Compact flying printer

Abstract

A compact flying printer has a continuously rotating print drum and ratchet wheel, a trigger lever positionable to be struck by a tooth of said ratchet wheel and a hammer lever driven by said trigger lever and provided with a print hammer at its end. The trigger lever is formed with a linear guide portion for regulating the motion thereof and an energy-transmitting portion projected for transmitting energy from said ratchet wheel to said hammer level. Paper and ribbon are advanced by selective coupling of a transmitting member to a continuously rotating rotor operated in conjunction with the print drum.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a compact flying printer utilized in electronic desk calculators and other numerical readout devices. In such printers, the hammer strikes a selected character from an array of characters provided in columnar fashion on the periphery of a continuously rotating print drum. However, the known arrangements of this type of printer have several substantial drawbacks. Specifically, shear will occur in the printing process if the contact time between the hammer and the print drum is too great, resulting in smudged printing or ripped paper. in order to overcome this defect, the contact time of the hammer with the character must be shortened, thereby increasing the operating speed of said hammer. In the conventional printers of the type described, the hammer is directly operated by electromagnets, and an increase in the operating speed of the hammer requires an increase in the size and power of said electromagnets. However, an increase in the size and power of the electromagnets results in an increase in the volume of the printer and requires increased electric power consumption, and is therefore undesirable. To avoid the above-described defects, a device wherein the energy for printing can be obtained from a continuously rotating body is utilized.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of this invention is to provide a high-speed compact flying printer.

Another object of this invention is to provide a flying printer with precise operation.

A further object of this invention is to provide a flying printer of simple construction with minimum number of components, which enables easy assembly and mass-scale production.

A further object of this invention is to provide a flying printer with small electric power consumption.

In the compact flying printer according to the invention, the hammer and hammer lever are made in one piece. In order to position the hammer exactly against the character on the print drum, a guide member having a guide groove or guide hole arranged in zigzag form is provided. The trigger lever is formed with a guide portion in linear form and a transmitting portion projected from said guide portion. One end of the trigger lever is projected from the other surrounding parts and so that said trigger lever can be easily taken out after finishing assembly of the printer. The trigger lever strikes against the trigger lever stopper at its sloping portion to secure precise operation. Inked ribbon winding, color changing of ribbon and paper feeding are driven by the motor device of the printer. The above devices are mounted on one side of the printer. The main components for printing are housed in a unit. A guide plate for paper feeding is wave formed to advance the paper smoothly. Thus, clear printing can be obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation showing the operation of a conventional prior art flying printer;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views of the flying printer according to the invention;

FIG. 3a is a front elevational view of a hammer lever guide plate of the flying printer of this invention;

FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are sectional views describing the operation of the flying printer of this invention;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the regulating plate of the flying printer of this invention;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the flying printer of this invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of the driving shaft of the flying printer of this invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the electromagnets and base member thereof of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view of the detecting device of the flying printer of this invention;

FIG. 13a is a sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 13;

FIG. 14 is a partial perspective view showing paper-feeding mechanism and ribbon-feeding mechanism;

FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show the operation of the arrangement of FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing color change of the inked ribbon;

FIGS. 19 and 20 show the operation of the arrangement of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing the paper guide of a conventional prior art type of flying printer;

FIG. 22 shows the effect caused by the arrangement of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a paper guide device according to the invention;

FIG. 24 is another sectional view showing a paper guide device according to the invention taken along lines 24--24 of FIG. 23;

FIGS. 25 and 26 are partial perspective views of an embodiment of an arrangement for mounting the print drum in accordance with the invention; and

FIGS. 27, 28 and 29 are respective side elevational views of three further embodiments of the paper feeding mechanism in accordance with the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one column of a conventional type of flying printer wherein 301 is a print hammer, 302 a hammer lever, and 303 a rotary axis for said hammer lever 302. Disposed immediately below hammer 301 is a print drum 304 having print characters spaced apart on the peripheral surface thereof. The print drum 304 and a print drum gear 305 are mounted for rotation on a print drum shaft 306. The print drum gear 305 meshingly engages an intermediate pinion 307 which is adapted to drive an intermediate gear 308 fixed thereto. 310 is a ratchet wheel mounted on shaft 309, 311 a pawl extended from the ratchet wheel 310, 312 a first trigger lever pin, and 313 a second trigger lever pin. A trigger lever 314 is formed with a tail portion 315 and a projection 316. 317 is a trigger lever stopper. A trigger lever guide 318 is provided to guide the trigger lever 314 during displacement of the trigger lever 314. A spring 319 is secured between trigger lever 314 and a fixing point 320 for biasing the end 338 of the trigger lever 314 out of the locus of the pawl 311. The end 321 of the arm of hammer lever 302 is engageable by a shoulder 322 of the trigger lever 314 upon linear displacement of the latter, causing the hammer lever 302 to pivot and the print hammer 301 to strike print drum 304 via paper 330, upon which a character is to be imprinted, and an inked-ribbon 331 which are interposed between the print hammer 301 and the print drum 304. A timing lever 323 is disposed to engage tail 315 of trigger lever 314 and is pivotally mounted on a timing lever shaft 324. Fixed to the timing lever 323 is a magnetic plate 325, movement of which is controlled by electromagnets 326 and 327. A spring 328 is mounted between the corner of hammer lever 302 and a fixing point 329 to normally bias said hammer lever 302 in the position shown with print hammer 301 spaced from print drum 304. 329 is a fixing point of spring 328, and 332 is a center of gravity of said trigger lever 314.

In FIG. 1, only one column is illustrated by way of example. However, an actual printer would include th desired number of columns, each of which would comprise a print hammer 301, a hammer lever 302, a trigger lever 314, a trigger lever spring 319, a timing lever 323, a magnetic plate 325, electromagnets 326 and 327, and a hammer lever spring 328.

