FIELD
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to inductors and more particularly relates to a compact inductor.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Inductors are widely used electrical components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Inductors are commonly used in electrical devices and are often included in power supplies. Because inductors generate magnetic flux and/or electromagnetic radiation, inductors must often be physically separated from other components in a chassis. In addition, the magnetic flux generated by an inductor often makes it difficult to cool the inductor using passive means such as cooling fins. A compact inductor is disclosed that reduces the leakage of magnetic flux and electromagnetic radiation so that the inductor may be disposed within a smaller volume. In addition, the inductor may support the use of passive cooling, further reducing the operating costs of employing the inductor.
The inductor includes a first planar core with a first core thickness along a first axis orthogonal to a plane of the first planar core. In addition, the inductor includes a second planar core disposed parallel to the first planar core with a second core thickness along the first axis. The inductor further includes a plurality of electrical windings disposed between and adjacent to an inside plane of the first planar core and an inside plane of the second planar core. The electrical windings may include insulated electrical wires. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core and the second planar core. The first axis is parallel to a magnetic axis of each electrical winding. A system and method also perform the functions of the inductor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the advantages of the embodiments of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the embodiments briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only some embodiments and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of scope, the embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an electrical winding;
FIG. 2A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with three overlapping electrical windings;
FIG. 2B is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of overlapping electrical windings;
FIG. 3A is a side view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with three overlapping electrical windings;
FIG. 3B is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with three overlapping electrical windings;
FIG. 3C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with three overlapping electrical windings;
FIG. 4A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with three side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 4B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with three side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 4C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with three side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 4D is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with three side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 5A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with two side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 5B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with two side-by-side electrical windings;
FIG. 6A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with common mode windings;
FIG. 6B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with common mode windings;
FIG. 6C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with common mode windings;
FIG. 6D is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with common mode windings;
FIG. 6E is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor with common mode windings;
FIG. 6F is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of common mode windings;
FIG. 6G is a perspective drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of common mode windings;
FIG. 6H is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of common mode windings with a magnetic tooth;
FIG. 7 is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with cooling fins;
FIG. 8 is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor with a magnetic tooth;
FIG. 9A is a side view drawing of simulated flux in an inductor with differential mode excitation;
FIG. 9B is a side view drawing of simulated flux in an inductor with common mode excitation;
FIG. 9C is a side view drawing of simulated flux in an inductor with common mode windings and differential mode excitation;
FIG. 9D is a side view drawing of simulated flux in an inductor with common mode windings and common mode excitation;
FIG. 10A is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a power supply;
FIG. 10B is a schematic block diagram illustrating one alternate embodiment of a power supply; and
FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of an inductor provision method.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “including,” “comprising,” “having,” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to” unless expressly specified otherwise. An enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive and/or mutually inclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” also refer to “one or more” unless expressly specified otherwise.
The schematic flowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. Although various arrow types and line types may be employed in the flowchart and/or block diagrams, they are understood not to limit the scope of the corresponding embodiments. Indeed, some arrows or other connectors may be used to indicate only an exemplary logical flow of the depicted embodiment.
The description of elements in each figure may refer to elements of proceeding figures. Like numbers refer to like elements in all figures, including alternate embodiments of like elements.
Inductors are electrical components that are often used in electrical circuits. Inductors generate a magnetic field that opposes a change in current, and are often used in power supplies and for power conditioning functions. An inductor typically includes one or more coils of electrical windings. The electrical windings may be disposed around a core. Unfortunately, the design of inductors in the past has frequently resulted in significant magnetic flux linkage, electromagnetic radiation leakage, and heat generation. As a result, inductors must often be isolated within a chassis to prevent the magnetic flux leakage, electromagnetic radiation leakage, and heat from affecting other components. This has significantly increased the cost and size of the electrical devices that include power supplies and other electrical circuits that utilize inductors.
