Patent Application
20220307381
This application is a related application of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 17/210,760, titled “Component Assembly for Variable Airfoil Systems”, filed concurrently on Mar. 24, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present subject matter relates generally to a gas turbine engine, or more particularly to a component assembly for a gas turbine engine, the component assembly located immediately downstream of a combustion section of the gas turbine engine.
A gas turbine engine generally includes a fan and a core arranged in flow communication with one another. Additionally, the core of the gas turbine engine generally includes, in serial flow order, a compressor section, a combustion section, a turbine section, and an exhaust section. In operation, air is provided from the fan to an inlet of the compressor section where one or more axial compressors progressively compress the air until it reaches the combustion section. Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and burned within the combustion section to provide combustion gases. The combustion gases are routed from the combustion section to the turbine section. The flow of combustion gases through the turbine section drives the turbine section and is then routed through the exhaust section, e.g., to atmosphere.
A forward end of the turbine section includes a first stage of turbine nozzles for directing and metering combustion gases from the combustion section through the turbine section. The first stage of turbine nozzles may be attached at a forward end to an outer liner or an inner liner of a combustor of the combustion section, and at an aft end to, e.g. a shroud surrounding a first stage of turbine rotor blades.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a component assembly for a gas turbine engine having a combustor defining a combustion chamber, the gas turbine engine defining a core air flowpath, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction is provided. The component assembly includes an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils that extend inward from the outer shell periphery; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils that extend outward from the inner shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and the integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction.
In certain exemplary embodiments a portion of the outer shell defines a first part of the combustion chamber, and a portion of the inner shell defines a second part of the combustion chamber.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils comprise a first transition portion at a first leading edge and a first edge portion at a first trailing edge, wherein the first transition portion extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the first transition portion extends at an angle inward from the outer shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the outer shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils are hollow and the integral inner shell airfoils are hollow.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral inner shell airfoils comprise a second transition portion at a second leading edge and a second edge portion at a second trailing edge, wherein the second transition portion extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the second transition portion extends at an angle outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the inner shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the outer shell and the inner shell are fixed relative to one another.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a component assembly for a gas turbine engine having a combustor defining a combustion chamber, the gas turbine engine defining a core air flowpath, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction is provided. The component assembly includes an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
In certain exemplary embodiments the first array of integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery, and wherein the second array of integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a gas turbine engine defining a radial direction and a circumferential direction is provided. The gas turbine engine includes a combustion section comprising a combustor defining a combustion chamber; and a component assembly, the component assembly and the combustion section at least partially defining a core air flowpath of the gas turbine engine, the component assembly comprising: an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath at a location downstream of the combustion chamber, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils that extend inward from the outer shell periphery; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath at the location downstream of the combustion chamber, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils that extend outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein a portion of the outer shell defines a first part of the combustion chamber, and wherein a portion of the inner shell defines a second part of the combustion chamber.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and the integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils comprise a first transition portion at a first leading edge and a first edge portion at a first trailing edge, wherein the first transition portion extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery, and the integral inner shell airfoils comprise a second transition portion at a second leading edge and a second edge portion at a second trailing edge, wherein the second transition portion extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the first transition portion extends at an angle inward from the outer shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the outer shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the second transition portion extends at an angle outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the inner shell periphery.
In certain exemplary embodiments the integral outer shell airfoils are hollow and the integral inner shell airfoils are hollow.
In certain exemplary embodiments the outer shell and the inner shell are fixed relative to one another.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any manner.
Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention.
The following description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the described embodiments contemplated for carrying out the invention. Various modifications, equivalents, variations, and alternatives, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any and all such modifications, variations, equivalents, and alternatives are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the invention. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.
As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components.
The terms “forward” and “aft” refer to relative positions within a gas turbine engine, with forward referring to a position closer to an engine inlet and aft referring to a position closer to an engine nozzle or exhaust.
The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows.
The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, “approximately”, and “substantially”, are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value, or the precision of the methods or machines for constructing or manufacturing the components and/or systems. For example, the approximating language may refer to being within a ten percent margin. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations are combined and interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.
