Patent Application
20090023333
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to radio frequency (RF) coaxial connectors. More specifically, the present invention relates to coaxial connectors having a conductive elastomeric ground plane.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many connectors are known in the RF connector field. One known type of RF connector includes two end connectors that are connected by a coaxial wire. End connectors typically include threaded caps that are screwed onto a corresponding connector to provide a mechanical and electrical connection. Examples of this type of RF connector are SMA, GPO, and MMCX connectors. With this type of RF connector, a connector is required for each signal line. That is, if there are four signal lines, then four connectors are required.
These types of RF connectors have several problems. They are expensive because an RF connector is required for each signal line. The density of this type of connector is relatively low and is limited by the size of the end connector and by any tool needed to connect this type of connector to a printed circuit board. A connector must be provided on the target printed circuit board by soldering or screwing, which makes the RF connector very hard to replace in the field. Often the small size of RF connectors requires very high un-mating forces which often causes damage to the solder joint or the target printed circuit board. Mating and un-mating of the RF connectors requires a large amount of time. Because only one signal line at a time can be mated, the chance of incorrectly mating the signals of the RF connector increases.
Another known type of RF connector includes a plurality of coaxial wires, in which one end of the plurality of coaxial wires is connected to an end connector and in which the other ends of the plurality of coaxial wires are arranged in an array that uses connector-less solutions, e.g., gold dot, fuzz button, silver particles suspended in an elastomer, etc. With this type of RF connector, a single connector can be used when multiple signal lines are required.
This type of RF connector has several problems. The electrical performance of these connectors is relatively poor. The lifetime of some of these connectors is relatively short because of the limited mating cycles of the connector-less solutions. Some of these connectors also require a large normal force to mate the connector.
To overcome the problems described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a connector including a connector body, a plurality of compression coaxial contacts disposed in the connector body, and a plurality of coaxial cables connected to corresponding ones of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts. The connector body includes a conductive elastomeric ground plane, and at least a portion of each of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts is disposed in the conductive elastomeric ground plane.
The connector body can include a plurality spacer layers. The plurality of spacer layers are connected to each other by a plurality of screws or other fastening members. At least one of the plurality of spacer layers preferably includes a hole in which all of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts are disposed. At least one of the plurality of spacer layers preferably includes a plurality of holes, and each of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts is disposed in a corresponding one of the plurality of holes. Each of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts preferably includes at least one retention arm. The connector preferably further includes at least one spacer layer having a plurality of holes corresponding to the plurality of compression coaxial contacts, where each of the plurality of holes includes at least one slot and at least one ledge.
Each of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts preferably includes a cable retaining nut, a spring, and a ground housing. Each of the plurality of coaxial cables preferably includes a center conductor, an insulator, and an external conductor. The ground housing is movable with respect to the cable retaining nut. When the connector is connected to a circuit board, the spring is preferably arranged to push the ground housing toward the circuit board.
Each of the plurality of compression coaxial contacts preferably includes a signal probe, a ground housing, and a contact insulator. The signal probe, the ground housing, and the contact insulator are preferably arranged to have a coaxial structure. Preferably, the center conductor is connected to the signal probe, the insulator is connected to the contact insulator, and the external conductor is connected to the ground housing.
The connector body preferably includes a pluralities of holes into which a plurality of screws can be inserted to attach the connector body to a circuit board. The plurality of holes are preferably arranged such that an equal or substantially equal compression force is provided throughout the connector when the connector body is attached to the circuit board.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a connector assembly including test equipment and a connector according to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The connector assembly preferably further includes a circuit board to which the connector is attached. The conductive elastomeric ground plane is preferably connected to ground in the circuit board.
Other features, elements, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
Compliant coaxial connector 10 includes coaxial cables 13, end connectors 14, compression coaxial contacts 30, and a connector body 15. One end of each of the coaxial cables 13 is connected to an end connector 14, and the other end of each of the coaxial cables 13 is connected to a corresponding compression coaxial contact 30 that is disposed in the connector body 15. Typically, 2.92 or 1.8 SMA or MSMP connectors are used as the end connectors 14. However, any other suitable end connector can also be used. The end connectors 14 are preferably connected to test equipment (not shown).
