Patent Grant
12123441
This invention relates to a composed element, a multi-layered board and a panel-shaped element for forming such composed element.
More particularly, the invention aims at a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements which are coupled to each other, can be coupled to each other, respectively. Herein, the invention relates to any form of composed element comprising at least two or more panel-shaped elements, irrespective of the field of application, and irrespective of the fact whether the composed element substantially consists exclusively of the panel-shaped elements or whether these panel-shaped elements solely form a part thereof.
Although the invention can be applied in any application, it is intended in particular for being applied in the fields of furniture, walls and wall coverings. Herein, the invention in particular aims at connections between panel-shaped elements, as well as multi-layered boards, which are particularly suited for application for such panel-shaped elements.
More particularly, the invention aims at connections between panel-shaped elements, which can be realized in a smooth manner and are suitable for being applied with furniture that is sold in dismantled condition and has to be assembled by the buyer himself. Herein, this relates in particular to so-called flat-pack furniture.
It is known that furniture panels are coupled to each other in various manners. A classical technique consists in connecting them with dowels driven into openings and also fixed by gluing, which, however, is a technique which is not very suitable for do-it-yourselfers.
It is also known to supply connection accessories with the furniture in the form of a large number of pins, screws, clamping pins and so on. On the one hand, this large number of accessories makes it difficult for the user to keep track of how he has to assemble a piece of furniture, and, on the other hand, the manufacturer has to package all these accessories along with the furniture parts, which requires extra costs and work. In particular with so-called flat-pack furniture, wherein all parts are delivered in a flat package, it is desired to keep the package to be sold as simple as possible, both in respect to a simple production and composition in a flat-pack and in respect to user-friendliness towards the buyer who has to assemble the furniture by himself.
Also, it has already been proposed to connect furniture panels by means of coupling means which allow turning two or more furniture panels at their edges into each other. However, the proposed solutions show certain disadvantages, as a consequence of which up to now no functional solution has been offered for composing furniture panels and such to a larger whole in a simple manner.
Thus, the present invention relates to a composed element, the composing parts of which can be coupled together in a functional manner, and wherein the coupling means applied therewith moreover preferably are of such kind that they can be produced easily, as well as provide in a coupling which technically is developed such that it interferes with the esthetical appearance of a piece of furniture only minimally or not at all.
To this aim, the invention, according to a first aspect, relates to a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements, which each have an edge zone in which coupling means are present in the form of a profiled part respectively extending in the longitudinal direction of the edge zone concerned, as well as each comprise an end face extending transversely to the respective edge zone, wherein said profiled parts allow coupling the panel-shaped elements together in an interlocking manner, with the characteristic that at least one of the panel-shaped elements comprises means which, at the location of the end face, hide from view at least a portion of the profiled part formed at the pertaining edge zone. It is clear that this herein preferably relates to means which are already present at the panel-shaped elements before they are composed, thus, means which are provided or realized at the manufacturer's and which thus do not have to be provided after mounting the composed element.
Due to these means, the design of the profiled parts no longer has an influence on the exterior of the composed element, and the exterior surface can be finished in an optimum manner. As, when realizing the profiled parts, it is no longer necessary to consider the effect thereof on the exterior, the manufacturer moreover has the possibility of optimizing the profiled part in an unlimited manner in respect to good connection characteristics.
According to a first possibility, said means consist in that at the end face a strip of covering material is provided having next to said edge zone a contour course which differs from the contour course of said profiled part.
In a preferred embodiment, the strip of covering material has a rectilinear contour course next to said edge zone. It is clear that in this manner a classical straight covering strip can be used.
Further, it is preferred that the strip of covering material at the height of said edge zone has a contour course which, in the case that the edge zone is situated at a panel surface, is situated in the plane of this panel surface, and that, in the case that the edge zone is situated at a side edge, extends between the corner edges of this side edge.
The strip of covering material preferably consists of an adhered edge strip, more particularly a laminate strip or an ABS strip (synthetic material strip of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). This latter offers the advantage that it is stronger than a laminate strip, thereby having a better damage-resistance.
It is clear that the strip of covering material thus already is provided on the respective side at the manufacturer's before the panel-shaped elements are assembled by the user. An advantage of utilizing such strip is that the profiles may be accomplished in a continuous pass machine.
According to a second possibility, said profiled part shows at least a recessed portion in the first edge zone, and said means consist of a filling material filling at least a part of the recessed portion next to said end face edge. Here, the filling material may consist of a filling compound as well as of an insertion piece.
According to a third possibility, the profiled part at said edge zone is performed up to a distance from said narrow edge only, such that at the end of the edge zone situated near the narrow edge, there remains a panel portion, which as such is not provided with a profile.
In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, said means are performed such that, in the coupled condition of the panel-shaped elements, both profiled parts, according to a view on the end face, are hidden from view. It is also preferred that the panel-shaped elements there, where they are coupled together, show end faces with a rectangular end contour, more particular, as if the boards would fit against each other with straight sides.
The aforementioned coupling means may be of any kind, however, they are performed such that the panel-shaped elements can be joined together laterally. This latter means that two of such panel-shaped elements can be presented opposite each other with the edge zones provided with profiled parts and, from such position, can be coupled to each other by means of a suitable displacement. This movement may consist of a turning movement and/or a displacement, in which a coupling by means of a snap action is created.
The coupling means preferably comprise a tongue and groove, as well as locking elements, which, in a normal mutual usage position of the panel-shaped elements, counteract the drifting-apart of tongue and groove.
According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements, which each have an edge zone in which coupling means are present in the form of a profiled part respectively extending in the longitudinal direction of the edge zone concerned, as well as each comprise an end face extending transversely to the respective edge zone, wherein said profiled parts allow coupling the panel-shaped elements together in an interlocking manner, with the characteristic that at least one of the panel-shaped elements is provided with a covering at the end face in the form of a strip of covering material, and that the profiled part extending to the same panel element extends continuously through said strip of covering material. According to this aspect, a less expensive solution is obtained, however, while still maintaining a certain finish at the front ends of the profiled parts.
According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements, which each have an edge zone in which coupling means are present in the form of a profiled part respectively extending in the longitudinal direction of the edge zone concerned, as well as each comprise an end face extending transversely to the respective edge zone, wherein said profiled parts effect that the panel-shaped elements are coupled together in an interlocking manner, with the characteristic that the profiled part of at least one of the panel-shaped elements extends continuously up to said end face such that at this side a contour of the profiled part is visible and that the composed element comprises an additional element, more particularly a front panel, which, at least in one usage position, is situated in front of said contour and substantially covers the latter and thereby hides it from view.
In a practical application, said additional element is a door, for example, a cupboard door, which in closed condition substantially covers that contour.
Here, too, a simple and less expensive solution is offered for hiding the profiled parts from view, at least in the most often occurring usage position.
According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element in the form of a wall portion or a furniture element, with the characteristic that it comprises at least two panel-shaped elements; that at least one and preferably both of the panel-shaped elements consist of a board formed of at least two structural material layers, a first material and a second material layer, respectively; and that the panel-shaped elements are provided with coupling means in the form of profiled parts, which, in the assembled condition, effect that the panel-shaped elements are coupled together in an interlocking manner.
This aspect offers the advantage that by using two structural layers, possibilities are obtained for optimizing the panel-shaped elements. For example, one material layer may be tailored to realizing sturdy coupling means therein, whereas the other material layer may be tailored to imparting the panel-shaped element a larger thickness and strength in an economic manner.
Preferably, the profiled parts are provided in the board material itself, more particularly by means of a machining cutting treatment, in particular a milling treatment.
The use of at least two structural layers is particularly useful for panel-shaped elements which are coupled to each other at an angle, preferably at 90 degrees.
In a particular embodiment, the composed element according to the fourth aspect is characterized in that the panel-shaped elements are connected at an angle by coupling means, wherein the coupling means comprise a tongue and groove integrated into the board material, as well as locking means present at the tongue and groove, which locking means counteract the drifting apart of the tongue and groove, wherein these locking means consist of locking elements, which are situated all along the side of the tongue situated closest to the inner side of the respective corner. Consequently, the locking elements are situated at a certain distance from the outer corner, due to which the risk of tearing off of certain parts under heavy load is minimized.
Preferably, such composed element herein shall be made such that the panel-shaped elements form a corner connection which forms a flush corner at the exterior side, thus, is free from protruding portions.
The composed elements according to the fourth aspect preferably utilize a multi-layered board, which further also shows one or more of the following characteristics:
As will become clear from the detailed description, it is evident that the coupling means and pertaining locking elements preferably are realized at least partially in the first material layer.
The first, second, third and fourth aspect are aspects which can be applied with panel-shaped elements coupled together in the same plane, as well as with panel-shaped elements coupled together at an angle.
According to a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements, which consist of a board material and which are connected together at an angle, with the characteristic that the panel-shaped elements are connected by means of coupling means which comprise a tongue and groove substantially made as profiled parts in the board material itself, wherein the tongue has a first side and an opposed second side, and wherein said coupling means further also comprise locking elements preventing, in coupled condition, the drifting apart of the tongue and groove.
In a preferred embodiment of a composed element according to the fifth aspect, said coupling means show one or more of the following characteristics:
In still another preferred embodiment of the fifth aspect, such composed element further is characterized in that the panel-shaped elements consist of at least two structural material layers, a first material layer and a second material layer, respectively, wherein this composed element further shows any of the following characteristics:
As the locking elements are realized in the finer material, for example, MDF or HDF, the risk is small that torn-off particles would exert a disadvantageous influence on the locking. Also, narrower tolerances can be applied.
Also with composed panels according to the fifth aspect, it is preferred that the panel-shaped elements at the exterior side of a corner formed by them adjoin each other in a flush manner, such that the corner concerned is free from protruding panel parts.