The present disclosure includes a component assembly for a gas turbine engine having a combustor defining a combustion chamber, the gas turbine engine defining a core air flowpath, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction. The component assembly includes an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils that extend inward from the outer shell periphery. The component assembly further includes an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils that extend outward from the inner shell periphery. The component assembly of the present disclosure includes a portion of the outer shell defining a first part of the combustion chamber, and a portion of the inner shell defining a second part of the combustion chamber. By having the integral inner shell airfoils with the geometry described herein and integral with the inner shell and the integral outer shell airfoils with the geometry described herein and integral with the outer shell, the airfoils of the present disclosure have a more aerodynamic shape and function than conventional systems in which nozzles are arranged as separate components aft of the combustor.
The present disclosure creates a shelled, lobe structure and is capable of replacing the stage one nozzles. In one embodiment, the continuous rings of the combustion liners are extended to replace the nozzle bands and the nozzle airfoils are formed as cantilevered lobes on the aft side of the combustor liners. As described herein, half of the airfoils are placed on the inner liner and half are placed on the outer liner and then mesh together at assembly to form a fully integrated flow path structure. In this manner, by integrating the airfoils and the nozzle geometry into the combustion liners to form a singular flow path structure eliminates flow path steps, purge flows, and interfacing hardware. The present disclosure reduces weight, simplifies mounting configuration, optimizes geometry into integral shell architecture, eliminates segment gaps inside assemblies, eliminates axial purge, reduces number of parts by eliminating individual nozzle singlet/doublets and supporting hardware, maintains cooling film from liner onto nozzle bands, and mitigates flow path steps.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein identical numerals indicate the same elements throughout the figures,
The exemplary turbomachine 16 depicted generally includes a substantially tubular outer casing 18 that defines an annular inlet 20. The outer casing 18 encases, in serial flow relationship, a compressor section including a booster or low pressure (LP) compressor 22 and a high pressure (HP) compressor 24; a combustion section 26; a turbine section including a high pressure (HP) turbine 28 and a low pressure (LP) turbine 30; and a jet exhaust nozzle section 32. A high pressure (HP) shaft or spool 34 drivingly connects the HP turbine 28 to the HP compressor 24. A low pressure (LP) shaft or spool 36 drivingly connects the LP turbine 30 to the LP compressor 22. Additionally, the compressor section, combustion section 26, and turbine section together define at least in part a core air flowpath 37 extending therethrough.
For the embodiment depicted, the fan section 14 includes a variable pitch fan 38 having a plurality of fan blades 40 coupled to a disk 42 in a spaced apart manner. As depicted, the fan blades 40 extend outwardly from disk 42 generally along the radial direction R. Each fan blade 40 is rotatable relative to the disk 42 about a pitch axis P by virtue of the fan blades 40 being operatively coupled to a suitable actuation member 44 configured to collectively vary the pitch of the fan blades 40 in unison. The fan blades 40, disk 42, and actuation member 44 are together rotatable about the longitudinal axis 12 by LP shaft 36 across a power gear box 46. The power gear box 46 includes a plurality of gears for stepping down the rotational speed of the LP shaft 36 to a more efficient rotational fan speed.
Referring still to the exemplary embodiment of
During operation of the turbofan engine 10, a volume of air 58 enters the turbofan 10 through an associated inlet 60 of the nacelle 50 and/or fan section 14. As the volume of air 58 passes across the fan blades 40, a first portion of the air 58 as indicated by arrows 62 is directed or routed into the bypass airflow passage 56 and a second portion of the air 58 as indicated by arrow 64 is directed or routed into the LP compressor 22. The ratio between the first portion of air 62 and the second portion of air 64 is commonly known as a bypass ratio. The pressure of the second portion of air 64 is then increased as it is routed through the high pressure (HP) compressor 24 and into the combustion section 26, where it is mixed with fuel and burned to provide combustion gases 66.
The combustion gases 66 are routed through the HP turbine 28 where a portion of thermal and/or kinetic energy from the combustion gases 66 is extracted via sequential stages of HP turbine stator vanes 68 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and HP turbine rotor blades 70 that are coupled to the HP shaft or spool 34, thus causing the HP shaft or spool 34 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the HP compressor 24. The combustion gases 66 are then routed through the LP turbine 30 where a second portion of thermal and kinetic energy is extracted from the combustion gases 66 via sequential stages of LP turbine stator vanes 72 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and LP turbine rotor blades 74 that are coupled to the LP shaft or spool 36, thus causing the LP shaft or spool 36 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the LP compressor 22 and/or rotation of the fan 38.
