The present disclosure relates generally to completion systems and methods to complete a well.
Completion systems are sometimes deployed during completion operations of a hydrocarbon well. Completion systems sometimes include screens that are deployed along a casing to prevent certain particles from flowing into the casing during hydrocarbon production.
Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, which are incorporated by reference herein, and wherein:
The illustrated figures are only exemplary and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard to the environment, architecture, design, or process in which different embodiments may be implemented.
In the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical structural, mechanical, electrical, and chemical changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. To avoid detail not necessary to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments described herein, the description may omit certain information known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the illustrative embodiments is defined only by the appended claims.
The present disclosure relates to completion systems and methods to complete a well. A casing is installed across multiple zones of a wellbore of a hydrocarbon well. As referred to herein, a casing includes oilfield tubulars, production tubing, or any other type of conveyance that has an inner diameter that provides a passageway for solids and fluids to travel downhole. The casing also has one or more openings (e.g., production holes) that provide fluid passageways from the surrounding formation into the casing. In some embodiments, the openings are formed during a perforation operation. In some embodiments, the openings are formed before the casing is installed downhole. A sleeve is deployed in each zone of the casing. In some embodiments, the sleeves are each configured to shift from a first position that covers one or more openings to a second position that uncovers the one or more openings. In some embodiments, a diverter (e.g., a ball) is dropped into the passageway, where the ball flows downhole until the ball is caught by baffles of the sleeve disposed in the bottom zone (first sleeve). A force generated by the ball landing on the baffles of the first sleeve shifts the first sleeve from a first position to a second position to expose one or more openings previously covered by the first sleeve. In some embodiments, the baffle is electrically deployed after the casing has been installed in the wellbore. In some embodiments, a completion operation, such as a hydraulic fracturing operation is performed through the one or more openings to create or enhance fractures through the formation at or near the one or more openings.
A screen assembly having a filter configured to filter out materials greater than a threshold size and one or more seals configured to seal off an area around the filter is deployed in the casing.
As referred to herein, a filter is any device, structure, material, or component that prevents materials greater than a threshold size from flowing through the filter. Examples of filters include, but are not limited to, surface filters such as wire wrap screen assemblies or woven meshes, depth filters like metal wools, and layered fibers. In some embodiments, filters are porous structures such as bonded-together proppants. In some embodiments, filters are formed from wires wrapped around a pipe with a gap between the wires, a metal mesh protected by a perforated covering, or a combination of layers of wire wrap, mesh and protective layers.
The screen assembly also has a lateral surface that is degradable, or is configured or engineered to burst, puncture, or break in response to a threshold amount of pressure applied to the surface. In some embodiments, the lateral surface of the screen assembly is a burst disc, a rupture disc, a burst diaphragm, or another surface configured or engineered to burst, rupture, puncture, or break when a threshold amount of pressure (e.g., 1,000 psi, 5,000 psi, or another number of psi) is applied to the surface. In one or more of such embodiments, pressure less than the threshold amount is applied to the lateral surface to initially deploy the screen assembly downhole toward the sleeve. After deployment of the screen assembly to a location proximate to the sleeve, pressure greater than or equal to the threshold amount of pressure is applied to burst, rupture, puncture, or break the surface, thereby providing fluid communication through the screen assembly. In some embodiments, where the diverter is a dissolvable ball that has dissolved prior to landing on the screen assembly, the screen assembly also lands on the baffles of the first sleeve. In some embodiments, where the diverter remains intact or partially intact, the screen assembly lands on the diverter. In some embodiments, the screen assembly includes a pipe that is positioned adjacent to the one or more openings with the filter positioned above or below the pipe.
In some embodiments, the screen assembly lands at a position where the filter of the screen assembly is positioned around or near the one or more openings in the zone that the screen assembly landed in. In one or more of such embodiments, the screen assembly is positioned adjacent the one or more openings in the zone. In one or more of such embodiments, the screen assembly is positioned above the one or more openings. In one or more of such embodiments, the screen assembly is positioned below the one or more openings. In one or more of such embodiments, the screen assembly is positioned opposite the one or more openings. In one or more of such embodiments, the seals of the screen assembly are configured to fluidly seal off an area between the screen assembly and the casing such that fluids flowing through the one or more openings flow through the filter into the casing. In some embodiments, the sealing is performed with one or more frac plugs. In some embodiments, a sealing element, such as a swellable polymer or an expanding metal is utilized to fluidly seal off an area between the screen assembly and the casing. Additional descriptions of the screen assembly and components of the screen assembly are provided in the paragraphs below and are illustrated in at least
In some embodiments, after deployment of the seals of the screen assembly, a second diverter (e.g., a ball) is deposited into the casing and lands on an adjacent sleeve (second sleeve) that is disposed in a zone adjacent to and further uphole from the first diverter sleeve. The force of the ball landing on the second sleeve shifts the second sleeve from a first position that initially covers one or more openings to a second position that uncovers the one or more openings. In some embodiments, a hydraulic fracturing operation is performed to create or enhance fractures through the one or more openings, and a second screen assembly is deposited on or near the second sleeve to filter fluids flowing through one or more openings in the zone of the second sleeve. In some embodiments, where the casing extends through multiple zones, the foregoing operations are repeated until a screen assembly is deployed and installed in each zone.
