Patent Grant
8977958
Computers are used extensively in helping individuals to be more productive in their work. A wide variety of computer applications and user interfaces are readily available, providing users with the ability to process data in a number of ways such as in word processing, electronic communications, publishing, presentations, databases, scheduling, and other activities that commonly occur in an office environment. Such applications are readily available within the MICROSOFT® OFFICE® suite of applications, some examples include the WORD® application, which processes data that represents text documents, the EXCEL® application, which processes data that represents spread sheets, the OUTLOOK® application, which processes data that represents e-mail messages, appointments, tasks and the like, the ACCESS® application, which allows for database management, the POWERPOINT® application, which aids in creating slide presentations, and the PUBLISHER® application, which formats design schemes to create professional publications. OFFICE® currently has approximately 500 million users worldwide. The MICROSOFT® WINDOWS® operating system, which processes system data, user input, and manages internal tasks within a computer, has close to a billion users worldwide.
With this number of users, it is not unexpected that some may require assistance in using such applications. Users may obtain assistance in any of a number of ways, including reading a manual or professionally prepared online resources, taking a training class, asking a friend or co-worker who has mastered an application, posting a question to a chat group or consulting a software supplier's customer support organization.
In aspects of the present invention, users of an application are able to easily create and share help information with an online community. In this way, users who require application support may be able to draw upon valuable online resources that make up the collective and cooperative knowledge of users anywhere in the world, allowing for a more positive user experience than that which has been available previously.
Help information may be in the form of video clips made available to a global online community. The video clips may be indexed by application and application function depicted in the video clips, allowing users to readily find video clips for topics of interest.
Applications for which community-based help is to be provided may include tools that allow users to easily create help videos. These tools may aid a user in creating a video-clip depicting user interaction with the application while an application is being performed. These tools may also allow the user to incorporate explanatory material, such as text or recorded speech, in conjunction with video images of a computer display as functions are being performed. Moreover, tools may be incorporated to help a user in posting help videos in locations where they can be accessed by other users who are members of a help community. Yet other tools may aid users in searching for help videos that have been created by other members of a help community. To facilitate integration of such tools with an application, the tools may be implemented as an application plug-in for the application about which help is to be provided.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, tools for creating video clips relating to an application may capture context information about the application during the user interaction depicted in the video clips. This context data may be used to automatically index video clips for easy searching of a database of help videos generated by members of a user community. Consequently, users of such online help screen cast videos will be able to receive immediate instruction for software applications in a manner that emulates the experience of standing over the shoulder of a friend or colleague who is showing them how to solve a particular problem. Users may also contribute to such an online help community by contributing help screen cast videos to an ever growing database upon which others may be able to draw.
The foregoing is a non-limiting summary of the invention, which is defined by the attached claims.
The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
The inventors have appreciated that currently available options for users to obtain help with application programs suffer from one or more shortcomings that interfere with a user quickly obtaining relevant information. Further, the inventors have appreciated that users frequently are comfortable with and therefore learn rapidly through peer interaction, but current methods of obtaining help information do not always allow help information to be obtained in this fashion.
To make information about one or more applications readily available in a comfortable format, an online help community may be created for one or more application programs. Users may be empowered to create and share help information with the online community by incorporating into an application, about which help is provided, tools that interface to the community. The help information may be automatically indexed for others in the community to search using context information about the application captured as the help information is created. In this manner, a vast array of online help resources immediately may be available to users of that application worldwide.
User help may be provided in the form of screen cast videos, which may be created and made accessible to others within the help community in any suitable fashion. In some embodiments, a client-server based system is used to create and share video clips. Tools on the client may aid a user in creating and sharing help screen cast videos by posting them on the server. The server may be configured to organize the help screen cast videos to facilitate finding help for specific functions associated with specific applications.
Such a system allows the collective learning and knowledge of a multitude of users of various application programs to be shared with other users. Further, the information is presented in a fashion that emulates peer-based collaboration, creating an environment in which users can readily absorb help information. Though help information may be presented in any suitable format, it may be helpful for users to watch video clips that contain screen casts of another user operating the application program and explaining how to operate the program in an appropriate and efficient manner.