The combustion gases 66 are subsequently routed through the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 of the turbomachine 16 to provide propulsive thrust. Simultaneously, the pressure of the first portion of air 62 is substantially increased as the first portion of air 62 is routed through the bypass airflow passage 56 before it is exhausted from a fan nozzle exhaust section 76 of the turbofan 10, also providing propulsive thrust. The HP turbine 28, the LP turbine 30, and the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 at least partially define a hot gas path 78 for routing the combustion gases 66 through the turbomachine 16.
It should be appreciated, however, that the exemplary turbofan engine 10 depicted in
Referring now to
As shown, the combustor assembly 100 generally includes an inner liner 102 extending between an aft end 104 and a forward end 106 generally along the axial direction A, as well as an outer liner 108 also extending between an aft end 110 and a forward end 112 generally along the axial direction A. The inner and outer liners 102, 108 together at least partially define a combustion chamber 114 therebetween. The inner and outer liners 102, 108 are each attached to or formed integrally with an annular dome. More particularly, the annular dome includes an inner dome section 116 formed integrally with the forward end 106 of the inner liner 102 and an outer dome section 118 formed generally with the forward end 112 of the outer liner 108. Further, the inner and outer dome sections 116, 118 may each be formed integrally (or alternatively may be formed of a plurality of components attached in any suitable manner) and may each extend along the circumferential direction C to define an annular shape. It should be appreciated, however, that in other embodiments, the combustor assembly 100 may not include the inner and/or outer dome sections 116, 118; may include separately formed inner and/or outer dome sections 116, 118 attached to the respective inner liner 102 and outer liner 108; or may have any other suitable configuration.
Referring still to
For the embodiment depicted, the inner liner 102 and the outer liner 108 are each formed of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material, which is a non-metallic material comprising ceramic fibers reinforcing a ceramic matrix and having high temperature capability. Exemplary CMC materials utilized for such liners 102, 108 may include, by way of example and not limitation, silicon carbide, silicon, silica or alumina matrix materials and combinations thereof. The ceramic fibers may include, by way of example and not limitation, oxidation stable reinforcing fibers including monofilaments like sapphire and silicon carbide (e.g., Textron's SCS-6), as well as rovings and yarn including silicon carbide (e.g., Nippon Carbon's NICALON®, Ube Industries' TYRANNO®, and Dow Corning's SYLRAMIC®), alumina silicates (e.g., Nextel's 440 and 480), and chopped whiskers and fibers (e.g., Nextel's 440 and SAFFIL®), and optionally ceramic particles (e.g., oxides of Si, Al, Zr, Y and combinations thereof) and inorganic fillers (e.g., pyrophyllite, wollastonite, mica, talc, kyanite and montmorillonite).
Referring still to
As is depicted, the exemplary HP turbine 28 of
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In one embodiment, the integral outer shell airfoils 138 have a varying thickness from the first leading edge 162 to the first trailing edge 166. For example, the first transition portion 160 that extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery 137 has a first thickness portion that is less than a second thickness portion at the first edge portion 164. In an exemplary embodiment, the integral outer shell airfoils 138 have a non-symmetrical geometry. For example, the first transition portion 160 that extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery 137 has a first geometrical portion 180 that is different than a second geometrical portion 182 at the first edge portion 164.
Referring to
In one embodiment, the integral inner shell airfoils 142 have a varying thickness from the second leading edge 172 to the second trailing edge 176. For example, the second transition portion 170 that extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery 141 has a first thickness portion that is less than a second thickness portion at the second edge portion 174. In an exemplary embodiment, the integral inner shell airfoils 142 have a non-symmetrical geometry. For example, the second transition portion 170 that extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery 141 has a first geometrical portion 190 that is different than a second geometrical portion 192 at the second edge portion 174.
By having the integral inner shell airfoils 142 with the geometry described herein and integral with the inner shell 140 and the integral outer shell airfoils 138 with the geometry described herein and integral with the outer shell 136, the airfoils 138, 142 of the present disclosure have a more aerodynamic shape and function than conventional systems in which nozzles are arranged as separate components aft of the combustor.