When the flying printer is activated but no timing signals are applied to the electromagnets 326 or to the paper-advance mechanism, a motor continuously rotates the ratchet wheel 310 in the direction of arrow 333, thereby also rotating the print drum 304 in the same direction through the intermediate gears 307 and 308. On the surface of the print drum 304, many columns, each including all the characters to be printed, are disposed. Pawl 311 is provided on the surface of the ratchet wheel 310. The gear ratio between the ratchet wheel 310 and the print drum 304 is selected so that the pitch time of the pawl 311 equals the circumferential spacing of the characters on the peripheral surface of th print drum 304. Thus, each rotation of the pawl 311 corresponds to the advancing of one character on the print drum 304. For example, if there are 16 characters on the print drum 304 and one pawl 311 is on the ratchet wheel 310, the rotational ratio between the ratchet wheel 310 and the print drum 304 is 16:1. In nonprinting condition, the electromagnets 326 and 327 are not actuated electrically, and the trigger lever 314 is biased to the direction of the spring fixing point 320 by means of the spring 319, and is positiond by means of the trigger lever guide 318. Therefore, the end 338 of the trigger lever 314 is placed lower than the position shown in FIG. 1, and the pawl 311 does not engage with the end 338 of the trigger lever 314. Magnetic plate 325 is biased to the direction of the arrow 336 by the force of the spring 319.

In order to print a desired character on the paper 330 by means of the print hammer 301 when the print command enters in the control circuit, the electromagnets 326 and 327 are energized immediately before the desired character on the peripheral surface of the print drum 304 passes under the print hammer 301. The energization of one of said electromagnets 326 and 327 rotatably displaces its respective magnetic plate 325 in the direction of the arrow 337. This rotating force is transmitted to the trigger lever 314 through the trigger lever tail 315. Thus the trigger lever 314 rotates in the counterclockwise direction around the trigger lever guide 318 and touches the trigger lever guide 312 to be positioned thereby.

FIG. 1 shows this state. When the ratchet wheel 310 further rotates, the pawl 311 engages with end 338 of trigger lever 314. The linear displacement of the trigger lever 314 in the direction of arrow 334 is transmitted to the arm 321 of the hammer lever 302 by means of the shoulder 322 of said trigger lever 314. Said hammer lever 302 is in turn rotated in the counterclockwise direction, causing the print hammer 301 to strike the print drum 304 through inked ribbon 331 and paper 330 at the moment when the desired character is positioned under said print hammer 301. After striking hammer lever 302, trigger lever 314 is pivoted by spring 319 in the direction of arrow 335 out of the locus of pawl 311 and returned to its original position.

This type of printer, as will be clear from the above description and FIG. 1, has disadvantages as follows. Since one end 338 of said trigger lever 314 is struck by the pawl 311 and the other end of said trigger lever 314 engages with the timing lever 323, the trigger lever 314 occupies a large space in the longitudinal direction due to its long shape and it is not suitable as a compact flying printer. As the guide members 312, 313 and 318 for the trigger lever 314 are separately mounted, construction becomes complicated. Besides, as the trigger lever 314 is encompassed by the guide members 312, 313 and 318 and the trigger lever stopper 317, assembly becomes difficult. It is necessary to remove one or more of said guide members 312, 313 and 318 in case of repair. The engaging point between the trigger lever stopper 317 and the trigger lever projection 316 is on the upper portion of the center of gravity of motion direction, so motion of the trigger lever 314 after striking against the trigger lever stopper 317 is large and so it is not suitable for a compact printer.

The present invention seeks to eliminate the above defects.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the printer according to the invention, wherein 101 and 101' are main frames, 102 a hammer lever guide plate for guiding the hammer levers 3 in a fixed position, 5 a print drum, 108 a paper, 135 a paper-feeding roller for advancing the paper 108, 113 an inked ribbon, and 114 and 114' spools for said inked ribbon 113.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the printer according to the invention viewed from the other side having motor device 105 mounted thereon.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the construction of one column according to the invention. 1 is a ratchet wheel rotating continuously at a constant speed driven by the motor advice 105. The trigger lever 2 is guided by the trigger lever guides 8-3 and 8-6. The trigger lever 2 is biased out of the locus of the ratchet wheel 1 by spring 7 when the electromagnetic 11 is not energized. The trigger lever 2 and the trigger lever regulating plate 8 have stopper faces 2-1, 2-2, 8-1 and 8-2, respectively, against which the trigger lever 314 strikes when it is actuated. The hammer lever 3 is pivoted on the axis 4. Print drum 5, having characters on the surface thereof, is rotated at a speed a predetermined ratio slower than that of ratchet wheel 1. The timing lever 10 controls the engaging depth of the trigger lever 2 with the ratchet wheel 1. The electromagnet 11 operates according to the print command signal.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 for describing the operation, the electromagnet 11 is energized and said timing lever 10 rotates in the counterclockwise direction when the print command enters. At this moment, the trigger lever 2 is pushed by one end 10-1 of the timing lever 10 and rotates in the counterclockwise direction around the contact point between tail 2-5 and the guide groove 8-3. Then the contact portion 2-3 of the trigger lever 2 enters in the locus of the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel 1. The trigger lever 2 is struck by the pawl 1-1 and displaces linearly in the direction of the arrow 12. At the same time, the hammer lever 3 is struck by one end 2-4 of the trigger lever 2 and rotates around the axis 4. Said contact portion 2-3 and one end 2-4 of trigger lever 2 constitute the energy-transmitting portion of said trigger lever, said energy-transmitting portion defining the end of a neck projecting laterally from the longitudinally extending body portion of the trigger lever engaging trigger lever guides 8-3 and 8-6. The tail 2-5 of said body portion extends through the apertur 8-3 in trigger lever guide 8 (see FIG. 9). The print hammer 3-1 mounted on the end of the hammer lever 3 strikes the print drum 5, and printing is performed. The trigger lever 2 strikes against the trigger lever stopper 8-1 immediately before the hammer 3-1 strikes against the print drum 5 and returns to its initial position. Without the trigger lever stopper 8-1, the hammer lever 3 would strike again against the trigger lever 2 during the return stroke to its initial position after receiving the repulsive force from the drum 5. Thus, ghost printing or double printing occurs, i.e., the same character or two characters are printed on the same place on the paper 108. The trigger lever stopper 8-1 is provided to eliminate this defect. It is necessary to place this trigger lever stopper 8-1 carefully in order to prevent the ghost printing or double printing, so that the trigger lever 2 does not enter again in the locus of the ratchet wheel 1 immediately after striking against the trigger lever stopper 8-1.

