication system involving networked computers, channels are formed by cascading plugs, jacks and cable segments. In such channels, a modular plug often mates with a modular jack, and the proximities and routings of the electrical wires (conductors) and contacting structures within the jack and/or plug also can produce capacitive as well as inductive couplings that generate near-end crosstalk (NEXT) (i.e., the crosstalk measured at an input location corresponding to a source at the same location) as well as far-end crosstalk (FEXT) (i.e., the crosstalk measured at the output location corresponding to a source at the input location). Such crosstalks occur from closely-positioned wires over a short distance. In all of the above situations, undesirable signals are present on the electrical conductors that can interfere with the information signal. When the same noise signal is added to each wire in the wire-pair, the voltage difference between the wires will remain about the same and differential cross-talk is not induced, while at the same time the average voltage on the two wires with respect to ground reference is elevated and common mode crosstalk is induced. On the other hand, when an opposite but equal noise signal is added to each wire in the wire pair, the voltage difference between the wires will be elevated and differential crosstalk is induced, while the average voltage on the two wires with respect to ground reference is not elevated and common mode crosstalk is not induced.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,358 to Adriaenssens et al. (hereinafter “the '358 patent”) describes a two-stage scheme for compensating differential to differential NEXT for a plug-jack combination (the entire contents of the '358 patent are hereby incorporated herein by reference, as are U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,915,989; 6,042,427; 6,050,843; and 6,270,381). Connectors described in the '358 patent can reduce the internal NEXT (original crosstalk) between the electrical wire pairs of a modular plug by adding a fabricated or artificial crosstalk, usually in the jack, at one or more stages, thereby canceling or reducing the overall crosstalk for the plug-jack combination. The fabricated crosstalk is referred to herein as a compensation crosstalk. This idea can often be implemented by twice crossing the path of one of the differential pairs within the connector relative to the path of another differential pair within the connector, thereby providing two stages of NEXT compensation. This scheme can be more efficient at reducing the NEXT than a scheme in which the compensation is added at a single stage, especially when the second and subsequent stages of compensation include a time delay that is selected to account for differences in phase between the offending and compensating crosstalk. This type of arrangement can include capacitive and/or inductive elements that introduce multi-stage crosstalk compensation, and is typically employed in jack lead frames and printed wiring board (“PWB”) strictures within jacks. These configurations can allow connectors to meet, for example, “Category 6” performance standards set forth in ANSI/EIA/TIA 568, which are primary component standards for mated plugs and jacks for transmission frequencies up to 250 MHz.
Alien NEXT is the differential crosstalk that occurs between communication channels. Obviously, physical separation between jacks will help and/or typical crosstalk approaches may be employed. However, a problem case may be “pair 3” of one channel crosstalking to “pair 3” of another channel, even if the pair 3 plug and jack wires in each channel are remote from each other and the only coupling occurs between the routed cabling. To reduce this form of alien NEXT, shielded systems containing shielded twisted pairs or foiled twisted pair configurations may be used. However, the inclusion of shields can increase cost of the system. Another approach to reduce or minimize alien NEXT utilizes spatial separation of cables within a channel and/or spatial separation between the jacks in a channel. However, this is typically impractical because bundling of cables and patch cords is common practice due to “real estate” constraints and ease of wire management.
In spite of recent strides made in improving mated connector (i.e., plug jack) performance, and in particular reducing crosstalk at elevated frequencies (e.g., 500 MHz—see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/845,104, entitled NEXT High Frequency Improvement by Using Frequency Dependent Effective Capacitance, filed May 4, 2004, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference), channels utilizing connectors that rely on either these teachings or those of the '358 patent can still exhibit unacceptably high alien NEXT, particularly at very high frequencies (e.g., 500 MHz).
The present invention can provide communications jacks with improved differential to common mode and differential to differential NEXT and FEXT performance, particularly at high frequencies. As a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a wiring board for a communications jack, comprising: a dielectric mounting substrate; and a plurality of contact wires mounted in the mounting substrate, each of the contact wires including a fixed end portion mounted in the mounting substrate and a free end portion, each of the free end portions having substantially the same profile and being substantially transversely aligned in side-by-side relationship. A first pair of contact wires is sandwiched inside a second pair of contact wires. The second pair of contact wires includes a crossover, the positioning of crossover being selected to provide differential to common mode crosstalk compensation.