The embodiments described herein provides an inductor that reduces magnetic flux leakage and electromagnetic radiation leakage by disposing the electrical windings between a first and second planar core as will be described hereafter. The planar cores limit the leakage of magnetic flux and electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the planar cores support efficient cooling of the inductor. As a result, the inductor requires less buffer space within an electrical chassis, reducing the cost of electrical equipment.
The topologies of traditional inductor designs are also not conducive to the use of common mode inductance. Typically, common mode inductors are added in series with differential mode inductors. However, the use of two separate inductors increases the cost and the volume required to provide an inductor with common mode inductance.
The embodiments described herein provide an inductor that integrates common mode windings with differential mode electrical windings. As a result, integrated differential mode and common mode inductance is provided within a smaller volume and at a reduced cost.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an electrical winding 110. The electrical winding 110 may comprise one or more turns of insulated electrical conductor such as electrical wire. When an electrical current is applied to the electrical winding 110, the electrical winding 135 generates a magnetic field. The magnetic field has a magnetic axis 130. In addition, a magnetic axis region 135 may be defined within the electrical winding 110. Although magnetic flux may extend all around the electrical windings 110, as used herein, the magnetic axis region 135 is bounded by an interior of the electrical winding 110 projected along the magnetic axis 130.
The electrical winding 110 is depicted as having a circular shape. However, the electrical winding 110 may also have a square shape, a rectangular shape, and oval-shaped, or the like.
FIG. 2A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with three overlapping electrical windings 110a-c. The inductor 100 includes a first planar core 105a, a second planar core 105b, and a plurality of electrical windings 110a-c. Each planar core 105 has a core thickness 106 and a core width 107. The core thickness 106 may be along a first axis 103 orthogonal to a plane 102 of the planar core 105. For example, the first planar core 105a may have a first core thickness 106a along the first axis 103 with the first axis 103 orthogonal to the plane 102a of the first planar core 105a. Similarly, the second planar core 105b may have a second core thickness 106b along the first axis 103, with the first axis 103 orthogonal to the plane 102b of the second planar core 105b.
The second planar core 105b may be disposed parallel to the first planar core 105a, such that the plane 102a of the first planar core 105a is substantially parallel to the plane 102b of the second planar core 105b. As used herein, substantially parallel planes are within 15 degrees of parallel.
In one embodiment, a ratio of the core thickness 106 to the core width 107 is in the range of 1:4 to 1:20. In a certain embodiment, the ratio of the core thickness 106 to the core width 107 is in the range of 1:8 to 1:14. Each planar core 105 may be fabricated from a material selected from the group consisting of silicon steel, iron powder, magnetic iron, and ferromagnetic materials. A separation 108 between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b may be in the range of 0.5 to 20 centimeters (cm). In a certain embodiment, the separation 108 is in the range of 1 to 4 cm. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
A plurality of electrical windings 110 are disposed between and adjacent to an inside plane 109a of the first planar core 105a and an inside plane 109b of the second planar core 105b. In the depicted embodiment, a first electrical winding 110a, a second electrical winding 110b, and a third electrical winding 110c are disposed between the planar cores 105. The magnetic axis 130 of each electrical winding 110a-c is substantially parallel to the first axis 103. In one embodiment, each of the electrical windings 110 has a 120 degree phase difference for the electrical current carried by the electrical winding 110 to each other of the plurality of electrical windings 110. The disposition of the electrical windings 110a-c is described in more detail in FIG. 2B.
FIG. 2B is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of the overlapping electrical windings 110 of FIG. 2A. In the depicted embodiment, the electrical windings 110 are disposed so that the magnetic axis region 135 of each of the three electrical windings 110a-c overlaps a portion of each other magnetic axis region 135 of each other electrical winding 110. In one embodiment, the electrical windings 110 are disposed adjacent to other electrical windings 110 and orthogonal to a plane substantially parallel to the first axis 103. However, one electrical winding 110 may cross another electrical winding 110 with a crossover bend 113. In the depicted embodiment, four crossover bends 113 are shown, while two other crossover bends 113 are obscured by electrical windings 110.