On the other hand, when printing a symbol which does not occupy the space of one character such as comma (,), or decimal point (.), together with characters within the space of one character, e.g., 9, alpha-numeric characters and symbols and characters such as comma and period are disposed in one column and by operating the print hammer 3-1 twice, the character (9) and symbol (,) are printed within one column; thus the printing time is shortened and a high-speed printer is obtainable.

In prior art arrangements, characters 0 1 2 . . . 8 9 . . . and symbols , and . are disposed on the print drum. For printing 9, , 9 is printed in the first rotational cycle of the print drum, and in the second cycle of rotation, "," is printed. Thus printing time is prolonged due to the second cycle rotation of the print drum.

Further, there is another method for printing "9,", wherein 9 is printed in one column, "," is printed in the next column. In this case printing time for two columns is necessary. Thus printing time is wasted by one character. Besides the number of characters is increased from 12 to 14. Therefore the size of the print drum is increased and a high-speed printer cannot be obtained.

The present invention seeks to eliminate the above defects and to provide a compact flying printer wherein the engaging portion of the ratchet wheel 1 with the trigger lever 2 is out of the locus of the ratchet wheel 1 immediately after the ratchet wheel 1 strikes against the trigger lever 2, so that undesirable double striking is prevented and the trigger lever 2 is a little spaced from the trigger lever stopper 8-1 when the trigger lever 2 is biased by the timing lever 10, so that the high-speed printing can be performed precisely and continuously.

Now, reference is made to the action of the trigger lever when the print command signal is applied and the trigger lever 2 is struck by the ratchet wheel. At the moment when the trigger lever 2 is struck by the ratchet wheel 1, the center of gravity of the trigger lever 2 is in such a position as shown by G in FIG. 7, and the engaging portion 2-3 between said trigger lever 2 and the ratchet wheel 1 is above the center of gravity G, the trigger lever 2 displaces in the direction of the arrow 12 (FIG. 5) rotating in the counterclockwise direction.

Suppose that the distance from the center of gravity G to the trigger lever portion which is struck by the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel 1 is r and the distance from the center of gravity G to the axis of rotation a (center of striking) is R, we obtain from the equation of rotation when the rigid body is struck by the impulse:

rR = k.sup.2 (1) wherein k = radius of rotation around the center of gravity of the trigger lever 2.

Therefore at the moment when the trigger lever 2 is struck by the ratchet wheel 1, the center of gravity G of the trigger lever 2 rotates around a toward-the-inside direction of the locus of the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel 1. However, the rotation of the trigger lever 2 is stopped by striking of the stopper face 2-2 of the guided portion of the trigger lever against the stopper face 8-2 of the regulating member 8 for the trigger lever 2 and the trigger lever moves linearly in the direction of the locus 16 to operate the hammer lever 3. The trigger lever stopper 8-1 is provided to prevent the double striking of the print hammer 3-1 in such a manner that the trigger lever 2 strikes against said stopper 8-1 immediately before the hammer 3-1 strikes against the drum 5. However, this arrangement is not sufficient enough to prevent the double striking. After striking against the trigger lever stopper 8-1, the trigger lever 2 may again return toward the inside of locus 14 of the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel 1 and strike an undesirable character.

The arrangement according to the invention is so designed that by placing the axis of rotation of the trigger lever 2 properly immediately after the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1, the engaging portion 2-3 between the trigger lever 2 and the ratchet wheel pawl 1-1 is placed out of the locus of the pawl 1-1. Suppose that the center of gravity of the trigger lever 2 when the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1 is G' (FIG. 7), a distance from G' to the line of action 15 of the impact force caused when the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1 isl, and a distance from the center of gravity G' to the rotary axis a' of the trigger lever 2 after being struck by the ratchet wheel pawl 1-1 is L, we obtain:

Ll =K.sup.2 (2)

if the striking point between stopper or striking face 2-1 of the trigger lever 2 and the stopper 8-1 is below the locus 16 of the center of gravity G' of the trigger lever 2, the trigger lever 2 performs rotational movement toward the inside direction of the ratchet wheel 1 so that the trigger lever 2 is engaged firmly with the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel. Therefore, it is required that the impact point on stopper or striking face 2-1 be above the locus 16 of the center of gravity G' in order that the trigger lever 2 comes out of the locus of the pawl 1-1. On the other hand, double striking may occur depending upon the position of the rotary center when the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the case where the locus 17 of one end 2-3 of the trigger lever 2 intersects the locus 14 of the pawl 1-1 when the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1, one end 2-3 enters in the locus of the pawl 1-1 during rotation of the trigger lever 2, so double striking may occur. It is clear that in the situation as shown in FIG. 7, the locus 17 of one end 2-3 of the trigger lever 2 intersects with the locus 14 of the pawl 1-1. The axis of rotation b of the trigger lever 2 is along the line 18 connecting said intersecting point with the center point of the ratchet wheel 1. The angle made by the line 18 and the locus 16 of the center of gravity G is .phi.. If the rotary axis of the trigger lever 2 is on point (a') as shown by the solid line 19, one end 2-3 of the trigger lever 2 is surely out of the locus 14 of the ratchet wheel pawl 1-1.

At this time, the stopper or striking face 2-1, which is located on the neck connecting the energy-transmitting portion (2-3, 2-4) of the trigger lever 2 and the body portion thereof, is parallel to the line made by the rotary center a' of the trigger lever 2 and the center of gravity G' of the trigger lever 2. The trigger lever 2 struck by the ratchet wheel moves along the locus 16. It is so designed that the angle of the stopper or striking face 2-1 of the trigger lever 2 is:

90.degree.<.theta.<180.degree.

