Patent Application
20060061931
This invention relates to electrical surge protection devices, and more particularly to surge protection devices having spark gaps.
Broadband coaxial cable communications networks, such as CATV networks, include various types of electronic equipment mounted to outdoor utility poles. This electronic equipment is subjected to all types of weather conditions including, for example, lightning storms. Due to the importance of these communications networks to society, it is important that they be able to withstand the harsh conditions under which they operate.
On occasion, a high voltage surge may be transmitted through the coaxial cable to which the electronic components are interconnected, for instance, due to a lightning strike. If this high voltage surge is permitted to be picked up by the input or output pins of the interconnect device and transmitted to the electrical devices housed therein, the device would become inoperable due to the electrical components essentially melting or otherwise deteriorating as a consequence of the surge. A new electronic device would then need to be installed at the site of the surge.
In order to improve the reliability of the electronic components in a communications network, the interconnect units are generally equipped with some type of over-voltage surge protection device. IEEE Standard C62.41-1991 sets forth a recommended practice on surge voltages in low voltage power circuits. The surge protectors incorporated into the interconnect units may include, for instance, a single, conductive element positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to the incoming signal. In the event of a transient, high voltage surge, the element will accumulate and discharge the over-voltage surge to ground prior to it passing through the electrical components. Incorporation of such surge protectors, however, add significantly to the complexity in manufacturing, and hence, the cost of an interconnect unit. In addition, if a voltage surge above what the protector is designed to handle is experienced by the connector unit, it will need to be replaced in any event.
It is therefore a desired object and advantage of the present invention to provide an over-voltage surge protection device that is inexpensive to manufacture relative to the state of the art.
It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide over-voltage surge protection device that can withstand multiple surges, hence increasing the life of the coaxial cable interconnect device.
It is yet a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide surge protection, while at the same time not increasing the overall size or complexity of the cable interconnect device.
In accordance with the foregoing objects and advantages, and others, the present invention provides an over-voltage surge protection device comprising a printed circuit board having a signal carrying conductive member having a plurality of nodes positioned therealong, and a conductive member running to ground positioned therealong. The nodes on the signal carrying member and the ground member extend along a common path with corresponding ones of the signal carrying nodes positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to the conductive area of the ground member. In one version, the nodes of the signal carrying member are shaped in the form of triangles due to this particular geometry's favorable ability to accumulate and discharge voltage.
The over-voltage surge protection device may be entirely fabricated according to one version directly into the board without mounting any additional structure thereto. A circuit board substrate that contains a layer of conductive material coated thereon may be fabricated by removing conductive material (e.g., by laser ablation, chemical or photolithographic etching, or other conventional fabrication process) in all areas on the board other than those assumed by the signal carrying members and the conductive member leading to ground, respectively. The area of non-conductive material, i.e., air, separating the signal carrying members from the ground member, become the spark gaps.
According to an alternative construction, the ground conducting member can be formed along the interior of the housing of the device, which can be similarly ablated or etched with a conductive material, such as brass, the ground conducting member being aligned with the nodes of the signal conducting member and separated by non-conductive material e.g., air, providing spark gaps. In this particular design, surge protection can be provided while optimizing space consumption of the circuit board.
The spacing between the nodes (and their shape) determine the voltage level at which a spark will generate and shunt the circuit. The number of nodes present in the device will determine the number of over-voltage surges the device will be able to withstand.
In operation, and as the relative voltage potential between the node of the signal carrying member and the conductive area of the ground conducting member approaches a predetermined value, a spark will generate across the gap separating the node and the ground member. This spark discharges the voltage from the signal carrying member to the grounded member, thereby shunting the circuit. Any particular spark may cause a deterioration of the particular node, which discharges the surge. However, due to the device having a plurality of corresponding sets of nodes, the device, including the circuit board, will be able to withstand at least an equal number of over-voltage surges.
For a further understanding of these and objects of the invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description of the invention which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawing, where:
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, there is seen in
Interconnect device 12 serves, for instance, as a trap with electrical components 16 comprising a filter having a narrow pass band response within a predetermined frequency range (e.g., 5-40 MHz) with a fixed level of attenuation across the return path frequency spectrum. Such devices are commonly used in CATV networks.