Turning now to the figures,
In one or more of such embodiments, a cement sheath (not shown) formed from cement slush is deposited in an annulus between casing 150 and wellbore 116 to fixedly secure the casing 150 to wellbore 116 and to form a barrier that isolates the casing 150.
After drilling of wellbore 116 is complete and the associated drill bit and drill string are “tripped” from wellbore 116, casing 150 is lowered into wellbore 116. In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
Although
After baffles 221A and 221B are activated, a diverter, such as a ball, is dropped in casing 210, where the ball flows downhole until the ball lands on baffles 221A and 221B. A force generated by the ball shifts sleeve 220 from a first position illustrated in
A screen assembly is then deployed in casing 210. In that regard,
In the embodiment of
Screen assembly 230 also has a filter 232 that is configured to prevent solid particulates having a threshold size from flowing through filter 232. Further, screen assembly 230 also has seals 233A and 233B that are configured to fluidly seal screen assembly 230 around one or more openings, such as the openings uncovered by shifting of sleeve 220. Screen assembly 230 eventually lands on baffles 221A and 221B of sleeve 220, or on a diverter such as ball 241 of FIG. 2C. After screen assembly 230 lands on or near baffles 221A and 221B, filter 232 is positioned around the openings uncovered by sleeve 220 and seals 233A and 233B are actuated to seal screen assembly 230 and to confine fluid flow through the openings uncovered by sleeve 220 through filter 232. In one or more of such embodiments, seals 233A and 233B are swell polymers that are configured to form a fluid seal around filter 232, thereby restricting fluids and particles flowing through openings in zone 211A (as shown in
In that regard,
In some embodiments, the interior of screen assemblies 300 and 350 contains a chemical to change the pH of the fluid. In one or more of such embodiments, an acid or acid precursor is used to enhance the dissolution of the frac plug or the frac ball, such as ball 242 of
In the embodiment of
At block S502, a casing is installed across a plurality of zones of a well. The casing includes an opening and a sleeve positioned inside the casing. At block S504, the sleeve is shifted from a first position to a second position to uncover the opening to provide fluid communication from a zone of the plurality of zones to the interior of the casing. In some embodiments, force generated by a diverter such as a ball landing on the sleeve shifts the sleeve from the first position to the second position. In some embodiments, hydraulic pressure is applied to the diverter or directly to the sleeve to shift the sleeve from the first position to the second position. In some embodiments, a hydraulic fracturing operation is performed through the opening.
At block S506, after shifting the sleeve from the first position to the second position, a screen assembly having a filter flows inside the casing and toward the sleeve. In some embodiments, the screen assembly has a lateral surface that facilitates movement of the screen assembly inside the casing. In one or more of such embodiments, the lateral surface is configured to burst, rupture, or break in response to a threshold amount of force applied to the lateral surface. In that regard, an amount of force that is less than the threshold amount of force is applied to the lateral surface to facilitate deployment of the screen assembly. After the screen assembly is positioned at a desired location, a force greater than or equal to the threshold amount of force is applied to the lateral surface to burst, rupture, or break the lateral surface. In one or more of such embodiments, the lateral surface is configured to dissolve, degrade, or melt over a threshold period of time, or in response to coming in contact with another substance.
At block S508, the filter is positioned proximate the opening. In some embodiments, after the filter is positioned at a desired location proximate the opening, the screen assembly is fluidly sealed around the opening to confine fluid flow through the opening to flow through the filter. In some embodiments, where the multiple sleeves are positioned inside the casing, the operations described in blocks S504, S506, and S508 are repeated for each sleeve. For example, after performing the operation described in block S508, a second sleeve disposed inside the casing and in a second zone is shifted from a first position to a second position to uncover the second opening to provide fluid communication from the second zone to the casing. Further, after shifting the second sleeve from the first position to the second position, a second screen assembly having a second filter is disposed inside the casing to flow the second screen assembly toward the second sleeve. The second filter of the second screen assembly is then positioned around the second opening, and the second screen assembly is sealed around the second opening to confine fluid flow through the second opening to flow through the second filter.
The above-disclosed embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the disclosure, but the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the forms disclosed. Many insubstantial modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The scope of the claims is intended to broadly cover the disclosed embodiments and any such modification. Further, the following clauses represent additional embodiments of the disclosure and should be considered within the scope of the disclosure:
Clause 1, a method to complete a well, the method comprising: installing a casing across a plurality of zones of a well, the casing comprising an opening and a sleeve positioned inside the casing; shifting the sleeve from a first position to a second position to uncover the opening to provide fluid communication from a zone of the plurality of zones to an interior of the casing; after shifting the sleeve from the first position to the second position, flowing a screen assembly having a filter inside the casing and toward the sleeve; and positioning the filter proximate the opening.