As a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a wiring board for a communications jack, comprising: a dielectric mounting substrate; and first, second, third and fourth pairs of contact wires mounted in the mounting substrate, each of the contact wires including a fixed end portion mounted in the mounting substrate and a free end portion, each of the free end portions having substantially the same profile and being substantially transversely aligned in side-by-side relationship. The wires of the first pair of contact wires are immediately adjacent to each other and are sandwiched inside the third pair of contact wires, the wires of the second pair are immediately adjacent to each other, the wires of the fourth pair are immediately adjacent to each other, and the second and fourth pairs sandwich the third pair. The third pair of contact wires includes a crossover, the positioning of crossover being selected to provide differential to common mode crosstalk compensation.
As a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a communications jack assembly, comprising: a jack frame having a plug aperture; a dielectric mounting substrate attached to the jack frame; and a plurality of conductors engaged with the mounting substrate, each of the conductors including a fixed end portion mounted with the mounting substrate and a free end portion extending into the plug aperture for electrical contact with a mating plug, each of the free end portions having substantially the same profile and being substantially transversely aligned in side-by-side relationship. A first pair of conductors is sandwiched inside a second pair of conductors. The second pair of conductors includes a crossover, the positioning of crossover being selected to provide differential to common mode crosstalk compensation.
Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, communications jacks are provided which include a housing having a plug aperture and a wiring board. These jacks further include a first contact wire and a second contact wire that form a first differential pair of contact wires, the first and second contact wires each having a fixed end portion that is mounted in the wiring board and a deflectable portion that is at least partially positioned in the plug aperture. These jacks also include a third contact wire and a fourth contact wire that form a second differential pair of contact wires, the third and fourth contact wires each having a fixed end portion that is mounted in the wiring board and a deflectable portion that is at least partially positioned in the plug aperture. In these jacks, at least a portion of the first differential pair of contact wires is sandwiched in between the contact wires of the second differential pair of contact wires, and the third contact wire crosses over the deflectable portion of the first contact wire and the deflectable portion of the second contact wire.
In some embodiments of these jacks the fourth contact wire may cross under the deflectable portion of the first contact wire and the deflectable portion of the second contact wire. Moreover, the fourth contact wire may also cross under the deflectable portion of the third contact wire and the third contact wire may also cross over the deflectable portion of the fourth contact wire. The portion of the third contact wire that crosses over the deflectable portions of the first and second contact wires may be a crossover segment, and the third contact wire may include a support finger. The crossover segment may be between the fixed end portion of the third contact wire and the support finger. The support finger may be supported by a separate support stricture.
In further embodiments of the present invention, communications jacks are provided which again include a housing having a plug aperture and a wiring board. The jacks also include a first contact wire and a second contact wire that form a first differential pair of contact wires, the first and second contact wires each comprising a wire segment that includes a fixed end mounted in the wiring board and a free end, as well as a third contact wire and a fourth contact wire that form a second differential pair of contact wires. The third and fourth contact wires, however, may each comprise a wire segment that includes a fixed end mounted in the wiring board and a free end, and a support finger that branches off of the wire segment between the fixed end and the free end.
In these jacks, the second differential pair of contact wires may include a crossover that is located in a deflectable portion of the contact wires. Moreover, the support finger of the third contact wire may engage a first support structure and the support finger of the fourth contact wire may engage a second support structure. These jacks may also include a stop that engages a distal end portion of the support finger of the third contact wire.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, communications jacks are provided which include a housing having a plug aperture, a wiring board, a first contact wire and a second contact wire that form a first differential pair of contact wires, the first and second contact wires each having a fixed end portion that is mounted in the wiring board and a free end portion and a third contact wire and a fourth contact wire that form a second differential pair of contact wires, the third and fourth contact wires each having a fixed end portion that is mounted in the wiring board, a free end portion, an intermediate segment connecting the fixed end portion and the free end portion and a support finger branching off of the intermediate segment, the support finger including a base end that connects to the intermediate segment and a distal end opposite the base end. In these jacks, the support finger and the free end portion of the third contact wire may be substantially aligned in a longitudinal direction and may not be aligned with the fixed end portion of the third contact wire.
In these jacks, the third contact wire may be configured so that the support finger and the free end portion of the third contact wire form a beam that absorbs substantially all of the strain experienced by the third contact wire in response to insertion of a mating plug into the plug aperture. In addition, the distal end of the support finger of the third contact wire may not be fixedly mounted. These jacks may also include a first stop that engages the distal end of the support finger of the third contact wire and/or a second stop that engages the free end of the third contact wire when a mating plug is inserted into the plug aperture and then removed.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, communications jacks are provided that include a housing having a plug aperture. These jacks further include a first contact wire and a second contact wire that form a first differential pair of contact wires, as well as a third contact wire and a fourth contact wire that form a second differential pair of contact wires. The first and second contact wires each including a first end, a second end and an intermediate portion connecting the first end and the second end. In addition, the jacks include a first conductive element branching off of the intermediate portion of the first contact wire. This first conductive element crosses over the third contact wire and the fourth contact wire. The jacks also include a second conductive element branching off of the intermediate portion of the second contact wire. The second conductive element similarly crosses under the third contact wire and the fourth contact wire.