According to a sixth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, which is composed at least partially of a set of panel-shaped elements completely surrounding a space, with the characteristic that the panel-shaped elements are coupled to each other entirely around this space by means of coupling means in the form of profiled parts integrated into the edges of the panels, said profiled parts allowing that all these panel-shaped elements can be joined into each other laterally. Preferably, said space is surrounded by four panel-shaped elements, which successively are laterally joined into each other by means of coupling means in the form of profiled parts integrated into the edges of these elements and thereby form an element with four corners. Further, it is preferred herein that said four panel-shaped elements possess profiled parts, which are composed such that the four panel-shaped elements can be joined together in at least one of the following manners:
The sixth aspect offers the advantage of a simple assembly.
According to a seventh aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, characterized in that it comprises a basic structure which, at least at three successive sides, is provided with a covering formed by panel-shaped elements, with the characteristic that these panel-shaped elements mutually are connected to each other by means of coupling means. Such composed element allows that the covering can easily be provided around the basic structure, due to said coupling means, and as such also is held in its place. In a practical embodiment, the panel-shaped elements consist of board material, and the coupling means are formed at least by profiled parts formed in the board material itself.
The basic structure may consist of any element. It may relate, for example, to a carcass for a piece of kitchen furniture, a refrigerator, for example, a wine storage cupboard, and so on.
According to an eighth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, which is composed of a basic structure formed by a refrigerator, which is provided with a covering at a number of sides, with the characteristic that the covering consists of panel-shaped elements consisting of wood-based board provided with a laminate covering. This eighth aspect allows providing for a covering in an inexpensive manner. The wood-based board is, for example, an MDF or HDF board.
According to a ninth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element in the form of a wall portion or a furniture element, which comprises at least two panel-shaped elements, with the characteristic that they are connected by means of coupling means making use of a locking element, which is made as an insertion piece in an edge in one of the panel-shaped elements. The use of such insertion piece offers the advantage that in respect to locking, bending and the like, other features may be obtained than when the coupling means are performed in the board material of the panel-shaped elements themselves. Consequently, the connection between two panel-shaped elements can be optimized considerably, as in this manner a sturdier locking can be realized, however, without putting an extensive load on the board material itself.
Preferable characteristics of such coupling means using an insertion piece will become evident from the description and the claims.
According to a tenth aspect, the invention relates to a multi-layered board, with the characteristic that it consists of at least two structural material layers, a first material layer and a second material layer, respectively, which both are made as a wood composite and wherein the material of the first material layer shows a finer structure than the material of the second layer.
It is clear that by a “wood composite”, a composition is meant which is at least formed of components on the basis of wood and a binding agent connecting these components to each other. These components consist, for example, of wood particles and/or wood fibers and/or wood flour, also called sawdust. The fact that reference is made to “components” in the plural form, means that this relates to an amount of component particles and thus does not mean that different kinds, such as fibers on the one hand and particles on the other hand, must be present in the same layer, although this is not excluded.
By a “finer” structure, in particular a structure is meant, which, in a cross-section of the first material layer, offers a finer surface than the surface obtained with a cross-section of the second material layer.
Such “finer” structure may consist, for example, in that finer wood components are applied in the first material layer and/or that a better filling is used in the first material layer, such that a less porous structure is obtained, and/or in that a higher density is applied in the first material layer.
It is clear that such board can be realized in a relatively cheap manner, as it is substantially made on the basis of wood, however, at the same time has important usage possibilities, as each material layer can be optimized in function of the application.
This multi-layered board preferably has a structure fulfilling one or more of the following possibilities:
It is noted that all possible combinations of the herein above summarized possibilities for the first and second material layer specifically fall within the invention, with the exception of combinations showing mutually contradictory characteristics.
It is clear that by “structural” layers, layers have to be understood which, viewed in cross-section, each form an essential component part of the thickness of the composed board. Layers, which thus, for example, are performed exclusively as a skin, such as, for example, a thin layer of finer particles at the surface of the board in order to obtain a smoother surface, can not be considered a structural layer. Preferably, the first and second material layer show thicknesses each being at least 25% and still better at least 30% of the total thickness of the composed board.
It is clear that the difference intended by “finer structure” relates to a difference obtained by a production method applied explicitly for this purpose, more particularly by applying mutually different materials, mutually different material blends, or materials in different ratios, whereas a density distribution which is purely the result of, for example, pressing and consolidating a material mass in a press, where, as is known, a larger compression takes place at the surface than in the center, is not considered a “difference” as intended by the invention.
It is noted that a board which comprises at least two structural layers, which thus each have a considerable thickness in respect to the total thickness, and wherein the first material layer is formed by a pressed wood composite, whereas the second material layer comprises a pressed composite material of a lesser weight, as such also is advantageous, irrespective whether the first material does have or does not have a finer structure than the second material layer. To this aim, the present invention, according to an eleventh aspect, thus also relates to a board, which is characterized in that it comprises at least two structural material layers, wherein the first material layer thereof is formed by a pressed wood composite, whereas the second material layer comprises a pressed composite material of a lesser weight, more particularly of the light-weight type. Preferably, the first material layer consists substantially, and still better exclusively, of wood composite, thus of wood components, such as wood particles and/or fibers, which are pressed and are consolidated by means of a binding agent, by which this first material layer, for example, is comparable to or consists of particle board or MDF/HDF board. The composite material of the second material layer preferably is a composite, thus, material particles with binding agent, formed on the basis of one or more materials chosen from the series of:
It is clear that still other materials can be blended into the composites.
The foamed synthetic material can be foamed during the production of the board, as well as already foamed beforehand and can be taken up between the wood components, for example, in the form of foamed particles, for example, granules, prior to pressing the whole to form a board.
According to the eleventh aspect of the invention, the first material layer and second material layer preferably form a part of a unitary pressed structure, although it is not excluded to start for each of the two material layers from a separately manufactured board, wherein the respective boards then are attached to each other.
It is clear that also according to the eleventh aspect, by “structural layers”, layers have to be understood which, viewed in cross-section, each form an essential component part of the thickness of the composed board. Layers, which thus, for example, are performed exclusively as a skin, such as, for example, a thin layer of finer particles at the surface of the board in order to obtain a smoother surface, can not be considered a structural layer. Preferably, the first and second material layer show thicknesses each being at least 25% and still better at least 30% of the total thickness of the composed board.
It is clear that the boards of the tenth as well as of the eleventh aspect, apart from the mentioned two structural material layers, may comprise still other structural material layers. According to a particular embodiment, the boards will be performed as sandwich panels, with at least three structural material layers, wherein then preferably two adjacent material layers of the aforementioned three material layers are formed by said first and second material layer.
Boards with only two structural material layers, however, show the advantage that they are easier to realize. Also, each material layer then may have a relatively large thickness in relation to the total thickness, which is useful when coupling parts have to be realized in one of the material layers.
Of course, the boards of the tenth and eleventh aspect may be provided with a finish on one or both flat sides, for example, treated with melamine and/or printed and/or lacquered. It is noted that, when the boards of the tenth or eleventh aspect are performed as a unitary pressed structure, the transition between the first material layer and the second material layer may be gradual. The middle of the transition then shall be considered the borderline.
Further, it is preferred that said multi-layered board according to the tenth or eleventh aspect is characterized in that it is made as a panel-shaped element, which, at least at two edges, is provided with coupling means for coupling several of such panel-shaped elements to each other in an interlocking manner, whether or not by the intermediary of provided in between profiled connecting pieces, wherein these coupling means show one or more of the following features:
According to the invention, all features summarized herein above can be combined at wish, inasmuch as such combinations are not contradictory.
According to an independent twelfth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element comprising at least two panel-shaped elements, which mutually are at an angle, as well as at least one connecting piece, which can cooperate with both panel-shaped elements, with the characteristic that at least one of the panel-shaped elements comprises an edge zone in which coupling means are present in the form of a profiled part extending in the longitudinal direction of the edge zone concerned; that the connecting piece comprises at least one profiled part extending in the longitudinal direction thereof; and that said profiled parts allow laterally joining the panel-shaped element and the connecting piece into each other in an interlocking manner and in this way coupling them to each other.
Such composed element has the advantage that it is easy to assemble and that the use of small components, such as screws, connecting pins, clamping systems and the like can be excluded for forming the corner connection. Also, it is easy to manufacture. The connecting piece can be realized from different materials, at manufacturer's choice, whereby for this purpose another material may be chosen than for the panel-shaped elements.
The panel-shaped elements consist, for example, of laminated wood composite boards, such as laminated particle board or wood fiberboard, or multi-layered boards, such as already described herein above. Also, otherwise-coated wood composite boards are taken into account.
The connecting pieces preferably are made as profiled laths. They may be formed, for example, by extrusion or by providing the necessary profiles in straight laths by means of a machining treatment, such as a milling process.
A number of practical examples of materials from which the connecting pieces can be realized, are MDF, HDF, solid wood, aluminum or synthetic material, more particularly Nylon, PET, PP, PVC and the like. Of course, the profiled parts may be provided with a covering, for example, by means of a print and/or one or more lacquer layers and/or by encasing. In the case of encasing, any film can be used, for example, paper, PP, PVC, PET, veneer and the like.
The connecting pieces may have different lengths. Their final length may correspond to the depth of a piece of furniture or the like applying it, or differ therefrom. For example, it is not excluded to apply short connecting pieces, whereby then, for example, at least two thereof will have to be applied at a distance from each other along a respective edge of a piece of furniture. In such case, these connecting pieces may have a length of several centimeters or even have a length of one centimeter or less.
Preferably, the profiled part at the panel-shaped elements is made in one piece therewith.
The profiled parts preferably are configured such that the panel-shaped elements and the connecting pieces can be joined into each other at least by means of a snap movement. Still better, they are configured such that, at the location of one and the same connection, they can be joined into each other by turning as well as by snapping, at the assembler's choice.
The profiled parts preferably apply a tongue and groove connection, wherein the tongue and groove are provided with locking parts or locking elements, which prevent the drifting apart. The tongue preferably is situated at the distal end of the panel-shaped element, whereas the groove is provided in the connecting piece. Preferably, the tongue is split for the purpose of the snap action. Herein, it is advantageous that the slot present in the tongue to this aim extends up to a depth which, in mounted condition, is deeper than up to the plane where the panel-shaped elements adjoins the connecting piece.