FIG. 3A is a side view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with three overlapping electrical windings 110a-c. In the depicted embodiment, the electrical windings 110a-c are disposed substantially parallel to a plane 101 orthogonal to the first axis 103. Hidden lines show the first electrical winding 110a overlapping the second and third electrical windings 110b-c in one direction and the second electrical windings 110b overlapping the first and third electrical windings 110a,c in another direction. In one embodiment, the first and/or second planar core 105a-b may include one or more grooves that receive an electrical winding 110 while the electrical winding 110 overlaps another electrical winding 110. The magnetic region 135 of each electrical winding 110 overlaps a portion of each other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
FIG. 3B is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with three overlapping electrical windings 110a-c disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The electrical windings 110a-c of FIG. 3A are shown with the magnetic region 135 of each electrical winding 110 overlapping a portion of each other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110. In one embodiment, a plane of each electrical winding 110 may be slightly offset along the first axis 103 from a plane of each other electrical winding 110.
FIG. 3C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with three overlapping electrical windings 110a-c disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The electrical windings 110a-c are shown with the magnetic region 135 of each electrical winding 110 overlapping a portion of each other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110. Each electrical winding 110 may be coplanar with each other electrical winding 110 except at crossover bends 113.
FIG. 4A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with three side-by-side electrical windings 110a-c. In the depicted embodiment, the electrical windings 110a-c are disposed substantially parallel to a plane 101 orthogonal to the first axis 103. No magnetic access region 135 of the electrical windings 110 overlaps any other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
FIG. 4B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with three side-by-side electrical windings 110a-c. The three electrical windings 110a-c of FIG. 4A are depicted disposed side-by-side and coplanar on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. No magnetic access region 135 of the electrical windings 110 overlaps any other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110.
FIG. 4C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with three side-by-side electrical windings 110a-c disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. In the depicted embodiment, the planar cores 105 have a shape selected from the group consisting of a triangular shape, a square shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, an octagonal shape, and a circular shape. Alternatively, the shape may be selected from the group consisting of a triangular shape and a circular shape. In the depicted embodiment, the shape is a triangular shape. The shape may be about a central axis 111. The electrical windings 110 may be coplanar. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c are disposed around the central axis 111. Each of the plurality of electrical windings 110 may have a 120 degree phase difference to each other of the plurality of electrical windings 110.
FIG. 4D is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with three side-by-side electrical winding 110a-c disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. In the depicted embodiment, the shape of the planar cores is a circular shape. No magnetic teeth may be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b. The electrical windings 110 may be coplanar.
FIG. 5A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with two side-by-side electrical windings 110a-b. In the depicted embodiment, the electrical windings 110a-b are disposed substantially parallel to a plane 101 orthogonal to the first axis 103. In one embodiment, no magnetic teeth are disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
FIG. 5B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with two side-by-side electrical windings 110a-b. The electrical windings 110a-b of FIG. 5A are shown disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The electrical windings 110 may be coplanar. No magnetic access region 135 of the electrical windings 110 overlaps any other magnetic axis region 135 of the other electrical windings 110.
FIG. 6A is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115. In the depicted embodiment, three side-by-side electrical windings 110a-c are shown disposed between the planar cores 105a-b. The electrical windings 110a-c may be differential mode electrical windings 110a-c. In addition, one or more common mode windings 115 are disposed between the planar cores 105a-b and adjacent to a third electrical winding 110c. In the depicted embodiment, the electrical windings 110a-b and a stack of common mode windings 115 are disposed substantially parallel to a plane 101 orthogonal to the first axis 103. In one embodiment, no magnetic teeth are disposed between the planar cores 105a-b.
FIG. 6B is a top view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115. The electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 of FIG. 6A are shown disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The magnetic axis regions 135 of the electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 do not overlap.