Accordingly, one or more of the tools on the client may create video clips or audio-video clips of a user performing an application function, which can provide useful information to other users that want to learn how to perform the same function. The tools may also allow explanatory information to be captured along with the video. The explanatory information could be captured speech, describing steps of performing the application function. In this way, the explanatory information can be synchronized with images depicting the computer display as the function is performed. However, the explanatory information may be in any suitable form, including text input by a user or created by performing voice recognition on speech information.
Regardless of the form of the help information, once created, users may be able to contribute the help information to the pool of community user experiences by uploading them to a location that is readily accessible to the rest of the online community. That location may be on a server accessible over a network. Any server of suitable type may be used. For example, a server responding to HTML commands may receive, store and provide help information. Though, in some embodiments, the server may be configured to provide one or more services relating to receiving and providing help information.
To facilitate users finding relevant help information, the help information uploaded by users may be cataloged on the server. The catalog may be based on an index created using input from users, either those who upload it or those who view and comment on it after it is uploaded. It is not a requirement that users perform all indexing, because such indexing may be performed by an administrator of the server or other entity. Alternatively or additionally, the index may be based on context information relating to the application automatically recorded as the help information is being recorded. Index terms may be extracted from or generated based on this context information transmitted to the server along with the help information.
Such a system may be implemented in any suitable way. For example,
Help information may be packaged in any suitable format. For example, video content may be stored in an artifact that may be manipulated by a computer such as a file. The file may contain information in addition to the video content.
In some embodiments, users may provide explanatory information synchronized to their actions depicted in the video content. The explanatory information may be provided in the same file as the video content or in any other suitable form. For example, a user recording help information may input explanatory information as text typed through a keyboard or other input devices associated with one of the computers 112a, 112b, and 112c. Alternatively, the explanatory information may be in an audio format. Users may record an audio portion of an audio-video screen cast video as depicted by one user 10a providing explanatory information through a speech input device 114a. In other embodiments, an audio portion of an audio-video screen cast video may be recorded separate from the video portion.
It is to be understood that even though a user may record audio or video portions of audio-video screen casts separately or simultaneously, in various embodiments, portions of audio streams may be pieced together with portions of video streams in whatever suitable manner to produce an audio-video screen cast video.
In addition to recording audio and/or video portions of screen cast videos, metadata information that might be relevant to the recorded video may be inputted or provided for each particular video. This information may be provided in the same file as other help information or linked to other help information in any other suitable way. Herein, metadata may be data in any suitable format about help information.
The metadata, for example, may identify a source of the audio-video information, such as the user who created the help information. Additionally, the metadata may indicate a particular application to which the help information relates. Moreover, applications may perform multiple application functions. If the help information relates to one or more specific application functions, the metadata may indicate those functions. Such indications may be made directly, such as by specifying the name of an application or an application function. Alternatively, the designations may be made indirectly, such as by capturing context data about an executing application at the time the help information was captured. Such context data may allow for automated processing of the metadata to infer the nature of the help information provided. Such information may be used for cataloging or otherwise indexing available help information.
Users may input any metadata describing features of a particular audio-video file that has been created. Client or server computers recognizing a particular video file format may also automatically generate specific metadata corresponding to the video file that may aid in identification of the particular video for use or viewing in the future. Examples of metadata include, but are not limited to, text descriptions, property values or headings, titles, file names, or any other suitable descriptive information.
In the embodiment illustrated, each of the users 110a . . . 110c is connected over a network 120 to one or more servers, such as servers 150 and 160, that may provide a mechanism for exchanging help information. In some embodiments, network 120 may be a corporate intranet allowing multiple users within a corporation or other entity to exchange help information. Alternatively, in some embodiments, network 120 may be the Internet, allowing users from any place in the world to exchange help information. Accordingly, it should be recognized that
In this example, server 150 represents one or more devices that receives help information from users and appropriately catalogs information so that other users may more readily identify and obtain help information that is relevant to them. For example, server 150 may be programmed to associate with help information index information identifying the application or application function to which that help information relates.