The composed element of the twelfth aspect preferably is a furniture element. This may relate to a furniture element of any kind. A practical field of application is in modular hanging or standing cupboards. Another application is in kitchen cupboards, for example, for composing basic kitchen modules, which then are further finished by the kitchen installers, for example, by providing thereon front walls, countertops and the like.
In a corner construction, preferably both panel-shaped elements adjoining thereto are coupled to the connecting piece in such manner by means of profiled parts. It is noted that the tongue and groove in a single-fold corner connection preferably are always situated closer to the inner corner than to the outer corner.
Also, connecting pieces can be applied, which allow a T-connection, a cross connection or a connection in the same plane, such that a plurality of furniture modules can be formed next to each other and one upon the other.
Preferably, the connecting pieces are mounted along the corner edges, where side walls have to be coupled with upper walls, lower walls, respectively, of a module. More particularly, it is preferred that the component parts of such module all around between side walls, upper wall and lower wall are coupled in such manner, thus, by means of the connecting pieces.
According to a thirteenth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, which comprises at least two modules situated next to each other, with side walls, upper walls and lower walls, which are formed by panel-shaped elements, characterized in that the side wall where the modules adjoin each other, is formed by a single common panel-shaped element; that there is a first connecting construction between this common panel-shaped element and the upper walls of the modules; that there is a second connecting construction between this common panel-shaped element and the lower walls of the modules; and that at the location of at least one of said connecting constructions, one of the panel-shaped elements, via a profiled part formed at this panel-shaped element, is coupled directly or indirectly to the other panel-shaped elements.
By the technique of the thirteenth aspect, the respective modules can be assembled in a fast manner. A separate height adjustment and connection between separate side walls is no longer necessary. Moreover, space is saved, in consideration of the fact that between the modules, only a single common panel-shaped element is required.
In a preferred embodiment, all panel-shaped elements which come together in said connecting constructions are coupled to each other by means of profiled parts provided in the elements, whether or not by means of intermediate pieces.
For the coupling means and/or connecting pieces used therewith, preferably use is made of embodiments as described in the preceding aspects.
The eleventh aspect is particularly advantageous when building kitchen cupboards, in particular in modules offered as a basis to kitchen builders, which latter then build complete kitchen cupboards from these modules, by providing them, for example, with front panels, countertops, possible additional lateral coverings and a variety of accessories.
According to a fourteenth aspect, the invention also relates to a board, which, over the majority of its thickness, comprises a pressed wood composite, which is at least composed of wood components and a binding agent, with the characteristic that in the wood composite, by means of its composition, a reinforcing layer of a local thickness is formed. By a “local thickness”, it is meant that the reinforcing layer shows a thickness which is smaller than the total thickness of the board and thus, viewed in a cross-section, is present only locally.
It is noted that the reinforcing layer is formed in the wood composite, which means that the reinforcing layer is in one piece integrated into the board and that this does not relate to a separate layer applied by gluing or the like between other board-shaped layers formed in advance.
Such board of the fourteenth aspect has the advantages that, on the one hand, it can be realized in an economic manner, and, on the other hand, it offers advantageous features in a large number of applications.
Due to the fact that it is started from a pressed wood composite and the most important basic material thus is wood, the costs, however, remain relatively low. In that the reinforcing layer moreover only is formed over a certain thickness, also the amount and cost of the materials required to this aim are kept low.
It is clear that such board can be advantageously applied, for example, when manufacturing furniture panels. The furniture panels manufactured thereof then show, amongst others, an increased bending resistance, due to which, when being applied, for example, as a shelf, they will sag less fast and/or can carry heavier loads.
In a particular embodiment, the board is applied in the manufacture of panels which are provided with coupling means formed of the board material, which coupling means comprise locking parts or locking elements, and these coupling means are realized at least partially in the reinforcing layer. This offers the advantage that the coupling means obtained are stronger than with a panel realized from a similar board, however, without such reinforcing layer being present. As a result thereof, for example, sturdier couplings can be realized, wherein the coupling parts may be loaded heavier without a break and/or tear-off thereof occurring. On the other hand, according to the invention it is also possible to realize a less expensive board, for example, with a lower density and thus relatively with less wood composite, wherein due to the reinforcing layer, coupling means still can be realized therein, which have a normal or even better strength. A practical application thereof, for example, consists in manufacturing panels in MDF, wherein at least in a certain thickness thereof a reinforcing layer is integrated, such that at that location, an increased strength is created in the board, and such MDF board then can be used in many applications as a replacement for a HDF board, which as such is more expensive.
Consequently, the invention is particularly useful with floor panels, furniture panels and ceiling panels, which are provided with coupling means at their edges, which coupling means allow coupling such panels to each other in an interlocking manner, whether directly or indirectly.
It is clear that generally, the location of the reinforcing layer can be chosen in function of the application for which the board is used. Also, it is clear that possibly also two or more reinforcing layers can be provided in the board.
Preferably, the reinforcing layer substantially extends over the entire board, preferably relatively uniform. This offers the advantage that, irrespective where a panel is formed from a board, for example, is sawed therefrom, it is always possible to form reinforced coupling means at the edge.
The board according to the fourteenth aspect preferably relates to a board of the type obtained by pressing a mat-shaped layer of wood composite, whether or not in combination with other materials, as is usual in the traditional manufacture of particle board and MDF/HDF boards.
The wood composite which is applied in the board according to the fourteenth aspect of the invention, preferably consists of wood fibers with a binding agent. More particularly, it is preferred that the wood composite is performed as a MDF or HDF board, in which then the reinforcing layer is integrated.
However, it is not excluded to apply other wood composites for this purpose, such as particles and the like, such that in such case, the board according to the fourteenth aspect consists of a particle board with a reinforcing layer integrated therein.
The reinforcing layer may be performed in different ways.
The reinforcing layer may be formed, for example, by locally applying wood components, which, at least in one certain direction, offer a higher strength than the remaining wood components. An example thereof is a particle board in which a wood fiber layer has been incorporated. The wood fiber layer, which then is comparable, for example, to MDF or HDF, shows a higher tensile strength in the plane of the board than in the portion of the board which is composed of particles. In such application, it is preferred that the wood fiber layer is situated at one side of the board only or rather is situated in the middle, thus, at a distance from both sides, such in view of forming coupling means in this reinforcing layer.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the invention, the reinforcing layer does not necessarily have to consist of wood composite and may also be formed by a reinforcing layer which utilizes other materials. For example, it may be formed by glass fibers, which form a layer as such in between the wood composite, or which are blended with the wood composite over a certain thickness; preferably introduced as loose fiber particles which are consolidated by pressing.
Another efficient technique of the invention consists in realizing the reinforcing layer by means of the applied binding agent. According to a first possibility, the board is formed such that it comprises more binding agent at the location of the reinforcing layer. Herein, this may relate to an additional amount of binding agent of the same binding agent which is applied in the remainder of the board, and/or to an additional amount of another material with a binding effect. By applying more binding agent, a better bonded and more solid mass is obtained, which also increases the strength of the board at the location of the reinforcing layer.
Particular binding agents, which can be used in the layer to be reinforced, are elastomers and/or thermoplastics. More particularly, it is preferred that polyurethane is applied, in a non-foamed form, and still in particular thermoplastic polyurethane.
The reinforcing layer may be provided adjacent to a surface of the board, thus, of the raw board, as well as within the board, thus, at a distance from the two flat sides of the board. For example, when it is intended to realize a board with an increased impact resistance at the surface, it is clear that the reinforcing layer preferably is realized at that surface. For example, when the intention is to be able to form sturdier coupling means in the edges of the board, then the reinforcing layer preferably is present over that portion of the thickness of the board, where this contributes to a reinforcement in the coupling means in the best way.
It is clear that the invention also relates to panels which are formed from a board according to the fourteenth aspect of the invention, more particularly panels with coupling means, which are at least partially performed in the reinforcing layer. Here, this may relate to furniture panels, wall or ceiling panels, as well as floor panels.
It is noted that the use of an elastomer and/or thermoplastic as a binding agent also offers good characteristics in respect to noise dampening, in particular in respect to impact noises, such as footfall sound when walking on floor panels, however, also in respect to penetrating noises. In connection herewith, the present invention, according to a fifteenth aspect, relates to a board, which, for the majority of its thickness, is composed of a pressed wood composite, consisting of wood components bonded by a binding agent, characterized in that it is provided, over a local thickness, with a layer of elastomer and/or thermoplastic, more particularly polyurethane or a product on the basis of polyurethane, and more particularly thermoplastic polyurethane. By applying this material only over a minor thickness, in other words, not the entire thickness, costs remain low. Efficiency, however, remains good, as the product is present in the entire board as a layer, even if this is only over a portion of the thickness thereof.
It is clear that this then is a layer which forms part of the pressed board itself. The elastomer and/or the thermoplastic, and more particularly the polyurethane, thus is situated between the wood components and/or the wood components are impregnated therewith. For this purpose, the elastomer and/or the thermoplastic, more particularly the polyurethane or the product on the basis of polyurethane, may be added to the wood components either in combination with the usual binding agent of the wood composite, or as a replacement thereof, at the location where the layer concerned has to be formed.
The wood components can consist of particles and/or wood fibers, and such board can be realized, for example, in a similar manner as wood particle boards or wood fiberboards, such as MDF and HDF, wherein then it is started from two wood composites, on the one hand, a wood component which is at least glued with the elastomer and/or the thermoplastic, more particularly the polyurethane or the product on the basis of polyurethane, whether or not combined with other binding agent, and, on the other hand, a wood component which is glued with a binding agent which does not comprise said elastomer and/or the thermoplastic, more particularly the polyurethane or the product on the basis of polyurethane, or does comprise it to a considerably lesser extent. Starting from these wood composites, then a mat consisting of different layers can be formed by strewing the treated wood components, such that after pressing this mat a board according to the invention is obtained.