In the arrangement according to the invention as shown in FIG. 5, in order to ensure continuous printing, the regulating member 8-2 is spaced from the projection 2-2 on the trigger lever 2 when the trigger lever 2 is biased within the locus of the ratchet wheel 1 by the timing lever 10. Without said space, the trigger lever 2 contacts with the guide member 8-2 when the timing lever 10 operates continuously. Therefore, precise continuous printing is impossible as the trigger lever cannot return to the engaging position with the ratchet wheel 1 even after finishing printing due to the friction loss between the guide member 8-2 and the projection 2-2 of the trigger lever 2.

As described above, the printing method according to the invention eliminates undesirable double striking in case of continuous printing and performs continuous printing precisely. Thus a printer with high reliability and high printing speed can be realized. Further, the print drum 5 can be miniaturized, which results in compact high-speed flying printer.

It is apparent that if the radius of rotational movement after the trigger lever 2 strikes against the stopper 8-1 is smaller, it is more suitable for a compact printer. Therefore it is necessary to make the value of L small in the equation (2). K is a constant which is fixed by the shape and material of the trigger lever 2. Therefore, in order to reduce the value of L, it is necessary to increase the value of l. Explaining this with reference to FIG. 8, angle g is defined by line 90 and the locus 16 of the center of gravity G of the trigger lever 2. Since the line 20 connecting the center of gravity G' with the center of rotation a' defines a right angle with the line of action 15 of the force, the locus of the intersecting point between the two lines defining the angle g defines the arc 21 whose diameter is the line 90 connecting G' with striking point 2-1'. Therefore, if the angle g becomes equal to zero, the surface 2-1 of the trigger lever 2 is parallel with the line 90 connecting G with the striking point 2-1', l becomes maximum, and accordingly the radius of the rotation of the trigger lever 2 attains minimum value.

In the flying printer according to our invention, printing energy is given by the continuously rotating ratchet wheel 1, so that the speed of the trigger lever 2 is constant when it is struck by the pawl 1-1 of the ratchet wheel 1. Therefore, the speed of the hammer lever 3 struck by the trigger lever 2 is determined by the speed of the ratchet wheel 1. In order to obtain sufficient printing energy, the mass of the hammer lever 3 must be large. However, in the compact printer, it is required to reduce the size of the hammer lever. As a result, the height of the hammer lever 3 is increased and the thickness of the hammer lever 3 is the same with that of the print hammer 3-1, which results in a compact printer. The print hammer 3-1 and the hammer lever 3 can be made from the same material. Thus the compact hammer lever 3 can be produced without decreasing the mass. The print hammer and the print hammer lever can be manufactured in a single process such as pressing out. This is very advantageous for mass scale production.

The hammer lever 3 must precisely correspond to the character on the print drum 5, which necessitates the use of a guide member for guiding the hammer lever 3. In the printer according to the invention, a guide plate 102 for hammer lever 3 is provided. Said guide plate 102 is provided with the guide grooves 103 and guide holes 104 arranged in zig-zag form as shown in FIG. 3a to receive a projecting portion 106 of each hammer lever 3. This arrangement of the guide plate 102 reduces the size of the printer due to the fact that the hammer lever 3 has uniform thickness.

The trigger lever 2 consists of a guide portion and a transmitting portion. The guide portion in linear form comprises the projection 2-2 for displacing the trigger lever through linear motion. Said guide portion moves slidably on the flat portion 8-2 of the trigger lever regulating plate 8. Said transmitting portion projected from said trigger lever engages with the ratchet wheel 1 at 2-3 and engages with the hammer lever at 2-4, and strikes against the trigger lever stopper 8-1 at neck portion 2-1. As the shape of the trigger lever is so constructed as above mentioned, its size is not increased longitudinally. It is also very advantageous for easy assembling as will be disclosed in the following. Unlike the conventional trigger lever 2, the connecting point between the transmitting portion and the trigger lever stopper 8-1 forms one part of the transmitting portion. As a result, the shape of the trigger lever 2 is simplified.

The regulating plate 8 regulates the motion of the trigger lever 2 to displace it toward the inside direction of the locus of the ratchet wheel pawl 1-1 when the trigger lever 2 is struck by the ratchet wheel 1. As shown in FIG. 9, the regulating plate 8 has guide hole 8-3 on one end, and the trigger lever stopper 8-1 on the other end. This construction makes it unnecessary to provide guide pins, and as a result, the number of the parts required is reduced, construction is simplified and assembly becomes easy.

In FIG. 10, one end 2-6 of the trigger lever 2 is projected from the other surrounding parts. Since the guide portion of the trigger lever 2 is flat plate shaped, the guide holes 8-3 and regulating plate 8 are simple in construction, so the trigger lever 2 can be easily removed and inserted for replacement by picking up one end 2-6 after completing the assembling of the printer. A trigger lever 2' is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 10, depicting the position for inserting a trigger lever 2 into regulating plate 8. This enables easy replacement and adjustment of the trigger lever 2 after assembling.

FIG. 11 shows means for mounting the power shaft 116 coaxial with the ratchet wheel 1 on the main frames 101 and 101' of the printer. The power shaft 116 is mounted on the main frames 101 and 101' through the bearings 117 and 117' in such a manner that the flange portions 117-1 and 117'-1 are on the outside of the main frames 101 and 101'. Since the diameter of the hole 172 provided on the main frame is larger than that of the ratchet wheel 1, the ratchet wheel 1 with motor mechanism 105 can be easily assembled and reassembled after completing the assembling. Generally, the cross sectional shape of the ratchet wheel 1 is asymmetrical, so undesirable vibration is caused through the whole printer mechanism during high speed rotation. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the unbalancing of the printer including the motor and the ratchet wheel 1. In the printer according to the invention, the fly wheel 171 for balancing is mounted on a portion of motor 105 mounted on power shaft 116. After eliminating the unbalance between the motor with fly wheel 171 and the ratchet wheel 1, the are mounted as a unit. This construction is suitable for mass scale production. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the shaft 132 of the paper feeding roller 135 is inserted through the openings 118 and 118' provided on the upper portion of the main frames 101 and 101', so assembly and replacement of parts is very easy. It is very advantageous for mass scale production.