As one example, a tagging method may be implemented for generating and/or storing tags that help to categorize videos for identification and searching purposes. In some embodiments, tags are generated based on any relevant metadata that may be useful for appropriately categorizing video files. In other embodiments, tags are generated based on the type of application for which help information appears in the video file. In further embodiments, tags may be generated based on speech recognition of the audio portion of the video files, alerting the system as to what type of identification the video file should be labeled with for proper categorization. As another example, image processing of video information may likewise be used to generate tags.
In the embodiment illustrated in
Regardless of where or how the index information is generated, the index information may directly identify the application or application function by name. The name may be a formal name for the application or application function defined by the software provider for that application. Though, help information may alternatively or additionally be indexed by an informal name by which one or more users may identify the application or function. Further, index information may include one or more terms that a user is likely to include in a query seeking help about an application or application function. Regardless of the nature and amount of index information generated for each video clip or other unit of help information, server 150 may derive the index information from the help information or metadata provided with the help information.
Once server 150 generates index information for help information supplied by a user, server 160 may store the help information and related index information. For example, storage server 160 may be employed for storing video files as well as provide search capabilities. In some embodiments, a storage server 160 could be made up of an array of computers. In other embodiments, a storage server 160 could implement search features that are based on the tags that have been generated for each video file.
In the simple example of
However, the specific format in which help information is stored, indexed, searched and provided to users is not critical to the invention and any suitable format may be used. As one example, formats used in conjunction with known services, such as YouTube and Soapbox, may be used. However, the invention is not limited in this respect.
In addition, a system for providing community-based software application help may include components or functions not expressly shown or described. For example, in some embodiments, an authentication system is provided for users 110a . . . 110c to gain access to the community help service. In this regard, any suitable authentication system may be implemented such as, but not limited to, password protection systems, encryption protection, or certificate recognition of specific computers. Authentication may be used to preclude unauthorized parties or malicious parties from uploading help information into the system.
The help information made available through the help system illustrated in
Regardless of the specific functions performed by application 210, as a user interacts with application 210, the context of the application may change. Application 210 may maintain multiple types of information defining the context. In the example embodiment of
Application 210 is configured to interact with a community-based software help system according to embodiments of the invention. In
In embodiments in which application 210 is designed to receive plug-in components, plug-in 216 may readily incorporated as a plug-in using known techniques. However, it is not necessary that tools enabling a user to easily generate and access help information be implemented as a plug-in, as any suitable architecture may be used.
In the example of
In the embodiment illustrated, operating system environment 220 allows application component 210, plug-in 216, and other application level components executing in operation system environment 220 to access a range of functionality. In the example illustrated, the operating system environment 220 provides support for user interface 230. User interface 230 may allow information to be presented to a user through a display screen or in any other suitable format. Likewise, user interface component 230 may allow an application level component to receive user input provided through a keyboard, a mouse or other input device. In the example illustrated, user interface component 230 may also receive audio input, such as speech input. In embodiments in which speech input is provided by a user of client device 200, user interface component 230 may be adapted to perform speech recognition to translate spoken information into text. However, the specific mechanisms through which a user such as users 110a . . . 110c (
Client device 200 may also include a frame buffer 240 used in presenting information graphically on a display, such as a TFT display, connected to the client device 200. Components within the operating system environment 220 may load frame buffer 240 with numerous pixels of information, each pixel describing the visual characteristics of a single location on the display. Thus, the information in frame buffer 240 at any instant of time describes the information that could be viewed by a user of client device 200. In response to commands from application level components, components within the operating system environment 220 may alter the information in frame buffer 240 to alter the information displayed to a user. Application 210, plug-in 216, and other application level components within client device 200 may generate information for display through operating system components that alter the content of information in frame buffer 240, as is known in the art. Additionally, components within the operating system environment 220 may allow plug-in 216 to access the contents of frame buffer 240. By accessing the contents of frame buffer 240, plug-in 216 may access information defining what a user interacting with application 210 is viewing on a display associated with client device 200.
The operating system environment may also support a file system 250 as is known in the art. Herein, any suitable file system may be used. A file system allows for storage of data that may or may not be used for generation of a help. In some embodiments, a file system 250 may be used to store video related files and/or audio related files. However, file system 250 may be a general purpose file system and may store files containing information of any suitable type.