Alternatively, one may also start from the same wood composite, which is glued with a traditional binding agent, wherein during the forming of the mat to be pressed, the elastomer concerned and/or the thermoplastic concerned are added thereto, for example, by spraying or the like.
Other possibilities for providing the elastomer and/or the thermoplastic in the board itself in the form of a layer, more particularly the polyurethane or a product on the basis of polyurethane, and still more particularly thermoplastic polyurethane, are not excluded to achieve a board according to the fifteenth aspect. For example, a possibility may consist in that the layer is formed by impregnating the upper side of an already formed particle board or wood fiberboard with the respective materials.
The layer of elastomer and/or thermoplastic, more particularly polyurethane or a product on the basis of polyurethane, and in particular thermoplastic polyurethane, best is situated in the proximity of a surface of the board and more particularly preferably is adjacent to this surface. Consequently, such boards are considered particularly useful as a basic board for realizing floor panels from them, more particularly floor panels having a thin top layer on top of the basic layer of which they consist. As in such applications the respective layer then is directly beneath or at a very small distance beneath the top layer, a clearly observable dampening effect against footfall sound is obtained, which presumably is due to the fact that said layer forms a more or less elastic underlay for the mostly hard top layer.
The above-mentioned effect is particularly useful with floor panels which are formed of such board and are provided with a laminate layer, in particular DPL (Direct Pressure Laminate). Herein, the top layer is hard and thin. Due to the hardness, usually an undesired footfall sound is produced when it is walked upon. Due to the fact that the top layer, however, is thin and said dampening layer is situated directly or almost directly underneath, a good dampening effect is obtained. Also in floor panels with other top layers, there is an improvement, such as in floor panels having a top layer of HPL (High Pressure Laminate) or a top layer consisting of one or more prints and/or one or more layers of lacquer, such as primers, decorative paint layers, transparent top layers and the like.
In particular with a directly printed board, whether or not by the intermediary of primers, and whether or not provided with a transparent protective layer, however, with the exclusion of classical laminate layers consisting of one or more paper sheets soaked in resin, the invention will show its usefulness, as the produced footfall sound as such then will be low and moreover is dampened well.
The layer of elastomer and/or polyurethane, more particularly polyurethane or a product on the basis of polyurethane, and in particular thermoplastic polyurethane, is situated with its upper side preferably not farther than 2 mm and still better not more than 1 millimeter below the surface of the floor panel to be walked on.
Thus, it is also clear that the invention relates to floor panels showing the above-mentioned characteristics.
According to a sixteenth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, which comprises at least two panel-shaped elements, which mutually are at an angle and are coupled by means of a connection, wherein one of the two forms a back part, whereas the other forms a part extending perpendicularly in respect to the back part, with the characteristic that at least one of the panel-shaped elements, for forming said connection, comprises a zone, more particularly an edge zone, at which coupling means are present in the form of a profiled part extending in the longitudinal direction of the respective zone, wherein this profiled part allows that said panel-shaped elements can be joined into each other directly or indirectly in an interlocking manner and in this way can be coupled to each other. The profiled part, as well as the portion in which it has to engage, which usually also will consist of a profiled part, herein preferably are configured such that the respective panel-shaped elements can be directly or indirectly joined laterally into each other in an interlocking manner. By “laterally” is meant that the panel-shaped elements, from a position in which the respective profiled parts are situated parallel opposite to each other, can be joined into each other, more particularly by means of a turning and/or snap movement, either directly into each other, or by the intermediary of a connecting piece. A composed element according to the sixteenth aspect of the invention offers the advantage that it is very easy to assemble and that due to the locking connection with the back part, a particularly stable construction is obtained.
By an “interlocking” connection, it has to be understood that as soon as the panel-shaped elements are in a coupled condition and in the normal mutual position, they are prevented to come apart from each other. Such connection preferably is performed as a tongue and groove coupling, at which additional locking elements are present, for example, as already described above in connection with the other aspects.
Particularly practical constructions are obtained with embodiments of the sixteenth aspect, wherein said longitudinal direction extends in the height and such connection thus is active between the back part and one or more upright-standing side walls and/or upright-standing intermediary walls. Preferably, at least the two connections between the back part and the usual two side walls are performed in accordance with the sixteenth aspect. In the case that one or more upright-standing intermediary walls are applied, it is also preferred that one or more thereof, and still better all of them, also are coupled to the back part by means of connections by means of the sixteenth aspect.
An additional advantage with composed elements, wherein said connection extends in height, is that, when such element is higher than a person, the coupling means at the end faces are not visible and thus it is not necessary to apply particular means in order to hide the profiled parts from view at their upwardly directed ends. Herein, possible shelves or the like preferably are put on between the side walls and/or intermediate walls by classical support means, such that the end faces of the side panels and/or partitions, which are directed forward, simply can be made straight. In other words, there are no continuous profiled parts in the end faces, which would have to be camouflaged one way or another.
Although the sixteenth aspect is particularly advantageous with upright-directed connections, it may also be applied with horizontal connections between a back part and a panel-shaped element, such as between a back part, on the one hand, and a shelf, a bottom plank or a top plank, on the other hand.
According to a preferred embodiment of the sixteenth aspect, both respective panel-shaped elements are provided with profiled parts, which then engage directly into each other. This offers the advantage that no separate connecting pieces are necessary and the cost of the construction remains limited.
However, this does not exclude that according to a variant, use can be made of one or more connecting pieces situated as an intermediate piece between the panel-shaped elements, for example, profiled laths, which are made in accordance with the twelfth aspect.
It is noted that the aforementioned panel-shaped element, which is made as a back part, can be composed of a plurality of segments, which each as such also can be coupled to each other, whether directly or indirectly, by means of profiled parts. In an indirect coupling, preferably one or more lath-shaped connecting pieces are applied, which respectively also may perform a connection with an intermediate wall, preferably also by means of profiled parts, at the connecting pieces and at an edge of the intermediate wall, respectively.
A particularly practical embodiment of a piece of furniture which is performed according to the sixteenth aspect, consists in that between the side walls and the back part, there are corner connections with profiled parts which are performed directly in the respective panel-shaped elements, whereas for the connections between the back part and the intermediate walls, use is made of connecting pieces.
It is clear that embodiments according to the sixteenth aspect of the invention are particularly suitable for pieces of furniture in the form of a rack with shelves. It is clear that in this application as well as in other applications the term furniture or piece of furniture has to be broadly interpreted and that in this manner, this may relate, amongst others, to pieces of furniture in the form of standing cupboards, hanging cupboards and the like, as well as pieces of furniture in the form of a large assembly, for example, wall cabinets, dressings, large racks, for example, for shops, and the like.
According to a deviating variant, the sixteenth aspect also relates to an upright-directed connection as described above, however, wherein the connection provides for a coupling between two panel-shaped elements which may have any shape, and of which thus none of the two necessarily has to form a back part.
According to a seventeenth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, wherein this composed element comprises at least two panel-shaped elements, which substantially are formed from a board material; wherein said panel-shaped elements are interconnected at an angle by means of coupling means comprising a tongue and a groove, which latter substantially are made as profiled parts in the board material; and wherein said coupling means also comprise locking elements which, in coupled condition, prevent the moving apart of the tongue and groove, with the characteristic that the panel-shaped elements are formed on the basis of board material in the form of particle board consisting of two or more layers, which layers, in respect to the average fineness of the particles, have a different degree of fineness, respectively a basic layer with coarser particles, more particularly chips, and at least one outer layer, or at least a more outward-situated layer, which is of a finer composition than the composition of the basic layer, in other words, with particles, chips, respectively, which on average are finer. By making use of such particle board with a less coarse outer layer, which then also is more compact, the advantage is obtained that edge regions are obtained which are stronger and/or are easier to process. Due to the greater strength, the risk of a possible breaking off of material parts or even of complete locking elements is minimized. Due to the finer outer layer, smoother surfaces may be realized. According to the seventeenth aspect, these two factors thus are utilized in order to arrive at a better corner connection.
In a preferred embodiment of the seventeenth aspect, the tongue and groove as well as the locking elements are made in one piece as profiled parts in the board material.
By providing, according to preferred embodiments of the seventeenth aspect, also a very specific positioning of the locking elements and possible other parts, it is possible to realize stronger and/or more precise lockable tongue and groove couplings in corner connections. A number of preferred embodiments are described hereafter.
According to a preferred embodiment, one or more of said locking elements is, are, respectively, at least partially and preferably substantially, and still better entirely, situated in an outer layer of the particle board. Hereby, the advantage is obtained that at least a portion of the locking elements are realized in the compacter and thus stronger material, from which the strength of the locking elements will benefit.
According to still another preferred embodiment, the composed element comprises a locking element at the tongue, preferably in the form of a projection, wherein this locking element comprises a locking surface, with the characteristic that this locking surface is situated at least partially in the material of the respective outer layer. Still better, the locking element at the tongue is situated entirely or substantially entirely in the material of the respective outer layer. It is clear that hereby, a locking surface is obtained, the surface of which is strong and can be made very smooth. Also, a crumbling away of larger chips at this surface is excluded.
According to still another preferred embodiment, the composed element comprises a locking element at the groove, which locking element has a locking surface, wherein this locking surface is at least partially situated in the material of the respective outer layer, or is situated outside of the outer layer, however, with a portion of this locking surface at least at a distance of less than 2 mm from the transition between the outer layer and the basic layer. By situating the locking surface situated at the groove at least partially in the material of the respective outer layer, here, too, the advantage is obtained that a smoother and stronger surface is achieved. Also when the locking surface is situated outside of the outer layer and thus is situated in the basic layer, however, at a small distance from the outer layer, said distance, as aforementioned, being less than 2 mm, still the advantage is maintained that the material of the outer layer keeps exerting an improved support function when forces are created at the locking surface.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the seventeenth aspect, the locking element at the groove is situated entirely in the material of the respective outer layer.
The respective outer layer preferably has an average thickness between 1 and 5 mm, and still better between 2 and 5 mm. The minimum thickness of 1 mm and still better 2 mm offers the advantage that sufficient stability is offered, whereas the maximum thickness of 5 mm provides for that the particle board is economically viable.