The electromagnets 11 for operating the timing levers 10 occupy a relatively large space in the printer. As shown in FIG. 10, in the printer according to this invention, the electromagnets 11 are symmetrically disposed with the center line of the printer. Besides, as shown in FIG. 12, the electromagnets 11 are mounted in zig-zag form on the base member 119 of the electromagnets, so a number of electromagnets 11 are arranged in the narrow space.

FIGS. 13 and 13A show a detecting device of the printer according to the invention which detects timing of the ratchet wheel 1 and the print drum 5. The detecting device consists of the illuminating semi-conductor 120, such as an illuminating diode buried in the base plate 121 and the semi-conductor 122 for detecting photo-illumination mounted on the base plate 121'. Between the semi-conductors 120 and 122, a shield plate 125 fixed on the ratchet wheel shaft 116 is provided. In the conventional type of the printer, such magnetic means as a magnetic head is used for detecting the position of the character to be printed. As these magnetic devices require large spaces, they cannot be incorporated in the compact printer. The detecting means, according to the invention, using the semi-conductor elements 120 and 122 eliminates the above defect. Said semi-conductor elements 120 and 122 are mounted in the circuit board which contains the electronic circuit controlling semiconductors 120 and 122.

FIGS. 25 and 26 show a simple embodiment according to this invention for mounting the print drum 5 on the main frames 101 and 101'. This embodiment answers the requirement from the user to change the print drum 5 for various character patterns. On the upper portion of the main frame 101 of the printer, according to the invention, inserting channel 400 is provided communicating between the edge of the frame 101 and hole 401. The outer periphery of the bearing 402 for the shaft 403 of the print drum 5 has flat planes 405 in parallel with each other as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 for inserting the bearing 402 into the inserting channel 400. For mounting the print drum 5 on the main frame 101 as shown in FIG. 25, said flat plane 405 is faced against the channel portion and bearing 402 is slid down until it is inserted in the hole 401. Then as shown in FIG. 26, the bearing 402 is rotated about 90.degree. from the inserting portion 400 of the main frame 101 and L-shaped fitting place 406 is fitted to strengthen the fixing of the bearing on the frame. This construction enables easy replacement of the print drum 5 and the paper feeding roller 135. It is very advantageous for mass scale production. At the same time it is also very convenient for the user.

Reference is now made to the attachments of the printer, such as inked ribbon mechanism, color changing of ribbon and the driving device for feeding the paper.

FIGS. 14, 15, 16 and 17 are views of the paper feeding mechanism and ribbon feeding mechanism. 131 is a ratchet wheel for paper feeding fixed on the paper feeding shaft 132. 135 is a paper feeding roller made of rubber. Paper feeding ratchet lever 133 is rotatably mounted on the paper feeding lever 136 by means of the pin 134 and is biased in the conterclockwise direction by the spring 139. Lever 143, positioned to cooperate with the electromagnet 150 for paper feeding, is rotatably mounted on the paper feeding lever 136 by means of the pin 145 and is biased in the clockwise direction by the spring 139. Magnetic plate 144 facing to the electromagnet 150 for feeding the paper is fixed on the lever 143. Wheel 146 is fixed coaxial with the print drum 5 and engages with the saw teeth 137-1 of the saw-toothed lever 137. Said wheel 146 rotates in the certain reduction ratio transmitted from the motor shaft 116 through the intermediate wheel 151. Ribbon feeding lever 148 is biased in the clockwise direction by the spring 149 and is rotatably mounted on the axis 141.

FIG. 15 shows the position wherein paper 108 and ribbon 113 are advanced and printing is completed. The wheel 146 mounted coaxially with the print drum 5 disengages from the saw-toothed lever 137 which is rotatably mounted on the paper feeding lever 136 by means of the pin 138, as one end 143-1 of the lever 143 engages with the notch 137-3 of the lever 137. Energy is transmitted from the motor 116 of the printer through the intermediate wheel 151 to the wheel 146 with certain reduction ratio to rotate the print drum 5 continuously.

FIG. 16 shows the condition of the paper feeding mechanism and ribbon feeding mechanism when a signal is supplied to the electromagnet 150. When the signal is supplied to the electromagnet 150, the magnetic plate 144 is actuated and the lever 143 connected to the electromagnet 150 rotates in the counterclockwise direction to feed the paper 108. One end 143-1 of the lever 143 disengages from the notch 137-3 of the lever 137 and the lever 137 rotates in the counterclockwise direction by means of the spring 139. As a result, the continuously rotating wheel 146 engages with the saw teeth 137-1. The paper feeding lever 136 is supplied energy for feeding the paper 108 from the wheel 146 through the lever 137 and the lever 136 displaces downwardly guided by the pins 141 and 142 and the paper feeding shaft 132 to store the energy in the spring 153. Through the motion of the paper feeding lever 136, the projection 136-1 of the paper feeding lever 136 engages with the ribbon feeding lever 148 by its flat plane 148-2 and energy for feeding the ribbon 113 is stored in the spring 149. When the paper feeding lever 136 is lowered to the predetermined position, the portion 137-2 of the lever 137 contacts the motor shaft 147. The lever 137 then rotates around the pin 138 in the clockwise direction and the saw teeth 137-1 are disengaged from the wheel 146. The notch 137-3 of the lever 137 and one end 143-1 of the lever 143 are locked as in the initial position by the force of the spring 139. The paper feeding lever 136 returns to its initial position by the energy stored in the spring 153.

The mechanism for winding and reversing the inked ribbon 113 is pushed by the flat portion 148-1 of the lever 148 by means of the energy stored in the spring 149 and winds the inked ribbon 113 and reverses it.