In these jacks, the first ends and the second ends of the first and second contact wires may be free-floating. The jacks may also include a wiring board. The first conductive element may comprise a signal carrying path from the first contact wire onto the wiring board, and the second conductive element may comprise a signal carrying path from the second contact wire onto the wiring board. The jacks may further include a first stop that engages the first end of the first contact wire, a second stop that engages the first end of the second contact wire, a third stop that engages the second end of the first contact wire and/or a fourth stop that engages the second end of the second contact wire. In some embodiments of these jacks, the first conductive element may be a fixed end portion of the first contact wire, the first end of the first contact wire may be a distal end of a support finger of the first contact, the second conductive element may be a fixed end portion of the second contact wire, and/or the first end of the second contact wire may be a distal end of a support finger of the second contact.
The present invention will be described more particularly hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention is not intended to be limited to the illustrated embodiments; rather, these embodiments are intended to fully and completely disclose the invention to those skilled in this art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Thicknesses and dimensions of some components may be exaggerated for clarity.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
This invention is directed to communications connectors, with a primary example of such being a communications jack. As used herein, the terms “forward”, “forwardly”, and “front” and derivatives thereof refer to the direction defined by a vector extending from the center of the jack toward the plug opening of the jack. Conversely, the terms “rearward”, “rearwardly”, and derivatives thereof refer to the direction directly opposite the forward direction; the rearward direction is defined by a vector that extends away from the plug opening toward the remainder of the jack. The terms “lateral,” “laterally”, and derivatives thereof refer to the direction generally parallel with the plane defined by a wiring board on which jack contact wires are mounted and extending away from a plane bisecting the plug in the center. The terms “medial,” “inward,” “inboard,” and derivatives thereof refer to the direction that is the converse of the lateral direction, i.e., the direction parallel with the plane defined by the wiring board and extending from the periphery of the jack toward the aforementioned bisecting plane. Where used, the terms “attached”, “connected”, “interconnected”, “contacting”, “mounted” and the like can mean either direct or indirect attachment or contact between elements, unless stated otherwise. Where used, the terms “coupled,” “induced” and the like can mean non-conductive interaction, either direct or indirect, between elements or between different sections of the same element, unless stated otherwise.
Referring now to the figures, a prior art jack, designated broadly at 10, is illustrated in
In addition, referring still to
Referring again to
As can be seen in
Referring once again to
Referring now to
U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,853 to Hashim (the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety) describes a technique whereby capacitive compensation is used to simultaneously compensate differential to differential and differential to common mode crosstalk. However, in order to effectively cancel both NEXT and FEXT it is typically necessary to provide both inductive and capacitive compensation. The prior art arrangement of contact wires disclosed in
Turning now to
Like the prior arrangement, this arrangement of contact wires should provide compensatory inductive differential to differential crosstalk between pairs 1 and 3, pairs 2 and 3, and pairs 4 and 3. In addition, this arrangement, although not inductively compensating for the less severe differential to common mode crosstalk occurring when any of the pairs 1, 2 and 4 is differentially excited, can provide inductive compensation for the highly problematic differential to common mode crosstalk occurring on pairs 2 and 4 when pair 3 is differentially excited. Because the most problematic differential to common mode crosstalk can be inductively compensated, a jack employing this arrangement can meet higher performance standards, particularly at elevated frequencies.
An exemplary implementation of this arrangement is illustrated in
Referring now to
This configuration enables the free ends of the contact wires 226a, 226b to deflect in response to the insertion of a plug in the plug aperture 214 without contacting the contact wires 222a, 222b. The illustrated embodiment has the advantage of enabling the commencement of the inductive differential to differential and differential to common mode compensations at minimal delay from the corresponding crosstalk sources, which can be important to effective crosstalk compensation. The separation between the crossover segments 231 and the locations where the contact wires 222a, 222b intercept a mating plug is about 0.154 inches, but those skilled in this art will appreciate that a separation gap of a different size may also be suitable with the present invention. Typically the contact wires are between about 0.648 and 0.828 inches in length, and the crossover 226c occurs between about 0.3 and 0.4 inches from the free ends of the contact wires 226a, 226b.
The skilled artisan will recognize that, although eight contact wires are illustrated and described herein, other numbers of contact wires may be employed. For example, 16 contact wires may be employed, and one or more crossovers that cross over a pair of contact wires sandwiched therebetween may be included in those contact wires.