It is noted that the transition between such outer layer and the basic layer never is formed by a well-delineated surface, as such particle board is realized as a mat of particles strewn on top of each other, which then are pressed to form a whole. Thus, for this reason herein above the term “average thickness” is used.
It is clear that the characteristics of the seventeenth aspect further also may be combined with one or more other characteristics of the invention, wherein all combinations explicitly are applied, inasmuch as they do not comprise any contradictory characteristics.
For example, in a corner connection according to the seventeenth aspect it is particularly useful to make use of a tongue showing one or more of the following characteristics:
It is clear that such split tongue also in a composed element according to the seventeenth aspect provides for that, when joining the panel-shaped elements into each other, in particular when snapping them together, the material of the particle board is less extensively loaded than in the case that a non-split tongue would be applied.
In the case that the corner connection forms an inner and an outer corner, it is preferred that the tongue and groove, globally seen, are situated closer to the inner corner than to the outer corner.
As will become clear from the detailed description, the seventeenth aspect of the invention is particularly useful in the case of embodiments in which the tongue is situated at the end face of the respective panel-shaped element, whereas the groove is situated at a lateral surface of the other panel-shaped element concerned. In particular in such configurations, the locking elements and locking surfaces can be situated optimally in the material of the respective outer layer concerned.
In a practical embodiment, particle board with a thickness of 12 to 30 mm and still better of 16 to 20 mm and still better of globally 18 mm is used for the board material, as this is a universal thickness, which, in a large number of applications, forms a good compromise between weight and necessary stability for a piece of furniture.
It is clear that the particle board preferably is realized from classical particle board material, thus, substantially on the basis of wood particles. Herein, this may relate to pure wood as well as to recycled wood or a combination thereof.
In a particular embodiment, use is made of a particular particle board showing the characteristic that it has a basic layer which is provided with weight-reducing components. More particular, herein it is preferred that these weight-reducing components comprise one or more materials of the following series: flax shives, particles of foamed synthetic material, peat. It is noted that also different weight-reducing components may be combined in one and the same basic layer. The amount of weight-reducing components in the basic layer can be chosen by the manufacturer, in function of the desired quality of the particle board, and in particular in function of the final strength of this particle board. It is clear that in the case of, for example, particles of foamed synthetic material or peat, still a relatively large amount of wood particles will be maintained in the basic layer in order to maintain the necessary strength. In the case of weight-reducing components which as such are relatively woody, such as flax shives, it is not excluded to form the majority of the particles of the basic layer, or even all particles, of such flax shives. It is clear that for the outer layer preferably still wood particles are used, which are less coarse than the particles of the basic layer.
It is noted that the particles of such outer layer may consist of fine chips with average dimensions smaller than those of the chips of the basic layer, as well as may consist of wood flour, also called sawdust, or of a combination of both.
According to another particular embodiment of the seventeenth aspect, in such outer layer a stronger gluing will take place than in the basic layer, in other words, per volume unit in the final product more glue will be applied in the outer layer than in the basic layer. Such stronger gluing is beneficial for the reinforcement of said locking parts, locking surfaces, respectively.
According to another preferred characteristic of the seventeenth aspect, the particle board is provided with a coating, more particularly a melamine coating. Such melamine coating contributes to a local hardening of the surface, by which this may have an advantageous influence on the strength of the locking elements. More particularly, it is preferred that, for these reasons, such coating is at least present at the surface in which the groove is provided, and that it extends up to between the coupled panel-shaped elements, with the exception of the location where the groove is situated. In this manner, the direct edge regions at the entrance of the groove are reinforced.
It is clear that this extra reinforcement as such also offers an advantage, even when no use should be made of the basic characteristic of the seventeenth aspect. Thus, according to an eighteenth aspect, the invention relates to a composed element, wherein this composed element comprises at least two panel-shaped elements, which substantially are formed from a board material; wherein the aforementioned panel-shaped elements are connected to each other at an angle by means of coupling means comprising a tongue and a groove which substantially are realized as profiled parts in the board material; and wherein said coupling means also comprise locking elements which, in coupled condition, prevent the moving apart of tongue and groove, with the characteristic that the panel-shaped elements are formed on the basis of board material in the form of particle board; that the tongue is situated at the end face of the panel-shaped element concerned, whereas the groove is situated at a lateral surface of the panel-shaped element concerned; that at least the particle board comprising the groove is provided with a coating, more particularly a melamine coating; and that this coating is at least present at the surface in which the groove is provided, and that it extends up to between the coupled panel-shaped elements, with the exception of the location where the groove is situated.
Further, the invention also relates to a composed element, such as defined above or such as also described in the following, wherein at least one of the panel-shaped elements, and preferably both, is, are, respectively, made of a multi-layered board, such as described here above.
Also, the invention relates to panel-shaped elements which combine one or more characteristics of the various aforementioned aspects at the location of one and the same connection, of course, inasmuch as these characteristics are not contradictory. Herein, the invention aims at all possible combinations of such characteristics.
It is clear that the invention relates to any form of composed element which comprises at least two or more panel-shaped elements, as mentioned above, irrespective of the field of application, and irrespective of the fact whether the composed element substantially consists exclusively of said panel-shaped elements or whether these panel-shaped elements only form a part thereof.
Although the invention can be applied in any application, it is, for various of the aforementioned aspects, in particular intended for being applied in the sectors of furniture, walls and wall coverings. For couplings in the same plane, this may relate, for example, to panel-shaped elements together forming a wall or wall covering, or which together form a large panel of a piece of furniture, such as, for example, a tabletop formed of multiple panel-shaped elements. In such tabletop, then, the end faces form the lateral edge of this tabletop. For coupling at an angle, this may relate, for example, to panel-shaped elements forming different sides of a cupboard.
A number of application possibilities of the invention in the furniture sector are the following:
In the case of a tabletop, the panel-shaped elements can consist of parts which systematically have to be coupled one after the other; however, according to a variant, the elements also can form parts of the tabletop situated next to each other as well as one after the other, for example, in the form of four quadrants.
It is clear that the invention also relates to panel-shaped elements which allow realizing, together with other elements, a composed element according to the invention.
Further characteristics of the invention follow from the following detailed description and the attached claims.
With the intention of better showing the characteristics of the invention, hereafter, as an example without any limitative character, several preferred embodiments are described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Herein, the composed element 1 comprises two panel-shaped elements 2-3, which each have an edge zone 4-5 in which coupling means 6-7 are present in the form of a profiled part 8-9 respectively extending in the longitudinal direction of the edge zone 4-5 concerned, as well as each comprise at least one end face 10-11 extending transversely in respect to the respective edge zone 4-5, wherein said coupling means 6-7, and more particularly the profiled parts 8-9, allow that the panel-shaped elements 2-3 can be coupled together in an interlocking manner. In accordance with the first aspect of the invention, at least one of the panel-shaped elements, and in this example both panel-shaped elements 2-3, comprises means 12 which hide from view at least a portion of the profiled parts 8-9 at the location of the end face 10, 11, respectively.
The coupling means 6-7 are of such kind that the panel-shaped elements 2-3, as in
As represented in the example, the coupling means 6-7 preferably comprise a tongue 13 and a groove 14, as well as locking elements 15-16, which, in a normal mutual usage position of the panel-shaped elements 2-3, counteract the drifting apart of tongue and groove, as can be seen in
A particular characteristic of the embodiment of
In the example of the figures, the aforementioned means 12 consist in that at the end faces 10-11 a strip of covering material, 21-22, respectively, is provided, which next to said edge zones shows a contour course 23, 24, respectively, which differs from the contour course 25, 26, respectively, of said profiled parts, which contour courses all are represented in
Further, the strips of covering material 21-22 have a contour course at the height of said edge zones which extends between the corner edges 27-28 of each respective side edge, such that the covering material does not protrude at its corners, which reduces the risk of being damaged, for example, by breaking off.
In the represented example, the extremities of the strip-shaped covering material 21-22 have a rectangular end contour, more particular, as if the panel-shaped elements fit against each other with straight sides, which thus are formed by said straight contour courses 23 and 24, as well as by the contour lines 29, 30, 31 and 32, which are determined by the corner edges 33, 34, 35 and 36 of the panel-shaped elements, where the large surfaces thereof are ending.
The protruding parts 37-38 of the profiled parts at the respective edge zones are performed up to a distance A from said end face only, or, in other words, are removed up to a distance A.
The strip of covering material may consist of any suitable material. In a practical embodiment, preferably use shall be made of an adhered edge strip, more particularly a laminate strip or an ABS strip (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which are generally known for use as adhered edge strips. A laminate strip offers the advantage that it is easy to make in the same color and/or with the same pattern as the laminate with which possibly the large surfaces of the panel-shaped elements 2-3 are covered. An ABS strip, however, offers the advantage that it is sturdier and will not be damaged as easily.
Such adherable edge strip can be applied in a known manner, which usually is performed by rolling such strip, by the intermediary of glue, against the end face to be covered and cutting it off automatically at the end, for example, with a severing cutter. It is noted that such severing cutter 39 simultaneously also may serve for removing the protruding parts 37-38, as aforementioned, up to a distance A from the end face concerned, as a result of which no separate treatment is required to this aim. This treatment is represented schematically in
It is noted that cutting off by means of such severing cutter 39 possibly can also be realized at a very slight angle, for example, of 2 degrees, such that this severing cutter, at the location where it penetrates deeper into the panel, is directed somewhat away from the panel. By this, it is avoided that the severing cutter 39, as a result of possible tolerance deviations, would cut into the flat side of the panel-shaped element concerned.
Preferably, the panel-shaped elements possess a covering at one or both sides. Such covering may be of any kind and, for example, may be performed in the form of a laminate, for example, of the HPL type or the DPL type. Also, other coverings come into consideration, such as, for example, a foil, a lacquer layer, which as such may or may not be composed of multiple layers. In the example of
It is noted that in the case of laminate coverings, in the manufacture of the panel-shaped elements preferably from the beginning one starts from a larger board which already is laminated on one or both sides, from which then the smaller panel-shaped elements 2-3 are realized.