Referring specifically to
Referring specifically to
Terminal node 38 is electrically connected to electrical components 16 which are, in turn, electrically connected to the output terminal node 42. Thus, when the low voltage signal (e.g., device 12 generally operates on a circuit that passes 100 volts AC, with an RF level typically between +10 and −10 dBm) is received through the input pin 28, the signal is transmitted through the signal carrying input member 34 to the electrical components 16 on the circuit board 10. Electrical components 16 then appropriately condition (e.g., filter) the signal and sent it through the signal carrying output member 36. The signal is then sent towards its final destination via the output pin 26.
According to this embodiment, an electrically conductive ground member 46 is also mounted on the printed circuit board 10. The conductive ground member 46 includes a first plurality of nodes 48 which correspond in shape and number to the nodes 40, and a second plurality of nodes 50 which correspond in shape and number to nodes 44. Nodes 48 are positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to corresponding ones of nodes 40, thereby forming a first plurality of arc or spark gaps 52 (each arc or spark gap 52 being defined by corresponding ones of nodes 40 and 48). Nodes 50 are positioned in adjacent, but spaced relation to corresponding ones of nodes 44, thereby forming a second plurality of arc or spark gaps 54 (each arc gap 54 defined by corresponding ones of nodes 44 and 50). Nodes 48, 40, 50, and 44 are defined by (and the sparks accumulate at and are discharged from) the peripheral edges of the respective conductive members of they form a part.
The arc gaps 52 and 54 separating nodes 48 from nodes 40, and nodes 50 from nodes 44, respectively, are composed of non-conductive material (such as a gap of air) and are of generally uniform thickness. If a transient surge of high voltage (e.g., as a consequence of a lightning strike) is received by either the input pin 28 or the output pin 26, the voltage will travel to nodes 40 and 44, respectively, at which point a spark will generate and arc across arc gaps 52 and 54, respectively. The high voltage surge will then be grounded by the conductive ground member 46, thereby shunting the circuit and protecting the mounted electrical components 16 therefrom. If the high voltage surge is not shunted, electrical components 16 would be destroyed through the heat generated by the surge. Consequently, it is essential to the long-term reliability of the interconnect device 12 that the device contain the over-voltage surge protection capabilities embodied by spark gaps 52 and 54.
Spark gaps 52 and 54 according to this embodiment are preferably between 1 and 10 mils in thickness. Obviously, the smaller the spark gap distance, the lower the voltage level that will generate a spark.
If a transient high voltage surge does come through pins 28 or 26 and a spark does generate across nodes 40 to 48 or 44 to 50, it is possible that a portion of the nodes 48, 50 will deteriorate and vaporize, as illustrated in
Nodes 40, 48, 44 and 50 are preferably triangular in shape (as illustrated in
In forming spark gaps 52, 54, the printed circuit board 10 is provided with a coating of conductive material on one of its planar surfaces as previously noted. Conductive material is then removed through any conventional process (e.g., laser ablation, photolithographic or chemical etching, or the like) from the areas of the circuit board 10 that are to be non-conductive, i.e., all areas other than input member 34, output member 36, and ground member 46. Forming spark gaps 52, 54 in this manner causes the gaps to be co-planar with the printed circuit board 10, thereby using minimal space and not requiring the mounting of any additional structure to board 10.
It should be readily apparent that the spark gaps that have been described herein need not be directly etched solely onto the printed circuit board 10. Referring to
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred mode as illustrated in the drawings, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that various changes in detail may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
This patent application is a continuation in part application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/178,885, filed Jul. 11, 2005; which is a continuation in part application of Ser. No. 10/339,730, filed Jan. 9, 2003, now allowed (U.S. Pat. No. 6,930,872); which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/858,739, filed May 16, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,510,035, issued Jan. 21, 2003, the entire contents of each being incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11178885 | Jul 2005 | US |
| Child | 11267650 | Nov 2005 | US |
| Parent | 10339730 | Jan 2003 | US |
| Child | 11178885 | Jul 2005 | US |
| Parent | 09858739 | May 2001 | US |
| Child | 10339730 | Jan 2003 | US |