Further, those skilled in this art will recognize that other jack configurations may also be suitable for use with the present invention. For example, as discussed above, other configurations of jack frames, covers and terminal housings may also be employed with the present invention. As another example, the contact wires may have a different profile (an exemplary alternative profile is depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,919 to Arnett et al.), or they may by replaced by conductive paths on a flexible circuit, and they may mount in locations that do not follow the “dual diagonal” mounting scheme illustrated herein (an exemplary alternative is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,116,964 to Goodrich et al). As a further example, the IDCs may mount in a different pattern on the wiring board, or some other type of connector may be used. Those skilled in this art will also recognize that embodiments of the wiring board described above may be employed in other environments in which a communications jack may be found. For example, jacks within a patch panel or series of patch panels may be suitable for use with such wiring boards. Other environments may also be possible. It may also be recognized that the contact wires may not include any crossovers on any of the pairs, but rather the wiring board to which they are attached can have its signal carrying conductive paths routed in accordance with the crossover scheme described generally in
Moreover, those skilled in this art will further recognize that the crossover of pair 3 described above can be implemented, with similar beneficial effect on differential to common mode crosstalk conversion, by forming the conductor leads of jacks utilizing metallic lead-frame structures instead of printed wiring boards to achieve the required connectivity and crosstalk compensation. In such a configuration, the contact wires and/or the insulation displacement connectors may be formed integrally with the conductors as unitary members.
The configuration illustrated and described herein can provide connectors, and in particular communications jacks, that exhibit improved crosstalk characteristics, particularly at elevated frequencies. For example, a connector such as that illustrated in
Also those skilled in the art will recognize that in situations where it may not be critical to implement the differential to differential crosstalk compensation between pairs 3 and 2 and between pairs 3 and 4 in the contact wires, it is possible to provide instead compensation for the common mode crosstalk induced on pair 3, or pair 1, when either of pair 2 or pair 4 is differentially excited, by modifying the contact wire crossover scheme of
Further, those skilled in the art will recognize the reciprocity that exists between the differential to common mode crosstalk induced on a first pair, when a second pair is excited differentially, and the common mode to differential signal induced on the second of these pairs when the first of these pairs is excited common-modally, with the common mode to differential crosstalk equaling the differential to common mode crosstalk multiplied by a constant, that constant being the ratio of the differential to common mode impedances. Consequently, when an improvement occurs, due to the current invention, in the differential to common mode crosstalk between two pairs when one of these pairs is excited differentially, a corresponding improvement occurs in the common mode to differential crosstalk between these two pairs, when the other of these pairs is excited common-modally.
The invention is described in greater detail herein in the following non-limiting example.
Communication jacks of the configuration illustrated in
Differential to Common Mode Results for the problematic 3-2 and 3-4 pair combinations, where pair 3 is the differentially excited pair, are shown in
As shown in
As shown best in
The eight contact wires 322a, 322b, 324a, 324b, 326a, 326b, 328a, 328b comprise, respectively, wire pairs 1, 2, 3 and 4. As with the previous embodiment, the contact wires 322a, 322b of pair 1, the contact wires 324a, 324b of pair 2, and the contact wires 328a, 328b of pair 4 do not include a crossover, while the contact wires 326a, 326b include a crossover. Thus, this contact wire arrangement should provide compensatory inductive differential to differential crosstalk between pairs 1 and 3, pairs 2 and 3, and pairs 4 and 3, as well as inductive compensation for the differential to common mode crosstalk occurring on pairs 2 and 4 when pair 3 is differentially excited.
As shown best in
Referring now to
As shown in
As shown best in
Also, neither the distal ends 367, 377 of the support fingers 366, 376 nor the free ends 365, 375 of the contacts 326a, 326b are fixedly mounted in the embodiment of
In operation, the free ends 365, 375 of the contact wires 326a, 326b deflect in response to the insertion of a plug in the plug aperture 314 without contacting the contact wires 322a, 322b. The illustrated embodiment has the advantage of enabling the commencement of the inductive differential to differential and differential to common mode compensations at minimal delay from the corresponding crosstalk sources, which can be important to effective crosstalk compensation. The separation between the crossover segments 363, 373 and the location where the contact wires 322a, 322b intercept a mating plug is about 0.15 inches, but those skilled in this art will appreciate that a separation gap of a different size may also be suitable with the present invention.
Those skilled in this art will recognize that various modifications may be made to the communications jack of
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.
This application claims priority as a continuation-in-part application to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/088,044, filed Mar. 23, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,722, which in turn claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/636,595, filed Dec. 16, 2004, the disclosures of both of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety.
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