Depending on the design of the coupling means 6-7, the panel-shaped elements 2-3 can be joined together in one or more well-determined ways and possibly also taken apart again. In the embodiment of
Generally, it is noted that the coupling means 2-3 can be performed such, more particularly, have an overlapping design on certain locations, that the panel-shaped elements 2 and 3 are permanently drawn towards each other in the mounted condition, which term also is called “pretension” and as such is known from the sector of floor panels and is described, for example, in the document WO 97/47834.
It is clear that the coupling means 6-7 also can be provided at two or more sides of a panel-shaped element. When, for example, panel-shaped elements are applied having complementary coupling means at two opposite edges, for example, the above-described coupling means 6 and 7, it is clear that successively a plurality of these elements can be coupled to each other. An example of such coupled panel-shaped elements 42 is represented in
The filling material 51 may consist of a filling compound, which is finished flush with the adjoining sides, or of an insertion piece which is provided in the respective recessed portion 50. When the filling material 51, in respect to its appearance, is attuned to the basic material of the respective panel-shaped elements, then a further covering of the end face 11 possibly may be omitted. However, when herein use is made of a strip-shaped covering material, then the filling material forms a support for this stroke, as then at this location, too, gluing may be provided. The use of such filling material 51 also offers the advantage that this technique may be applied for lacquered furniture, for example, with lacquered MDF/HDF cupboards.
It is clear that the same techniques may be applied for the other panel-shaped element 2.
In accordance with the third aspect, in the embodiment of
It is noted that the above-described panel-shaped elements according to the invention can be composed in various manners. According to a first possibility, for such panel-shaped element, a simple board of the same or substantially the same material is applied, for example, a simple MDF board (Medium Density Fiberboard) or HDF board (High Density Fiberboard), or a classical particle board, possibly with finer wood particles at the exterior surfaces. By a simple board is meant that only one essential structural material layer is applied, which does not exclude that other thin layers, such as coverings, may be present. As an alternative, the panel-shaped elements consist of a multi-layered board and then preferably will be realized in accordance with said fourth aspect of the invention.
In
As discussed in the introduction, the multi-layered board, of which the panel-shaped elements consist, may be composed in various ways, amongst which, amongst others, the following important possibilities:
As represented in
It is noted that the construction represented in
For the coupling means, in this case, too, respectively a tongue 13 and a groove 14, as well as locking elements 15 and 16 are used.
As becomes clear from
It is noted that coupling means with one or more of the above-listed characteristics may also be applied with panel-shaped elements which can be coupled to each other in the same plane, as well as with panel-shaped elements which as such are composed differently from the represented structure composed of two layers.
The embodiment of
As discussed in the introduction, the invention also relates to a multi-layered board as such, with the characteristic that it consists of at least two material layers, a first material layer and a second material layer, respectively, which both are performed as a wood composite and wherein the material of the first material layer shows a finer structure than the material of the second material layer.
For example,
More specifically, this insertion piece is formed of a strip which, viewed in cross-section, is made of materials, preferably synthetic material, with different material characteristics. This offers the advantage that different characteristics may be imparted to the component parts thereof, depending on their function. More particularly, certain parts may be made suppler than others.
In the example, the strip, apart from the already mentioned locking portion 75, also is composed of an attachment portion 76, and a hinge portion 77 situated in between them. The locking portion 75 and the attachment portion 76 are made of a harder and more rigid synthetic material than the hinge portion 77, at the one hand, for having the locking portion 75 in coupled condition offer a good locking, and providing the attachment portion in a stable manner into a recess 78 provided for this purpose, and, on the other hand, for having the locking portion move in a supple manner by means of the hinge portion 77. It is noted that this hinge portion 77 does not only possess the function of an hinge, however, also functions as an elastic matter pushing the locking portion 75, in rest position, with its free extremity outward, up into the condition of
In the most preferred embodiment, the insertion piece will be made from a strip formed by means of coextrusion.
The panel-shaped elements 1 and 2 can be coupled simply by, starting from the position in
It is noted that possibly a recess 79 may be provided in the longitudinal direction of the profile concerned, which recess may be helpful during the possible uncoupling of the panel-shaped elements 2 and 3. Such recess allows pushing, in coupled condition, a small pin into it, which is sufficiently thick for pushing the locking portion 75 elastically inward, which undoes the locking. If the front side of the composed element 1 is provided with a finish, for example, by means of an adhered edge strip, care may be taken that the recess 79 is accessible exclusively along the back side of the composed element 1, for example, the back side of a cupboard, such that during normal use the recess is not visible.
Such coupling with an insertion piece is particularly suitable for being applied in corner connections for furniture, on the one hand, because a stable connection can be realized therewith, and, on the other hand, because during joining, the tongue simply can be pressed into the groove without exerting torsion forces or the like.
It is noted that such composed element 1 may possess still other components than the respective panel-shaped elements alone. Amongst these, there may also be components which reinforce the construction formed by the panel-shaped elements, and more particularly bring it into a rigid condition. In the case of, for example, a four-cornered construction, such as a small cupboard or the like, for example, as depicted in
It is evident that other components consist, for example, of shelves, intermediate posts, doors and the like, at least in the case of cupboards.
From the board according to the eleventh aspect of the invention, no specific embodiment is represented in the figures, as the construction thereof is sufficiently clear from the embodiments described in the introduction. However,
The tongue 13 is situated at the outer end of the panel-shaped element 2, whereas the groove 14 is situated in the side wall of the panel-shaped element 3. Such arrangement and configuration offers sturdy coupling means when the panel-shaped elements consist of board material which is formed of a composite pressed to boards.
This embodiment illustrates that the groove 72 can extend deeper than up to the plane where the panel-shaped elements 2-3 adjoin each other, which is beneficial for the elasticity in the tongue.
The panel-shaped elements 2-3 of
The profiled parts 8 and 9 preferably are performed in the form of a tongue 13 and a groove 14. Preferably, a tongue 13 and groove 14 are applied which show one or more of the characteristics which are described in the introduction or in respect to the other embodiments. In particular the use of a split tongue 13, as described by means of
Other possible characteristics of such composed element 1 making use of one or more connecting pieces 81, are described in the introduction and are not repeated here.
Also, connecting pieces can be applied which allow a further connection in the same plane, a T-connection or a crosswise connection, such that a plurality of furniture modules next to and on top of each other can be formed. Embodiments of such connecting pieces are represented in
It is clear that the component parts of a composed element of the twelfth aspect also may be provided at the end faces with means, more particularly coverings, which hide the respective profiled parts from view, such in analogy to the first aspect of the invention.
Analogous to the third aspect of the invention, the cooperating profiled parts of a panel-shaped element 80 and a connecting piece 81 also can be covered by a front panel, for example, by a door in closed condition.
It is noted that the composition of the composed element of
In
Other characteristics of the fourteenth aspect, such as the materials of which the boards and the reinforcing layers may be composed, are described in the introduction and are not repeated here.
It is clear that this fifteenth aspect thus shows its advantages in particular with floor panels wherein the layer 92A is situated directly underneath the top layer 94, as also is described in greater detail in the introduction.
As is represented in the cross-section of
For the profiled parts 8-9, which are applied in the sixteenth aspect, preferably use is made of a tongue and groove, too, at which locking elements are present. In all represented examples of the sixteenth aspect, profiled parts 8-9 are represented, which are similar to those of, for example,
It is noted that it is, however, not excluded to apply other forms of tongue and groove in embodiments according to the sixteenth aspect. Use may also be made of locking elements, which are made as an insertion piece, for example, as represented in
In the embodiment of
The connections 100 preferably are realized such that the side walls 95-96 can be coupled to the back part 94 at least by means of a turning movement, as is indicated in both embodiments by arrows 101. Herein, the connections 100 preferably are configured such that they do not allow or at least counteract a further turning than into the position in which the side walls 95-96 are standing perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the back part 94. By then providing the bottom part 97 and/or the top part 98 and/or the shelves 99 between the side walls 95-96, for example, by means of classical support means 102, which here are represented only schematically, the side walls 95-96 automatically are prevented from turning back inwards.
It is noted that, however, it is not excluded to realize, according to a not-represented variant, also couplings between the side walls 95-96 and one or more of said component parts 97-98-99, also in the form of profiled parts fitting into each other.
In top view and in exploded view,
It is noted that according to a particular partial aspect, it may be worked with segments 104, which are all the same for one and the same piece of furniture, which makes it easier for the assembler. The embodiments of
It is not excluded to also apply separate connecting pieces, for example, such as the earlier described connecting pieces 81, at the corners between the back part 94 and the side walls 95-96, however, for simplicity's sake as well as for esthetic purposes, the embodiments without connecting pieces at the corners are preferred.
It is noted that all embodiments which are depicted in the
It is clear that the invention also relates to panel-shaped elements which are intended for realizing a composed element according to the sixteenth aspect.
Although the sixteenth aspect in the figures exclusively is represented by means of examples in the form of a rack, it is clear that it may also be applicable for other pieces of furniture and the like.
A particularity of the represented embodiment consists in that the plane 112 in which the tongue and groove are situated, is not perpendicular to the diagonal 109, but coincides or approximately coincides with the plane of one of the panel-shaped elements, and, as represented, preferably the plane of the panel-shaped element 2, which is provided with the tongue. This allows that, by exerting a force perpendicularly to the flat side of the panel-shaped element 3, it will automatically be situated in the prolongation of the tongue and groove, and consequently the panel-shaped elements can be joined together in an optimum manner. According to variants, however, it is not excluded to realize the tongue and groove in another direction.
In
More particularly, the drawer of the represented example is composed of two panel-shaped elements 2 forming the back wall 113 and the front wall 114, respectively, and two panel-shaped elements 3 forming the two side walls 115 and 116, respectively, of the drawer. Further, the drawer comprises a bottom 117, which, as represented in
In the represented example, the drawer also is provided with a separate front panel 119, which is attached to the front wall 114, for example, by means of screws 120.