Referring to FIG. 17 for describing the paper feeding mechanism, the ratchet wheel 131 for feeding paper 108 is rotated one pitch by the lever 133 with pawl 133-1 to advance the paper 108 by one line. To advance the paper 108 by exactly one line, the paper feeding mechanism is designed in such a manner that the ratchet wheel 131 for feeding the paper 108 is locked in the normal rotating direction by the pawl 133-1 of the lever 133, the tooth of the ratchet wheel 131 for paper feeding, the flat portion 133-2 of the lever 133 and the shaft 132 for paper feeding. The paper feeding mechanism is thus designed to prevent the paper feeding roller 135 from rotating over one pitch due to moment of inertia of the paper feeding roller 135. Further, rotation of the paper feeding roller 135 due to the force applied in the normal rotational direction for printing is checked.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing ribbon shift mechanism according to this invention for changing color of ribbon 113 in registration with the print hammers 3-1 by shifting the ribbon 113 laterally. 136 is a paper feeding lever, 155 a ribbon guide lever, 156 a ribbon shift lever, 157 a ribbon shift lever spring, 158 an electromagnet for ribbon shift, 160 a lever connected to a magnetic plate 159 facing to the electromagnet 158 for robbon shift, 161 is a spring connected to the lever 160; and 162 a bridge having the intermediate wheel 151, the spring 157 and the spring 161 mounted thereon.

Describing the operation of the inked ribbon 113 of black and red, FIG. 19 shows the condition for printing in black color. The electromagnet 158 is not energized, so printing is performed in black without displacing the ribbon shift lever 156 and the ribbon guide lever 155.

When the print command for red is not supplied to the electromagnet 158, the notch 160-1 of the lever 160 of the electromagnet 158 engages with the shoulder 156-2 of the ribbon shift lever 156, and the ribbon guide lever 155 does not operate. Therefore, ribbon shift is not performed. For printing in red, as shown in FIG. 20, the electromagnet 158 is energized by the print command for red, and the magnetic plate 159 is actuated, and the lever 160 of the electromagnet 158 for ribbon shift is rotated counterclockwise around the pin 163 to unlock the ribbon shift lever 156. The lever 156 moves the ribbon guide lever 155 upward by the force of the spring 157 and sets the red ribbon 113 in printing position.

When the paper feeding lever 136 moves downward by connecting the wheel 146 with the saw-toothed lever 137 after completing printing in red, the projection 136-2 of the paper feeding lever 136 is connected to one end 156-1 of the ribbon shift lever 156, then the ribbon guide lever 155 and the ribbon shift lever 156 move to their original position. The shoulder 156-2 is locked again with the notch 160-1 of the lever 160. So the ribbon mechanism is in such a condition wherein printing is not performed in red.

Referring to FIG. 17, this describes the relative movement between the saw-toothed lever 137 and the wheel 146. When the saw-toothed lever 137 connects with the wheel 146 and moves downwardly substantially along the line of action 200, the rotary axis 138 of the saw-toothed lever 137 lies on the right side (in FIG. 17) of the line of action 200 in the initial position. Accordingly, a moment of force is applied to the toothed-lever 137 in the counterclockwise direction and the lever 137 rotates counterclockwise to connect the lever 137 more firmly with the wheel 146.

As the lever 137 continues to lower downwardly, the rotary shaft 138 of the lever 137 approaches said line of action 200 until it reaches to the left side of the line of action 200, At this moment, the lever 137 receives a moment in the clockwise direction from the wheel 146 and rotates clockwise. In our invention, the saw-toothed lever 137 is pressed down until the flat portion 137-2 of the lever 137 strikes motor shaft 147 which is common with the motor shaft 116 (FIG. 11).

The driving device for the paper feeding mechanism substantially consists of the rotational body including ratchet wheel 146, a transmission device including paper feeding lever 136 and the saw-toothed lever 137, a first detent device including lever 143 of the electromagnet 150 and spring 139, a first trigger device including electromagnet 150, a disconnecting device including unlock member 147 and flat portion 137-2 of the saw-toothed lever, and a first spring member for paper feeding including the spring 153. For the purpose of feeding the ribbon, a second lever 148 and spring 149 is provided. For the purpose of shifting the ribbon 113, a second detent device including shoulder 156-2 of the ribbon shift lever 156 and the lever 160, a third spring member 151, and a second trigger device including the electromagnet 158 is provided.

The foregoing structure is advantageous in that the energy for winding and reversing the inked ribbon 113 and changing the color of inked ribbon 113 and feeding the paper 108 is supplied by the motor shaft 116 of the printer, and the trigger devices are used only for triggering of ribbon feeding, paper feeding and color changing of the inked ribbon 113, therefore the electromagnets 150 and 158 can operate on minimum electric power. Thus, a driving device for paper feeding and ribbon feeding suitable for a compact printer can be obtained.

In the invention, the transmission device, the disconnecting device, and the first detent device are combined and mounted on one lever 136 and the driving device for feeding the paper 108 and the inked ribbon 113 can be assembled as a unit independent from the printer body, therefore making assembly easy.

According to the invention, the wheel 146 for driving the print drum also serves as a driving device for feeding paper 108 and ribbon 113. Further, the unlock member 147 also partially serves as a motor shaft 116 of the printer. As a result, the number of parts required is reduced and construction is simplified.

The rotational body for driving the paper feeding device and the ribbon feeding device according to the invention is not directly connected to the motor shaft 116 of the printer but is connected to print drum 5 which rotates at a stepped down rate relative to motor shaft 116. Therefore, it is easy to self-start even at overload. Thus a printer with high reliability is obtainable.

The saw-toothed lever 137 according to the invention engages more firmly with the wheel 146 at the beginning of engagement and in the disengaging process it easily and surely disengages from the wheel 146 as the rotational force is applied to the saw-toothed lever 137 in such a direction as to accelerate the disengagement. Further, force is not given excessively to the unlock member 147, and wear of the unlock member 147 is reduced.

Reference is now made to the device for guiding the paper 108 according to the invention.