Client device 200 may also include a network connection 270, providing a mechanism for online connection to a larger community of users to exist. Network connection 270 may be a network connection as is known in the art. Though, any suitable network connection may be used. In some embodiments, videos that have been created for help purposes with an application 210 from the client side 200 may be uploaded through a network connection 270 for access by a community of users. In other embodiments, videos that have been created for help purposes with an application 210 that are located online may be downloaded through a network connection 270 for access by a client 200. In further embodiments, an appropriate user authentication protocol may be implemented for uploading and/or downloading videos to and from the network community. In this manner, a help community for any suitable application may be widely developed through a network connection 270. In different embodiments, a help community for any suitable application primarily using multimedia screen cast videos may be largely used and developed through a network connection 270.
In addition to components accessed through the operating system environment 220, client device 200 may include one or more application level components that are accessed to generate or display community-based help information. In the embodiment of
Video encoder 260 may be a video encoder as is known in the art. Though, any suitable video encoder may be used. A video encoder 260 changes signals such as streams of bits or data to be changed into another useable form of data or code.
In the embodiment illustrated, streams of data representing data from frame buffer 240 captured at successive instances in time may be provided to video encoder 260 for conversion into a video file format or other suitable representation of a video clip or the video portion of an audio-video clip. Any suitable capture time resolution may be used by the video encoder 260 to form video data that may be used for a screen cast video.
In the embodiment illustrated, video encoder 260 is shown as a separate application level component from plug in 216 that performs functions associated with generating and using community-based help information. In other embodiments, a video encoder 260 may be incorporated into a plug-in 216 component such that streaming audio and/or streaming video may be directly converted into a more useable multimedia file format that is readily edited or stored for future use.
In one embodiment, the video encoder 260 may be WINDOWS® Media Encoder, which allows for capturing and encoding screen casts to occur into a WMV file format, including WMA audio. Other examples of file formats that a video encoder 260 may encode into include, but are not limited to, AVI, MPG, MPEG, MPEG-2, MOV, AIFF, XMF, IFF, ASF, DVR-MS, MP4, OGG, OGM, RealMedia, MKV, 3GP, DIVX, or any other suitable file format.
Though the specific video encoder used and the format for video information used is not critical to the invention, it may be desirable for the settings of the video encoder to generate video clips with a resolution sufficient to allow a user, when viewing those video clips, to observe the details of what is displayed on a computer display as depicted in the video clip. On the other hand, increasing the resolution can increase the amount of memory required to store and process video clips, which can impose undesirable limitations on the community-based help system. In some embodiments, display components within operating system environment 220 set the display resolution to approximately 1024×768 pixels, which also defines the resolution of the data captured from frame buffer 240 and the resolution of data input to video encoder 260. Settings of the video encoder may also impact the resolution and size of the resulting video clips. As an example, in embodiments in which the video encoder is the WINDOWS® Media Encoder, the following Profile (prx file) setting may be used:
Audio
Mode—Quality VBR
Codec—WMA 9.1 Professional
Format—VBR Quality 98, 44 kHz, 2 channel 24 bit VBR
Video
Mode—Quality VBR
Codec—WMV 9
Video size—Same as video input
Frame rate—10 fps
Key frame interval—10 sec
Video quality—100 (scale of 0 to 100)
Decoder complexity—Auto
Target bit rates
Quality-based
Video format
Custom
Total—Quality-based
Video bit rate—Quality-based
Audio bit rate—Quality-based
Overhead—Quality-based
Client device 200 may also be equipped to allow a user to view and edit a video file in any suitable fashion before uploading to a general community, or that are downloaded by a user to access help information generated by others in that community. Accordingly, client device 200 is shown to include a video player/video editor 280. In this respect, any suitable video player and video editor software components as are known in the art may be used. Regarding viewing the video file, any appropriate video playback program may be used. In one embodiment, WINDOWS® Media Player may be used to view a suitably rendered video. Regarding editing the video file, any appropriate video editor program may be used. In one embodiment, WINDOWS® MovieMaker may be used for post-capture editing.