Clause 2, the method of clause 1, further comprising sealing the screen assembly around the opening to confine fluid flow through the opening to flow through the filter.
Clause 3, the method of clause 2, wherein the casing comprises a second opening and a second sleeve, the method further comprising: after sealing the screen assembly, shifting the second sleeve from a first position to a second position to uncover the second opening to provide fluid communication from a second zone of the plurality of zones to the casing; after shifting the second sleeve from the first position to the second position, flowing a second screen assembly having a second filter inside the casing and toward the second sleeve; positioning the second filter around the second opening; and sealing the second screen assembly around the second opening to confine fluid flow through the second opening to flow through the second filter.
Clause 4, the method of clause 3, wherein the casing comprises a third opening and a third sleeve, the method further comprising: after sealing the second screen assembly, shifting the third sleeve from a first position to a second position to uncover the third opening to provide fluid communication from a third zone of the plurality of zones to the casing; after shifting the third sleeve from the first position to the second position, flowing a third screen assembly having a third filter inside the casing and toward the third sleeve; positioning the third filter around the third opening; and sealing the third screen assembly around the third opening to confine fluid flow through the third opening to flow through the third filter.
Clause 5, the method of any of clauses 1-4, further comprising deploying a diverter into the casing, wherein a force generated by landing of the diverter on the sleeve shifts the sleeve from the first position to the second position.
Clause 6, the method of any of clauses 1-5, further comprising applying hydraulic pressure to the sleeve, wherein the hydraulic pressure applied to the sleeve shifts the sleeve from the first position to the second position.
Clause 7, the method of any of clauses 1-6, further comprising after shifting the sleeve from the first position to the second position, performing a hydraulic fracturing operation through the opening.
Clause 8, the method of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the screen assembly comprises a lateral surface configured to break in response to a threshold amount of pressure applied to the lateral surface, the method further comprising: applying a first amount of pressure to flow the screen assembly to the sleeve; and applying a second amount of pressure to break the lateral surface, wherein the first amount of pressure is less than the threshold amount of pressure and wherein the second amount of pressure is greater than or equal to the threshold amount of pressure.
Clause 9, a completion system, comprising: a casing that extends across a plurality of zones of a well, the casing comprising an opening that provides fluid communication from the well to the casing; a sleeve positioned inside the casing and configured to slide from a first position to a second position to uncover the opening; and a screen assembly comprising: a filter that is positioned proximate the opening; and a sealing element that seals the screen assembly around the opening to direct fluid flow through the opening to flow through the filter.
Clause 10, the completion system of clause 9, wherein the screen assembly is positioned around the opening to confine fluid flow through the opening to flow through the filter.
Clause 11, the completion system of clause 10, wherein the casing comprises a second opening, and wherein the completion system comprises a second sleeve positioned inside the casing and proximate to the second opening.
Clause 12, the completion system of clause 11, wherein the second sleeve is configured to shift from a first position to a second position to uncover the second opening to provide fluid communication from a second zone of the plurality of zones to the casing.
Clause 13, the completion system of clause 12, further comprising a second screen assembly having a second filter that is positioned proximate to the second sleeve, wherein the second screen assembly is sealed around the opening to confine fluid flow through the second opening to flow through the second filter.
Clause 14, the completion system of clause 13, wherein the casing comprises a third opening, and wherein the completion system comprises a third sleeve positioned inside the casing and proximate to the third opening.
Clause 15, the completion system of clause 14, wherein the third sleeve is configured to shift from a first position to a second position to uncover the third opening to provide fluid communication from a third zone of the plurality of zones to the casing.
Clause 16, the completion system of clause 15, further comprising a third screen assembly having a third filter that is positioned proximate to the third sleeve, wherein the third screen assembly is sealed around the third opening.
Clause 17, the system of any of clauses 9-16, wherein the screen assembly comprises a lateral surface configured to break in response to a threshold amount of pressure applied to the lateral surface.
Clause 18, the system of any of clauses 9-17, wherein the filter is configured to restrict flow of solid particles having a threshold size from flowing through the filter.
Clause 19, the system of any of clauses 9-18, wherein the sealing element is a swellable polymer.
Clause 20, the system of any of clauses 9-19, wherein the sealing element is an expanding metal.
As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification and/or the claims, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. In addition, the steps and components described in the above embodiments and figures are merely illustrative and do not imply that any particular step or component is a requirement of a claimed embodiment.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3314481 | Willman | Apr 1967 | A |
6510896 | Bode et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
7387165 | Lopez De Cardenas et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7571765 | Themig | Aug 2009 | B2 |
8191627 | Hamid et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
8479808 | Gouthaman | Jul 2013 | B2 |
20060124310 | Lopez de Cardenas | Jun 2006 | A1 |
20140051612 | Mazyar | Feb 2014 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2003046335 | Jun 2003 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in corresponding International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/048285. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210172297 A1 | Jun 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62946217 | Dec 2019 | US |