The present disclosure creates a shelled, lobe structure and is capable of replacing the stage one nozzles. In one embodiment, the continuous rings of the combustion liners are extended to replace the nozzle bands and the nozzle airfoils are formed as cantilevered lobes on the aft side of the combustor liners. As described herein, half of the airfoils are placed on the inner liner and half are placed on the outer liner and then mesh together at assembly to form a fully integrated flow path structure. In this manner, by integrating the airfoils and the nozzle geometry into the combustion liners to form a singular flow path structure eliminates flow path steps, purge flows, and interfacing hardware. The present disclosure reduces weight, simplifies mounting configuration, optimizes geometry into integral shell architecture, eliminates segment gaps inside assemblies, eliminates axial purge, reduces number of parts by eliminating individual nozzle singlet/doublets and supporting hardware, maintains cooling film from liner onto nozzle bands, and mitigates flow path steps.
In an exemplary embodiment, the integral inner shell airfoils 142 and the integral outer shell airfoils 138 define an airfoil shape and curved profile along the axial direction A for directing a flow of combustion air flowing therethrough in a desired direction. For example, the integral inner shell airfoils 142 and the integral outer shell airfoils 138 may define a chord line extending from a leading edge to a trailing edge, and a mean camber line also extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge. In an exemplary embodiment, the mean camber line is divergent from the chord line, such that the integral inner shell airfoils 142 and the integral outer shell airfoils 138 each define a camber.
Further aspects of the invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:
1. A component assembly for a gas turbine engine having a combustor defining a combustion chamber, the gas turbine engine defining a core air flowpath, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction, the component assembly comprising: an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils that extend inward from the outer shell periphery; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils that extend outward from the inner shell periphery.
2. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
3. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and wherein the integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction.
4. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein a portion of the outer shell defines a first part of the combustion chamber, and wherein a portion of the inner shell defines a second part of the combustion chamber.
5. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils comprise a first transition portion at a first leading edge and a first edge portion at a first trailing edge, wherein the first transition portion extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery.
6. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the first transition portion extends at an angle inward from the outer shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the outer shell periphery.
7. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils are hollow, and wherein the integral inner shell airfoils are hollow.
8. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the integral inner shell airfoils comprise a second transition portion at a second leading edge and a second edge portion at a second trailing edge, wherein the second transition portion extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery.
9. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the second transition portion extends at an angle outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the inner shell periphery.
10. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the outer shell and the inner shell are fixed relative to one another.
11. A component assembly for a gas turbine engine having a combustor defining a combustion chamber, the gas turbine engine defining a core air flowpath, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction, the component assembly comprising: an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
12. The component assembly of any preceding clause, wherein the first array of integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery, and wherein the second array of integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery.
13. A gas turbine engine defining a radial direction and a circumferential direction, the gas turbine engine comprising: a combustion section comprising a combustor defining a combustion chamber; and a component assembly, the component assembly and the combustion section at least partially defining a core air flowpath of the gas turbine engine, the component assembly comprising: an outer shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the outer shell having an outer shell periphery that comprises a first array of integral outer shell airfoils that extend inward from the outer shell periphery; and an inner shell at least partially defining the core air flowpath, the inner shell having an inner shell periphery that comprises a second array of integral inner shell airfoils that extend outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein a portion of the outer shell defines a first part of the combustion chamber, and wherein a portion of the inner shell defines a second part of the combustion chamber.
14. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils and the integral inner shell airfoils are disposed in a staggered and alternating arrangement.
15. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils extend inward from the outer shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction, and wherein the integral inner shell airfoils extend outward from the inner shell periphery along the radial direction and are spaced apart along the circumferential direction.
16. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils comprise a first transition portion at a first leading edge and a first edge portion at a first trailing edge, wherein the first transition portion extends obliquely inward from the outer shell periphery, and wherein the integral inner shell airfoils comprise a second transition portion at a second leading edge and a second edge portion at a second trailing edge, wherein the second transition portion extends obliquely outward from the inner shell periphery.
17. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the first transition portion extends at an angle inward from the outer shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the outer shell periphery.
18. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the second transition portion extends at an angle outward from the inner shell periphery, wherein the angle is not perpendicular to the inner shell periphery.
19. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the integral outer shell airfoils are hollow, and wherein the integral inner shell airfoils are hollow.
20. The gas turbine engine of any preceding clause, wherein the outer shell and the inner shell are fixed relative to one another.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
While this disclosure has been described as having exemplary designs, the present disclosure can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