Turning to
Regardless of how the process is initiated, the process proceeds to block 320. At block 320, plug-in 216 captures context information relating to application 210. In the embodiment illustrated in
The process then proceeds to block 330 where video information is captured. At block 330, plug-in 216 may copy information from frame buffer 240. The information copied from frame buffer 240 represents a display as viewed as a user of client device 200. In the embodiment of
At block 332, audio information may be captured. In the embodiment illustrated in
The process then proceeds to decision block 340. At decision block 340, the process may branch depending on whether additional user input indicating that the process of capturing user interactions with application 210 is completed. In the embodiment illustrated in
Once the stop mechanism is activated, recording stops and the captured information may be converted at block 350 to an audio-video clip through any suitable fashion, such as through a video encoding software component. In the embodiment of
In some embodiments, a user generating a help audio-video clip may optionally view and edit the clip at block 360. Processing at block 360 may be performed based on user interactions with video player/video editor 280 (
The process of
After the clip is rendered, the clip would typically be viewed by the user through a media player wherein the video may be assessed as to whether it is suitable for uploading. If the clip is not suitable for uploading, the user may use any appropriate video editing software to process the video clip into a suitable screen cast video product. On the other hand, if preferred, the user may start over in producing a whole new set of streaming audio and video where frame and audio capture may be performed.
In addition to video editing as an option for post-capture video processing, index tags may also be generated specific to the content of the video clip. It should be understood that tag generation should not be limited to only the client side as it may also be performed on the server side. Indeed, it is possible for certain aspects of tag generation be performed on the client side and other aspects of tag generation to occur on the server side. For example, it may be easier for a user to create descriptive metadata about the video clip on the client side and for a server side program to create property metadata regarding the video clip or appropriate thumbnails for presentation and categorization. In this case, as described previously, tag generation may occur on both the client and server side. Once the video clip is fully rendered and ready for community access, video clips may be uploaded to the server side at block 370.
In various embodiments, indexing may be performed by processing in block 362b located after block 370 in the exemplary process flow illustrated in
Regarding server side aspects of the present invention, videos may be stored, categorized, and accessed using any appropriate hosting service, including a video nesting service as known in the art. In some embodiments, Soapbox video hosting service may be used for effective implementation of video presentation, categorization, searching, viewing, and other desired server side aspects. Such a service provides functions ancillary to storing help videos and providing them to user on request. Such a service may provide appropriate user authentication protocols and user data storage. More specifically, users may first be asked to sign-in and be properly authenticated in order for upload to start. An optional feature when the upload begins or once uploading is completed could be that the user adds a title, description, or other relevant tag for the video. In other embodiments, the video may be assigned to a category as the description may be automatically pre-populated using data from the applications and other context or related metadata. In different embodiments on the server side, video files may be transcoded to Flash video for ease in viewing through a web browser. An example of this embodiment includes video transcoding from a WMV file format to Flash video using Rhozet Carbon Encoder software and On2 Flash video codecs. Once video files are suitably transcoded into an appropriate video format that may be embedded within a web browser portal, thumbnails may be created from the video and stored along with other metadata, both user-assigned or automatically generated, to be used for later display.
In various embodiments, delivery to other users may occur through any suitable means. In one particular example, when transcoding and other processing is completed, transcoded Flash video may be uploaded to content delivery network (CDN) edge servers for ready access to users worldwide. In such an embodiment, CDN nodes may be deployed in several locations, cooperating with one another in an optimization scheme to deliver internet content efficiently and effectively to end users. In other embodiments, users may have the ability to search for videos by browsing through a library of videos or by using keywords that are associated with the title, description, and other relevant tags. Once users have found a video with the desired content, the video may be downloaded for viewing. It should be understood that the server side has aspects that allow users to upload videos, contributing to the help video community as well as download videos, gaining help from the help video community. In various embodiments, there are regulatory personnel and/or software programs on the server side that inspect the library of videos for appropriateness as well as suitability for their stated purpose in providing help information for particular applications.