For the sake of clarity,
The bosses 12 are inserted into holes in the circuit board 50, and the screws 11 are inserted into holes in the connector body 15 and screwed into the bosses 12. The bosses 12 are pressed into the circuit board 50, which prevents the bosses 12 from turning when the screws 11 are inserted and screwed into the bosses 12. Preferably, the bosses 12 have been tapped so that the screws 11 are easily screwed into bosses 12.
As shown in
The spacer layers 16a and 16b of the connector body 15 are preferably connected together by two types of screws, shoulder screws 18 and self-tapping screws 19. Tube nuts 20 are inserted into the spacer layers 16a and 16b, and the shoulder screws 18 are screwed into the tube nuts 20. Tube nuts 20 are preferably prevented from rotating by square flanges 20a, which make it easier to screw the shoulder screws 18 into the tube nuts 20. Self-tapping screws 19 are screwed into holes in the spacer layers 16a and 16b. Two different screws are used to hold the parts together better and to make manufacturing easier. It is also possible to use a different arrangement to attach the spacer layers 16a and 16b together. For example, it is possible to use only a single type of screw or to use more than two types of screws to attach the spacer layers 16a and 16b together. It is also possible to use glue, epoxy, or any other suitable material to attach the spacer layers 16a and 16b together.
The conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is preferably attached to the connector body 15 by a friction fit. However, any other suitable method of attaching the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 to the connector body 15 can also be used. The conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is preferably made of fluorosilicone with a filler of silver or aluminum particles with a Shore A hardness of about 70. However, other suitable materials, filler metals, and hardnesses can also be used.
The screws 11 and the bosses 12 are not relied upon to form the connector body 15. Screws 11 and bosses 12, as described above, are used to attach the connector body 15 to the circuit board 50.
The center conductor 13a preferably has a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical shape. However, the center conductor 13a could have a rectangular shape or other suitable shape. The center conductor 13a and the external conductor 13c are preferably made of copper. However, the center conductor 13a and the external conductor 13c can be made of brass, silver, gold, copper alloy, any highly conductive element that is machinable or manufacturable with a high dimensional tolerance, or any other suitable conductive material. The insulator 13b could be made of TEFLON™, FEP, air-enhanced FEP, TPFE, nylon, combinations thereof, or any other suitable insulating material. The jacket 13d can be made of the same materials as the insulator 13b, FEB, or any suitable insulating material.
As shown in
Signal probe 32 can have a regular tip as shown in
Each of the compression coaxial contacts 30 includes a cable retaining nut 31, signal probe 32, a spring 34, a ground housing 35, and an insulator 36. The cable retaining nut 31 can include retention arms 37, which will be discussed below. The signal probe 32, the ground housing 35, and the insulator 36 are arranged such that a coaxial structure, similar to that of the coaxial cables 13, is maintained throughout the compression coaxial contact 30. That is, the signal probe 32 is surrounded by the insulator 36, and the insulator 36 is surrounded by the ground housing 35. Further, the signal probe 32 is connected to the center conductor 13a; the insulator 36 of the compression coaxial contact 30 is connected to the insulator 13b of the coaxial cable 13; and the ground housing 35 is connected to external conductor 13c. The tip of the signal probe 32 extends from the bottom of the compression coaxial contact 30.
The signal probe 32 and the ground housing 35 are preferably made of beryllium copper (BeCu) or brass with the tip gold plated so that the tip can penetrate any oxide layer any particles on any electrical pad (not shown) of the circuit board 50, but any other suitable conductor or plating could be used. The insulator 36 is preferably made of TEFLON™, but any other suitable insulator could be used.