It is clear that the coupling means 6-7 in this case consist of profiled parts extending in vertical direction. The general configuration preferably is as depicted in
For assembling the represented drawer, preferably a procedure is followed as described hereafter.
First, a side wall, for example, 116, is taken and the back wall 113 and the front wall 114 are attached thereto by respectively providing them, by means of a turning movement, with the pertaining tongue 13 in the respective groove 14 of the side wall 116. Subsequently, the bottom 117, from the side where the side wall 115 still has to be provided, can be slid into the grooves 118 of the back wall 113 and the front wall 114, such until the bottom also comes to sit with an edge in the groove 118 of the side wall 116. Then, the side wall 155 is fixed on the still free distal extremities of the back wall 113 and front wall 114 by bringing the respective tongues and grooves into each other by means of a snap effect. This can be performed, for example, by placing the drawer upright, with the side wall 116 at the bottom, and tapping in this position the side wall 115 down onto the then upwardly directed tongues 13 of the back wall 113 and front wall 114.
It is noted that the bottom 117 preferably has such dimensions that, when it is sitting at one edge 121 entirely in the groove 118 of the side wall 116, it will reach, at the opposite edge 122, to beyond the distal extremities of the tongues 13 which are present there. This excess length is indicated in
As an alternative for the screws 120, use may also be made of coupling means 123, with which the front panel 119 is fixed on the remainder of the drawer by snapping it on. These coupling means 123 are schematically represented as an alternative in
Finally,
It is noted that a drawer, as described above, also forms an application of the sixteenth aspect of the invention, as the back wall 113 then also forms a back part as required by this sixteenth aspect. However, this does not exclude that the invention also relates to drawers in which no coupling, such as aforementioned, with the back wall is applied, but yet couplings according to the invention are applied at other places in the drawer.
It is clear that the invention also relates to drawers, of which the back wall and the two side walls are interconnected by film hinges at their cooperating extremities, and wherein solely coupling means according to the invention are provided between a front wall and the adjoining side walls.
Also, it is noted that the principle of automatic centering between the bottom of said drawer and one of the side walls can also be applied in other composed elements, more particularly between a back of a piece of furniture and the panel-shaped elements adjoining thereto.
It is noted that the mentioned dimensions, as represented in the figures, preferably are determined by the basic board, which may or may not be composed, thus, without considering the thickness of a possibly present covering which is present on the basic board, such as the aforementioned laminate coverings 40-41, or the covering generally indicated with reference 128 in
It is clear that the above listing substantially relates to coupling means 6-7 of the type which allows joining the respective composing panel-shaped elements 2-3 laterally into each other. By “laterally”, as already discussed, it is meant that they can be presented with tongue and groove along each other and then can be interconnected by means of a mutual turning movement or translation and snap movement, or a movement in which turning and shifting are combined. This does not exclude that, in certain applications, apart therefrom they also allow connecting the respective panel-shaped elements in another not-lateral manner. By a not-lateral manner is understood, for example, that the profiled parts are slid into each other in longitudinal direction, analogous to a classic dovetail connection.
Further, it is clear that most of these characteristics also may be applied in embodiments wherein at least one of the coupling means is part of a separate connecting piece, for example, a connecting piece 81, as already described above, which in its turn then is connected to another portion of the composed element, preferably another panel-shaped element.
It is clear that all above-described coupling means preferably are performed such that the panel-shaped elements 2-3 match into each other with a pretension, which provides for that the panel-shaped elements 2-3 in coupled condition are drawn towards each other. In the embodiment of
According to another particular aspect of the invention, the tongue and/or groove are at least partially reinforced. In
Such reinforcement may be realized, for example, by means of an impregnation with a reinforcing agent, such as polyurethane, before or after the milling of the actual profiles.
It is clear that for economical reasons, the tongue 13 and groove 14 preferably are manufactured in one piece from the board material of the panel-shaped elements 2-3, for example, by means of the necessary milling treatments. However, this does not exclude that certain portions of the tongue and/or groove and/or of the edge zone in which they are situated, are realized of another material. A possibility thereof is represented in
Such insertion piece 130 can be formed beforehand and be mounted at the edge of the panel-shaped element, however, it may also be realized, as schematically represented in
According to still another important embodiment of the invention, qualitatively differing board materials are applied for the panel-shaped elements, which comprise the groove, on the one hand, and the tongue, on the other hand. The panel-shaped element which comprises the least critical coupling part, which mostly is the groove, then can be made from a board material of lower quality, which makes it possible to employ a less expensive material for this purpose. In practice, this means, for example, that the panel-shaped element with the groove is made, for example, from particle board, whereas the panel-shaped element comprising the tongue is made of MDF or HDF.
Unexpectedly, the inventor also has found that both the tongue and the groove can be made in one piece of particle board, even in the case of a classic particle board. Herein, it might be expected that, when both are manufactured of particle board, a brittle coupling might be created, wherein chips might come loose from the tongue and interfere with good coupling. Contrary thereto, the inventor has found that in corner connections still good results were obtained. Herein, a split tongue is extra advantageous, because both portions then are more movable when loosened portions get between the surfaces of tongue and groove, and/or because the slot forms a space in which loosened particles can be collected without having an interfering function.
In particular with embodiments in particle board, it may be useful to apply a reinforcing agent, for example, such as represented in
According to another particular characteristic, a composed element according to the invention comprises one or more panels, wherein such panel as such comprises, at two opposite edge zones, a coupling means, as aforementioned, in the form of a tongue, and preferably further comprises no coupling means in the form of a groove. Also, it is preferred that other panels then comprise only coupling means in the form of a groove. By not applying tongue and groove at the same panel-shaped element, the panel-shaped elements can be optimized better and realized more simply. For example, then, as aforementioned, a panel-shaped element exclusively having grooves can be made of particle board, and, due to the absence of tongues at this element, there is no necessity of switching to a more expensive material, such as MDF or HDF.
The first possibility provides a reinforcement 133 of the tongue surface, in this case at the side which is facing away from the inner corner and is facing away from the locking element. This reinforcement may consist of synthetic material or glue, which is applied on the respective surface and still better is taken up at least partially and preferably entirely in the surface. The application thereof may be performed in any manner, for example, by means of jetting on, spraying on or even by applying this synthetic material or glue on the surface by means of a transfer tape or the like, which comprises this synthetic material or glue, wherein this synthetic material or glue then is transferred onto the surface of the tongue by unrolling the tape against the surface of the tongue. After applying the synthetic material or glue, a press-on treatment may be performed in order to effect that this material penetrates into the surface of the tongue. Also, after applying and solidifying the reinforcement. a machine after-treatment of the surface may be provided, for example, by means of re-profiling by means of a finishing cutter.
The second possibility is a reinforcement 134 in the form of an elastic filler in the slot 72, possibly in a widened portion 135, which to this aim is formed in the slot. In a practical application, such filler may consist of foamed glue, more particularly foamed “hot melt” glue.
It is clear that the reinforcements 133 and 134 are particularly useful for particle board and actually offer solutions for usefully applying particle board, which is less expensive than MDF and HDF, in such composed elements.
In
It is noted that herein, such outer layer may be realized as a relatively thin layer and thus in fact functions as a kind of skin. The inventor has found that such outer layer, however small the thickness thereof may be, already contributes considerably to a better coupling.
Further,
In the represented example, both locking elements 15 and 16 are realized at least partially, and in this case even entirely, in an outer layer 136, 137, respectively.
More particularly, it is indicated that the locking element 15 over its entire height HL consists of the material of the outer layer 136, as well as over its entire length, thus, in the horizontal direction in
The locking element 15 at the tongue 13 is performed in the form of a projection and has a locking surface 142, which in this case thus is situated entirely in the material of the respective outer layer 136, which allows an even finish.
In the represented example, the locking element 16 at the groove 14 is situated entirely in the material of the respective outer layer 137. As indicated, the locking element 16 is situated over its entire length LL in the material of the outer layer 137. Thus, the locking element 16 at the groove 14 also has a locking surface 143, which is situated at least partially, and in this case entirely, in the material of the respective outer layer 137.
According to another embodiment, the locking surface may also be situated outside of the outer layer 137, however, with a portion of this locking surface 143 at least at a distance of less than 2 mm from the transition 145 between the outer layer 137 and the basic layer 139. According to this embodiment, this means that the locking surface 143 is situated at the right hand side at a distance from the transition 145. When this distance remains limited to said 2 mm, the material of the outer layer 137 keeps exerting a useful supporting influence.
Said outer layers form, as it were, a skin. The average thickness of these outer layers or skin, which is indicated by DS, preferably is situated between 1 and 5 mm and still better between 2 and 5 mm.
In
It is noted that the outer layer 137 also forms a stable support edge 148 at the entrance of the groove 14.
In the embodiment of
According to another preferred characteristic of the seventeenth aspect, the particle board is provided with a coating, more particularly a melamine coating. Herein, it is preferred that such coating, as indicated by reference number 68, is at least present at the surface in which the groove is provided, and that the latter extends up to between the coupled panel-shaped elements, with the exception of the location where the groove is situated. In this manner, the direct edge regions at the entrance of the groove are reinforced.
The difference in fineness among the particles of the basic layer and the outer layer is at least a visually discernible difference. Preferably, it relates to a difference as already applied in many particle boards as such. In a practical embodiment, the basic layer per weight unit will comprise a relatively large amount of chips which are larger than 2.5 mm, whereas such outer layer comprises a relatively large amount of chips having smaller dimensions.
It is noted that both panel-shaped elements 2 and 3 preferably are realized from the same particle board.
According to a deviating embodiment of the seventeenth aspect, only one of both panel-shaped elements is made in accordance therewith, and the other is realized in another manner. Also, panel-shaped elements may be used which are realized according to the seventeenth aspect, however, which indeed are mutually connected by the intermediary of a connecting piece, such as the aforementioned connecting piece 81.