FIG. 21 is a side view of a prior art embodiment of a paper guide for a flying printer. 5 is a print drum rotating continuously. Character 202 is disposed on the periphery of the print drum 5. Hammer lever 3 flies to the character 202 on the print drum 5. 4 is a rotary shaft of the hammer lever 3, 205 a driving wheel for feeding the pressure sensitive paper 209 step by step. 135 is a paper feeding roller pressed against said driving wheel 205 through the paper 209. 207 and 208 are upper paper guide and lower paper guide respectively to feed the paper 209 between the hammer lever and the print drum 5. 209 is a pressure sensitive paper, the thickness of which is d. A plurality of hammer levers 3 are disposed in parallel corresponding to the number of columns to be printed. When the character 202 to be printed is placed in position to be struck by each hammer lever 3, each hammer lever rotationally flies to perform printing. During one roation of the print drum 5, a whole one line is printed on the paper 209.

Irregular printing as shown in FIG. 22 is caused due to the fact that the position of the paper 209 is shifted from the normal position facing to the hammer lever 3 during one rotation of the print drum 5. This irregular printing increases as the gap s between the upper paper guide 207 and the lower paper guide 208 is large compared with the paper thickness d. The paper 209 may pass the course M or N between the upper paper guide 207 and the lower paper guide 208, although the paper 209 is fed in the predetermined position by the paper feeding wheel 205 and the paper feeding wheel to be driven 135. Accordingly, printing may be performed when the paper 209 is in M course at one time and N course at another time. As a result, characters do not come on a uniform line. If the gap s between the upper paper guide 207 and the lower guide 208 is equal to the paper thickness d, this irregular printing will never occur. However, if s<d, it is impossible to insert the paper 209 in said gap s. It is very difficult to make the gap s a little larger than the thickness d over the whole length of the paper 209 guides 207 and 208 in a mass scale production.

The present invention intends to eliminate this irregular printing by making the gap s nearly equal to the thickness d.

Referring to one embodiment according to the invention, FIG. 23 is a side view showing one embodiment and FIG. 24 is a partial cross sectional view of FIG. 23. The ribs 207a and 208a are respectively provided on the upper paper guide 207' and the lower paper guide 208' in alternating relation alternately as shown in FIG. 24. By making the gap t between the ribs 207a and 208a nearly equal to the paper thickness, said irregular printing will be eliminated. In case of t<d or t.ltoreq.0 due to manufacturing error, the flexible paper 209 can be inserted in said gap t and advanced smoothly. Thus it is easy to apply mass scale production. Further, the paper 209 can be advanced smoothly even if the printer is subjected to the rapid change in the environment temperature and the paper 209 sticks to the paper guides 207' and 208' when the temperature approaches the dew point.

FIG. 27 shows an alternate embodiment of the paper feeding mechanism in accordance with the invention which may be adapted in place of the construction depicted in FIGS. 14-17 and like reference numerals are applied to like elements. The embodiment of FIG. 27 differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 14-17 principally in that in the embodiment of FIG. 27, paper feeding is effected during the initial displacement of paper feeding lever 136 in the direction of arrow A (FIG. 27), while in the embodiment of FIGS. 14-17, paper feeding is effected during the return stroke of paper feeding lever 136 (in the direction of arrow B of FIG. 27). For this purpose, a pawl member 252 is pivotably mounted at axis 253 on paper feeding lever 136 for displacement therewith. Pawl 252 is biased in the counter clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 27 about axis 253 by spring 254. Said pawl is provided with a notch 252-1 which cooperates with the teeth of ratchet wheel 131 to engage and rotate said ratchet wheel to effect the advancement of paper 209 during the displacement of paper feeding lever 136 in the direction of arrow A. The rounded outer edge 252-2 of pawl 252 permits said pawl to slide around the incline of the teeth of ratchet wheel 131 to permit notch 252-1 to engage the next tooth in preparation for the next cycle.

The structure of FIG. 27 differs in one further respect from the structure of FIGS. 14-17, namely in the provision of two springs 250 and 251 in place of the single spring 139, spring 250 biasing lever 137 in the counter clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 27 around pin 138 by coupling end 137-3 of said lever to paper feeding lever 136, spring 251 biasing lever 143' around pin 145 in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 27 by coupling said lever to said paper feeding lever 136.

Turning now to FIG. 28, still a further embodiment of the paper and ribbon feeding mechanism in accordance with the invention is depicted in FIG. 28, with like reference numerals being applied to like elements. In the embodiment of FIG. 28, reciprocatable member 506 is mounted for reciprocating displacement in the direction of arrows A and B, said member being provided with notches at opposed ends thereof for cooperation with guide pins 516 and 521 which also serve to define the limits of reciprocal displacement of reciprocatable member 506. Said reciprocatable member is biased in an upwardly direction at which it engages pin 521 by means of spring 510. A transmitting member 505 is pivotably mounted on reciprocatable member 506 by means of trunion 514. Transmitting member 505 is formed with a rack portion 505a for cooperation with the teeth of gear 146 which continuously rotates in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 28 in conjunction with print drum 152. Transmitting member 505 is provided with no bias springs but is held in a rest position at which rack portion 505a is out of registration with gear 146 by means of detent member 512, said detent member being pivotably mounted on reciprocatable member 506 by means of a trunion 519. Specifically, detent member 512 is formed with a projecting portion 512a dimensioned for cooperation with a notch 505d in transmitting member 505. Detent member 512 is biased in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 28 by means of spring 513 coupling said detent member to reciprocatable member 206. A stop member 514 mounted on reciprocatable member 506 serves to limit the clockwise rotation of detent member 512.