The cable retaining nut 31, the spring 34, and the ground housing 35 are arranged such that the ground housing 35 is free to move with respect to the cable retaining nut 31 and such that, when the connector body 15 of the compliant coaxial connector 10 is attached to the circuit board 50, the spring 34 provides a force in the direction of the circuit board 50. The force provided by the spring 34 insures that the tip of the signal probe 32 makes a reliable contact with the electrical pad on the circuit board 50. The electrical pad can be made of gold, hard gold, soft gold, OSP, HASL, silver, copper, or any other suitable material so long as the oxide layer formed on the pad is not too thick. This arrangement of the cable retaining nut 31, the spring 34, and the ground housing 35 allows the tolerances in the surface flatness of the circuit board 50 to be relatively large.
The bottoms of the ground housings 35 from which the tips of the signal probes 32 extend are disposed in the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17. The conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is connected to ground on the circuit board 50. The conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is grounded by being connected to ground pads (not shown), ground plane (not shown), or any other electrically conductive part that is connected to ground. Because the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is compressible, the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 maintains contact with the ground housing 35, which grounds the ground housing 35, when the connector body 15 is connected to the circuit board 50. Because the ground housing 35 is connected to the external conductor 13c of the coaxial cable 13, the coaxial cables 13 and the compression coaxial contacts 30 are connected to a common ground, i.e., the ground of the circuit board 50. By locating ground next to the signal transmitted through center conductor 13a and signal probe 32, the inductance of the signal can be kept relatively low; the cross-talk between adjacent signals can be kept relatively low; and the signal bandwidth can be kept from significantly degrading.
The frame 40 and the spacer layer 16c are preferably connected to each other by screws 19. However, any other suitable method of connecting the frame 40 and the spacer layer 16c can also be used. Before the compliant coaxial connector 10′ is attached to a motherboard, the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 is attached to the connector body 15′ by a friction fit. However, any other suitable method of attaching the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17 to the connector body 15′ can also be used.
After the compliant coaxial connector 10′ is attached to a motherboard, the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17, the frame 40, and the spacer layer 16c are preferably connected to each other by screws 11 and bosses 12. However, any other suitable method of connecting the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17, the frame 40, and the spacer layer 16c can also be used.
As with the previous preferred embodiment, compliant coaxial connector 10′ also includes end connectors 14 and compression coaxial contacts 30 that are connected by coaxial cables 13. Compression coaxial contacts 30 are inserted into holes in the spacer layer 16c, the frame 40, and the conductive elastomeric ground plane 17. Further, the coaxial cables 13 include a center conductor 13a, an insulator 13b, an external conductor 13c, and a jacket 13d. The compression coaxial contacts 30 include a cable retaining nut 31, signal probe 32, a spring 34, a ground housing 35, an insulator 36, and retention arms 37.
The spacer layer 16c is similar to the spacer layer 16a discussed above, except that, as shown in the close-up in the lower right hand corner of
The compression coaxial contact 30 is inserted into the connector body 15′ such that the retention arms 37 are aligned with the slots 41. After the compression coaxial contact 30 is inserted into the connector body 15′, the compression coaxial contact 30 is turned such that the retention arms 37 are aligned with the ledges 42. With this arrangement, it is difficult to remove the compression coaxial contact 30 from the connector body 15′ without turning the compression coaxial contact 30 such that the retention arms 37 are aligned with slots 41. Preferably, there are two slots 41 and ledges 42 in the hole in the spacer layer 16c and two corresponding retention arms 37 on the compression coaxial contact 30. However, there could be one, or three or more, of each of the slots 41, ledges 42, and retentions arms 37.
As explained above, when the compression coaxial contact 30 is inserted into the connector body 15′, a downward force is provided to the signal probe 32 by the spring 34. This downward force ensures a good mechanical connection between the signal probe 32 and the electrical pad on the circuit board 50, which ensures a good electrical connection.
To insert or remove a compression coaxial contact 30, the pair of projections 64 are inserted into corresponding slots 38 (only one slot is shown in
It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