Although preferably a split tongue is used, it is noted that this does not necessarily have to be so.
By adapting the shape and dimensions of the split tongue, the designer can determine the amount of force which is necessary for moving the panel-shaped elements by a snap movement into each other and possibly also out of each other. In this manner, it may possibly also be provided for that the required force during snapping together is not excessively large and that snapping into each other simply is possible by manual pressing on, without requiring any tools.
Finally, it is noted that the groove 14, which becomes clear, amongst others, from the examples of the
In general, a “connection at an angle” must be seen broadly. This may relate to solely a corner connection, as illustrated in
It is clear that the embodiments represented in the figures always apply one or more of the aspects mentioned in the introduction, without each time explicitly referring thereto in the description of these figures.
It is also clear that all aforementioned profiled parts can be realized by means of any suitable technique. For the panel-shaped elements, this preferably takes place by means of milling treatments, for example, with milling cutters which are arranged at different angles. This is also possible with the connecting pieces, however, these may also be extruded and possibly additionally finished by means of machining treatments.
Although the invention, in respect to the aforementioned coupling techniques, is intended in particular for being applied when manufacturing furniture panels, it is clear that it can also be employed in other fields of application, such as wall panels, box-shaped elements, such as packaging and storage boxes, and so on.
It is noted that said corner connections are suitable in particular for realizing connections at 90 degrees, however, it is not excluded to apply them also for connections at angles differing from 90 degrees.
It is clear that the invention is not restricted to embodiments with panel-shaped elements, which are provided with a laminate covering, and may also be applied with any other panel-shaped elements, such as, for example, panels covered with veneer, multi-layered panels, panels made as so-called “engineered wood”, panels provided with any covering, and so on.
Another general characteristic consists in that, when a composed element according to the invention comprises four panel-shaped panels all around, which respectively can be joined into each other by means of coupling means according to the invention, wherein thus four connections are realized in the corners, then at least one of the connections allows joining by means of a snap connection. More particularly, it is preferred that at least two of the other connections allow joining by turning. In the most preferred embodiment, at least two connections situated at the same panel-shaped element can be performed at least by turning, whereas the two opposite connections can be realized at least by a translation and snap movement.
According to a particular aspect of the invention, the panel-shaped elements 2-3 of such composed element, in particular in the case of furniture panels, are manufactured of wood fiberboard of the type such as MDF, however, with a low density, which means an average density of less than 600 kg per cubic meter, also called Low Density Fiberboard, and preferably even less than 550 kg per cubic meter. The inventor has found that such floor panels, contrary to an application in floors, indeed may be applied in the furniture branch, while coupling means, such as discussed above, can be realized in an effective manner, while in fact a reduction of weight as well as of material is achieved compared to classic MDF.
The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described as an example and represented in the figures, on the contrary may such composed element, such multi-layered board, as well as such panel-shaped elements be realized in various forms and dimensions, without leaving the scope of the invention.
Finally, it is noted that according to the invention, by a “composed element” an element has to be understood which comprises two or more elements, more particularly panel-shaped elements, which already are composed, as well as comprises elements which are not yet composed, however, which are intended for being composed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008/0677 | Dec 2008 | BE | national |
| 20 2009 008 825.1 | Jun 2009 | DE | national |
| PCT/IB2009/054812 | Oct 2009 | WO | international |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/329,789, filed May 25, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/638,698, filed Jun. 30, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,085,475, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/140,618, filed Jun. 17, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,695,856, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119 (e) to the U.S. provisional application No. 61/175,596 filed on May 5, 2009.
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| Number | Date | Country |
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| 465593 | May 1946 | BE |
| 740 678 | Apr 1970 | BE |
| 1 065 944 | Nov 1979 | CA |
| 1 240 914 | Aug 1988 | CA |
| 1 279 814 | Feb 1991 | CA |
| 1 296 611 | Mar 1992 | CA |
| 1 297 525 | Mar 1992 | CA |
| 83681 | Jan 1920 | CH |
| 616 617 | Apr 1980 | CH |
| 2404402 | Nov 2000 | CN |
| 2492701 | May 2002 | CN |
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| 808 626 | Jul 1951 | DE |
| 1 812 390 | Jun 1960 | DE |
| 1 484 108 | Apr 1969 | DE |
| 1 298 440 | Jun 1969 | DE |
| 6909680 | Sep 1969 | DE |
| 6923049 | Oct 1969 | DE |
| 1 935 283 | Jan 1971 | DE |
| 1 654 545 | May 1971 | DE |
| 1 955 922 | Jun 1971 | DE |
| 2 008 785 | Sep 1971 | DE |
| 2153713 | May 1973 | DE |
| 2 300 675 | Jul 1974 | DE |
| 24 26 722 | Dec 1975 | DE |
| 23 30 532 | Sep 1978 | DE |
| 30 41 781 | Jun 1982 | DE |
| 32 44 398 | May 1985 | DE |
| 87 08 112 | Sep 1987 | DE |
| 42 24 250 | Jan 1994 | DE |
| 19 503 948 | Aug 1996 | DE |
| 197 06 651 | Aug 1998 | DE |
| 198 27 597 | Dec 1999 | DE |
| 200 09 333 | Sep 2000 | DE |
| 39 37 231 | Jan 2001 | DE |
| 10008108 | May 2001 | DE |
| 20 2004 010 897 | Nov 2004 | DE |
| 20 2004 013 651 | Nov 2004 | DE |
| 20 2005 005 498 | Jun 2005 | DE |
| 10 2004 055 951 | Jul 2005 | DE |
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| 20 2008 004 145 | Aug 2009 | DE |
| 20 2008 004 148 | Aug 2009 | DE |
| 20 2009 008 825 | Oct 2009 | DE |
| 20 2009 010 381 | Nov 2009 | DE |
| 20 2009 018 418 | Aug 2011 | DE |
| 10 2006 007 522 | Jan 2013 | DE |
| 0 077 092 | Apr 1983 | EP |
| 0 274 683 | Jul 1988 | EP |
| 0 330 748 | Sep 1989 | EP |
| 0 479 767 | Apr 1992 | EP |
| 0 423 596 | Apr 1993 | EP |
| 0 698 357 | Feb 1996 | EP |
| 0 543 589 | Apr 1996 | EP |
| 0 871 156 | Oct 1998 | EP |
| 1 035 334 | Sep 2000 | EP |
| 1 344 950 | Sep 2003 | EP |
| 1 374 737 | Jan 2004 | EP |
| 1 420 125 | May 2004 | EP |
| 1516977 | Mar 2005 | EP |
| 1 554 951 | Jul 2005 | EP |
| 1 574 633 | Oct 2005 | EP |
| 0 756 044 | Nov 2005 | EP |
| 1343943 | Feb 2006 | EP |
| 1671562 | Jun 2006 | EP |
| 1847385 | Oct 2007 | EP |
| 2 065 526 | Jun 2009 | EP |
| 2 105 063 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2 105 064 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2130991 | Dec 2009 | EP |
| 2 250 926 | Nov 2010 | EP |
| 2 348 222 | Jul 2011 | EP |
| 2378921 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 1 647 205 | Dec 2011 | EP |
| 2 015 652 | Mar 2012 | EP |
| 1 855 854 | Apr 2012 | EP |
| 2 260 742 | Sep 2012 | EP |
| 1 016 352 | Nov 1952 | FR |
| 1 103 169 | Oct 1955 | FR |
| 1318585 | Feb 1963 | FR |
| 1 345 888 | Dec 1963 | FR |
| 1 557 100 | Feb 1969 | FR |
| 2 143 136 | Jul 1973 | FR |
| 2 186 076 | Jan 1974 | FR |
| 2 313 629 | Sep 1978 | FR |
| 2 597 173 | Oct 1988 | FR |
| 2826391 | Dec 2002 | FR |
| 2 949 046 | Feb 2011 | FR |
| 598 687 | Feb 1948 | GB |
| 794 401 | May 1958 | GB |
| 1 004 008 | Sep 1965 | GB |
| 1 046 810 | Oct 1966 | GB |
| 2041146 | Sep 1980 | GB |
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| 2256023 | Nov 1992 | GB |
| 2 281 950 | Mar 1995 | GB |
| 2 408 554 | Jun 2005 | GB |
| 2 428 078 | Aug 2008 | GB |
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| S58-41251 | Mar 1983 | JP |
| S58-149709 | Sep 1983 | JP |
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| 4854248 | Jan 2012 | JP |
| 3176020 | Jun 2012 | JP |
| 5574316 | Aug 2014 | JP |
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| 20030021331 | Mar 2003 | KR |
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| 20050121693 | Dec 2005 | KR |
| 6912630 | Feb 1971 | NL |
| 8502524 | Apr 1987 | NL |
| 1034336 | Mar 2009 | NL |
| 2 063 158 | Jul 1996 | RU |
| 8700406 | Jan 1987 | WO |
| 9217657 | Oct 1992 | WO |
| 9410462 | May 1994 | WO |
| 9747834 | Dec 1997 | WO |
| 9922150 | May 1999 | WO |
| 0233271 | Apr 2002 | WO |
| 0247906 | Jun 2002 | WO |
| 02055810 | Jul 2002 | WO |
| 03016654 | Feb 2003 | WO |
| 03087498 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| 2004052150 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004085765 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| 2005020754 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| 2005046950 | May 2005 | WO |
| 2005090707 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| 2006008393 | Jan 2006 | WO |
| 2007079845 | Jul 2007 | WO |
| 2007118352 | Oct 2007 | WO |
| 2007131903 | Nov 2007 | WO |
| 2007141605 | Dec 2007 | WO |
| 2007145572 | Dec 2007 | WO |
| 2008021044 | Feb 2008 | WO |
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| 2008150234 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009066153 | May 2009 | WO |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230383779 A1 | Nov 2023 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61175596 | May 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17329789 | May 2021 | US |
| Child | 18450114 | US | |
| Parent | 15638698 | Jun 2017 | US |
| Child | 17329789 | US | |
| Parent | 13140618 | US | |
| Child | 15638698 | US |