A plurality of common mode windings 115 may be disposed in a vertical stack along the first axis 103. The magnetic access region 135 of each common mode winding 115 may overlap a magnetic access region 135 of each other common mode winding 115. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c is electrically connected in series to one corresponding common mode winding 115. In the depicted embodiment, the plurality of common mode windings 115 are disposed adjacent to only one of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c. The electrical windings 110 and the common mode windings 115 may be coplanar.
FIG. 6C is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115. The electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 are shown disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The magnetic axis regions 135 of the electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 do not overlap. The electrical windings 110 and the common mode windings 115 may be coplanar.
A plurality of common mode windings 115 may be disposed in a vertical stack along the first axis 103. The magnetic access region 135 of each common mode winding 115 may overlap a magnetic access region 135 of each other common mode winding 115. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c is electrically connected in series to one corresponding common mode winding 115. In the depicted embodiment, the plurality of common mode windings 115 are disposed adjacent to each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c.
FIG. 6D is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115. The electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 are shown disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The magnetic axis regions 135 of the electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 do not overlap. In the depicted embodiment, the planar core 105 as a triangular shape.
The common mode windings 115 are disposed about the central axis 111. A plurality of common mode windings 115 may be disposed in a vertical stack along the first axis 103, which is orthogonal to the drawing. Each of the electrical windings 110a-c may be disposed adjacent to the common mode windings 115. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c is electrically connected in series to one corresponding common mode winding 115. Each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c may have a 120 degree phase difference to each other of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c.
FIG. 6E is a top view drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115. The electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 are shown disposed on a planar core 105. For simplicity, the opposing planar core 105 is not shown. The magnetic axis regions 135 of the electrical windings 110a-c and the common mode windings 115 do not overlap. In the depicted embodiment, the planar core 105 as a circular shape.
The common windings 115 are disposed about the central axis 111. A plurality of common mode windings 115 may be disposed in a vertical stack along the first axis 103, which is orthogonal to the drawing. Each of the electrical windings 110a-c is disposed adjacent to the common mode windings 115. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c is electrically connected in series to one corresponding common mode winding 115. Each of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c may have a 120 degree phase difference to each other of the plurality of electrical windings 110a-c.
FIG. 6F is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of common mode windings 115a-c. In the depicted embodiment, the common mode windings 115a-c comprise a first common mode winding 115a, a second common mode winding 115b, and a third common mode winding 115c. The common mode windings 115a-c are shown with the circular shape. However, the common mode windings 115a-c maybe organized in any shape. FIG. 6G is a perspective drawing illustrating one alternate embodiment of the common mode windings 115a-c organized in a square shape.
FIG. 6H is a perspective drawing illustrating one embodiment of common mode windings 115a-c with a tooth 125. The tooth 125 may be a magnetic tooth 125. The tooth may be disposed inside each common mode winding 115a-c and be disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b. The tooth 125 may concentrate magnetic flux between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
FIG. 7 is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with cooling fins 140. The cooling fins 140 may be a series of parallel ridges, an array of fingers, or the like. The cooling fins 140 may be disposed on an outer plane 117a-b of the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b. Because the planar cores 105 direct the magnetic flux from the electrical windings 110 as will be shown hereafter in FIGS. 9A-D, the cooling fins 140 may be added without substantially reducing the magnetic flux. As a result, the inductor 100 may be more effectively cooled, reducing the material cost and the operation cost of an electrical device employing the inductor 100.
FIG. 8 is a side view drawing illustrating one embodiment of an inductor 100 with a tooth 125. The tooth 125 may be a magnetic tooth 125. The tooth 125 is disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b. The tooth 125 may concentrate magnetic flux between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b.
FIG. 9A is a side view drawing of simulated magnetic flux 145 in an inductor 100 with differential mode excitation. The inductor 100 includes three differential mode electrical windings 110a-c. In the depicted embodiment, the simulated magnetic flux 145 densities are shown for portions of a first electrical winding 110a and a second electrical winding 110b in response to differential mode excitation in the first electrical winding 110a and the second electrical winding 110b.