Turning to
Regardless of the specific format in which audio and video information is stored, the information may be stored in connection with context data 420. Context data may be stored in the same file as audio, video or audio-video information. Alternatively, context data 420 may be stored in a separate file. Regardless of the specific manner in which context data 420 is stored, the context data may be correlated with audio or video information captured at a specific time. For example, context data items 4221 and 4222 are shown associated with frame 4121. Similarly, context data items 4223 and 4224 are shown correlated with frame 4122. Context data items 4221, 4222 . . . are also stored with an association to portions of audio stream 414. In the embodiment illustrated, the association is based on the context of application 210 at the time each of the frames and each portion of the audio data was captured.
In this way, index terms may be generated from tags associated with video clips as they are added to a database of video clips that may be made available to multiple users of a on-line community sharing help information. In this respect, index terms 452 that may be grouped together may be triggered by any suitable searching mechanism. Each index term 452 may point to a set of tagged audio/video clips 410 that have been cataloged and are ready for retrieval upon activation of the index term 452. A video catalog 460 organizes and stores the audio/video clips 410 according to relevant tag information 464 such that once a particular index term is triggered, appropriate audio/video clips may be retrieved according to their tag information.
As shown in
User interface 500 includes a control display area 510. Control display area 510 includes controls 5121 . . . 512N that a user may select to cause application 210 to perform an application function. The specific functions associated with each of the controls 5121 . . . 512N may depend on the nature of application 210. For example, if application 210 is a word processing application, controls 5121 . . . 512N may perform functions relating to accessing documents containing text, formatting text of other application functions associated with word process.
In the embodiment illustrated, control display area 510 is depicted as a “ribbon” across one edge of user interface 500. Presenting controls in a ribbon in this fashion provides a consistent mechanism for a user to identify available command options.
In the embodiment illustrated, application 210 may be extended through the use of a plug-in 216 (
Control 516, when selected by a user, may stop the capture of information that may be converted to an audio-video clip. Selection of control 516, for example, may cause the processing depicted in
Focus is also illustrated by dialog box 520. In this example, dialog box 520 is an active dialog box. Accordingly, the focus of application 210 may be dialog box 520. Capturing such focus information concerning application 210 may provide an alternative mechanism for obtaining context about the screen displays captured to generate a help video according to embodiments of the invention.
In the operating state illustrated in
As shown in
Regardless of the form in which the help topic is specified, once specified, users may select control 624 which triggers the tool providing dialog box 620 to convert the input received through field 622 into a query appropriate for the community-based help system in use. In return, the tool may receive a specification of one or more audio-video clips that provide help information concerning the topic described in the search query. The tool receiving the specifications may present the information, such as in the form of thumbnail information, as shown in
As an example of the operation of a community-based help system, a user may know a special trick to format the font size for OFFICE® POWERPOINT® slides, involving finding a ribbon button or command line feature. The user may be able to show other OFFICE® users how to perform this operation by recording a screen cast of finding and selecting the appropriate ribbon and button on the screen within the application, along with an audio narration. In this manner, it only takes a few minutes for the user to record and view the video clip to see if it is suitable to upload. If it is not suitable to upload, the user may either re-record the video screen cast or edit the video clip using any suitable video editing software. Once the video is uploaded, a video service categorizes the video, allowing other users to find the video when looking for help on the topic. To viewers looking for help, the video clips simulates a situation where the viewer is being directly shown by a friend or colleague how to solve their problem.
Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers.
Further, it should be appreciated that a computer may be embodied in any of a number of forms, such as a rack-mounted computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. Additionally, a computer may be embedded in a device not generally regarded as a computer but with suitable processing capabilities, including a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a smart phone or any other suitable portable or fixed electronic device.
Also, a computer may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format.
Such computers may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including as a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks.
Also, the various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded as software that is executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, such software may be written using any of a number of suitable programming languages and/or conventional programming or scripting tools, and also may be compiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or virtual machine.
In this respect, the invention may be embodied as a computer readable medium (or multiple computer readable media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, etc.) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the invention discussed above. The computer readable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above.
The terms “program” or “software” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect of this embodiment, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present invention need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present invention.
Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that conveys relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements.
Various aspects of the present invention may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments.
Also, the invention may be embodied as a method, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.
Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
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