When a predetermined pulse is applied to electromagnet 150, said magnet attracts plate 512c of detent member 512, causing said detent member to rotate in the counter clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 28. Such rotation releases projecting portion 512a from notch 505d of transmitting member 505. Further, a projecting portion 512b on detent member 512 engages against a corresponding projecting portion 505b of transmitting member 505 to cause said transmitting member to rotate in the counter clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 28 around trunion 514 to bring rack portion 505a into operative engagement with gear 146. When so engaged, the entire assembly of reciprocatable member 506, transmitting member 505 and detent member 512 are displaced in a direction of arrow A by the force transmitted from gear 146 until cam portion 505c of said transmitting member strikes stop 511, to cause said transmitting member to rotate about trunion 514 in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 28. Projecting portion 505b of transmitting member 505 cooperates with projecting portion 512b of detent member 512 to cause the detent member to rotate in the clockwise direction around trunion 519 as viewed in FIG. 28 until said detent member engages stop member 514 and projecting portion 512a thereof engages notch 505d of tranmitting member 505. Once rack portion 505a of transmitting member 505 engages with the teeth of gear 146, it is no longer necessary to maintain the signal on permenant magnet 150, as the force of such engagement will maintain such engagement.

After disengagement of rack portion 505a with gear 146, the entire assembly of reciprocatable member 506, transmitting member 505 and detent member 512 are displaced in the direction of arrow B by the force of spring 510 to return the assembly to its initial rest position as depicted in FIG. 28. A paper feeding pawl 515 is pivotably mounted by means of pin 520 on reciprocatable member 6. Said paper feeding pawl 515 is biased in the clockwise direction around pin 520 as viewed in FIG. 28 by means of spring 518 coupled to reciprocatable member 506. Said paper feeding pawl is provided with a projection 515a which cooperates with the teeth of ratchet 517 during the displacement of reciprocatable member 6 in the direction of arrow B. During the displacment of the assembly including reciprocatable member 6 in the direction of arrow A, paper feeding pawl 515 is permitted to pivot due to the camming action of projection 515a on the surface of ratchet wheel 517. Ratchet wheel 517 is operatively coupled to a paper feeding roller 507 which cooperates with roller 508 to feed paper 209 an incremental distance to permit the next printing operation.

Referring now to FIG. 29, still another embodiment of the paper ribbon feeding mechanism in accordance with the invention is depicted, like reference numerals as were applied to the structure of FIG. 28 being applied to the structure of FIG. 29. The embodiment of FIG. 29 corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 28, except that the embodiment of FIG. 29 is adapted to feed during the displacement of reciprocatable member 6 in the direction of arrow A. For this purpose, paper feeding pawl member 515' is formed with a notch 515a' which engages a tooth of ratchet 517' while the assembly is in its rest position. Paper feeding pawl 515' is biased in the counter clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 29 by means of spring 518' which couples said pawl to reciprocatable member 506. As noted above, the displacement of the reciprocatable member 506 in the direction of arrow A effects paper feeding, the rounded end portion of paper feeding pawl 515' riding around the teeth of ratch 517' during the return displacement of reciprocatable member 506 in the direction of arrow B.

As described above, the present invention provides a high speed flying printer with low electrical power consumption, which is useful as an output device such as an electronic desk calculator or cash register.

It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, and those made apparent from the preceeding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

Claims

1. In a printing device having printing means, continuously rotating drive means for said printing means and paper engaging means for incrementally advancing paper in registration with said printing means, the improvement which comprises a continuously rotating rotor means driven by said drive means; a reciprocatable member proximate said rotor means and movable in first and second directions opposite to each other; guide means for guiding and limiting the excursion of said reciprocatable member; a transmitting member pivotably mounted on said reciprocatable member and having a rack portion engageable with said rotor and a cam portion; interengaging means on said rack portion and rotor means so that said rack portion and therefore said transmitting member is displaced in said first direction when said rack portion is engaged against said rotor means; means normally biasing said reciprocatable member against said guide means in said second direction toward a rest position; a detent member pivotably mounted on said reciprocatable member; trigger means for selectively pivotably displacing said detent member; respective cooperating means on said detent member and transmitting member for normally holding said transmitting member at a first position at which said rack portion is out of engagement with said rotor means and for pivotably displacing said transmitting member in response to the pivotable displacement of said detent member by said trigger means into a second position at which said rotor means is operatively engaged by said rack portion for displacing said reciprocatable member in said first direction; stopper means for disengaging said transmitting member rack portion and said rotor after a predetermined displacement of said reciprocatable member in said first direction, thereby permitting displacement of said reciprocatable member to said rest position in said second direction in response to the energy stored in said means biasing said reciprocatable member; and paper feeding means coupling said transmitting means and said paper engaging means for effecting incremental advance of said paper in response to the displacement of said transmitting member.

2. A printed device as recited in claim 1, wherein said paper-feeding means includes means operatively coupling said reciprocatable member and said paper engaging means during the displacement of said reciprocatable member in said first direction to effect paper advancement and operatively decoupling said reciprocatable member and said paper engaging means during displacement of said reciprocatable member in said second direction.

3. A printing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said paper-feeding means includes means operatively coupling said reciprocatable member and said paper engaging means during the displacement of said reciprocatable member in said second direction to effect paper advancement and operatively decoupling said reciprocatable member and said paper engaging means during displacement of said reciprocatable member in said second direction.

4. A printing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said paper-feeding means includes pawl means pivotably mounted on said transmitting member and ratchet means operatively coupled to said paper engaging means, said pawl means and said ratchet means being adapted for displacement of said ratchet means by said pawl means during displacement of said reciprocatable member in only one direction.

5. A printing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said cooperating means said transmitting member and detent member include a projecting portion on one of said tranmitting member and detent member and a corresponding recess in the other of said transmitting member and detent member for cooperation in positioning said transmitting member at its first position.

6. A printing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said cooperating means on said transmitting member and detent member include engaging projecting portions for the displacement of said transmitting member in response to the pivotable displacement of said detent member.

7. A printing device as recited in claim 6, wherein said detent member is pivotable in a first direction to effect displacement of said transmitting member, and including further stop means for limiting the displacement of said detent member in a second opposite direction substantially at the position thereof in which said transmitting member is held at its first position; and means biasing said detent member against said further stop means.

8. A printing device as recited in claim 1, wherein said trigger means is an electromagnet adapted to displace said detent member upon the application of a pulse thereto.