FIG. 9B is a side view drawing of simulated magnetic flux 145 in an inductor 100 with common mode excitation in the common mode windings 115. The inductor 100 includes three side-by-side differential mode electrical windings 110a-c and common mode windings 115. The resulting simulated magnetic flux 145 is shown for excitation of the common mode windings 115.
FIG. 9C is a side view drawing of simulated magnetic flux 145 in an inductor 100 with common mode windings and differential mode excitation. The inductor 100 includes three side-by-side differential mode electrical windings 110a-c and common mode windings 115. The resulting simulated magnetic flux 145 is shown for excitation of the differential mode electrical windings 110a-c.
FIG. 9D is a side view drawing of simulated magnetic flux 145 in an inductor 100 with common mode windings 115 and common mode excitation. The inductor 100 includes three side-by-side differential mode electrical windings 110a-c and common mode windings 115. The resulting simulated magnetic flux 145 is shown for excitation of the common mode windings 115.
In each of the simulations of FIGS. 9A-D, the simulated magnetic flux 145 is effectively concentrated within the planar cores 105a-b, indicating reduced leakage of the magnetic flux by the embodiments.
In one embodiment, the flux density in the first planar core and the second planar core is less than 1 Tesla for a magnetic iron planar core and an iron powder planar core, and less than 2.03 Tesla for a silicon steel planar core. In a certain embodiment, the flux density in the first planar core and the second planar core is less than 1.8 Tesla for a magnetic iron planar core and an iron powder planar core, and less than 2.5 Tesla for a silicon steel planar core.
FIG. 10A is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a power supply 180a. In the depicted embodiment, the power supply 180a includes inputs 170, a transformer 150, a rectifier 155, an inductor 100, a plurality of capacitors 160, and outputs 175. The power supply 180a may receive alternating current power at the inputs 170 and provide direct current power at the outputs 175. In one embodiment, each of the electrical windings 110 of the inductor 100 is connected to one corresponding capacitor 160 of the plurality of capacitors 160.
FIG. 10B is a schematic block diagram illustrating one alternate embodiment of a power supply 180b. The power supply 180b includes the inputs 170, the rectifier 155, the inductor 100, the plurality of capacitors 160, and the outputs 175 of FIG. 10A. In addition, an embodiment of the inductor 100b may be used in place of the transformer 150.
FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of an inductor provision method 500. The method 500 may provide 505 a first planar core 105a with a first core thickness 106a along a first axis 103 that is orthogonal to a plane 102a of the first planar core 105a. In addition, the method 500 may provide 510 a second planar core 105b disposed parallel to the first planar core 105a with a second core thickness 106a along the first axis 103. The method 500 further provides 515 a plurality of electrical windings 110 that comprise insulated electrical wires and are disposed between and adjacent to an inside plane 109a of the first planar core 105a and an inside plane 109b of the second planar core 105b. In one embodiment, no magnetic teeth 125 are disposed between the first planar core 105a and the second planar core 105b and the first axis 103 is parallel to a magnetic axis 130 of each electrical winding 110.
The embodiments employ the planar cores 105 to concentrate the magnetic flux from the electrical windings 110 as illustrated in FIGS. 9A-D. As a result, the leakage of magnetic flux and electromagnetic radiation is reduced. In addition, the embodiments support the use of cooling fins 140, so that the inductor 100 may be cooled more efficiently. As a result, the inductor 100 requires less volume within a chassis, reducing the cost of an electrical device. In addition, because the inductor 100 may be cooled more efficiently, the operating cost of the electrical device may be reduced.
The described examples and embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. This written description uses examples and embodiments to disclose the invention, including best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The examples and embodiments may be practiced in other specific forms. The patentable scope of this invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural element with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Patent Grant
10217555
